NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae Scientific name &Authority : Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) 1758 - Adult Common Name ( if available) : Torpedo trevally For office use: Synonyms: Scomber cordyla Scomber rottleri Caranx rottleri Megalaspis cordyla Classification: Author(s) Linnaeus Shaw Cantor Weber de Beaufort Status 1758 1803 1850 1931 Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Megalaspis Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : cordyla Authority: Magalaspis cordyla Linnaeus 1758 Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Reference No. Linnaeus, S.C., 1758. Systema Naturae, ed. 10 p. 298 Premalatha, P. 1988. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India. I. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758). J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 30 (1 & 2): 83-92. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found along the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-7 Larvae of Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1988) Fig. 1. 2.2 mm stage; Fig.2. 3.7 mm stage; Fig. 3 5.1 mm stage; Fig. 4. 7.0 mm; Fig. 5. 8.0 mm stage; Fig. 6. - 0.3 mm stage; Fig. 7. 19.0 mm stage.

DATA ENTRY FORM: Form- 2(Fish / shellfish / others ) Ref.No.: (please answer only relevant fields ; add additional fields if you require) Form 1 Ref.No.: IMPORTANCE Landing statistics (t/y) : from to Place : Ref. No.: Main source of landing: Yes/ No Coast: east/ west Importance to fisheries: Main catching method : Used for aquaculture : yes/ never/ rarely Used as bait : yes/no/ occasionally Aquarium fish : yes/ no/ rarely Game fish : yes/ no Dangerous fish : poisonous/ harmful/ harmless Bioactivity : locally known/ reported/ not known Details: Period of availability : Throughout the year yes/ no If no, months: SALIENT FEATURES : Morphological: Diagnostic characteristics: Sex attributes: Descriptive characters:

Meristic characteristics: Feeding habit: Main food : Feeding type : Additional remarks: Size and age: Maximum length (cm) (male / female/ unsexed) Average length (cm) (male / female / unsexed) Maximum weight : (g) (male / female / unsexed) Average weight :(g) (male / female / unsexed) Longevity (y) (wild) : (captivity ) Length / weight relationalships:

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs: Pelagic, spherical, transparent eggs with yolk and single oil globule. Egg membrane is smooth and with narrow perivitelline space. Larvae: Larvae are deep-bodied and stubby with 24 myotomes. In early larvae of 2.2 mm length (Fig. 1) pigments are localised on mid dorsal and midlateral parts of the body. Upper jaw margin is serrated with distinct teeth. Branchieostegals are absent. Two rows of preopercular spines are visible, first row with minute spines and second with three moderately elongated spines, of which the middle one being the longest. Fin fold are present on the dorsal and ventral parts of the body. Supra occipital crest is present. Myotomes (10+14) are closely arranged towards the caudal end. Wide chromatophores are present in between the eleventh and twelfth myotomes on dorsal margin of the body. Pectoral fin buds are with flat bases. In the 3.7 mm stage (Fig. 2) the depth of body is increased to 1.2 mm and the diameter of eye to 0.4 mm. Supra occipital crest is serrated. Branchieostegals are seven in number. Urostyle is turned upwards. Slight notch is present on the head infront of the nostril. Two small spines at tip of cleithrum are present, the upper one being shorter than the other. Pigmentation as two blotches are seen on the dorsal side, and spread towards the lateral side. Pigmentation is very dense at the roof of the body cavity and ventral margin of stomach. Five rays are developed in 5.1 mm satge (Fig. 3). Spines and ray basals are differentiated. Urostyle is turned upwards. Preopercular spines are with double serration in stages between 7 mm and 10. 3 mm (figs. 4, 5 & 6). Depthof body is 3 mm and eye diameter, 0.9 mm. In 19 mm stage (Fig. 7) the fin counts are : D.I, VIII, I, 18. A II, I, 15-16, V.5, P.15-16. Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Along the southwest coast of India. Just hatched larvae were more abundant in the Calicut region, especially during March to July with peak in June. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Kuthalingam, M. D. K., 1959. A contribution to the life histories and feeding habits of Horse mackerels Megalaspis cordyla (Linn.) and Caranx mate (Cuv. and Val.) and notes on the development and feeding habits of larvae and post larvae of Megalaspis cordyla. J. Madras. Univ., 29 (2) : 76-96. Premalatha, P. 1986. Studies on the carangid larvae of the southwest coast of India. I. Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus) J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 30 (1 & 2): 83-92. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. M.D. Kuthalingam C/o Tamil Nadu Veterinary & Animal Science University Tuticorn. 3. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae Scientific name &Authority : Decapterus dayi (Wakiya) 1924 - Adult Common Name ( if available) : Mackerel scad Synonyms: Author(s) Status Classification: For office use: Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Decapterus Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : dayi Authority: Decapterus dayi (Wakiya) 1924 Reference No. Wakiya, 1924. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 14 p. 158. Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Premalatha, P. 1986. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India II. Decapterus dayi (Wakiya, 1924). Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin, 14: 113-122. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found along the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-7 Larvae of Decapterus dayi (Wakiya). (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1986) Fig. 1. 2.2 mm stage; Fig.2. 2.9 mm stage; Fig. 3. 3.5 mm stage; Fig. 4. 4.7 mm stage; Fig. 5. 8.3 mm stage; Fig. 6. 9.3 mm stage; Fig. 7. 10.3 mm stage.

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs are pelagic, spherical with narrow perivitelline space, yolk and oil globule. Early larvae of 2.2 mm stage (Fig. 1) is slender bodied and elongated with 24 myotomes. Position of mouth is oblique and lower jaw a little elongated with a few pigments at its tip. Upper jaw and the region of the snout are with slight depression. Teeth are absent. There are three preopercular spines, the third one being the longest. Gill arches are four in number and without filaments. Eyes are subcircular in shape. Larval finfolds at the sides are irregular. Pectoral fin is with a flat base. A very small heart is visible behind the gill filaments. Intestine opens at the twelfth myotome. Supraoccipital region is without pigments. Four pairs of stellate chromatophores are present mid dorsally extending up to thirteenth myotome, whereas mid ventral pigments begin right from the airbladder region and ends at the tip of notochord. Pre anal pigments are more on the dorsal roof of the gut. Four branched chromatophores, one just above the air bladder behind it, another wide chromatophore followed by two pigment spots upto twelfth myotome. Along the lower part of abdomen, pigments are more or less on the lower part of the cleithrum. A single chromatophore present at the upper region of the liver. Number of post anal pigments are not clear. The intensity of thickness in pigmentation is lessened towards caudal region. The pigments are branched or stellate type near the anal opening and thereafter become dot like towards notochord end. Figures 2 to 7 exhibit the important characters of larvae ranging from 2.7 mm to 10.3 mm. Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Larvae were collected from the southwest and southeast coasts of India during the period from May to November with peaks in July and September. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Chacko, P. L. and M. J. Mathew. 1955. Biology and fisheries of the horse mackerels of the west coast of Madras state. Congr. Mar. Biol. Stn. West Hill. 2: 1-12. Peter K.J. 1982. Studies on some fish larva of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of cochin, 349pp. Premalatha, P. 1986. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India II. Decapterus dayi (Wakiya, 1924). Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin, 14: 113-122. Vijayaraghavan, P. 1957. Studies on fish eggs and larvae of Madras Coast. Ph. D. Thesis. Madras University. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae Scientific name &Authority : Alectis ciliaris (Bloch ) 1788 Adult Common Name ( if available) : Thread finned Trevally For office use: Synonyms: Zeus ciliaris Carangoides blephris Caranx ciliaris Classification: Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Alectis Author(s) Bloch Bleeker Gunther Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : ciliaris Status 1788 1852 1860 Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Authority: Alectis ciliaris (Bloch ) 1788 Reference No. Bloch, M. E., 1788. Nat. Aust. Fische. 6 Premalatha, P. 1991. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Alectis indicus (Ruppell, 1828) and Atropus atropus (Bloch, 1801) J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 33 (1 & 2) : 1-8. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found along the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-4 Larvae of Alectis ciliaris (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1991) Fig. 1. 4.3 mm stage; Fig.2. 5.0 mm stage; Fig. 3. 6.0 mm stage; Fig. 4. 6.8 mm.

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs: Eggs are spherical, pelagic and with yolk and oil globule. Larvae: Larva can be identified by the much compressed body, angular profile and head with elongated rays of fins. A larva of 4.3 mm in length (Fig. 1) has its head length about 1. 5 mm with four to five preopercular spines and eyes of diameter 0.5 mm. Dorsal fin has seven spines and sixteen to seventeen rays and anal fin with ten to eleven rays. Caudal flexion is distinct and with a few rays on the lower side of urostyle. Pigments are present on the margin of myotomes which are around twenty four in number, and also in the body cavity and in the region of air bladder. The depth of body is 0.5 mm and distance from snout to anus is 2.5 mm. The 5 mm stage larva (Fig. 2) has body pigments more on dorsal side from occipital region to the base of soft dorsal. Ventral side is with less pre anal and most post anal pigments. At 6 mm stage (Fig. 3) the larva becomes shorter and broader with small ventrals. Pigmentation is more dense than on the dorsal fin in between third and fourth spines. Caudal fin is round and with sixteen primary rays. The 6.8 mm stage (Fig. 4) pectoral fin has sixteen rays. Pigmentation is more intensified in occipital region and on dorsal fins. Spines and rays of all fins are more or less similar to those in juveniles. In the 15 mm post larva dorsal and anal fins are slightly prolonged. Fin counts and other meristic characters are same as in juveniles. Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Larva were collected mainly from the southwest and south east coast of India during the period from March to May, with a peak in April. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Peter, K.J. 1982. Studies on some fish larvae of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Ph. D.Thesis, Univ. of. Cochin, 349 pp. Premalatha, P. 1991. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India. Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Alectis indicus (Ruppell, 1828) and Atropus atropus (Bloch, 1801) J. mar. biol. Ass. India, 33 (1 & 2) : 1-8. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. C.B. Subrahmanyam Scientist CMFRI Tuticorin. 3. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae Scientific name &Authority : Alectis indicus (Ruppell) 1828 - Adult Common Name ( if available) : Indian Thread finned Ttrevally For office use: Synonyms: Seyris indica Carnx gallus Selene vomer Classification: Author(s) Ruppell Gunther\ Ogilby Status 1828 1860 1915 Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Alectis Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : indicus Authority: Alectis indicus Ruppell 1828 Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Reference No. Ruppell, W.P.E.S., 1828. Atlas. Fische Roth. Meer. P. 128. Premalatha, P. 1991. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India: Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Alectis indicus (Ruppell 1828) and Atropus atropus (Bloch 1801). J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 33 (1 & 2): 1-8. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found along the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-4 Larvae of Alectis indicus (Bloch). (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1991) Fig. 1. 2.7 mm stage; Fig.2. 3.4 mm stage; Fig. 3. 7.0 mm stage; Fig. 4. 15.0 mm.`

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs: Spherical planktonic eggs with smooth chorion, coarsely segmented yolk and oil globule. Larvae has compresed rhomboid body with elongated rays of fins. The 2.7 mm stage larva (Fig. 1) the ventral rudiments are pigmented and are like two stripes. Finfolds are present on both sides of body. Pigmentation is noticed on post anal ventral margin and roof of body cavity. A few spines are present on gill cover. Branchiostegals are absent. Spines are developed on the first dorsal and analfin in larvae of 3.4 mm stage (Fig. 2). Urostyle is turned upwards. Characteristic of this species is the peculiar shape and elongated ventral fin at early stage. Pigments are present on occipital region, ventral margin and lateral mid line. Pre opercular spines are distinct. Branchiostegals are four in number. Out of the four gills, filaments are present on two arches. In the larva of 7.0 mm length (Fig. 3) the body is broader with large and round eyes. Body pigmentation is more intense than in the previous stage. Almost all fin elements and other characters are as in juveniles. Pre opercle is with spinous projections. The number of branchiostegals is increased to seven and gill filaments developed on four arches. The distinguishing character of this stage is the elongated rays on dorsal fin. The alizarine stained 15 mm stage larva (Fig. 4) clearly shows anterior four rays of soft dorsal and anal fin which are prolonged into filaments. Elongated ventral fin is present. Fin counts and other meristic characters are as in the young ones. Later line arch is very clear anteriorly. Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Larvae collected from the southwest and southeast coasts of India during the period from February to April. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Peter K.J. 1982. Studies on some fish larva of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of cochin, 349pp. Premalatha, P. 1991. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India: Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Alecis indicus (Ruppell 1828) and Atropus atropus (Bloch 1801). J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 33 (1 & 2): 1-8. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae For office use: Scientific name &Authority : Atropus atropus (Bloch and Schneider) 1801 - Adult Common Name ( if available) : Keweh Synonyms: Brama atropus Carangoides atropus Caranx atropus Classification: Author(s) Bloch and Schneider Blecker Gunther Status 1801 1851 1860 Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Atropus Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : atropus Authority: Atropus atropus (Bloch and Schneider) 1801 Reference No. Bloch, M.E. and J.G. Schneider, 1801. Syst. Ich. icon Berlin p. 98. Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Premalatha, P. 1991. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India: Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Alecis indicus (Ruppell 1828) and Atropus atropus (Bloch 1801). J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 33 (1 & 2): 1-8. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found along the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-3 Larvae of Atropus atropus (Bloch and Schneider). (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1991) Fig. 1. 4.0 mm stage; Fig.2. 6.8 mm stage; Fig. 3. 10.2 mm stage.

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Carangid eggs are planktonic spherical, with smooth chorion, coarsely segmented yolk and oil globule. In the larvae (4 mm stage fig.1) body is broad anteriorly and tapered posteriorly. Pigments are found more on dorsal roof of body cavity and intestinal region. Dot like pigments also are located on post anal and ventral margin. Small occipital crest is present. Margin of upper jw is serrated. Five brachiostegals are seen at this stage. Opercular spines are four in number, one at the corner being the longest. Rudiments of ventral fin appear at this stage and are located in a groove on the ventral side, which is an identifying character of Atropus atropus. Myotomes are 10 + 14, head length 1.5 mm, eye diameter 0.5 mm and depth of body, 1.15 mm. In 6.8 mm larva (fig. 2) body pigmentation is lesser compared to other species of carangids. Almost full set of fin elements are present with a portion of distinct fin rays. Ventral fin is long and pigmented. Dorsal and anal spines are connected by membranes. Pectoral is not developed at this stage. By the time the larva reaches 10.2 mm length (fig. 3) punctate pigments are found all over the body. Ventral fin is long, black and seen in a groove. Branchiostegals are seven in number. Margins of jaws are well serrated. Pectoral fin is with sixteen rays. Fin counts and other meristic characters agree with those of juveniles. Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Larvae were collected from the southwest and southeast coasts of India during the period from May to June. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Basheeruddin, S. and K.N. Nayar, 1962. A preliminary study of the juvenile fishes of the coastal waters of Madras city. Indian J. Fish. 8 (1): 169-188. Peter K.J. 1982. Studies on some fish larva of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of cochin, 349pp. Premalatha, P. 1991. Studies on the carangid fish larvae of the southwest coast of India: Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1788) Alectis indicus (Ruppell 1828) and Atropus atropus (Bloch 1801). J. mar. biol. Ass. India. 33 (1 & 2): 1-8. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae For office use: Scientific name &Authority : Selar kalla (Cuvier and Valenciennes) 1833-Adult Common Name ( if available) : Golden scad Synonyms: Caranx kalla Selar kublii Alepes kalla Selar kalla Classification: Author(s) Cuvier and Valenciennes Bleeker Ogilby Barnard Status 1833 1851 1915 1925 Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Selar Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : kalla Authority: Selar kalla Cuvier and Valenciennes 1833 Reference No. Cuvier, G. and A. Valenciennes., 1833. Hist. Nat. Poiss. 9 p. 49. Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Subrahmanyam, C.B., 1968. Eggs and early development of two more carangids from Madras. J. mar. boil. Ass. India. 8 (1): 188-192. Premalatha, P. 1986. Studies on the carangid larvae of the southwest coast of India. III. Alepes kalla (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin. 14: 123-130. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found along the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-5. Egg and larvae of Selar kalla, laboratory reared. (Reproduced from Subrahmanyam, 1966) Fig. 1 and 2. Lateral and ventral view of egg. Fig. 3. Newly hatched prolarva, 1.13mm, Fig. 4. 24 hours old prolarva 1.7 mm, Fig. 5. 48 hours old prolarva, Fig. 6. 72 hours old postlarva, Fig. 7. 96 hours old postlarva 2.01 mm. A=anus; AV=auditory vesicles; CFR=caudal fin rays; E=eye; G=gut; GS=gill slits; H=heart; INT=intestine; OG=oil globule; PR=pectoral rudiment; ST=stomach; YS=yolk sac.

Figs. 8-17. Larvae of Alepes kalla (Cuvier and Valienciennes) (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1986) Fig. 8. 2.0 mm stage, Fig. 9. 3.0 mm stage, Fig. 10. 4.5 mm stage, Fig. 11. 6.0 mm stage, Fig. 12. 8.0 mm stage, Fig. 13. 9.1 mm stage, Fig. 14. 22.0 mm stage (Alizarine stained).

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs: Pelagic spherical transparent egg with 0.58 to 0.61 mm in diameter. Yolk is faintly segmented with a centrally located oil globule measuring 0.19 mm in diameter. Egg membrane is smooth and perivitelline space very narrow. The embryo has distinct head, eyes and auditory vesicles with two statocysts. Black pigment cells are present in the inner surface of the oil globule. Yellow pigment cells are scattered all over the embryo. (Figs. 1 and 2). Larvae: The newly hatched prolarva (Fig. 3) measured 1.13 mm in length. The large yolk sac did not extend beyond the anterior margin of the head and an oil globule located on the ventral side centrally. Gut is short and opens immediately behind the yolk sac below the 6 th myotome. Pigmentation is identical to that of the embryo. In the 1.73 mm stage (Fig. 4) the yolk is reduced and oil globule is absorbed. Eyes are large and auditory vesicles are located in proximity to the eyes. Tubular heart can be made out in the pharayngeal region. Dorsal and ventral finfolds are prominent and fin rays are present on the caudal fin fold. Pectoral rudiments are visible. There are 12-14 post anal myotomes. Yellow pigment cells are present on the margin of myotomes. Black cells are present only on the ventral margin. In Fig 5, though there is no increase in length of prolarva noticed, other important development took place are the enlargement of eyes with blackening of iris, development of mouth with prominent lower jaw, two chambered heart, presence of gill slits, opening of the gut below the 5 th myotome and enlargements of pectoral rudiments. Other significant changes that the larva has undergone in the next stage (Fig. 6) are the absorption of yolk sac, widening of the cleft of mouth with lower jaw protruding beyond the margin of upper jaw and presence of four gill slits. The length of post larva at this stage has increased to 2.01 mm (Fig. 7). A few postlarval stages of Alepes kalla (Premalatha, 1986), synonymous to Caranx kalla are reproduced in figures 8-14. The 2.0 mm stage larva (Fig. 8) is slender bodied and head with serrated preopercular margin having three spines, of which the central one being longer. Teeth are absent. Ventral margin of the stomach is well pigmented towards anterior side. There are six chromatophores on dorsal margin of which two of them are behind occipital and the remaining ones distributed within sixth and twelfth myotomes. Postanal pigments on ventral (about 15 to 17 dots) are arranged in a line up to the caudal tip. The most characteristic feature that distinguishes it from other carangid larvae is the presence of mid lateral pigment line in the anterior region of the trunk. In 3mm stage larva (Fig. 9) snout is blunt with elongated lower jaw. Only upper jaw margin is serrated. Two to four teeth like projections are present. Pre opercular margin is with double serrations and four to five minute ones. Larval finfolds persists. Notochord is straight towards caudal with fin folds on both sides. Ventrals are absent at this stage. Three gill arches are present. Eight to ten stellate chromatophores are seen on the dorsal side. Three supra occipital crest is very small. In 4.5 mm stage (Fig. 10) this is very much reduced. The pigments are more concentrated. Formations of fin rays has started. Urostyle is turned upward. The number of myotomes are 24 in 6.0 mm larva (Fig. 11). Branchistegals are seven in number and gill slits four with fully formed filaments. Development is more advanced in 8.0 mm stage (Fig 12). D.VIII, I+22-23, A II, I+18, C 17, P16, V 4-5. In the 22.0 mm stage (Fig. 14) meristic characters are distinct and agree with adults. Scutes are prominent on the caudal region (40-44), preopercular spines are absent.

Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Electrophoresis: SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Maximum larval abundance was noticed during July - October southwest coast of India mainly from inshore regions. Season: Fecundity: Comment: Ref. No. Ref. No. Main Ref: period at the

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Bapat, S.V and Prasad, R.R. 1952. On some development stages of Caranx kalla. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51:111-115. Peter K.J. 1982. Studies on some fish larva of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of cochin, 349pp. Premalatha, P. 1986. Studies on the carangid larvae of the southwest coast of India. III. Alepes kalla (Cuvier and Valenceinnes). Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin. 14: 123-130. Subrahmanyam, C.B., 1968. Eggs and early development of two more carangids from Madras. J. mar. boil. Ass. India. 8 (1): 188-192. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. C.B. Subrahmanyam Scientist CMFRI Tuticorin. 3. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae Scientific name &Authority : Caranx carangus (Bloch) 1793-Adult Common Name ( if available) : Black tailed trevally For office use: Synonyms: Scomber carangus Caranx carangus Caranx xanthopygus Classification: Author(s) Bloch Cuvier and Valenciennes Bleeker Status 1793 1833 1845 Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Caranx Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : carangus Authority: Caranx carangus Bloch 1793 Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Reference No. Bloch, M.E., 1793. Nat. Aust. Fische. 7 p. 69. Subrahmanyam, C.B., 1968. Eggs and early development of two more carangids from Madras. J. mar. boil. Ass. India. 8 (1): 188-192. Geographical Location: Warm waters of the Indo-Pacific. Commonly found on the east and west coasts of India. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-5. Egg and larvae of Caranx carangus, laboratory reared. (Reproduced from Subrahmanyam, 1966) Fig. 1. Egg, Fig. 2. Newly hatched prolarva 1.15 mm, Fig. 3. 24 hour old prolarva 1.8 mm, Fig. 4. 48 hour old prolarva 1.8 mm, Fig. 5. 72 hour old prolarva 2.15 mm. A=anus; AV=auditory vesicles; CFR=caudal fin rays; E=eye; G=gut; GS=gill slits; H=heart; INT=intestine; OG=oil globule; PR=pectoral rudiment; ST=stomach; YS=yolk sac.

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs: Perfectly spherical pelagic egg measuring about 0.71 mm in diameter with narrow perivitelline space. Single oil globule of 0.17 mm diameter is present. Brown pigmented cells are scattered all over the embryo. (Fig. 1). Larvae: Newly hatched prolarva (Fig. 2) is transparent and measured about 1.15 mm. Anterior margin of the head extended beyond the margin of the yolk sac. Eyes are unpigmented and the auditory vesicles with two statocysts located close to the eyes. Heart is tubular. Yolk sac is prominent with faintly segmented yolk. The gut is short and open below the 13 th myotome, there being 12 preanal and 15 postanal myotomes. Yellow pigment cells are present on the embryo and an oil globule located at the anterior margin of the yolk sac. Black cells are present on the dorsal margin of the myotomes and on the inner surface of the oil globule. A few are also observed on the head between the eyes and auditory vesicles. Three faint bands of yellow pigment cells are observed on the larvae, one behind the auditory vesicle, one at the anal region and the last at the posterior region of the body. In the 1.8 mm larva (Fig. 3) the yolk sac is much reduced in size and the oil globule is persistant. Head is distinct and the fin folds are developed. Heart is still tubular. There is no change in the total number of myotomes and the position of the anal opening. Pectoral rudiments are developed, and on the caudal fin fold a few rays can be seen. Yellow pigments are localised into three bands as seen in the previous stage. In the next stage (Fig. 4) the larva has undergone several changes but without any increase in length. The yolk sac is considerably reduced, with the oil globule still present. Eyes are large with brownish pigmentation as in the earlier stage. The total number of myotomes is 29. Two gill slits appear in the pharyngeal region. Mouth is also developed with two horny jaws. The three yellow pigment bands are disappeared. Pigments are noticed on the margins of gut. In 2.15 mm larva (Fig. 5) the yolk sac is completely absorbed and the prolarva is transformed into postlarva. The head is large and the iris of the eyes is black and the margin of the eyes being silvery in colour. Heart has become twochambered. Two more gill slits appeared. The jaws became distinct and the gape of the mouth wide. The lower jaw protrudes slightly beyond the margin of the upper jaw. The gut shows slight differentiation into stomach and intestine and opens below the 13 th myotome. Fin folds are high and without any fin rays, except that of caudal fin. Yellow pigment cells are absent. Black pigment cells are distributed on the ventral margin of the body and gut. Large stellate chromatophores appear on the dorsal fin folds. Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Eggs and larvae are collected from the southwest and southeast coasts of India during the months of June, July and August. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Premalatha, P. 1986. Studies on the carangid larvae of the southwest coast of India. III. Alepes kalla (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Bull. Dept. Mar. Sci. Univ. Cochin. 14: 123-130. Subrahmanyam, C.B., 1964. Eggs and early development of a carangid from Madras. J. mar. boil. Ass. Indian. 6 (1): 142-146. Subrahmanyam, C.B., 1968. Eggs and early development of two more carangids from Madras. J. mar. boil. Ass. India. 8 (1): 188-192. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. Dr. C.B. Subrahmanyam Scientist CMFRI Tuticorin. 3. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)

NATIONAL BIORESOURCE DEVELOPMENT BOARD Dept. of Biotechnology Government of India, New Delhi MARINE BIORESOURCES FORMS DATA ENTRY: Form- 1(general ) (please answer only relevant fields;add additional fields if you require) Fauna : Flora Microorganisms General Category : Vertebrata (Zooplankton), Fish larvae For office use: Scientific name &Authority : Chorinemus sanctipetri (Cuvier and Valenciennus) 1831-Adult Common Name ( if available) : Saint Peters Leather Skin Synonyms: Scomberoides sanctipetri Thynnus molluccensis Classification: Author(s) Bleeker Gronov Status 1868 Phylum: Vertebrata Super Class : Pisces Super Order: Teleostei Super Family: Genus : Chorinemus Sub- Phylum Class : Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family : Carangidae Species : sanctipetri Sub- Class: Actinopterygii Sub Order :Percoidei Sub-Family: Authority: Chorinemus sanctipetri (Cuvier and Valenciennus) 1831 Reference No. Cuvier, G. and A.Valenciennes, 1831. Hist. Nat. Poiss. Paris, 8, p. 379. Premalatha, P. 1977. A study of the development and distribution of larvae of leather skin Chorinemus sanctipetri (Cuv. and Val.), Carangidae, Pisces, along the south west coast of India. Proc. Symp. On warm water zoopl. Spl. Publ. UNESCO/NIO, Goa: 450-459. Geographical Location: Tropical and temperate waters of the Indo Pacific. Latitude: Longitude: Place: State:

Environment Fresh water: Yes/ No Habitat : Salinity : Brackish : Yes/ No Migrations : Temperature : Salt water : Yes / No Depth range : Picture (scanned images or photographs of adult / larval stages) Figs. 1-7. Larvae of Chorinemus sanctipetri Fig. 1. 3mm, Fig. 2. 3.9 mm, Fig. 3. 5 mm Fig. 4. 6 mm, Fig. 5. 7 mm, Fig. 6. 10 mm, Fig. 7. 10.5 mm. (Reproduced from Premalatha, 1977).

Eggs and larvae: Ref. No.: Eggs: Spherical planktonic eggs with smooth chorion, coarsely segmented yolk and oil globule. Larvae: Larva measuring 3-4 mm has a short stubby pigmented body, and head with less pigmentation. Four opercular spines are present of which 2-3 small ones are in the horizontal position, the third one being at the corner between the horizontal edge and the ascending part of the preopercle. The fourth one is longer than the rest. A small pointed crest present behind the occipital is very characteristic of the group. There are 26 myomeres of which 10 are preanal and 16 post anal. Dorsal and ventral margins of the body are with thick pigmentation up to the 20 th myotome. On the 14 th to 19 th myotomes dash line pigmentation are present in the laterline. Other areas of pigmentation are roof of body cavity, air bladder, lower portion of cleithrum and lower margin of jaws. In 5-6 mm larvae the urostyle is turned upwards, body well pigmented except on the last 5 myotomes. Spines and rays formation are not complete. Out of the 6 opercular spines, 2 small ones are on the ascending part of the preoperculum and the rest on the horizontal part. Most conspicuous change in the body form is noticed in the 10 mm stage, where the larva is deep bodied, stubby with pointed snout. Dorsal crest is very much reduced in size and the caudal base with no pigmetation. D VII-I 19-20, A II I 17-18, pectorals with 16-17 rays. The development of larvae is more or less complete at this stage. Branchiostegals are eight in number. Teeth present in both jaws. (Figs 1-7). Characteristics: Abundance: Biochemical aspects: Proximate analysis: moisture/ fat/ protein/ carbohydrate/ash Ref. No. Electrophoresis: Ref. No. SPAWNING INFORMATION: Locality: Main Ref: Larvae were collected mainly from the south west and south east coast of India during the period March May, with peak in April. Season: Fecundity: Comment:

MAJOR PUBLICATIONS (INDIAN): (include review articles, monographs, books etc.) Premalatha, P. 1977. A study of the development and distribution of larvae of leather skin Chorinemus sanctipetri (Cuv. and Val.), Carangidae, Pisces, along the south west coast of India. Proc. Symp. on warm water zoopl. Spl. Publ. UNESCO/NIO, Goa: 450-459. James, P.S.B.R. 1967. Some observation on the fishery of Chorinemus lysan (Forskal ) with notes on its biology. Indian J. Fish. 11, 268-272. Peter, K.J. 1982. Studies on some fish larvae of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. Ph. D.Thesis, Univ. of. Cochin, 349 pp. LIST OF INDIAN EXPERTS (Name, address, phone, fax, e-mail etc.) 1. Dr. (Mrs.) P.Premalatha Integrated Fisheries Project Fore Shore Road Kochi 682 016. Ph. (0484) 2352172 2. P.S.B. R. James Vice Principal Nalanda Mahila Kaleswar 72/14/2 Sardar Patel Road Vijayawada 520007. 3. Dr. K.J.Peter Scientist, NIO. (Rtd) Koithara 54/2950, Kadavanthara South Kochi-682020 Ph. (0484) 2318036 e-mail: peterann@md4.vsnl.net.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: (List of persons who contributed, modified or checked information)