Developing a genetic baseline for Chinook salmon in the Copper River Alaska Department of Fish and Game Native Village of Eyak National Park Service
Questions What is the genetic diversity of Chinook salmon in the system?
Questions What is the genetic diversity of Chinook salmon in the system? What is the migration timing of Chinook salmon stocks in the Copper River system?
Questions What is the genetic diversity of Chinook salmon in the system? What is the migration timing of Chinook salmon stocks in the Copper River system? What is the composition of Chinook salmon stocks in ocean fisheries near the Copper River delta?
Objectives 1. Develop DNA database to identify spawning populations use SNPs and microsatellites contribute to species-wide database 2. Investigate run-timing and entry patterns within the river 3. Investigate contributions to ocean fisheries
Microsatellite markers simple sequence repeats - Allele designations related to fragment size 22 20 Fish 2 Fish 1 16 14 Fish 4 Fish 3
SNP markers single nucleotide polymorphism - Alleles designate a single base change G C G C Fish 1 What SNP? A, C, G or T? Fish 2
Field Collections
Total Sampling Effort 2003 Baird Canyon Fishwheel (radio tags). 288 2004 Baird Canyon Fishwheel (radio tags). 296 Tributary Spawners....1,266 2005 Tributary Spawners...352 Cordova Ocean Fishery Samples 1,612 Baird Canyon Mixture Samples 1,418 Project Total.5,232
Copper River Chinook Sampling Sites Middle Fork West Fork Gulkana R Chistochina River Paxson Fork Gakona River Sinona Creek Slana River, Bone Ck East Fork Indian Creek Upper Copper R 2004 Mendeltna Creek Tazlina R Kiana Creek Chetaslina River St. Anne Creek Klutina R Manker Creek Tonsina R Chitina R Nizina River Tebay River Greyling Creek Valdez Bremer River Tasnuna River Baird Canyon Miles Lake
Copper River Chinook Sampling Sites Middle Fork West Fork Gulkana R Chistochina River Paxson Fork Gakona River Sinona Creek Slana River, Bone Ck East Fork Indian Creek Otter Cr. Upper Copper R 2005 Mendeltna Creek Tazlina R Kiana Creek Chetaslina River St. Anne Creek Klutina R Manker Creek Tonsina R Chitina R Nizina River Tebay River Greyling Creek Valdez Bremer River Tasnuna River Baird Canyon Miles Lake
Numbers of fish 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 Collections Tributary Spawners Baird 03 = 288 Baird 04 = 296 Trib 04 = 1,266 Trib 05 = 352 Total = 2,202 0 Chitina (Tebay) 1 Tonsina Klutina Tazlina Gulkana Upper Copper 2 2 2 3 Tributary 6
Laboratory Analysis
-0.05 Multidimensional Scaling, 31 SNPs Upper Copper Gulkana Middle Lakes Chitina 1 4 Dimension 3-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 Tonsina 10 11 12 Tazlina Klutina Tazlina (Mendeltna) 9 3 2 5 13 8 7 6 0.05 0 Dimensio n 1-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 Dimension 2
-0.05 Multidimensional Scaling, 31 SNPs Upper Copper Gulkana Mendeltna Middle Lakes Chitina 1 4 Dimension 3-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 Tonsina 10 11 12 Tazlina Klutina Tazlina (Mendeltna) 9 3 2 5 13 8 7 6 0.05 0 Dimensio n 1-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 Dimension 2
4 2 3 9 1-0.2-0.1 0 0.1 Dimension 1 0 Dimensi on 2-0.1 Upper Copper Gulkana Mendeltna Middle Lakes Chitina Multidimensional Scaling, 13 MSATs 13 10 12 11 5 7 8 6 Dimension 3-0.15-0.1-0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.1
Dimension 3-0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0 Upper Copper Gulkana Mendeltna Middle Lakes Chitina Major Genetic Lineages -0.05 Dimensio n 1 3 2 5 1 4 7 6 8 0.05 12 10 9 11 13 Miles Lake -0.06-0.04-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 Dimension 2
*Copper River Basin Geology Proglacial Lake Lightly Modified Moraine Bed Rock Volcanic *Map Courtesy of Ecotrust
Result of 100% simulations Gulkana R. 96% 98% Mendeltna Cr. 97% Middle Lakes 99% Upper Copper 94% Chitina R. Baird Canyon Miles Lake
Klutina River Guide Samples Where does genetics put them? 2% Mendeltna 90% Middle Lakes Chitina R. Baird Canyon 8% Miles Lake
Gulkana River Guide Samples Where does genetics put them? Upper Copper R 99% Gulkana R 1% Chitina R.
What Next? Finishing touches on baseline -Evaluate radio tag samples for use in baseline -Evaluate guide samples for use in baseline Investigate run timing using Baird Canyon mixture samples Perform mixed stock analysis on Cordova ocean fishery samples
Thanks Native Village of Eyak Ahtna LGL Eric Veach - National Park Service James Savereide ADF&G Sportfish Klutina River Association Guides Tom Taube ADF&G Sportfish
Tributary Sampling Results Location 2004 2005 Total Chitina River Tebay River 27 34 61 Tonsina Little Tonsina (J*) 20 NS 20 Little Tonsina 31 1 32 Greyling Creek 16 NS 16 Klutina Main Stem (Guides) 168 NS 168 Manker Creek 41 21 62 Tazlina Kaina Creek (J*) 133 NS 133 Kaina Creek 75 NS 75 Mendeltna Creek 144 NS 144 Gulkana Mainstem (Guides) 130 NS 130 Main Stem (ADFG) 46 NS 46 Middle Fork 79 0 79 Paxson Fork 88 0 88 Upper Copper Bone Creek 70 8 78 Chistochina River 145 NS 145 Indian Creek 43 7 50 Sinona Creek 7 152 159 Ahtell/Slana 3 1 4 Otter Creek NS 128 128 Total Fish 1,266 352 1,618 *Juvenile Samples