Response of Reef-Fish Habitat Specialists to Ramicrusta sp. Algal Overgrowth of Fire Coral

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Response of Reef-Fish Habitat Specialists to Ramicrusta sp. Algal Overgrowth of Fire Coral AnnaRose Adams Department of BioResource Research Oregon State University

Habitat association http://www.reefteach.com.au http://www.ncwildlife.org http://birdssurfblog.com

Habitat specialization Generalists Specialists http://www.vutrax.co.uk/ https://ig08pq.bay.livefilestore.com http://makarl.wordpress.com http://lh5.ggpht.com

Munday 2004 Habitat Specialists at Risk

Coral as Habitat http://c.photoshelter.com http://www.coralreefphotos.com http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com

Algal Overgrowth http://www.thewe.cc http://www.ok4me2.net http://coralmorphologic.com/ Conditions change

Ramicrusta http://www.inhabitat.com/ Crustose alga Recently described species Observed in Bonaire and Jamaica Overgrows coral

How does Ramicrusta overgrowth of coral affect fish who are habitat specialists?

Study Coral: Millepora complanata http://www.indigomoon.us/ http://coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk http://www.orafarm.com/ http://www.seattleyates.com fire coral

Predictions Normal Overgrown

http://marketinginthemaking.wordpress.com http://www.infobonaire.com

Coral Measurements Volume dimensions Signs of distress Percent overgrowth

Fish Counts 40 cm criteria Number of fish 40 Family of fish

Percent Overgrowth 0% 1 25% 26 50% 51 75% 76 100% Increasing Ramicrusta overgrowth

Fish Abundance and Diversity Abundance: number of fish Richness: number of families Evenness: equality of representation among families Composite Diversity: combined richness and evenness http://www.bluezooaquatics.com/ http://farm3.static.flickr.com http://sealandphotography.com http://saltwater.tropicalfishandaquariums.com

Number of coral heads observed Trends in Overgrowth 60 50 88% 40 30 20 10 0 0% 1-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% Algal Overgrowth Category

Fish Abundance p=0.01 Greater mean number of fish at high levels of overgrowth Suggests trend opposite to predictions Difference of 1 fish not ecologically significant

Fish Diversity Higher mean values with increasing overgrowth Statistically nonsignificant

Structural Complexity http://sjue.com/ Complexity increases with coral size http://img.freebase.com

Influence of Coral Volume p<0.0001 Mean coral size significantly smaller at low overgrowth Differences in fish communities influenced by coral size

Large values could be a product of bigger coral heads

Influence of Ramicrusta Potential to have little effect on coral complexity Study examined recent Ramicrusta overgrowth Fully overgrown corals die and are eroded Over time Ramicrusta could impact coral structure

Conclusions Ramicrusta is changing the sea floor composition of Lac Bay, Bonaire. Differences in coral volume may have influenced fish abundance and diversity. Fish used fire coral regardless of presence of recent Ramicrusta overgrowth.

Acknowledgments Oregon State University ER Jackman Internship Support Program Dr. Rita Peachey and staff CIEE Bonaire Research Station Tom Stabler Goucher College Dr. Mark Hixon, Dr. Selina Heppell and Dr. Scott Heppell Dept. Zoology and Dept. Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University

Questions?

References Munday PL (2004) Habitat loss, resource specialization, and extinction on coral reefs. Global Change Biol 10: 1642 1647

Fish Families Observed Gobiidae - Gobies Labridae - Wrasse Blennidae Blennies Grammatidae Basslets Serranidae Grouper/Grasby/Creolefish Pomacanthidae Damselfish Lutjanidae Snapper Balistidae Triggerfish Scaridae Parrotfish Acanthuridae Surgeonfishes and Tangs

Equations Composite Diversity: H = pi ln(pi) pi = proportion of individuals observed within each family Evenness: E = H / ln(s) S = family richness

Data Analysis Anderson-Darling Normality tests (failed) Kruskal-Wallis tests (α = 0.05) Mann-Whitney U-tests (α = 0.05) Linear regression analysis

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