Table 1: Action Plan Overview FISHERY NAME: Indonesian Handline Tuna fishery; Yellowfin and Skipjack tuna START DATE: Nov 2012 FISHERY LOCATION: Indonesian Central and Western Pacific FISHING METHOD: Handline END DATE (anticipated): Dec 2016 PROJECT LEADERS: ANOVA (Fishing & Living) & MDPI IMPROVEMENTS RECOMMENDED BY: Moody Marine Ltd: Pre Assessment Results Poseidon Consultants: Pre-assessment results and progress review OVERVIEW OF THE ACTION PLAN: This is a working document which means it should be updated regularly as action points are successfully implemented, conditions change within existing plans and new ones develop or become increasingly important. This action Plan is taken from the view of ANOVA, a private company, who is involved in export of Handline YFT. ANOVA sources fish from 17 + landing sites throughout Indonesia and a data collection system has been implemented within ANOVAs supply chain in 16 landing sites in order to gain knowledge on this fishery. Additionally, by active involvement with local DKP, formal and informal data collection from suppliers and middlemen and specifically geared interviews, an in depth profile of each port has been gained and from this it was possible to determine what % of the total fishery ANOVAs supply chains employ. The data collected follows a similar format to that collected by other institutes currently involved in data collection in Indonesia and therefore improves and enhance the understanding which exists regarding the stock and will lead to improve sustainable and a precautionary approach to its exploitation in the close future. This information has been made available to relevant government bodies and regional RFMOs and is being used to exhibit the fishery as a sustainable one, to an assessment process, which will aim to gain MSC certification for the fishery.
Table 2: Action Plan Details STATUS ACTIONS ACTIONS LEAD ACTION PARTNERS STAKEHOLDERS TIMESCALE / MILESTONES MSC Principle 1: A fishery must be conducted in a manner that does not lead to over-fishing or depletion of the exploited populations and, for those populations that are depleted; the fishery must be conducted in a manner that demonstrably leads to their recovery. 1.1.1 Stock status 1.1.2 Reference points YFT: Stock is not in an overfished states and overfishing Is not occurring (based on 2011 assessment). Interim catch and effort shall not exceed 2010 levels as defined by WCPFC. YFT: Limit reference point= 20% of equilibrium spawning biomass that would be expected in the absence of fishing in the current environmental conditions. No target reference points (Fmsy/Bmsy implicit). YFT: Collection of large (>10kg) YFT catch data from all of ANOVAs suppliers. Individual weight and individual FL of all specimen Continue current data collection activities and ensure that data is submitted in correct format for national and regional databases Advocate for stronger measures on the regional and national level including the setting of formal reference points that correspond to stock status. Data collection and port sampling are in place in 16 landing sites. Enumerators and supervisors are trained on a regular basis. Data and submission is checked regularly. Data is submitted in correct format to national (P4KSI) and regional organizations (WCPFC/SPC) 1) Attendance to annual WCPFC and IOTC meetings 2) Advocate for the incorporation of WCPFC reference point in NTMP and strategy, including archipelagic waters - Main supplier in each port/landing area -WCPFC assist in observer training -P4KSI, DKP, fishermen -MMAF -WCPFC -IOTC -Other FIP leaders in Indonesia and Asia- Pacific -ISSF - Fishermen - Middlemen - Suppliers - Anova - P4KSI - Local DKP All stakeholders involved in Yellowfin and tuna fisheries in the WCPO Continuous data collection Q4 2014 1.1.3 stock rebuilding YFT: 2010 not overfished Precautionary limits should be introduced. 1.2.1 Performance of the harvest strategy WCPFC aims to maintain or restore stocks at levels capable of producing MSY for SKJ and YFT. Indonesia must take the necessary measures to ensure total catch of YFT does not exceed average level for the period 2001-2004 or 2004. 1) Advocate for stronger measures, including harvest control rules. 2) Indonesia implements current and future regional reference points through a compatible strategy that is responsive to stock status 1) Attendance to annual WCPFC meetings 2) Regularly communicate with authorities on the need to implement limit and target reference points -MMAF -WCPFC -IOTC -Universities -Industry (Anova) All stakeholders involved in Yellowfin and tuna fisheries in the WCPO
1.2.2 Harvest control rules and tools 1.2.3 Information/ monitoring 1.2.4 Stock Assessment WCPFC SC has been tasked with developing harvest control rules in 2014 for implementation in 2015. WCPFC requires Indonesia to develop FAD plan: -Rule exists which limits FAD density to min 10 NM apart. This is currently not implemented. -Tuna plan should be developed and implemented that is in line with WCPFC current measures Catch and effort data is presently not adequate. WCPFC is supporting government (P4KSI) to implement in several key ports but not widespread. Catches often not separated by gear. Logbook implementation only partially done on large >30GT boats. Improvement is seen in last 2 years due to WPEA program. This programs scope needs to be expanded to increased number of ports and Indonesia needs to fulfil its data requirements to WCPFC Indonesian scientists (P4KSI and University) have been trained in tuna stock assessment methods and have been engaged in the annual Scientific Committee at WCPFC and IOTC meetings. These reference points are yet to be incorporated in Indonesia s national tuna strategy. Training of in ecosystem modeling and its specific application to Indonesia waters is ongoing and expected to be achieved by 2015. -Implement effort limitations? - Establish data collection fishery councils and use as a forum to begin increasing info on number of boats, no. of fishermen etc involved in fishery. - Cooperation with MMAF and DKP on the development and implementation of harvest control rules and tools - Initiate Decrees that support tools, and provide guidance to DKP Provinsi on implementation of measures -Increasing presence in all landing sites to increase scope of data collection. -Ensuring separation of species for catch estimates (especially juvenile YFT and SJK) -Socialising logbook to fishermen (with possibility of offering incentive) -Data collected in P4KSI data base and transferred to SPC -Coordinate with other data collection initiatives -Data collection (total weight, individual weight and FL) at every landing site ANOVA suppliers are active -Cooperation with P4KSI as Indonesian implementers of WPEA program - Information campaign to fishermen to gain acceptance for planned data collection -Attendance to annual WCPFC meetings and advocacy for the development of harvest control rules -Cooperation with MMAF and DKP on developing and organizing local data tuna councils- to be transformed into provincial entities - Support MMAF to conduct workshops, involving all P&L and HL stakeholders, to explore input and output controls including FAD, quotas and effort limits following the CMM -Data collection and port sampling currently being carried out in 16 landing sites -Protocols have been produced -Logbook socializing workshops conducted - Pilot Observer Program based on RFMOs requirement in collaboration with MMAF -Strengthening of reporting system from province to MMAF -Maintain and expand existing -Provide support in getting all coastal tuna fishing boats registered/recorded by local provincial and district governments -Increase coordination with other data collection initiatives is progressing - Continuous improvement of our knowledge on supply chains through QC /sustainability staff interaction with suppliers - Information dissemination to suppliers by circulating presentations, reports etc - MMAF -DKP -WCPFC -USAID - IMACS -DKP -P4KSI -P4KSI -All stakeholders involved in Yellowfin and tuna fisheries in the WCPO -RFMOs -Indonesian government -Middlemen - IMACS -P4KSI - Fishermen - Middlemen - WCPFC - Local government Q4 2014 Dec 2014 On-going On-going
MSC Principle 2: Fishing operations should allow for the maintenance of the structure, productivity, function and diversity of the ecosystem (including habitat and associated dependent and ecologically related species) on which the fishery depends STANDARD RESOURCES ACTION ACTION TIMESCALE / STATUS ACTIONS STAKEHOLDERS REQUIREMENT REQUIRED LEAD PARTNERS MILESTONES 2.2.1 Retained spp: Status -Enumerators Q4 2014 2.1.2 Retained spp: Management At present large quantities of juvenile YFT and SJK are caught by the same boats that are handlining large YFT thus the fishery should no longer be termed YFT handlining as both large YFT and SJK should be seen as target species. Juvenile YFT, Tongkol (FGT, BLT), swordfish, mahimahi, Spanish mackerel are main bycatch species. -Juvenile YFT (baby tuna) are often not separated from SJK for data analysis (10-20%) of catch. Status states not overfished (WCPFC stock assessment but problems as not recorded properly) -Tongkol (BET and FGT, both not specified separately). No stock status is available (FGT is termed red on the WWFseafood guide and BET orange). Other species do not constitute over 5% of catch and are therefore not specified as bycatch species No on retained species is in place. By collecting qualitative data it may be possible to ensure that these species become specified as minor retained species by MSC (<5%) or else initiative may be put in place if appropriate. -Juvenile YFT need to be monitored separately from SJK to ensure stock assessments are being carried out correctly. - data on quantities of each bycatch species should be gathered (total catch and random sampling on catch to gain individual weight and length data) -Carrying out data collection to ascertain the proportion of the fishery is comprised by retained species -Information education campaign on basic biology of fish to fishermen to convince of benefits of sustainability as a means of cutting down on juvenile catches -Increasing competence on juvenile YFT and BET identification to insure these are separated correctly and catches are correctly recorded - Enumerators - posters, leaflets, presentations on sustainability issues - Species identification booklets for YFT and BET differentiation -Sampling protocol have been produced - Data collection activities also includes collection of data on bycacth, retained and ETP species since December 2012. This is done through observer on board and land-based interviews. -Training in risk based assessment (RBA) has partially been conducted and a framework was developed. Plans to conduct RBA in 2014 - Regular workshops and communication to raise awareness among fishermen and communities. -RBA is planned to be conducted for all main retained species, by catch and ETP species in 2014 in cooperation with IPB Bogor. Based on the outputs, a list necessary measures to be developed and implemented (on district/provincial level?) that are in line with WCPFC CMMs will be formulated. - Advocate the inclusion of ETP and retained species mitigation measures in the NTMP and in national regulation. -Universitites -IPB Bogor University -BRPL -Industry - P4KSI - District government -Universities (IMACS; Data collection fisheries councils) - P4KSI - District government -Universities (IMACS; Data collection fisheries councils) Q4 2014
2.1.3 Retained spp: Info/Monitoring 2.2.1 Discarded Spp: status 2.2.2 Discarded Spp: Management 2.2.3 Discarded Spp: Info/monitoring 2.3.1 ETP: Status 2.3.2 ETP spp: Managment Increase in data quality and scope is needed N/A N/A N/A Due to nature of fishery the interaction with ETPs is estimated to be negligible. No fisheries independent data exists which suggests low interactions but quantitative data should be collected to verify this There are currently the following strategies in place: Seabirds: WCPFC (Resolution 2005-01) which follows the FAO International plan of action- Seabirds; however assessment of bycatch or avoidance measures are not employed. Sharks: WCPFC (Resolution 2006- DPO4) which requires national planning initiatives, reporting See above 2.1.1, 2.1.2 RBA should be conducted to determine ETP species and impact of the fishery on ETP species -Conduct RBA for ETPs identified by data collected in the past year -Depending on outcomes from research carried out specific interactions or interactions with higher frequencies may highlight specific possibilities to decrease interactions between Handline fisheries and ETPs -Conduct RBA for ETPs identified -Enumerators -Observers -RBA leader -Consultant with experience in RBA -RBA leader -staff experienced in RBA? -Sampling protocol have been produced - Data collection activities also includes collection of data on ETP species since December 2012. This is done through observer on board and landbased interviews. -Training in risk based assessment (RBA) has partially been conducted and a framework was developed. Plans to conduct RBA in 2014 - Regular workshops and communication to raise awareness among fishermen and communities. - Advocate for the adoption of Shark RFMO regulations into national regulation -RBA is planned to be conducted for all main retained species, by catch and ETP species in 2014 in cooperation with IPB Bogor. Based on the outputs, a list necessary measures to be developed and implemented (on district/provincial level?) that are in line with WCPFC CMMs will be formulated. -IPB -P4KSI -DKP -DKP -Data collection fisheries council (IMACS) ANOVA - P4KSI - District government -Universities (IMACS; Data collection fisheries councils) Q4 2014
requirements and regulations regarding shark fin: total shark body mass on board vessels. Turtles: CITES protects all species from trade and consumption. National regulations protect nesting sites and foraging areas. by data collected in the past year - Advocate the inclusion of ETP mitigation measures in the NTMP and in national regulation 2.3.3 ETP: Information monitoring Relevant CMMs and resolutions on sharks and sea turtles have been applied through core regulations and formulation of measures. Several small studies have been conducted (WWF) on interactions but the scope of the studies and the statistical value of the sampling sizes have been low. An outline of ETPs which exist in the fishery catchment area is made. -Initial analysis is done by interview/ questionnaire which gives detail on which ETPs are relevant to this fishery -Continuous assessment is done through interview/ questionnaire/ logbook /onboard observers where fishermen give details of interactions with ETPs - Enumerators - Observers - Questionnaire/ interview team -Created a list of relevant ETPs in area -Produced questionnaires/ interviews /workshop which will give initial details on ETPs relevant to this fishery -Continue and expand on existing activities - IMACS - WWF ANOVA IMACS P4KSI On-going 2.4.1 Habitat: status Fishing is carried out in deep water where FADs are deployed. Physical damage by FADs on benthos where they are anchored is thought to be minimal and reversible. Gear from the handline fishery does not have and negative effects on the habitat. Benthic research to be carried out on FAD anchoring. Data on numbers and density of deployed FADs should be gathered through implementation of logbook system. Sparsely deployed FADs (Government legislation specifies min 10 NM distance between FADs, however this is not implemented) are likely to have a minimal impact but studies should be carried out on possible negative effects of high density such as what may be found in Sulawesi (3-5 NM apart) -Possible incentive scheme; CSR project which would support -Scientific research as that proposed through BEST tuna project. Several studies will focus on the ecology of FADS: http://www.afi.wur.nl/uk /Research/BESTTuna/ -Enumerators for logbook socialising -Funding for CSR; GPS distribution scheme Cooperation with local DKP to support the socialising and implementation of logbooks (Kendari uses the rule that new SIB number will not be issued until logbook of previous trip is submitted) -Actively investigate the possibility of funding from outside agencies and organizations -Funding agencies -Wageningen university -Local (per pport/landing site) DKP -WUR -DKP
2.4.2 Habitat: Management strategy 2.4.3 Habitat: Info/ monitoring 2.5.1 Ecosystem: Status logbook implementation by Some legislation exists which limits number of FADs which may be legally deployed (10 NM apart). All FADs should be registered. Currently this is not being implemented There is insufficient data available to ascertain the level of impact which this fishery has on the habitat 3 elements of ecosystem impacts should be noted from the handline tuna fishery; removal of high level predators from the trophic structure of the system, Removal of bait species and the influence of FADs on the trophic structure. Ecosim modelling carried out showed that the removal of large tuna species such as BET and YFT have a large influence on the structure of the ecosystem through related trophic changes which occur through its removal. This is related to total BET and YFT removal and may therefore not be relavant to handline fishery which removes just < 4.5% of total YFT from the stock. (SJK...not known what % of catch is taken by handline) -NO stock assessment of bait species is carried out - FADs are an unnatural habitat and cause juveniles to aggregate before reproduction. This form of aggregating and associated high potential removal of juveniles (Pole and line, Purse seine) in large quantities may be detrimental to stock (some catches had up to 90% baby tuna mixture of SJK and juv. YFT. Estimate that 30-40% was juvenile YFT. distribution of GPS devices Strengthening of the DKP through IMACS supported by Data Collection Fisheries Management Councils (DCFMC). -Improving possibility of fishermen to record the location of the FADS by implementation of incentive scheme (CSR program) which would distribute GPS devices to fishermen, collection boats. -Funding for CSR; GPS distribution scheme -Actively investigate the possibility of funding from outside agencies and organizations - Begin informal data collection on FAD locations by interaction with fishermen, middlemen -Funding agencies -Middlemen -DKP (district) See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above -Increased research to be carried out on the impact of high level predator removal from ecosystem http://www.afi.wur.nl/uk/research /BESTTuna/ - research to be carried out on bait species within ANOVA supply chains; species, quantities etc. Should be dealt with at same level of importance as retained bycatch of the fishery. -Increased research on the trophic impacts which high density FAD deployment may have on ecosystemhttp://www.afi.wur.nl/u K/Research/BESTTuna/ -Enumerators -Data collection through interview with fishermen on FAD density, bait species and quantities employed - IMACS - WUR
2.5.2 Ecosystem: Management strategy 2.5.3 Ecosystem: Info/monitoring FAD density being managed by regulation but not implemented. Individual fisheries such as those of bait fishery are not regulated or plans are nonexistent. At present little info/monitoring on ecosystem effects directly related to this fishery is being carried out but research is ongoing on predator removal from ecosystem. WCPFC carrying out research into trophic interactions
Principle 3: The fishery is subject to an effective system that respects local, national and international laws and standards and incorporates institutional and operational frameworks that require use of the resource to be responsible and sustainable STANDARD RESOURCES ACTION ACTION TIMESCALE / STATUS ACTIONS STAKEHOLDERS REQUIREMENT REQUIRED LEAD PARTNERS MILESTONES 3.1.1 Governance and policy: Legal framework -Further improve tuna plan/decrees to include Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management - - - - Industry MDPI MMAF IMACS -All stakeholders of tuna fisheries in Indonesia Indonesia is now a cooperating member of both WCPFC and IOTC. Long term objectives are articulated in the Fisheries Master Plan, and supporting Indonesian legislation. PAFM and EAFM should be core principles applied within the National Fisheries Strategy, and explicit within the National Tuna Management Plan. National consultation systems are in place through the Tuna Commission and FKPPS. These ensure that national actions are also designated to the Fisheries Management Areas. MMAF is also in the process of strengthening its decision making systems. Decisions are now required to take account of scientific advice and monitoring processes are in place to ensure that conservation principles are followed. -Support to AP2HI, to work as lobby group towards government. Strong collaboration is being built within Indonesia between participating industry and NGOs to support MMAF in building its framework. - Advocate for the inclusion of EAFM in legislation 3.1.2 Governance and policy: consultation, roles and responsibilities Indonesia s Tuna Council is consulted and advice is referred to the Minister. Members of the commission include fishing association, NGOs, key experts. The Forum for Coordination for the Fisheries Resources Utilisation and Management (FKPPS) is used as the organization to provide input into decisions from relevant research, monitoring, and evaluation. 3.1.3 Governance and policy: long term objectives Long term objectives are articulated in the Fisheries Master Plan, and supporting Indonesian legislation. These objectives include reference to stock sustainability and the precautionary approach to fisheries (PAFM). However, Indonesia needs to also apply the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAFM) to be consistent The government must be seen to be adhering to at very least beginning to adhere to their responsibilities which they have to WCPFC, IOTC with regards data collection, ETP interaction etc. The following initiatives have been taken: Familiarisation/socialisation training on the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries Advocate for the includsion of EAFM in legislation
3.1.4 Governance and policy: Incentives for sustainable fishery 3.2.1 Fishery specific system: fishery specific objectives with MSC principles 1 and 2. Both PAFM and EAFM should be core principles applied within the National Fisheries Strategy, and explicit within the National Tuna Management Plan. It is also important to ensure that International actions are not only supported at national level but carry to provincial governance. WWF has published a review of incentives which will be subject to consultation in 2014. Fuel subsisidies have been removed for the industrial fishing sector (>30GT) The Fisheries Law (Law 31/2004) lays down a requirement to implement a Fisheries Management Plan without specifying whether this should be for fishery specific or not. MMAF has gone through two draftings of a tuna plan and is redrafting a third version. The plan is not fishery specific and makes some distinctions on Archipelagic Waters which are not in compliance with the WCPFC Convention. (CCRF); -Preparations for a National Plan of Action for Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Fishing to be implemented in 2004; -Preparations of a national strategy for the implementation of the CCRF; -Preparations for the establishment of a authority for endangered species; -Preparations for implementation in 2004 of the NPOA for reducing catches of seabirds in long-line fisheries; Preparations in 2004 for the NPOA for conservation and of sharks; -Final arrangements on the 2003 NPOA for of fishing capacity to be introduced to fishers in 2004 prior to implementation. Note all of these are movement forward but implementation is not occurring in many of the examples. Also contradiction may be seen to be occurring between intention and actual action. Negative incentives should be removed. Prevent use of subsidies by legislation It is important for tuna that these objectives are seen to be following guidelines of WCPFC in the future Tuna plan should be fishery specific Follow progress of NTMP and advocate for alignment with all WCPFC CMMs -MMAF (SDI) -P4KSDI -PUP -PSDKP -KTI -Stakeholder associations (ASTUIN, ATLI, -Agency of MAF in province and district, dll) -WWF
3.2.2 Fishery specific system: Decision making process 3.2.3 Fishery specific system: compliance and enforcement 3.2.4 Fishery specific system: research plan 3.2.5 Fishery specific system: monitoring and evaluation National consultation systems are in place through the Tuna Commission and FKPPS. These ensure that national actions are also designated to the Fisheries Management Areas. MMAF is also in the process of strengthening its decision-making systems. Decisions are now required to take account of scientific advice and monitoring processes are in place to ensure that conservation principles are followed. Incentives may be seen as distorting the application of policy. These have been subject to recent review and evidence suggests that negative incentives are likely to be eroded. Enforcement systems in Indonesia have been upgraded through provision of training to PSDKP officers, a strengthening of the penalty system and application of VMS to vessels > 30 GT. However, the compliance system for the tuna sector does not appear to have been tested. A clear research plan, harvest control rules and a structure needs to be developed to allow for monitoring of SSB, age structures, sex ratios, CPUE and habitat interactions. To allow flexibility in the application of measures, and to ensure compliance with objectives. A formal Management Plan peer review structure needs to be implemented, assuming that Management plans will become a feature in the future. -MSC risk analysis -Raise awareness of MCS rules, sanctions and compliance action among industry -Prepare report identifying violations detected - Explore a system of circulating day-to-day monitoring responsibilities among fishers - A TURF System is being explored. MDPI is currently developing some local village capacity as well as district groups. - Support workshops to increase industry awareness of MCS rules, sanctions and compliance actions -MMAF, -FKPPS -Tuna Commission -DKP Provinsi and District -BBRSE/KAPI - PSDKP - Agency of MAF in province and district -POKMASWAS