Patrick Harel Ph- 920-418-2714 pharel@capitalsafety.com The Worldwide Experts in Fall Protection Standards Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR 1910 and 1926 Governing Body Sets and enforces laws American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Z359 series various dates Voluntary compliance board Sets guidelines for the manufacture of equipment Authorized Person OSHA Definitions A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or duties or to be at a specific location or locations at the jobsite. Competent Person One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Qualified Person One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. 1
Do I really need Fall Protection? You've carefully thought out all the angles. Nothing could possibly go wrong and it wouldn t happen to me anyway. You've done it a thousand times. You know what you're doing, its what you've been trained to do your whole life. Think Again! 2
Fall Protection in the 21 st Century Motivators OSHA 1926.502 Sub-part M ANSI Liability & Due Diligence Insurance Ensuring every worker gets home safely! 3
Statistics BLS Records: An estimated 212,760 workers were seriously injured by falls to the same or lower level. Falls caused 668 U.S. workplace deaths in 2012 Falls remain the #1 cause of workplace deathin the construction industry Falls account for more than 30% of the total cost of occupational injuries Statistics 2012 OSHA Violations 1. Fall Protection = 7,250 2. Hazard Communication = 4,696 3. Scaffolding = 3814 4. Respiratory Protection = 2,371 5. Ladders = 2,310 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Summary, 2012 Fatal falls, slips, or trips took the lives of 668 workers in 2012 Falls to lower level Slips/Trips Falls to a lower level accounted for 544 or about 81% of those fatalities 4
Summary 2012 Fall Heights Falls by Industry 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 2012 2007 2005 2003 50 0 Fall Protection is needed when OSHA Says Working at6 ft.or higher (Construction) Working at4 ft.or higher(general Industry) If there is a hazard below you 5
Primary vs. Secondary Protection Work Positioning System OSHA 1926.502 (e) 2 ft. Free fall limit Anchorage requirement 3000 lbs. OSHA considers decent control/rescue systems same as work positioning Hierarchy of Fall Protection 1. Eliminate the Hazard 2. Passive Systems (Guardrails) 3. Fall Restraint 4. Fall Arrest 5. Administrative Controls 6
Engineering out the Hazard Passive Fall Protection Railing 42 +/-3 Guardrail 42 +/-3 Fall Restraint 7
Fall Arrest Aerial Work Platforms 8
Fall Arrest Considerations Clearance Freefall Rescue Energy Absorption Obstructions Site Personal Fall Considerations Swing Fall This limits to a 4 ft. drop Obstructions Fall Clearance Lanyards Measure from anchor point Formula LL + DD + HH + C = RD LL= Lanyard Length DD= Deceleration Distance HH= Height of Suspended Worker (Including Harness Stretch) C= Safety Factor RD= Required fall clearance Some competitors measure from working surface Conservative calculation 9
Fall Clearance This formula works regardless of where anchorage point is located- overhead, foot level, waist level. Deceleration is maximum amount per lanyard LL+DD+HH+C=RD 6 +4 +6 +1.5 = 17.5 Measurement uses anchorage point as the starting point D ring slide and harness stretch included in Height of worker Fall Clearance Self Retracting Devices (SRD s) (Class B) Measured from working surface Most SRD s use 6 ft. as the required fall clearance distance RD= TFD+HS+C = 3.5 +1 +1.5 = 6 Swing falls will add to required clearance. As you swing below anchor point, you get closer to the level below. PENDELUM Nano Fall Clearance Starts at 4 ft. 10
Components of a Fall Arrest System ANCHORS CONNECTORS BODY SUPPORT DESCENT/RESCUE Body Support 11
Belt vs. Harness OSHA 1926.502 (d): Effective Jan. 1, 1998, body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system... Proper Use of Belts OSHA 1926.502 (d): The use of a body belt in a positioning device system is acceptable Work Positioning Fall Restraint Full Body Harness ANSI Fall Arrest (always must have) OSHA 1926.502 (d) (16) (ii): Personal fall arrest systems shall limit the maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds (8 kn) when used with a body harness. 12
Other Harness Types Controlled Descent Escape & Evacuation Connectors Connectors include lanyards, snap-hooks, carabineers, deceleration devices such as SRD s, ladder climbing systems, vertical & horizontal lifelines and rope grabs OSHA says [1926.502(e)(5)]: Connecting assemblies shall have a minimum tensile strength of 5,000 lbs. (22 kn)." Hardware Snaphooks Carabineers Must be double acting, have 3600 rated gate, auto-locking (ANSI), rated for 5000 lbs. AND REMEMBER, you cannot connect a SNAPHOOK to a CARABINER!! 13
Incompatible Connections Many different types of lanyards Needs to be able to reduce energy from 5000 lbs force to 1800 lbs for OSHA and ANSI 900 lbs or less is very common with shock absorber Lanyards Shock Absorbers Remember: Always connect the shock pack to the Dorsal D-ring Make sure you are not exceeding the weight limit of the lanyard Never connect two lanyards together 14
Anchorages Anchorage Classes Certified (Engineered) Non-Certified (Improvised) 2 to 1 safety factor As low as 1800 lbs. for OSHA & ANSI Requires 5000 lbs Impact Force Anchors.5000 lbs. M.A.F. Maximum Arresting Force Strength and Stability 15
Anchorage Connectors Self Retracting Devices SRD/SRLs SRL - Self Retracting Lanyard SRD - Self Retracting Device Classes Class A: A class A SRD will stop the fall within 24 and ensure the forces are below 1350 lbs. Class B: a class B SRD will stop the fall within 54 and ensure that the forces are below 900 lbs. Types SRL-R: An SRD with some sort of rescue capability, this could be an incorporated winch or automatic descent capability. SRL-LE: An SRD that has been designed for a worker falling over an edge. Will have an integral external shock absorber. Will have a cable that can withstand a sharp edge. 16
New ANSI Sharp Edge Requirements Adhering to the most stringent safety standard - ANSI Z359.14 Must have an integral shock absorber. Must be tested to ensure the cable will not cut on an edge that is.005 in thickness. Must still retract and extend after a fall Locking function must still work after a fall Must maintain an average arresting force below 900 lbs. And a peak force below 1800lbs. The Nano-Lok edgeuses an innovative combination of lifeline material, energy absorption, and harness connection to reduce forces both on the worker and the edge. SRD -SHARP EDGES DEFEAT SHARP EDGES EVERY TIME Sharp edges are found in many leading edge applications where a traditional lifeline may be cut, shred or snap upon contact. FORCE SRD -FOOT LEVEL TIE-OFF Products not specifically designed for foot level tie-off can generate forces exceeding 1,800 lbs. (8kN), well beyond accepted safety parameters, in the event of a fall. The Nano-Lok edgecomponents work together to absorb the energy, limiting the average arresting forces to 900 lbs. (4kN) or less. 17
4/9/2015 SRD Use Tagline Impact Indicator Deployed Vertical Lifelines ANSI Z359 3.2.7.2.3 : 5,600 lbs. Min. breaking strength OSHA 1926.502 Subpart M, (D) (9): 5000 lbs. min breaking strength Fall Distance Calculations with VLL Freefall: 6 feet (with 3 lanyard) Fall Arrester Lock off: 3.5 feet Energy Absorber Deployment: 4 feet D-Ring Slide: 1 foot Lifeline Stretch: See below 18
Manual Rope Grabs Roof Work Rope Grabs & Fall Arrestors Manual Automatic Ladder Safety Systems 19
Horizontal Lifeline Anchorages Fh >> Fv Fh Fh Fv Horizontal Lifelines Temporary OSHA 1926.502 (d) (8): Horizontal lifelines shall be designed, installed, and used, under the supervision of a QUALIFIED PERSON, as part of a complete personal fall arrest system, which maintains a safety factor of at least two. Permanent Clearance Requirements for Temporary Horizontal Lifelines Clearance measured from bottom of workers feet. 20
4/9/2015 Horizontal Rigid Rails Rescue Plan? Some Days all you can do is smile and wait for some kind soul to come pull your butt out of the bind you ve gotten yourself into! THANK YOU! 21