FALL PROTECTION SAFETY PROGRAM

FALL PROTECTION SAFETY PROGRAM Safety Services Health & Safety University of California, Davis Version 1.0

Revision History Fall Prevention Program Version: 1.0 Approved by: Andrew Majewski Next Review: EH&S Manager: H&S/Hazmat Manager Andrew Majewski, CIH, COHC Author: Robert Wachter, PE CSP Signature: Date: 2/14/17 Signature: Date: 2/14/17 Version Date Approved Author Revision Notes: 1.0 2/14/17 Robert Wachter Document created. i

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction... 1 A. Overview... 1 B. Purpose... 2 C. Applicability and Scope... 3 II. Program Requirements and Procedures... 3 A. Introduction... 3 B. Program Roles and Responsibilities... 4 C. Training Requirements... 6 D. Record Keeping Requirements... 7 III. Equipment Requirements... 7 A. Selection and of Equipment... 7 B. Fall Protection Rescue Plan... 8 IV. Types of Fall Protection Equipment... 8 A. FPE System Elements... 8 B. Fall Arrest System... 9 C. Positioning and Restraint System... 11 D. Suspension System... 11 E. Retrieval System... 12 F. Harnesses... 12 G. Connectors... 13 H. Anchors... 16 I. Accessories and their Uses... 17 J. Fall Protection Systems... 17 V. Equipment Inspection and Testing... 18 A. Harness and Body Belt Inspection... 18 B. Lanyard Inspection... 19 C. Self-Retracting Lifeline Inspection... 20 D. Lanyard Retraction and Tension Test... 21 E. Braking Test... 22 ii

F. Retrieval Mode Test... 22 VI. Cleaning and Storing Equipment... 23 A. Basics of Cleaning... 23 B. Rope Lanyards and Shock Absorbers... 23 C. Retractable Lanyards... 23 D. Ropes... 23 Appendix A... 25 Appendix B... 31 Appendix C... 32 Appendix D... 34 Appendix E... 35 iii

FALL PROTECTION SAFETY PROGRAM I. Introduction A. Overview This Fall Protection Safety Program applies to all departments on campus, off-campus, and leased properties where any type of activities could result in injuries from falls. Falling while performing work tasks can happen anywhere in the workplace, indoors, or outdoors. Falls from heights are among the leading causes of serious work-related injuries and deaths. Fall Protection, and establishing appropriate departmental fall prevention plans, are life safety issues. There are over 200,000 serious (i.e. lost work days) injuries, and 345 fatalities annually amongst workers in the U.S. Falls can happen in a variety of ways: working on roofs, working on top of equipment, falls through skylights or hatches, falls off equipment inside a building, falls from ladders or aerial lifts, and falls from ramps or docks. As a California employer, fall protection is required for employee safety by providing: Guardrails at locations > 30 inches height on open sides of unenclosed elevated work locations (roof openings, open and glazed sides of landings, balconies, platforms, runways, ramps, or working levels). Contact Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S) regarding some exceptions to this regulation. Guardrails on unprotected sides of elevated work locations (not buildings or building structures) where an employee is exposed to a fall of 4 feet. Fall Protection Equipment (FPE: fall arrest, restraint or positioning systems) for employees to use when working: o Within15 feet of the perimeter of a structure, unprotected sides and edges, leading edges, through shaft ways and openings. o Sloped roof surfaces steeper than 7:12. o Other sloped surfaces steeper than 40 degrees not otherwise adequately protected. Safety nets at > 6 feet when the use of FPE or more conventional types of protection is clearly impractical. 1

Controlled access zones or employees in fall restraint/ arrest connected to anchorages (tieoffs) at locations where work is within 15 feet of a leading edge. Lanyard connections for fall restraint only when working in elevated work platforms and aerial devices (i.e. articulating booms or scissor lifts). Fall arrest if working at heights greater than 15 feet on powered platforms and equipment for building maintenance. Scaffolds provided for all work that cannot be done safely by employees standing on permanent or solid construction at least 20 inches wide unless work can be safely done from ladders. Ladder safety training on the selection, inspection and safe use of ladders. Note: For employees working from ladders, fall injury prevention begins by departments complying with UC Davis Policy and Procedure 290-88 and complying with the Cal/OSHA fall protection regulations. This Fall Protection program is provided so individual departments can establish their own Fall Protection Plan (Appendix A). The department Fall Protection Plan must be based on this program s requirements by: 1. Assigning roles and responsibilities. 2. Identifying, assessing, and analyzing the workplaces for fall hazards. 3. Managing and monitor the plan and program. 4. Ensuring employee safety and compliance. 5. Purchasing American National Standards Institute (ANSI)-certified equipment. 6. Installing ANSI certified and PE-stamped & approved fall protection systems. 7. Establishing safe work practices. 8. Training employees as authorized users and competent persons. 9. Training employee on ladders and aerial lift equipment. 10. Establishing and procuring the required fall protection equipment and systems (anchors, lifelines, etc.) needed to keep employees safe. B. Purpose The Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2014 shows that slips, trips, and falls resulted in 27% of all disabling work injuries, and 647 deaths (14%) from fatal falls. A person falls from 10 feet at a rate 2

of speed of 17 mph. The impact of the fall is equivalent to 4,000 pounds being placed on the body. At 25 feet, the rate of speed is 27 mph, and the impact to the body is equivalent to 10,000 pounds, or 5 tons. Injuries from falls also include sprains, strains, bruises, contusions, fractures, and lacerations. Injuries from falls can be avoided with training on the proper use of Fall Protection Equipment (FPE). The incorrect use of FPE poses physical hazards that could result in permanent injury or death to the wearer when used without adequate preparation for rescue after a fall. This program details roles and responsibilities, procedures, equipment use, inspection, purchase and condition, use and inspection of equipment, safe work practices, training requirements, and record keeping. C. Applicability and Scope There are two types of FPE: primary and secondary. Primary FPE refers to stationary objects that prevent falls, including guardrails, floors, ramps, platforms, and lifts or scaffolding. Secondary FPE refers to systems and devices attached to structures, whose sole use is for fall protection (i.e. life lines, and anchorages), and that also attaches to the user (i.e., lanyards, harnesses, elbow straps, etc.). This program primarily applies to secondary FPE worn by the user, and also to any activities being conducted in elevated locations by University personnel where fall hazards that require wearing FPE for protection are part of research or work activities. This includes contract employees and graduate students performing research-related activities in field stations, and remote research facilities. II. Program Requirements and Procedures A. Introduction Each departmental Fall Protection program must include the following: Hazard Assessment: Assessing fall hazard risks within the department. Hazard Mitigation: Ensuring these hazards are mitigated purchasing proper FPE, and that the FPE used in the department are code-compliant and appropriate for the needed safework tasks. 3

Equipment Selection: Selecting FPE that fits properly, adjusts easily, and is comfortable. In addition, ensuring lanyard attachment points are appropriate for use in fall positioning, arrest, or restraint. Harnesses: Ensuring employees are trained, and that each authorized user inspects their harnesses prior to use. Training: Training on the details and contents of this program, including safe work rules for FPE use, inspections, etc. Training must be conducted for new employees before assignment, and at least every three years for existing authorized users on the use of equipment, and of the requirements under the departmental Fall Protection program. Equipment Storage and Cleaning: Ensuring employee harnesses are stored in an orderly, secure, and clean location, and are consistently cleaned for use. Inspection: Ensuring a competent person inspects all harnesses and each device semiannually (Appendix C). Coordination with EH&S: Consulting with the EH&S Fall Protection program specialists, as needed, to assess proper FPE use and program specifications. EH&S Requirements: Providing fall protection safety training or equipment training, as requested, by a competent person to all department personnel using FPE. EH&S will perform FPE system inspections (i.e., lifelines and anchor points) semi-annually. Auditing: Auditing departmental compliance with the program, periodically. Notification: Informing EH&S when new hazards are identified, or equipment is purchased, so it can be reviewed. Rescue Plan: Developing a written rescue plan. Compliance: Ensuring compliance with Cal/OSHA requirements and related standards (Appendix D). B. Program Roles and Responsibilities 1. Department The department will identify fall hazards and activities in their workplace, and build primary FPE, such as guardrails, fall barriers, edge protection, etc. into hazardous areas to prevent a fall. When a hazard cannot be eliminated, or engineering controls cannot be applied, FPE is used for personnel in a Department s operations / facilities. 4

The department owning or exposing personnel to fall hazards is responsible for the selection of the proper fall protection equipment based upon a hazard analysis of work tasks. In addition, Owner Departments must provide training to personnel who use the equipment, keep the records of training completed, and schedule semi-annual inspections of all FPE under their ownership. The department has assigned a Fall Protection Program Administrator to manage the program for the department. 2. Fall Protections Program Administrator The Fall Protections Program Administrator must be a trained competent person per Cal/OSHA and ANSI Z359 Standards and understand the language of fall protection (Appendix E). The main responsibility is establishing in the departmental fall protection plan and which employee(s) are responsible for: 1. Assuring work tasks are evaluated for hazards, and work tasks requiring FPE are identified. 2. Providing alternative access when a fall protection Equipment (FPE) user determines use of FPE can be avoided by providing other means of access, or workspace operations such as a scaffolding, lift pods, or a bucket truck. 3. Establishing a general rescue plan, and including its correlation to specific FPE sites. 4. Notifying EH&S when new equipment is purchased so it can be inspected by a certified FPE inspector, and added to the department FPE inventory. 5. Scheduling semi-annual inspections with EH&S by an FPE inspector for all FPE in their control or ownership. 6. Rendering equipment unusable and disposing of any FPE deemed as unsafe as determined by an FPE inspector, or the person using the equipment. 7. Keeping attendance records of all training. 8. Assuring FPE purchased and used in the department are code-compliant, and appropriate for the needed safe work tasks. 9. Consulting with the EH&S Fall Protection Program Manager, as needed, to assess proper FPE use and procurement specifications. 10. Coordinating with EH&S to provide fall protection safety training, or providing FPE training themselves (by JSA or other presentation), to all department personnel who use FPE. In either case, training must detail the contents of this program including FPE user s safe work rules, inspections, etc. 5

11. Periodically auditing departmental compliance with the program. 3. Authorized Users of Fall Protection Equipment FPE users are required to follow safe work procedures as outlined in this program, to alert the department manager whenever damaged equipment is discovered, and to follow the safe work practices developed by the department concerning fall protection use. FPE users: 1. Are trained on safe use of FPE. 2. Understand the department s rescue plan, and when it applies to their work activities. 3. Always select, inspect, and use FPE in a safe manner. 4. Alert Owner Department management when FPE has any damage or weakness requiring repair or replacement. 5. Assess planned work to determine if FPE should be worn, and seek alternative access or work methods to avoid the use of FPE, whenever possible. 6. Refuse to do unsafe work using FPE.I Instead, use other methods of access such as a scaffolding, lift pods, or a bucket truck and thus avoid the need to use FPE. 4. Environmental Health and Safety Environmental Health & Safety: Works with UC Davis Risk Management, FPE manufacturers, and the department to determine proper fall protection systems, equipment selection, use, stocking, and safe work practices unique to the Owner Department s work activities. Performs and documents semi-annual inspections of fall protection systems (i.e., lifelines). Maintains campus inventory database of FPE, and inspection records. Provides training to assist departments in fall protection, upon request. Maintains and updates the EH&S fall protection program, as needed, or as compliance codes change. Contact EH&S at healthandsafety@ucdavis.edu for assistance. C. Training Requirements The department owning FPE has the option to provide user training from: A training provider outside the University. Within the department. 6

An EH&S training provider. Fall protection authorized users are trained on their roles and responsibilities, and on the contents of the program. In addition, site-specific or task-specific safe work orientation safety talks may be needed for the use of FPE for unusual operations. Annual review of the general requirements and safe work requirements is appropriate for tailgate or periodically scheduled safety meetings. D. Record Keeping Requirements The department requires that training be documented and kept in a readily accessible location for access and reference, as needed, by department management, EH&S, or regulatory agencies (i.e., Cal OSHA). 1. Training Records The FPE user and fall protection program administrator, in conjunction with EH&S, retains records for ten years after an employee has retired or left University employment. 2. EH&S Requirements EH&S retains the following indefinitely: 1. Records of training provided by EH&S and other entities. 2. Historical documents and revisions to the Fall Protection program. 3. Records of semi-annual FPE inspections. III. Equipment Requirements A. Selection and of Equipment FPE is designed and constructed according to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to safely hold up to a specific amount of weight in the event of a fall on fall arrest systems, and greater than twice the expected load in positioning systems. The load capacity includes a person's fully clothed weight plus the weight of any tools and materials that are carried, and could be part of the load on the FPE during a fall. The load rating must be attached or permanently printed on each piece of equipment, and must be readable by the person using the equipment. The user must be able to plan the use of the equipment based on the load capacity. 7

The kind of personal fall arrest system (Appendix B) selected should match the particular work situation, and any possible free fall distance should be kept to a minimum. Consideration should be given to the particular work environment. For example, the presence of acids, dirt, moisture, oil, grease, etc., and their effect on the system should be evaluated. Hot or cold environments may also have an adverse effect on the system. Wire rope should not be used where an electrical hazard is anticipated. B. Fall Protection Rescue Plan A rescue plan must be developed whenever fall arrest systems are in use, and when personnel may not be able to self-rescue, should a fall occur. The following is a template rescue plan for use by each department. Worker who may fall: Attendant: Date: Building: Is rescue equipment immediately available for this location (ladders, aerial devices, elevating work platforms, tripods, additional harnesses, controlled descent devices, winches, pulleys, etc.)? Equipment Available: Who to contact for the equipment: Phone or contact number: What obstructions are in the way of reaching the suspended worker? How will rescue be assured within 15 minutes of the occurrence of a fall to minimize the risk of further injury or death due to suspension trauma? Who to Call: Phone Number: How will the safety of the rescuers be assured as well as that of the suspended worker? What communication systems will be used between the suspended worker and rescue team? IV. Types of Fall Protection Equipment A. FPE System Elements A Personal Fall Protection System is comprised of three key components: 1. Anchorage connector 2. Body wear 8

3. Connecting device to join them FPE is selected and used to meet the design requirements for the four categories of Fall Protection Systems, as seen below. All equipment must meet the appropriate ANSI Z359 standard. Listed below are different types of fall safety equipment, and their recommended usage. Class 1: Body belts (single or double D-ring) are designed to restrain a person in a hazardous work position, and to reduce the possibility of falls. They should not be used when fall potential exists; positioning only. Class 2: Chest harnesses are used when there are only limited fall hazards (no vertical free fall hazard), or for retrieving persons such as removal of persons from a tank or a bin. Class 3: Full body harnesses are designed to arrest the most severe free falls Class 4: Suspension belts are independent work supports used to suspend a worker, such as boatswain's chairs, or raising or lowering harnesses. Rope Lanyard: Offers some elastic properties for all arrest; used for restraint purposes. Web Lanyard: Ideal for restraint purposes where fall hazards are less than two feet. Cable Positioning Lanyards: Designed for corrosive or excess heat environments, and must be used in conjunction with shock absorbing devices. Shock Absorbers: When used, the fall arresting force will be greatly reduced, if a fall occurs. Rope Grabs: A deceleration device which travels on a lifeline, used to safely ascend or descend ladders or sloped surfaces, and automatically, by friction, engage the lifeline and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. Retractable Lifeline Systems (self-retracting lanyard): Gives fall protection and mobility to the user when working at height or in areas where there is a danger of falling. Safety Nets: Can be used to teach fall exposure when working where temporary floors and scaffolds are not used, and the fall distance exceeds 25 feet. Rail Systems: When climbing a ladder, rail systems can be used on any fixed ladder, as well as curved surfaces as a reliable method of fall prevention. B. Fall Arrest System A personal Fall Arrest System is used to slow and stop a person during a fall from elevated location. As a general rule, it is recommended that a Fall Arrest System be used when working heights of four or more feet. However, regulatory agencies vary the height-use requirements 9

based on tasks or industries. Contact EH&S to assure compliance with codes prior to procuring and using Fall Arrest Equipment. The Fall Arrest System consists of: Anchorage (Anchorage connector) Connecting Device (Shock-absorbing lanyard, and self-retracting lifeline) Body-wear (Full-body harness) 10

C. Positioning and Restraint System A positioning or restraint system is used to hold a worker in place while allowing a hands-free work environment at elevated heights, and/or to restrict the worker s movement to prevent reaching a location where a fall hazard exists. The positioning and suspension systems are not designed for fall arrest, and therefore a back-up fall arrest system must be used. A typical positioning/restraint system consists of: Anchorage (Anchorage connector) Connecting Device (Positioning lanyard) Body-wear (Full-body harness or body belt) D. Suspension System Suspension systems are used widely in the window washing and painting industries, and are designed to lower and support a worker while allowing a hands-free work environment. The positioning and suspension systems are not designed for fall arrest. Therefore, a back-up fall arrest system must be used. A typical suspension system includes: Anchorage or Anchorage Connector (Anchor bolt, trolley, carabineer, etc.) Connecting Device (Work line) Body-wear (Full-body harness) Suspension 11 Device (Bos n chair)

E. Retrieval System The retrieval system is primarily used in confined space applications where workers must enter tanks, manholes, etc., and may require retrieval from above should an emergency occur. Retrieval Systems may also be used in rescue after a fall has occurred, and the victim is hanging by the Fall Arrest System in suspension. A retrieval system typically consists of: Anchorage or Anchorage Connector (Tripod or davit) Connecting Device (Retrieval unit) F. Harnesses Body-wear (Full-body harness) Lineman Harness The extra wide cradle seat adds comfort to the lineman harness and includes four attached side positioning D-rings and a permanently attached tool belt. Retrieval Harness Retrieval D-rings for quick rescue in the event of a fall or retraction from a confined space spring loaded "stand-up" dorsal D-ring. 12 Welding Harness Edge Flame Resistant Harness is designed with welding applications in mind and features a replaceable outer shell to prolong the life of the harness.

Tower Harness Tower Harness for climbing, work positioning, and suspension has an extra comfortable saddle and a body belt for positioning. Jacket Harness The outer shell of this harness's jacket is designed to protect you from wind and rain, and the accessory flaps prevent rain from getting inside your jacket. Body Belt Body belts can only be used for fall restraint, or positioning systems. Body belts (single or double D-ring) are designed to restrain a person in a hazardous work position, and to reduce the possibility of falls. They should not be used when fall potential exists; positioning only. 13

G. Connectors Fall Limiter A short version of a selfretracting lanyard. The one shown here is attached to an elbow strap around the beam. Rope Grab Lanyard A deceleration device which travels on a lifeline, used to safely ascend or descend ladders or sloped surfaces, and automatically by friction, engages the lifeline, and locks so as to arrest the fall of an employee. Cab Mount Lanyard As shown in the picture this is designed to secure an operator into a cab. It is similar to the use of FPE in lifts to act a positioning systems. Self-Retracting Lanyard A Retractable Lifeline Systems that gives fall protection and mobility to the user when working at height, or in areas where there is a danger of falling. Retractable Web Lanyard A limited range selfretracting lanyard. 14 Positioning Lanyard These clip to both sides of waist D-rings so the center clip can attach to ladder rungs or rebar. A person can be positioned so they can work with both hands while secured to a vertical surface.

Double Legged Shock Absorbing Lanyard Attached to a dorsal D- ring, and used to alternate attachment, when necessary. Most often used for horizontal lifelines and having to detach from one line to reach around something like a vertical beam to attach to another line. StopFall A positioning system lanyard used for trees and poles. Vertical Lifeline These attach to an anchor point on a roof, a beam or similar, a rope grab, and/or a descender operates on the rope. Self-Locking Carabineers This is a prime connecting device. Shock Absorbing Lanyard This type of connector is required for all fall arrest systems. The shock absorber is sewn layers of fabric in the black part of this lanyard. The snap hook at the opposite end is engineered to attach to webbing or anchor points. 15 Snap-hook for choking This shows a type of snap-hook that is flattened on one end to be used for choking webbing lanyards.

H. Anchors Temporary Roof Anchor Attached to the crest of a roof by nails or screws, and provides an anchor point while working on a roof. Reusable Roof Anchor Used on a steep pitched roof. Permanent Roof Crest Tie-Back, or Elbow Strap Lanyards These are designed to serve as an anchorage connector, and wrap around beams or pipe that can support 3,000 or Permanent Anchorage Connectors There are many designs for retrofit D-rings. These two are designed to be secured through a hole in a steel structural member. 16 Fixed Beam, adjustable Anchors These are attached to I beams, and are load rated to 5,000 pounds so they can be used in a fall arrest system.

I. Accessories and their Uses Relief Step Strap The strap is a webbing loop that unfurls from the harness and provides a means for the person suspended after a fall, and avoid suspension trauma. Trolly Attachment point for a horizontal lifeline that allows continuous attachment. Tool Lanyards Used to prevent tools from falling, and perhaps injuring others on levels below. J. Fall Protection Systems Fixed Ladder Climbing System When climbing a ladder, rail systems can be used on any fixed ladder as well as curved surfaces as a reliable method of fall prevention. Horizontal Lifeline System Temporary or permanent. A horizontal rope mounted to anchor points that allows movement all along its line while attached to the line. 17 Continuous Pass- Through for Horizontal Lifelines This allows movement along a horizontal lifeline without detaching or using a double legged lanyard to alternate attachments.

V. Equipment Inspection and Testing Body wear and connecting devices must be inspected semi-annually, and before each use. Follow the manufacturer s procedures: A. Harness and Body Belt Inspection To inspect you harness or body belt, perform the following procedures: a. Webbing Grasp the webbing with your hands 6 inches (152 millimeters) to 8 inches (203 millimeters) apart. Bend the webbing in an inverted U (as shown). The resulting surface tension makes damaged fibers or cuts easier to detect. Follow this procedure for the entire length of the webbing, inspecting both sides of each strap. Look for frayed edges, broken fibers, pulled stitches, cuts, burns, and chemical damage. b. D-Rings/Back Pads Check D-rings for distortion, cracks, breaks, and rough or sharp edges. The D-ring should pivot freely, and back pads should also be inspected for damage. c. Attachment of Buckles Inspect for any unusual wear, frayed or cut fibers, or broken stitching of the buckle or D-ring attachments. d. Tongue/Grommets The tongue receives heavy wear from repeated buckling and unbuckling. Inspect the tongue for loose, distorted, or broken grommets. Webbing should not have additional punched holes. e. Tongue Buckles Buckle tongues should be free of distortion in shape and motion. They should overlap the buckle frame, and move freely back and forth in their socket. The roller should turn freely on the frame. Check for distortion or sharp edges. 18

f. Friction and Mating Buckles Inspect the buckle for distortion. The outer bars and center bars must be straight. Pay special attention to corners and attachment points at the center bar. g. Quick-Connect Buckles - Inspect the buckle for distortion. The outer bars and center bars must be straight. Make sure the dual-tab release mechanism is free of debris, and engages properly. B. Lanyard Inspection When inspecting lanyards, begin at one end and work to the opposite end, slowly rotating the lanyard so that the entire circumference is checked. Additionally, follow the procedures below: a. Hardware Snaps Snap hooks should be of the self-locking type. Snap hooks are generally proof tested to 3,600 pounds, and have minimum tensile strength of 5,000 pounds. Inspect closely for hook and eye distortions, cracks, corrosion, or pitted surfaces. The keeper (latch) should sit in the nose without binding, and should not be distorted or obstructed. The keeper spring should exert sufficient force to firmly close the keeper. Keeper locks must prevent the keeper from opening when the keeper closes. Thimbles The thimble must be firmly seated in the eye of the splice, and the splice should have no loose or cut strands. The edges of the thimble must be free of sharp edges, distortion, or cracks. b. Wire Rope Lanyard Grasp the steel lanyard with your hands and rotate the lanyard, checking both sides. Watch for unusual wearing patterns on the wire. Broken strands or wires will separate from the body of the lanyard. To avoid hand injury, always wear protective gloves when inspecting a wire rope lanyard. Note: Unlike rigging inspection standards, wire ropes used for the purpose of fall protection does not allow for any broken wires or strands. 19

c. Web Lanyard While bending the webbing over a pipe or mandrel, observe each side of the webbed lanyard. This will reveal any cuts or breaks. Swelling, discoloration, cracks, and charring are obvious signs of chemical or heat damage. Observe closely for any breaks in the stitching. d. Rope Lanyard Rotate the rope lanyard while inspecting for any fuzzy, worn, broken, or cut fibers. Grasp the rope with both hands and rotate the lanyard. Inspect strands from end to end. Remember to check the inner strands for signs of damage, deterioration, or chemical attack. Synthetic fiber ropes will show a reduction in strength when used at elevated temperatures. For exposure to excessive temperatures specific to the rope fiber, refer to the rope manufacturer s specifications and instructions. Damage and deterioration may not show up through a visual inspection only, therefore, touching the lanyard is equally important. Weakened areas from extreme loads will appear as a noticeable change in original diameter. The rope diameter should be uniform throughout. If areas appear to be reduced more than 5% from the original rope diameter, remove the rope from service (i.e., a 5/8 rope with a 5% reduction would be approximately 1/32 ). In the construction of the lanyard the rope is spliced around a plastic or metal thimble. Eye splices in twisted rope having three or more strands will have a minimum of four tucks (ANSI Z359.1-1992). CSA-Z259.1-95 requires a minimum of five full tucks. Both standards require that the ends be secured to prevent unraveling. e. Shock Absorber Pack The outer portion of the pack should be examined for burn holes and tears. Stitching on areas where the pack is sewn to D-rings, belts, or lanyards should be examined for loose strands, rips, and deterioration. f. Shock-Absorbing Lanyard Shock-absorbing lanyards should be examined as a web lanyard. However, also look for the warning flag, or signs of deployment. If the flag has been activated, remove this shock-absorbing lanyard from service. C. Self-Retracting Lifeline Inspection a. Check Housing Before every use, inspect the unit s housing for loose fasteners and bent, cracked, distorted, worn, malfunctioning, or damaged parts. 20

b. Lifeline Test the lifeline retraction and tension by pulling out several feet of the lifeline, and allow it to retract back into the unit. Always maintain light tension on the lifeline as it retracts. The lifeline should pull out freely and retract all the way back into the unit. Do not use the unit if the lifeline does not retract. The lifeline must be checked regularly for signs of damage. Inspect for cuts, burns, corrosion, kinks, frays, or worn areas. Inspect any sewing (web lifelines) for loose, broken, or damaged stitching. c. Braking Mechanism The braking mechanism must be tested by grasping the lifeline above the impact indicator and applying a sharp steady pull downward which will engage the brakes. There should be no slippage of the lifeline while the brakes are engaged. Once tension is released, the brakes will disengage, and the unit will return to the retractable mode. Do not use the unit if the brakes do not engage. Check the hardware as directed above. The snap hook load indicator is located in the swivel of the snap hook. The swivel eye will elongate and expose a red area when subjected to fall arresting forces. Do not use the unit if the load impact indicator has been activated. D. Lanyard Retraction and Tension Test The purpose of the lanyard retraction and tension test is to ensure the lifeline is retracting smoothly into and out of the housing. 1. Mount self-retracting lanyard on anchorage point. 2. Pull out 50% of the lifeline length. 3. Maintain light tension on the lifeline. 4. Allow lifeline to retract back into housing (always maintain light tension when lifeline is retracting). Note: If lifeline does not pull out smoothly or sticks when retracting, pull all of the lifeline out of the housing and allow it to retract slowly under tension. Then repeat the above test. Result: The lifeline should pull out freely and retract all the way back into the unit. Remove from service if the device does not pass this test. 21

E. Braking Test The purpose of the braking test is to ensure that the retractable braking mechanism is working and engaging. 1. Mount self-retracting lifeline on anchorage point. 2. Grasp lifeline and apply a sharp steady pull downward until brakes engage. 3. Keep tension on lifeline until brakes are fully engaged. 4. Release tension. 5. Allow lifeline to retract into housing under light tension. Result: Brakes should engage. There should be no slippage of the lifeline while the brakes are engaged. Once tension is released, the brakes should disengage and the unit should return to retractable mode. Remove from service if device does not pass this test. F. Retrieval Mode Test The purpose of the retrieval mode test is to ensure that the retractable retrieval mechanism is working and engaging. Note: Some units, when in the lowering position, will require a minimum of 75 pounds. 1. Mount retractable lifeline on anchorage point. 2. Grasp lifeline and pull out several feet of lifeline. 3. Hold line in position, maintaining light tension on the line. 4. Without engaging retrieval mode, attempt to retrieve the line. Result: Line should not retrieve unless unit has been activated. 5. Engage retrieval mode. 6. Keeping light tension on the line, use the winch handle to retrieve the line into the device. Result: Brakes should engage. There should be no slippage of the lifeline while the brakes are engaged. Once tension is released, the brakes should disengage and the unit should return to retractable mode. Remove from service if device does not pass this test. 22

VI. Cleaning and Storing Equipment A. Basics of Cleaning Basic care of all safety equipment will prolong the durable life of the unit, and will contribute toward the performance of its vital safety function. Proper storage and maintenance after use are as important as cleansing the equipment of dirt, corrosives, or contaminants. B. Rope Lanyards and Shock Absorbers Wipe off all surface dirt with a sponge dampened in plain water. Squeeze the sponge dry. Dip the sponge in a solution of water and mild detergent. Work up a thick lather with a vigorous back and forth motion. Wipe dry with a clean cloth. Hang freely to dry, but away from excessive heat, steam, or long periods in sunlight. Storage areas should be clean, dry, and free of exposure to fumes, heat, direct ultra violet light, sunlight, and corrosive elements. Note: Do not store lanyards next to batteries. Chemical attack on the lanyard can occur if the battery leaks. C. Retractable Lanyards Periodically clean the exterior of the device, and wipe the lifeline using a damp cloth and mild detergent. Wipe dry with a clean cloth. Storage areas should be clean, dry, and free of exposure to fumes, heat, direct ultra violet light, sunlight, and corrosive elements. The lifeline should be fully retracted into the unit when not in use. Failure to do so on some models may cause premature weakening of the mainspring, resulting in a loss of lifeline retraction. D. Ropes Wipe off all surface dirt, dust, and extra oils with a dry cloth. Ropes can be washed to remove dirt or abrasive particles. Use a solution of mild detergent and cold water. Note: Washing can remove any coatings that may have been added to enhance the performance of the product. 23

Hang freely to dry, but away from excessive heat, steam, or long periods in sunlight. Lifelines must be dry before storage. Storage areas should be clean, dry, and free of exposure to fumes, heat, direct ultra violet light, sunlight, and corrosive elements. Lifelines should be kept off the floor to provide ventilation underneath. Never store ropes directly on a concrete or dirt floor. Note: Do not store lifelines next to batteries. Chemical attack on the lifeline can occur if the battery leaks. 24

APPENDICES Appendix A FALL PROTECTION PLAN University of California, Davis 25

Revision History Fall Protection Plan Version: Approved by: Next Review: Manager: Signature: Date: Author: Signature: Date: Date Version Approved Author Revision Notes: 1.0 Document created 26

A. Purpose The main purpose of this (dept. /group) Fall Protection Plan is to protect employees from injury due to falls, and for departments or groups to assign employee responsibilities for implementing the UC Davis Fall Protection Program. Implementing the EH&S Fall Protection Program helps to avoid employee injuries, and ensures compliance with University Policy and Procedure 290-88. A written program is also required by Cal/OSHA 8 CCR 3314 safety regulations. This Fall Protection Plan ensures when employees work in elevated locations they are protected from the risk of falls which can seriously injure or kill employees. Falls at only 10 feet high create a force of approximately 4,000 lbs. when an employee hits the ground. This Fall Protection Plan requires (dept. /group.) personnel on campus, or in off-campus locations, and contractors retained by the (dept.) to be trained and properly use fall protection equipment and systems, install standard guardrails, or use alternate means of access to fall hazard locations when working on UC Davis buildings, equipment, or utility systems. The goal is to reduce the injury risk to employees from falls associated with all equipment/utility systems. B. Applicability The (dept.) Fall Protection Plan is applied to protect employees from fall hazards at locations greater than 30 inches or 4 feet above lower levels (depending on the location), and by providing fall protection equipment and systems when working within 15 feet of an unprotected edge. Also, any employee who climbs fixed industrial ladders greater than 20 feet in length must be protected by a ladder safety system, a personal fall arrest system, or a ladder safety cage. Fall protection awareness and safe practices also covers portable ladder safety. Employees who use portable ladders are required to be trained on the correct use and selection of ladders. Employees engaged in construction activities 6 feet of more above lower levels must be protected from falling by standard guardrail systems, safety net systems, personal fall arrest systems, or a warning line system. On roofs with a 4:12 slope or greater, warning line systems are not acceptable. 27

Fall protection is also required when operating aerial lifts. Employees working in lifts need fall restraint only when working in articulating boom baskets, elevated work platforms, or scissor lifts, but only if the lift manufacturer has provided an anchor point for connection of a harness via lanyard. In fall arrest situations, the ability to rescue employees must be established prior to any work being performed in fall arrest. C. Roles and Responsibilities Responsibilities shall be established by the Department Head or Dean, or assigned to another safety person for determination. A. (Responsible Person) is the Fall Protection Plan Administrator assigning roles and responsibilities, and will be responsible for implementing the (dept.) Fall Protection Program. B. (Responsible Person) is responsible for submitting the completed plan to EH&S, and any updates and/or changes. C. (Responsible Person) is responsible for enforcing the program and ensuring compliance with the UC Davis Policies & Procedures, Cal/OSHA regulations, requirements of the UC Davis Fall Protection Program, and consulting and coordinating with EH&S on program requirements. D. (Responsible Person) is responsible for identifying, assessing, and analyzing the workplaces for fall hazards. E. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring: a. There are guardrails at locations greater than 30 inches high on open sides of unenclosed elevated work locations (roof openings, open and glazed sides of landings, balconies, platforms, runways, ramps, or working levels). Contact EH&S regrading some exceptions to this regulation. b. There are guardrails on unprotected sides of elevated work locations (not buildings or building structures) where an employee is exposed to a fall of 4 feet or greater. c. There is fall protection equipment (fall arrest, restraint, or positioning systems) for employees to use when working: i. At greater than 15 feet from the perimeter of a structure, unprotected sides and edges, through shaft ways and openings. ii. On sloped roof surfaces steeper than 4:12. 28

d. There are controlled access zones, or employees in fall restraint/arrest systems connected to anchorages (tie-offs) at locations where work is within 15 feet of an unprotected edge. e. There are lanyard connections for fall restraint when work is on elevated work platforms and aerial devices (i.e. articulating booms or scissor lifts). f. There are fall arrest systems when work is done on powered platforms, and equipment for building maintenance working at heights greater than 15 feet. g. Scaffolds are provided for all work that cannot be done safely by employees standing on permanent or solid construction at least 20 inches wide, unless work can be safely done from portable ladders. h. Ladder safety training is completed on the safe use, inspection, and selection of portable ladders. F. (Responsible Person) is responsible for overall managing and monitoring the plan for conformance to the UC Davis Fall Protection Program. G. (Responsible Person) is responsible for purchasing comfortable and only American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z359-certified fall protection equipment (harnesses, lanyards, etc.) for fall restraint, arrest, or positioning and replacing equipment that fails inspection. H. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring fall protection equipment is inspected by employees before use, and at least annually by a competent person. I. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring fall protection systems are inspected by a competent person semi-annually for system integrity. J. (Responsible Person) is responsible for mitigating identified hazards, and ensuring guardrails or ANSI Z359 certified, and PE-stamped and approved fall protection systems are purchased or fabricated and installed. K. (Responsible Person) is responsible for establishing, procuring, and installing the required specific fall protection equipment and systems (anchors, lifelines, etc.) needed to keep employees safe by consulting with EH&S. L. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring a rescue plan is in place for employees who must work in fall arrest in situations where they could fall over an unprotected edge and be suspended for a period of time, and employees are trained on the rescue plan. 29

M. (Responsible Person) is responsible for employees being trained as authorized users and competent persons, initially, and at least every two years as a refresher. N. (Responsible Person) is responsible for establishing safe work practices when working at unsafe heights, including using portable ladders, the correct size and type of portable ladders, and inspecting ladders. O. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring employees are trained on portable ladder safety before working on a portable ladder, and at least every three years as a refresher. P. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring employees are trained on the safe use of articulating booms, scissor lifts, or work platforms, initially, and at least every three years as a refresher. Q. (Responsible Person) is responsible for ensuring employees properly use harnesses, and are connected using a fall restraint lanyard only when working in boom baskets or in lifts, if the lift is equipped with a manufacturer-provided anchor point. R. (Project Supervisor) is responsible for assuring Contractors have a Fall Protection Program, follow it, and advise of UC Davis fall protection systems (i.e. anchor points or lifelines available to the Contractor prior to start of work). S. (Contractors) are responsible for following their own Fall Protection Program when working on University property/equipment. The Contractor will provide evidence of their Fall Protection Program to the University upon request, as well as their fall protection equipment. T. (Capital Projects/DCM or departmental Construction Project Manager) is responsible for new construction, building retrofits, and equipment installed by Capital Projects. The Project Manager assures the requirements of this Fall Protection Program are integrated into project documentation, fall protection systems (anchorages, lifelines, and other fall protection systems) of all affected building systems are completed, meet ANSI Z359 standards, and provide these to the host department and Facilities Management. Signage and labels at roof access hatchways must state Fall Protection Equipment required when working within 15 feet of an unprotected edge. U. EH&S is responsible for: Informing departments and DSC s of the EH&S Fall Protection Program requirements. 30

Providing assistance and training for departments and personnel, as requested, for implementation of their Fall Protection Program. Providing, when requested, training on fall protection to employees who are both authorized users and competent persons. Recommending fall protection equipment/processes for general and/or specific use. Inspecting certain fall protection systems, other than FM BMS or Dining/Housing, annually or semi-annually depending on the frequency of use. Providing assistance in identifying, assessing, and addressing fall hazards in the workplace. Monitoring and advising on how to maintain this program to meet or exceed Cal/OSHA requirements. Updating this program periodically, or as regulatory change may dictate. Periodically auditing a department s Fall Protection Program. Appendix B A. Fall Hazard Analysis Answer these questions whenever you are about to work from an elevated location, and may want to use FPE: Will the work require special personal protective equipment (PPE), besides fall protection? How will I get equipment and tools to the work location? Do I need to prevent my activities from resulting in hazards to those below by following appropriate barricading methods to keep non-essential personnel away? Can I work from the ground level instead, by bringing the work down? Can I work safely from a ladder instead? Can I use an aerial (boom) lift or scissors lift instead, and am I qualified to operate one? If not, can we install portable guardrails for the job? If not, can I use fall restraint? If not, will I use fall arrest? If you ve chosen to use FPE answer the following questions. The goal is to find another way to perform the work without the necessity to use FPE, and avoid the need of rescue. 31

Are there any existing approved anchorage points I can use? Where? Is it labeled as an approved anchorage point, or obviously capable of holding 5000 pounds or more as determined by a qualified person? If not, can approved pre-manufactured or engineered anchorages be installed? Do I have the right equipment? What is the clearance or distance I may fall into? Is there at least 15-18 feet of clear space from anchorage point before the next level down? (Calculate the fall distance to include lanyard length, deceleration distance of 3.5 feet, your height, one foot of harness slack, elongation factor, and a safety factor). What is between me and the ground or floor below? What will I hit on the way down? How would I be rescued if I fall and am suspended in the harness? Appendix C A. Harness and Lanyard Inspection Checklist The following are some suggested fall protection equipment inspection guidelines. Perform a visual and touch inspection of each piece of equipment. A mark next to an item denotes a pass in inspection. An X mark denotes a fail. Always defer to the manufacturers inspection procedures that came with your equipment. Webbing Check for the following, and determine if the equipment passes or fails inspection: Cuts, nicks or tears Broken fibers/cracks Overall deterioration Modifications by user Fraying/Abrasions Discoloration of material (dependent on cause of discoloration) Hard or shiny spots (indicates heat damage) 32 Webbing thickness uneven (indicates possible fall) Mildew (clean harness) Missing Straps Undue Stretching (indicates possible fall) Burnt, charred or melted fibers (indicates heat damage) Material marked w/permanent marker (check with manufacturer)

Excessive hardness or brittleness (indicates heat or UV damage) Stitching Pulled stitches Stitching that is missing Hard or shiny spots (indicates heat damage) Cut stitches Discoloration of stitching (dependent on cause of discoloration) 33

Hardware Distortion (twists, bends) Rust or corrosion Broken/distorted grommets Modification by users (i.e. additional holes) Tongue buckle does not overlap the buckle frame or move freely back and forth in their socket Roller of tongue buckle does not turn freely on frame Bars not straight All springs not in working condition Rough or sharp edges Cracks or breaks Tagging System Every harness must have a legible tag identifying the harness, model, date of manufacture, name of manufacturer, limitations and warnings. Check tag for date of manufacture and remove from service if past adopted service life policy. Snap Hook If tagging system is missing or not legible, remove harness from service. Snap hook is not self-locking Hook or eye distortion (twists, bends, or elongation) Latch/keeper not seated into the nose w/o binding Overall deterioration/excessive wear Modifications by the user Rust/pitting/corrosion Cracks Missing parts Rough or sharp edge Snap Hook Locking Mechanism Keeper does not open freely Snap Hook Keeper Keeper does not return to closed position Locking mechanism does not return to engaged position Closes slowly Lateral movement 34