Name: Class: Date: Biology 11 - Chapter 31 Assignment True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Echinoderms exhibit their invertebrate heritage by their hard exoskeletons made of calcium carbonate, sometimes with spines. 2. Sea stars open bivalve mollusks by pushing their stomachs out of their mouths and spreading digestive juices over the shells. 3. Lancelets have separate sexes and internal fertilization. 4. The most diverse group of the class Osteichthyes is ray-finned fishes. 5. The class Mammalia is divided into three subgroups based on limb structure. 6. While inside their mother s pouch, marsupials get nourishment through an umbilical cord. 7. Coelacanths are a type of lobe-finned fish. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 8. Tunicates are sac-like, sessile marine animals that live in shallow water. Why are they classified as chordates? a. because they have a stiff outer covering b. because they have a notochord in their larval stage c. because they don t have tube feet d. because they have radial symmetry in their adult stage 9. Why do scientists think that echinoderms and chordates are closely related, even though they are structurally so different from one another? a. They are both marine animals. c. They are both deuterostomes. b. They are both coelomates. d. They both have nervous systems. 10. Which of the lists describes the function the water vascular system plays in echinoderms? a. locomotion, reproduction, circulation, respiration b. digestion, sensing, locomotion, reproduction c. digestion, locomotion, circulation, excretion d. locomotion, excretion, circulation, respiration 11. Which characteristic is not associated with the phylum Chordata? a. a coelom c. a notochord b. segmentation d. an exoskeleton 12. Water enters the water vascular system of an echinoderm through which structure? a. stone canal c. madreporite b. ampulla d. ring canal 1
Name: 13. Which of the following adaptations do adult lancelets and tunicates share? a. hermaphroditism to assist reproduction b. gill slits used for filter feeding c. a notochord to assist with locomotion d. a postanal tail for locomotion Figure 28-3 14. What is the result of the general progression of evolution from A to D in Figure 28-3? a. thinner legs are needed to stand in water b. legs moved under the body to hold the animal off the ground c. stronger legs are needed in order to swim d. the legs make it easier to move in a warm, wet climate 15. Which of the following is a characteristic of most amphibians? a. They breathe with gills throughout life. b. They have poisonous glands. c. They have dry, scaly skin. d. They begin life as aquatic organisms. 16. Which of the following features evolved first in fish? a. bones c. scales b. jaws d. swim bladder 17. A biologist finds a fish with a vertebral column, paired fins, and a swim bladder. How should the biologist classify this fish? a. bony fish c. jawless fish b. cartilaginous fish d. lobe-finned fish 2
Name: Figure 29-1 18. How does A contrast between the salamander and the crocodile shown in Figure 29-1? a. crocodile skin is warm blooded while salamander skin is cold blooded b. crocodile skin is wet and smooth while salamander skin is dry and scaly c. crocodile skin is dry and scaly while salamander skin is moist and smooth d. crocodile skin is moist and scaly while salamander skin is dry and smooth 19. What is one benefit to reptiles of having an amniotic egg? a. Their egg does not require oxygen. b. They can have external fertilization. c. Their eggs are protected by Jacobsen s organs. d. They do not have to return to the water to reproduce. 20. Which set of adaptations enable birds to fly? a. ectothermy, feathers, and lightweight bones b. endothermy, feathers, and lightweight bones c. ectothermy, feathers, and solid bones d. endothermy, feathers, and solid bones 21. Which of the following is evidence that birds and crocodiles have a common ancestor? a. they both have a one-chambered heart b. they both have a two-chambered heart c. they both have a three-chambered heart d. they both have a four-chambered heart 22. Which is the best explanation for why a lizard eats less than a similar-sized bird? a. Reptile eggs require less energy to produce than bird eggs. b. Bird feathers reduce energy loss. c. Ectothermic reptiles do not require energy to generate heat. d. Reptiles do not grow as quickly as birds. 23. Which path does inhaled air follow in a bird s respiratory system? a. trachea, lung, posterior air sacs, anterior air sacs b. trachea, posterior air sacs, lung, anterior air sacs c. trachea, lung, anterior air sacs, posterior air sacs d. trachea, posterior air sacs, anterior air sacs, lung 3
Name: Figure 30-1 24. Which of the skulls shown in Figure 30-1 belongs to an animal that does not hunt? a. A c. C b. B d. D 25. Which of these is a primary function of hair? a. insulation c. excretion b. gestation d. respiration 26. Which group of mammals is most similar to reptiles? a. marsupial c. placental b. monotreme d. primate Figure 30-2 27. A mammal that lives in the ocean would most likely have which forelimb in Figure 30-2? a. A c. C b. B d. D 4
Name: Short Answer 28. Compare the heart of a fish to the heart of an amphibian. Explain this difference in terms of amphibian ways of life. 29. How is being endothermic both an advantage and disadvantage for birds? 5