Using physiologicl indices to estimte residulism rtes in htchery rered winter run steelhed trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Hood River, Oregon Don Lrsen NOAA Fisheries Mollie Middleton nd Jon Dickey UW, School of Aqutic nd Fishery Sciences Ryn Gerstenerger nd Chris Brun Confederted Tries of the Wrm Springs Reservtion Penny Swnson NOAA Fisheries Photo courtesy IDFG
Steelhed, Oncorhynchus mykiss, life history Photo courtesy Mtt Cooper Mturtion & spwning Ocen (1 3 yers) Emryo Andromous Steelhed Estury/erly mrine (2 weeks) Resident Rinow Trout Prr Mturtion in fresh wter Smolt (ge 1-3)
Hood River Bsin, Oregon Co mngers from the Confederted Tries of the Wrm Springs Reservtion (CTWSR) nd ODFW relese ~5K Hood R. winter run steelhed nnully from the Prkdle Fish Fcility nd Est Fork Snd Trp comined.
Independent Scientific Review Pnel (ISRP) 28 21 Review of Revised Hood River Production Mster Pln ISRP Review Summry Residulism y Htchery Steelhed..reviews recommended tht the project sponsors develop M&E protocols to ssess the extent to which the residulism of htchery steelhed is resulting in the displcement of wild fish from Hood River hitt These yerling residuls my compete with nd displce wild underyerling prr.my contriute little or nothing to susequent smolt yields, while few likely mture precociously nd spwn with wild fish, thus decresing fitness of wild spwners.contriuting towrd hyrid swrms with cutthrot trout.. A good strting point.estimte the numer of residuls the htchery is producing.or try to forecst life history types.
Wht re the possile life-history options for Hood River Winter run Steelhed? Smple All Potentilly Residuls Length Emergence Mture 1 (M) Smolt 1 (M/F) Mture 2 (M/F?) Ocen = 1 slt River = RBT (?) Smolt 2 (M/F) Mture 3 (M/F) Smolt 3 (M/F) Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Win Spr Sum Aut Age- Age-1 Age-2 Age-3
Methods Collect 3 Hood River Winter steelhed t Prkdle Fcility in My 212, 213 nd 214 just prior to relese Mesure length, weight, sex, gond weight for GSI, visul sexul development stte, visul smolt stte Collect Gill tissue from mles nd femles Plsm from ll mles Pituitry glnds from ll mles Testes from ll mles
Physiologicl tools to determine life-history Sex of the fish Testes histology chrcterize cell types Mle GSI Mle Plsm 11-KT levels Pituitry mrna trnscript for FSH nd LH in mles Testes mrna for AMH nd IGF-3 (BY 211 nd 213) in mles Mle nd femle Gill N+/K+-ATPse levels Mle nd femle externl ppernce prr mrks or silvering 1 = prr, 2 = trnsitionl, 3 = smolt
Results Sex - 154 femles, 146 mles (51:49) BY 211-165 femles, 135 mles (55:45) BY 212-149 femles, 158 mles (49;51) BY 213 There were only 6 immture prr (smolt index = 1) nd ll were femles All other femles were immture smolts Smolts were the most common life-history in ll yers In mles, mturtion initites efore cler increses in GSI Using histology we recognized 6 different life-history stges (or types) in oth rood yers Other prmeters were required to support the histologicl results
Stge Immture Smolt Undifferentited Type A Spermtogoni
Stge 1 Erly initition of mturtion Type B Spermtogoni Differentited Type A Spermtogoni Stge 1, 2, nd 3 mle fish re ll t vrying stges of inititing mturtion for next spring Stge 2 Mid-initition of mturtion Stge 3 Mid-initition of mturtion Spermtocyte Spermtids Type B Spermtogoni
Precocious Prr Spermtozo
Attempted Mturtion Spermtozo Type B Spermtogoni
GSI (%) GSI (%) BY 211 4.5 3. 1.5.2.1..8.6.4.2 BY 212 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Initited Mturtion c c Histologicl Stge c d d e c c GSI (%) GSI is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 213.5.4.3.2.1. 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge c. 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
BY 211 11KT (ng/ml) 11KT (ng/ml) 4 3 2 1 BY 212 2.5 2. 1.5 Initited Mturtion 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge 1..5. 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge 11KT (ng/ml) Plsm 11-KT is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 213 6 5 4 3 2 1 ANOVA p =.12 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Reltive FSHet/Ef1 expression fsh Reltive FSH expression et/ef1 fsh BY 211 175 15 125 1 75 5 25 BY 212 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Initited Mturtion 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Reltive FSH expression et/ef1 fsh Pituitry FSH mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion BY 213 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Reltive expression lh LH et/ef1 Reltive LHet/Ef1 expression lh BY 211 1 1 1 1 1 BY 212 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 c 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Initited Mturtion c c c 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Pituitry LH mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion Reltive LH et/ef1 expression lh BY 213 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Reltive IGF3/Ef1 expression igf3 BY 211 4 3 2 1 BY 212 Initited Mturtion c 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge Not mesured c Reltive IGF3/Ef1 expression igf3 BY 213 3 2 1 Testiculr IGF3 mrna is low in smolts nd increses with mturtion 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Reltive AMH/Ef1 expression mh BY 211 1 8 6 4 Initited Mturtion c c c c 2 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge BY 212 Not mesured Reltive AMH/Ef1 expression mh BY 213 3 2 1 Testiculr AMH mrna is high in smolts nd decreses with mturtion 1 2 3 PP Att. Mt. Histologicl Stge
Wht out smolting?
Weight (g) Weight (g) BY 211 15 125 1 75 5 25 BY 212 Mles Femles 15 Mles 125 Femles 1 75 5 25 1 2 3 Smolt Index c c Weight (g) BY 213 1 75 5 25 Smolt Index y Size y Sex 15 Mles 125 Femles 1 2 3 Smolt Index 1 2 3 Smolt Index
BY 211 Gill N + /K + -ATPse Gill N + /K + -ATPse 6 5 4 3 2 1 BY 212 6 5 4 3 2 1 Mles Femles 1 2 3 Mles Femles Smolt Index Gill ATPse incresed with higher smolt index BY 213 Gill N + /K + -ATPse 6 5 4 3 2 1 Mles Femles 1 2 3 Smolt Index c c 1 2 3 Smolt Index
Comine ll indices size sex smolting mle mturtion to ctegorize ech fish ccording to life-history type
BY 211 2.% 1.3%.7% 11.7% Life-history forecst 84.3% BY 212 1.3% % 1.7% 86.% 11.% 1.3%.8% 1.6% 7.9% Prr Precocious Mle Prr Attempted Mturtion Smolt (1-slt) 88.4% Smolt (2-3 slt) BY 213 1.%.7% 2.3% 1.% 3 yer Avg. 95.%
Conclusions We hve demonstrted the efficcy of using physiologicl indices t single time point to forecst steelhed lifehistory types Attempted mturtion ppers to e rel phenotype Residulism estimte ~3 5% = out 1,5 2,5 per 5, fish M 2 (.k.. 1 Slts or hlf pounders ) ~ 8% = 5,5 per 5K. Chllenging question do ny of the M 2 s sty in FW (RBT)?
Two more resons to cre out residuls Mturing Testes Yellow Jckets - Good! Chinook eggs - Bd!
Acknowledgements Louis Hrding (UW), Lindsy Brewer (CTWSR) smpling Prkdle Fish Fcility mngement nd stff Grhm Young (UW) Brry Berejikin, Chris Ttr, Jeff Atkins, Ro Endicott, Skip Tezk (NOAA) BPA Htchery Reform Project #199356 Bill Gle, Mtt Cooper, Mtt Hll, Roette Schmit (USFWS) BPA Htchery Reform Project #199356 Funding provided y BPA under project # 1988 53 3 dministrted y Richrd Golden.