MANOEUVRING BOOKLET V.6 Mathematical model of VLCC (Dis.769t) bl. Version: v Dll Version:.3.558 According : Solas II-, regulation 8.3 St. Petersburg 6
. GENERAL DESCRIPTION.. Ships particulars... Ships name: VLCC (Dis.769t) bl. version v... Displacement: 769 t Deadweight ---..3. LOA: 33. m Breadth (Moulded): 58. m LBP: 3. m Depth (Moulded): 33. m Extreme height of the ships structure: 67. m Draft middle in Ballast: 9.7 m (measured from keel) Hull coefficient:.7 Longitudinal metacenter height: 88.3 m Distance from middle frame gravity center in stern: 3.3 m Transverse metacenter height: 8.7 m Distance from base plane gravity center: 6. m..4. Main Engine Type: DIESEL Number of units: Power output: 3493 kw Remote control system modes: Normal, Emergency..5. Propeller Type: FPP Diameter: 9.7 m Number of units: Propeller immersion: 5.6 m Direction of rotation: RIGHT Pitch ratio:.67..6. Rudder Type: NORMAL BALANCE Number of units: Rudder area ratio: 69. % Number of pumps: Effect. rudder area Total rudder area: 9.4 sq. ( ) Total rudder area m Max. rudder angle: 35 Neutral rudder angle for Full Sea Ahead:. (stbd)..7. Bow and Stern Thrusters Type: --- Number of units (bow): Number of units (stern): Bow thruster capacity: - Stern thruster capacity: - Bow thruster location: - Stern thruster location: - (Distance from middle frame thruster axle)
..8. Bow and Astern Profiles Bow profile: Bulbous Astern profile: Transom VLCC (Dis.769t) bl., v..9. Bow And Stern Anchors Bow Anchor(s) Stern Anchor Type: Hall's Type: --- Weight: 3. kg Weight: --- Number of Anchors: Number of Anchors: --- Chain Gauge:. Chain Gauge: --- Number of shackle: 8 Number of shackle: --- Max.rate of heaving:.3 m/s Max.rate of heaving: --- Blind Zones (not drawn scale) 6 (D). (C) 8.5 (A) 74 (B) (A) Draft (bow) 8.5 m (B) Blind zone (bow) 74 m (C) Draft (stern). m (D) Blind zone (stern) 6 m 3
Other hull particulars 79. (A) 53. (B) 34.7 (C) 58. (D) (A) Distance from stern bridge wing 79. m (B) Distance from bridge wing bow 53. m (C) Length of waterline 34.7 m (D) Width of waterline 58. m Extreme height 67. m 86.5 (E) (E) Length of parallel mid body 86.5 m 4
.. Characteristics of Main Engine Engine order Propeller RPM Speed, Knots Power, Pitch (A) (B) (A) (B) kw (A) ratio Full Sea Ahead 78 76 7. 5. 379.67 Full Ahead 7 7 5.8 4.4 766.67 Half Ahead 64 63 4. 3. 349.67 Slow Ahead 45 45 9.9 9.5 498.67 Dead Slow Ahead 7 7 5.9 5.7 96.67 Dead Slow Astern -8-7 -3. -.9 988.67 Slow Astern -38-38 -4.3-3. 574.67 Half Astern -48-48 -4.9-3.8 9783.67 Full Astern -55-55 -5.7-4.3 5475.67 (A) Deep water, Water depth m (B) Shallow water, Water depth draft ratio. Min RPM: Speed at min RPM: 4.8 knots Maximum No. of consecutive starts (diesel engine) Time taken effect changes in Engine Telegraph Settings Time Taken (min-s) Change in Engine Telegraph Settings Normal Emergency From Full Sea Ahead Full Astern 8-3 4-4 From Full Ahead Full Astern 3-55 3-5 From Half Ahead Full Astern -3-4 From Slow Ahead Full Astern -3-5 From Dead Slow Ahead Full Astern - -3 From Full Sea Ahead Sp -36 7-7 From Full Ahead Sp 6-8 6-8 From Half Ahead Sp 4-5 4-5 From Slow Ahead Sp -3-3 From Dead Slow Ahead Sp - - 5
Yawing..6 Rudder..9 Count Rud..9 Speed Synch Gyro Rud Lim 5..max Off Course 5..3 RoT 5..max 5 5 Log - 35 5 4 /min.3. Aupilot settings Sensitive (-): 5 Max course: 5 Max rudder angle: 35 Yaw rate: 4 /min Adaptive: No 6
. MANOEUVRING CHARACTERISTICS IN DEEP WATER Advance, cbls.. Course change performance Full Sea Ahead Initial turning test results 6 degrees rudder 5 degrees rudder 4 35 degrees rudder 3 7. knots 3 4 5 6 Transfer, cbls - Environmental conditions during test Wind direction Wind speed Sea state Depth of water, m... 7
Table of course change test results VLCC (Dis.769t) bl., v Full Sea Ahead, degrees of rudder Change of Heading, deg Time from W/O, min-s Speed after turn, knots Rate of turn, deg/min Advance, cbls Transfer, cbls -4 6.8 7.7.86.5-59 6.3 34.9.73.8 3-5 5.7 37. 3.43.38 4-3 4.9 36.6 4.7.68 5-48 4. 35. 4.6.5 6-6 3.5 33.7 5..5 7-4.9 3.4 5.49.5 8-43.3 3. 5.78.64 9 3-.8 3. 5.97 3.7 3-.3 9.3 6.4 3.9 3-43.9 8.5 6. 4.55 4-4.6 7.8 5.86 5.6 3 4-6. 7. 5.6 5.74 4 4-49. 6.6 5.7 6.7 5 5-9.7 6. 4.85 6.7 6 5-35 9.5 5.6 4.35 7.9 7 5-58 9.3 5. 3.8 7.37 8 6-9. 4.8 3.3 7.55 7-8..7 -.87 4.9 36 4-5 7.7.8.69.9 8
Full Sea Ahead, degrees of rudder Change of Heading, deg Time from W/O, min-s Speed after turn, knots Rate of turn, deg/min Advance, cbls Transfer, cbls -9 6.7 39.7.37. -43 6. 47.6.98. 3-55 5.3 46.8.5.3 4-9 4.4 43.7 3..45 5-3 3.4 4. 3.48.73 6-38.6 38.9 3.88.9 7-54.8 37. 4.3.5 8 -. 35.3 4.48.96 9-8.5 33.8 4.66.45-46 9.9 3.5 4.75.95 3-5 9.4 3.3 4.75 3.46 3-4 9. 3. 4.66 3.95 3 3-44 8.6 9. 4.5 4.4 4 4-5 8. 8.3 4.6 4.83 5 4-7 7.9 7.5 3.96 5. 6 4-49 7.6 6.7 3.6 5.5 7 5-7.3 6. 3.9 5.75 8 5-35 7. 5.5.76 5.9 7 9-3 5.9.4 -.45 4. 36 3-3 5.5.3.9. 9
Full Sea Ahead, 35 degrees of rudder Change of Heading, deg Time from W/O, min-s Speed after turn, knots Rate of turn, deg/min Advance, cbls Transfer, cbls -5 6.6 55.8.8. -35 5.8 6..6.6 3-45 4.8 56..4.5 4-57 3.7 5.4.47.3 5-9.5 45.9.86.53 6-3.5 4.5 3..8 7-37.5 39.8 3.5.3 8-53 9.7 37.5 3.75.49 9-9 9. 35.5 3.9.88-7 8.3 33.6 4..9-45 7.7 3.8 4.5.69 3-4 7. 3.3 4. 3.8 3 3-5 6.7 8.9 3.9 3.47 4 3-46 6.3 7.8 3.75 3.8 5 4-8 6. 6.7 3.54 4. 6 4-3 5.7 5.8 3.8 4.39 7 4-54 5.4 5..99 4.6 8 5-9 5. 4.4.67 4.76 7 9-7 4..6.8 3.79 36 3-3 3.7.9..49
Terms used Wheel over position (W/O) Advance Transfer Tactical diameter The point at which the change of course is initiated. The distance which the ship has moved in the direction of the initial heading. The distance which the ship has moved perpendicular the initial heading. Transfer at 8 change of heading.
.. Turning circles in deep water Full Sea Ahead Advance, cbls 4 3 min 9 s 9. knots 5 min 9 s 5. knots 3 min 3 s 3.7 knots 9 min 7 s 4. knots 7. knots 3 4 Transfer, cbls - Maximum rudder angle used throughout turn Tactical diameter: 4.8 cbls Transfer at 9 :.9 cbls Advance at 9 : 3.9 cbls Environmental conditions during Manoeuvring Trial Wind direction Wind speed Sea state Depth of water, m...
.3. Accelerating turn Advance, cbls.5.5 5 min 4 s.5 knots min 5 s 3. knots. knots - -.5.5.5.5 3 3.5 Transfer, cbls -.5 min 7 s 3. knots - -.5 5 min 7 s 3. knots - -.5 Maximum rudder angle used throughout turn Full Ahead ordered Tactical diameter:.6 cbls Transfer at 9 :.6 cbls Advance at 9 :. cbls Environmental conditions during Manoeuvring Trial Wind direction Wind speed Sea state Depth of water, m... 3
.4. Yaw checking test VLCC (Dis.769t) bl., v Zigzag (or Kempf) manoeuvre The manoeuvre provides a qualitative measure of the effectiveness of the rudder initiate and check changes of heading. The manoeuvre is performed in the following manner. With the ship steaming at a uniform speed and on a constant heading a nominal rudder angle, say degrees, is applied as quickly and as smoothly as possible and held constant until the ships heading has changed by degrees (check angle) from the base course. At this point degrees of opposite rudder is applied and held until the ship s heading has crossed the base course and is degrees in the opposite direction, the rudder is then reversed as before. This procedure is repeated until the ship s head has passed through the base course 5 times. During the manoeuvre the ship s heading and rudder angle are recorded continuously. Zigzag (or Kempf) Manoeuvre: Ship s Heading and Rudder Angle against Time Heading, deg Rudder, deg Port 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time, s Stbd 3 Rudder angle deg Initial speed 7. kts Check angle deg Full Sea Ahead Swing time 87 s Overshoot time 44 s Overshoot angle deg Period 36 s 4
Terms used VLCC (Dis.769t) bl., v Zigzag (or Kempf) manoeuvre 5
Pull out manoeuvre The pull out manoeuvre was developed as a simple test give a quick indication of a ship s course stability. The ship is held on steady course and at a steady speed. A rudder angle of approximately degrees is applied and the ship allowed achieve a steady rate of turn; at this point the rudder is returned midships. If the ship is stable the rate of turn will decay zero for turns both port and starboard. If the ship has a steering bias, then port and starboard turns will decay the same small rate of turn on whichever hand the bias exists. If the ship is unstable then the rate of turn will reduce some residual rate of turn. Rate of turn deg/min 5 Port 5 Time, s 4 6 8 4 5 Stbd 5 Initial speed 7. kts Unstable Ship Full Sea Ahead Rudder at zero time returned CLP 6
.5. Man-overboard and parallel course manoeuvres Williamson Turn shown (Full Sea Ahead) cbls cbls VLCC (Dis.769t) bl., v 8 8 min 3 s AuPilot turned ON 7 7 min 8 s AuPilot turned ON 6 6 5 5 4 4 min 5 s 8 deg 3 3 min 5 s 8 deg cbls -5-4 -3 - - 3 4 5 cbls 9 min - s - 9 min s Initial Speed 7. knots Forward reach: 8.35 cbls Forward reach: 8.33 cbls Lateral transfer: 5.67 cbls Lateral transfer: 5.6 cbls Lateral shift:.3 cbls Lateral shift:.8 cbls Parallel course manoeuvre (Full Sea Ahead) Advance, cbls 4 3 Elapsed time 4 min 3 s AuPilot turned ON Elapsed time 7 min 7 s Initial Speed 7. knots 3 Transfer, cbls - 7
Terms used VLCC (Dis.769t) bl., v Williamson Turn shown Parallel course manoeuvre 8
3. STOPPING AND SPEED CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS IN DEEP WATER 3.. Spping ability Track reach, 9-56 -..5 4-5 5. 8-54 -. -6 7.7-37 6..5 6-4. 7-33 8.7 4-3.6 4-3..5-5 4.9-4 3.4-7. Full Sea Ahead Full Astern - 5.8 Full Ahead Full Astern From Full Sea Ahead Full Astern Initial rpm Final rpm Initial Speed, knots Final Speed, knots Track reach, Head reach, Side reach, Final course, deg 78.39-5.9 7...738.738.38 From Full Ahead Full Astern Initial rpm Final rpm Initial Speed, knots Final Speed, knots Track reach, Head reach, Side reach, Final course, deg 7.4-5.9 5.8..444.444.375 9
Track reach, 9-56 -. Spping ability ( Full Astern).5 4-5 5. 8-54 -. -6 7.7-37 6. 7-8 -..5 6-4. 7-33 8.7 8-5 6.9-57 -. 4-3.6 4-3. 5-9.4 8-4 4.8.5-5 4.9-4 3.4 -.8 3-8 7.5-7. - 5.8-4. - 9.9 Full Sea Ahead Full Astern Full Ahead Full Astern Half Ahead Full Astern Slow Ahead Full Astern To Full Astern from: Track Reach, Head Reach, Side Reach, Time required, min-s Final course, deg Full Sea Ahead.738.738.38 9-56 Full Ahead.444.444.375 8-54 Half Ahead.89.89.376 7-8 Slow Ahead.96.96.364-57
Track reach, 7 6 4-46. 76-4.7 Spping ability ( Sp) Final speed is knot 3-37. 87-5.5 -. -3. 6-55. 5 48-4.7 54-5.4 63-. 4 3-6 4. 34-9 3.6 39-7 3. 58-49. 3 8-6. -8 5.3 3-4.6 34-5 3. 9-45 8.8-54 7.8-4 6.8 8-8 4.6 4-3.6 4-3.3 5-6. 7-4 6.7-7. - 5.8-4. - 9.9 Full Sea Ahead Sp Full Ahead Sp Half Ahead Sp Slow Ahead Sp To Sp from: Track Reach, Head Reach, Side Reach, Time required, min-s Final course, deg Full Sea Ahead 7.57 7.57.6 4-46 Full Ahead 6.738 6.738. 3-37 Half Ahead 6.38 6.38. - Slow Ahead 5.35 5.35. 6-55 AUTOPILOT is turned on (AuPilot off at speed kts or course error > 3 5 ) Engine mode at manoeuvres "Full Sea Ahead Full Astern", "Full Sea Ahead Sp" is Emergency. Engine mode at other manoeuvres is Normal Environmental conditions during Manoeuvring Trial Wind direction Wind speed Sea state Depth of water, m...
Track reach,.5 3.. Deceleration performance 3-44. - 6. 7-35 6. 8-3 4. -.5 5-37 6.4.5 5-6 6. 6-4.5 7-. -6 6.9 3-35 6.4 3-56 4.8 4-4.7 6-57 7.6.5-46 6.7-56 5. -5.7 3-5 8.6-7. - 5.8-4. - 9.9 Full Sea Ahead Full Ahead Full Ahead Half Ahead Half Ahead Slow Ahead Slow Ahead Dead Slow Ahead Engine orders Track Reach, Time required, min-s Final course, deg Full Sea Ahead Full Ahead.78 7-35 Full Ahead Half Ahead.9 8-3 Half Ahead Slow Ahead.68 3-44 Slow Ahead Dead Slow Ahead.56 - AUTOPILOT is turned on Engine mode at manoeuvre "Full Sea Ahead Full Ahead" is Emergency. Engine mode at other manoeuvres is Normal
3.3. Acceleration performance Track reach, 4.5 5-6.9 4 3-6 6.7 3.5-7 6.3 3 9-36 5.9.5 7-4 5. 5-37 4..5 3-5.8-53.8.5 7-39 7.7 -. Sp Full Sea Ahead Full Sea Ahead ordered Speed, knots Track reach, Time, min-s Course, deg..3-56 4..8 3-5 6..95 5-5 8..535 7-55..85 -..67-7 4..96 5-6 6. 3.7-6.9 4.484 5-.8.34-9 AUTOPILOT is turned on Engine mode is Emergency 3
3.4. Spping ability Track reach,.5 6-6 -. 7-55 -. -55 5.3-4 5.9.75 8-34 7.4 9-5 7.4.5 6-47 9.4 7-33 8.7.5 5-9. 5-57 9.9 4-3.5 4-3..75-54 3.7 3-4.3.5-5 4.9-4 3.4.5-53 6.3-59 4.6-7. Full Sea Ahead Full Astern - 5.8 Full Ahead Full Astern From Full Sea Ahead Full Astern Initial rpm Final rpm Initial Speed, knots Final Speed, knots Track reach, Head reach, Side reach, Final course, deg 78.39-5.8 7...7.756.8487 9 From Full Ahead Full Astern Initial rpm Final rpm Initial Speed, knots Final Speed, knots Track reach, Head reach, Side reach, Final course, deg 7.4-5.84 5.8..367.83.339 65 4
Track reach,.5 6-6 -. Spping ability ( Full Astern) 7-55 -. -55 5.3-4 5.9 6-3 -..75 8-34 7.4 9-5 7.4-6 4.9.5 6-47 9.4 7-33 8.7 8-53 6.8.5 5-9. 5-57 9.9 6-53 8. - -. 4-3.5 4-3. 5-9.4 8-9 4.4.75-54 3.7 3-4.3 3-4.6 5-4 6..5-5 4.9-4 3.4 -.8 3-8 7.5.5-53 6.3-59 4.6-7.9-36 8.7-7. - 5.8-4. - 9.9 Full Sea Ahead Full Astern Full Ahead Full Astern Half Ahead Full Astern Slow Ahead Full Astern To Full Astern from: Track Reach, Head Reach, Side Reach, Time required, min-s Final course, deg Full Sea Ahead.7.756.8487 6-6 9 Full Ahead.367.83.339 7-55 65 Half Ahead.976.896.8657 6-3 69 Slow Ahead.66.4.497-5 5
Track reach, 4 6-9. Spping ability ( Sp) Final speed is knot 63-. 63-47. 3.5 39-4.6 37-33.8 4-7.7 65-56. 3 5-4.6 4-3.9 7-7.7 39-.9.5 6-3 4. 6-9 4.6 8-5 4. 6-3 3. -8 6.5-3 7. -3 6.3 8-4.4.5 6-44 9.7 7-5 9.5 8-4 8. - 5.5 4-3.5 4-3.3 5-6. 7-4 6.7.5-5 4.9-4 3.4 -.8 3-8. - 7. - 5.8-4. - 9.9 Full Sea Ahead Sp Full Ahead Sp Half Ahead Sp Slow Ahead Sp Sp from: Track Reach, Head Reach, Side Reach, Time required, min-s Final course, deg Full Sea Ahead 3.965.688.5645 6-9 66 Full Ahead 4.7.9.8443 63- Half Ahead 3.984.365.434 63-47 Slow Ahead 3.66.96.63 65-56 76 AUTOPILOT is turned off Engine mode at manoeuvres "Full Sea Ahead Full Astern", "Full Sea Ahead Sp" is Emergency. Engine mode at other manoeuvres is Normal Environmental conditions during Manoeuvring Trial Wind direction Wind speed Sea state Depth of water, m... 6
Track reach,.6.4 3.5. Deceleration performance 7-3. 6-53.4-48 6. -7 6.8. 3-5 6. 4-34 4. 3-57 4.6 5-46. 4-43.6 8-34 7. 6-57 7.6.8-5 6.5 3-8 4.9 3-4. 5-5 8..6-8 6.6-5. -43.5 3-57 8.4.4-5 6.8-33 5.3-47 3. -34 8.9. -4 7. -46 5.6-5 3.5-5 9.4-7. - 5.8-4. - 9.9 Full Sea Ahead Full Ahead Full Ahead Half Ahead Half Ahead Slow Ahead Slow Ahead Dead Slow Ahead Engine orders Track Reach, Time required, min-s Final course, deg Full Sea Ahead Full Ahead.67 3-5 9 Full Ahead Half Ahead.47 4-34 3 Half Ahead Slow Ahead.485 7-3 4 Slow Ahead Dead Slow Ahead.67-48 43 AUTOPILOT is turned off Engine mode at manoeuvre "Full Sea Ahead Full Ahead" is Emergency. Engine mode at other manoeuvres is Normal 7
3.6. Acceleration performance Track reach,.5 8-.3 6-9..75 5-9..5 3-48.9.5-6.6 -..75 9-6 9..5 7-4 7.7.5 5-4 5.5 -. Sp Full Sea Ahead Full Sea Ahead ordered Speed, knots Track reach, Time, min-s Course, deg..3-56 4..8 3-5 4 6..97 5-53 8..55 8-3..976-5 54.3.36 8-8 7..4-4 3 8..6-5 9..96-7 3.6.537 4-59 8 AUTOPILOT is turned off Engine mode is Emergency 8
4. MANOEUVRING CHARACTERISTICS IN SHALLOW WATER 4.. Turning circle in shallow water (rudder set 35 deg) Advance, cbls 6 5 4 min s 7.6 knots 4 8 min 46 s 5. knots 3 min 4 s 4. knots 4 min 7 s 4.3 knots 3. knots 3 4 5 Transfer, cbls - Maximum rudder angle used throughout turn Water depth draft ratio. Tactical diameter: 6.5 cbls Transfer at 9 : 3. cbls Advance at 9 : 6. cbls Half Ahead 9
Squat m.7 4.. Squat Shallow water Stern Bow.6.5.4.3.. Speed, knots 4 6 8 4 6 Water depth draft ratio. 3
5. MANOEUVRING CHARACTERISTICS IN WIND 5.. Wind lateral forces and yaw moments (estimated) Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots.. knots.. 3 knots.. Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots.9 456. knots 43.5 8.6 3 knots 97. 3974. Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots -.9-456. knots -43.5-8.6 3 knots -97. -3974. Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots.6-7.3 knots 8. -9.4 3 knots 85. -46. Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots -.6 7.3 knots -8. 9.4 3 knots -85. 46. Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots.9-57.9 knots 5.7-85.9 3 knots 4.7-496.3 Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots -.9 57.9 knots -5.7 85.9 3 knots -4.7 496.3 Wind speed Force, t Moment, tm knots. -. knots. -. 3 knots. -. 3
Relative wind direction, deg 5.. Course keeping limitation at Deep water Rudder amount required maintain course at following wind speeds, deg; Full Ahead 5 knots 3 knots 45 knots 6 knots..3.3.4 45 -.7 -.9-7. -. 9 -. -5. -.8 -. 35 -.5-3. -7.6-4.8 8.... 5.9 3.7 9. 6.5 7.6 5.8.5. 35. 3.4 7.4.3 5.3. Drifting under wind influence Drifting behaviour under wind influence (Sp) Wind speed, knots Direction of drift, deg Rate of drift, knots 78.53 78.6 3 78.59 4 78. 5 78.66 6 78 3.9 Rate of drift (ship speed) Wind Direction of drift Drifting under wind influence In Table 5. steady direction and rate of ship drift under wind influence are presented. Direction of drift is determined relativity wind direction. 3
6. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 33