Center for Urban Studies Population Briefs June 2001 This is the first in a series of population briefs that the Center for Urban Studies will be issuing on the 2000 Census. Future reports will detail population trends in Southeast Michigan and explore demographic changes that are occurring throughout the state. It is hoped that these reports will be informative and that you will visit our website (www.cus.wayne.edu) to view our additional analyses tables, charts, maps and text. Your comments are always welcomed. Fast Facts The national growth rate between 1990 and 2000 was 13.2 percent, compared to 9.8 percent between 1980 and 1990. The increase of 32.7 million people was fully 10.5 million more than during the previous decade. Michigan grew by 6.9 percent in the same time period, a significant increase over the 1980s growth rate of 0.4 percent but still well below the national average. Michigan s increase of 643,147 people was 19 times its growth in the 1980s. Oakland County led all counties in total population growth with 110,564. Kent County was a distant second with 73,704. Livingston County led all others, both urban and rural, in percent growth with 35.7%. Wayne County ranked first in the state and fourth among all U.S. metropolitan counties in total population loss between 1990 and 2000. Detroit s loss of 76,704 people (7.5 percent) was the lowest, in both number and percent, since its population losses began in the 1950s Michigan s 2000 Population Center for Urban Studies Population Briefs Census 2000, No. 1 National Perspective According to the 2000 U.S. Census, Michigan s population grew by 6.9 percent, or 643,157 people, between 1990 and 2000 (see Table 1). Michigan s growth rate was up from 0.4 percent during the 1980s and 4.3% in the 1970s. While significantly higher than in recent decades, it was still well below the national rate of 13.2 percent. And, in spite of its growth, Michigan lost another Congressional seat, leaving it with 15 when the Congressional elections are held in 2002. Nationally, Michigan ranked 39th among all states by percent population growth, during the decade, and 15th by number of persons added. Of the 14 states above Michigan, only New York, New Jersey and Illinois were outside the South and West regions. Within the Midwest region, Michigan surpassed all states, with the exception of Illinois, in numerical gain, but only Iowa, North Dakota and Ohio in percentage increase. Kurt Metzger Research Director Jason Booza Geographic Information Specialist Center for Urban Studies 656 West Kirby, 3040 F/AB Detroit, Michigan 48202 Phone: 313-577-2208 FAX: 313-577-1274 Email: CUSInfo@wayne.edu Website: www.cus.wayne.edu
Table 1 1980-2000 Population Trends for the U.S., Regions and Midwest States Total Population Change, 1990 to 2000 Change, 1980 to 1990 2000 1990 1980 Numeric Percent Numeric Percent United States 281,421,906 248,709,873 226,542,199 32,712,033 13.2 22,167,674 9.8 Northeast Region 53,594,378 50,809,229 49,136,816 2,785,149 5.5 1,672,413 3.4 South Region 100,236,820 85,445,930 75,367,068 14,790,890 17.3 10,078,862 13.4 West Region 63,197,932 52,786,082 43,171,317 10,411,850 19.7 9,614,765 22.3 Midwest Region 64,392,776 59,668,632 58,866,998 4,724,144 7.9 801,634 1.4 Illinois 12,419,293 11,430,602 11,427,409 988,691 8.6 3,193 0.0 Indiana 6,080,485 5,544,159 5,490,210 536,326 9.7 53,949 1.0 Iowa 2,926,324 2,776,755 2,913,808 149,569 5.4-137,053-4.7 Kansas 2,688,418 2,477,574 2,364,236 210,844 8.5 113,338 4.8 Michigan 9,938,444 9,295,297 9,262,044 643,147 6.9 33,253 0.4 Minnesota 4,919,479 4,375,099 4,075,970 544,380 12.4 299,129 7.3 Missouri 5,595,211 5,117,073 4,916,766 478,138 9.3 200,307 4.1 Nebraska 1,711,263 1,578,385 1,569,825 132,878 8.4 8,560 0.5 North Dakota 642,200 638,800 652,717 3,400 0.5-13,917-2.1 Ohio 11,353,140 10,847,115 10,797,603 506,025 4.7 49,512 0.5 South Dakota 754,844 696,004 690,768 58,840 8.5 5,236 0.8 Wisconsin 5,363,675 4,891,769 4,705,642 471,906 9.6 186,127 4.0 The Story Within Michigan Michigan s rebound of the 1990s was experienced throughout the state. Only nine of Michigan s 83 counties lost population during the 1990s, compared to 30 which lost during the previous decade. Losses tended to concentrate in either central urban counties (Bay, Saginaw, Ingham and Wayne) or rural western Upper Peninsula counties (Gogebic, Iron, Marquette and Ontonogan). The only outlier to this trend was Iosco County which suffered from the closure of a military base early in the decade. Counties in the northwestern portion of the Lower Peninsula, close to Lake Michigan and Grand Traverse Bay (Antrim, Benzie, Charlevoix, Grand Traverse and Leelanau), were the big gainers, in percentage terms, during the decade. This enlarged the area of significant growth that was concentrated in the more central retirement counties (Clare, Gladwin, Kalkaska and Roscommon) 10 years earlier. The overall leader in percent population gain, however, came from the south. Livingston County, benefiting from urban sprawl north from Washtenaw, east from Ingham, and west from Oakland, increased its population during the decade by 35.7 percent (41,306 persons). In terms of total growth, the leaders came from the southern urban portion of the state, primarily the Detroit suburban ring counties and the Grand Rapids core. Oakland County led all others by a significant number, gaining 110,564 people. Kent County came in second at 73,704, followed by Macomb (70,749) and Ottawa (50,546). Nonmetropolitan Growth Michigan s 83 counties can be classified as either metropolitan or nonmetropolitan (often considered rural, though not in census terms) depending upon whether they are part of a metropolitan statistical area. All Michigan counties north of Bay County are nonmetropolitan. They are joined by the three counties that form the Thumb, and several other counties interspersed among Michigan s metropolitan areas. In total, there are 25 metropolitan counties and 58 nonmetropolitan 2
counties. The top 20 growth, by percent, counties were nonmetropolitan, with the exception of Livingston and Ottawa. On average, nonmetro counties grew by 13.2 percent, while metropolitan counties grew by 9.4 percent. The greatest growth amongst among Michigan s nonmetropolitan counties occurred in the northeastern portion of lower-peninsula. These counties grew anywhere from 20% to 31% (see Table 2). However, not all of Michigan s rural counties were able to grow as much as others. The eastern portion of the upper peninsula (Ontonagon, Gogebic, Iron and Marquette) experienced population loss from 1990-2000. Marquette County lost the most: it was down 6,253. Overall, rural counties in Michigan had a higher percentage growth but lower overall growth compared to metropolitan counties. Table 2 Population Change in Michigan s Northwest Lower Peninsula, 1990-2000 Total Population Change, 1990 to 2000 Antrim County 23,110 18,185 4,925 27.1% Benzie County 15,998 12,200 3,798 31.1% Cheboygan County 26,448 21,398 5,050 23.6% Emmet County 31,437 25,040 6,397 25.6% Grand Traverse County 77,654 64,273 13,381 20.8% Kalkaska County 16,571 13,497 3,074 22.8% Leelanau County 21,119 16,527 4,592 27.8% Otsego County 23,301 17,957 5,344 29.8% Charlevoix County 26,090 21,468 4,622 21.5% Metropolitan Growth Michigan s 25 metropolitan counties are grouped into Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) and Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs). Michigan has six MSAs and three PMSAs, which in total account for 8,169,466 people, or 82.2% of Michigan s residents (see Figure 1). Figure 1 Geographic Distribution of Michigan s 2000 Population Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland MSA 11% Ann Arbor PMSA 5.8% Nonmetro Counties 17.8% Kalamazoo-Battle Creek MSA 4.6% Lansing-East Lansing MSA 4.5% Flint PMSA 4.4% Saginaw-Bay City-Midland MSA 4.1% Benton Harbor MSA 1.6% Jackson MSA 1.6% Detroit PMSA 44.7% 3
Michigan s metropolitan areas had growth rates ranging from a low of 0.7 percent in the Benton Harbor MSA to a high of 18.1 percent in the Ann Arbor PMSA (home to Livingston County). The Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland MSA came in second at 16.1 percent, fueled by large increases in three of its four component counties. Table 3 details population trends in each of Michigan s nine metropolitan areas and their component counties. Table 3 Population Change in Michigan s Metropolitan Areas, 1990-2000 Census Population Change, 1990 to 2000 Ann Arbor PMSA 578,736 490,058 88,678 18.1% Lenawee County 98,890 91,476 7,414 8.1% Livingston County 156,951 115,645 41,306 35.7% Washtenaw County 322,895 282,937 39,958 14.1% Benton Harbor MSA 162,453 161,378 1,075 0.7% Berrien County 162,453 161,378 1,075 0.7% Detroit PMSA 4,441,551 4,266,654 174,897 4.1% Lapeer County 87,904 74,768 13,136 17.6% Macomb County 788,149 717,400 70,749 9.9% Monroe County 145,945 133,600 12,345 9.2% Oakland County 1,194,156 1,083,592 110,564 10.2% St. Clair County 164,235 145,607 18,628 12.8% Wayne County 2,061,162 2,111,687-50,525-2.4% Flint PMSA 436,141 430,459 5,682 1.3% Genesee County 436,141 430,459 5,682 1.3% Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland MSA 1,088,514 937,891 150,623 16.1% Allegan County 105,665 90,509 15,156 16.8% Kent County 574,335 500,631 73,704 14.7% Muskegon County 170,200 158,983 11,217 7.1% Ottawa County 238,314 187,768 50,546 26.9% Jackson MSA 158,422 149,756 8,666 5.8% Jackson County 158,422 149,756 8,666 5.8% Kalamazoo-Battle Creek MSA 452,851 429,453 23,398 5.5% Calhoun County 137,985 135,982 2,003 1.5% Kalamazoo County 238,603 223,411 15,192 6.8% Van Buren County 76,263 70,060 6,203 8.8% Lansing-East Lansing MSA 447,728 432,684 15,044 3.5% Clinton County 64,753 57,893 6,860 11.8% Eaton County 103,655 92,879 10,776 11.6% Ingham County 279,320 281,912-2,592-0.9% Saginaw-Bay City-Midland MSA 403,070 399,320 3,750 0.9% Bay County 110,157 111,723-1,566-1.4% Midland County 82,874 75,651 7,223 9.6% Saginaw County 210,039 211,946-1,907-0.9% The 1990s were generally very positive for Michigan s metropolitan counties. Only four of the 25 (Bay, Ingham, Saginaw and Wayne) lost population during the decade, but in each case the loss was considerably less than during the previous decade when four other counties also lost. Metropolitan counties accounted for nine of top10 gainers (see Table 4), and 73 percent of Michigan s population growth between 1990 and 2000. However, they also accounted for four of the nine population losers, with Wayne County leading all others for the third decade in a row (see Table 5) in numerical loss, but ranking fourth in percent loss. 4
Table 4 Top 10 Population Gainers Census Population Change, 1990 to 2000 Oakland County 1,194,156 1,083,592 110,564 10.2% Kent County 574,335 500,631 73,704 14.7% Macomb County 788,149 717,400 70,749 9.9% Ottawa County 238,314 187,768 50,546 26.9% Livingston County 156,951 115,645 41,306 35.7% Washtenaw County 322,895 282,937 39,958 14.1% St. Clair County 164,235 145,607 18,628 12.8% Kalamazoo County 238,603 223,411 15,192 6.8% Allegan County 105,665 90,509 15,156 16.7% Grand Traverse County 77,654 64,273 13,381 20.8% Table 5 Population Losers Census Population Change, 1990 to 2000 Wayne County 2,061,162 2,111,687-50,525-2.4% Marquette County 64,634 70,887-6,253-8.8% Iosco County 27,339 30,209-2,870-9.5% Ingham County 279,320 281,912-2,592-0.9% Saginaw County 210,039 211,946-1,907-0.9% Bay County 110,157 111,723-1,566-1.4% Ontonagon County 7,818 8,854-1,036-11.7% Gogebic County 17,370 18,052 0-3.8% Iron County 13,138 13,175 0-0.3% Metropolitan Detroit Area The Detroit PMSA contains almost half of Michigan s population though it accounts for only 6.8 percent of Michigan s land area. Its growth rate of 4.1% placed it right in the middle of Michigan s nine metro areas, but its increase of 174,897 people placed it comfortably in first. Oakland and Macomb counties accounted for the majority of the area s growth. Their combined increase of 181,313 was actually greater than the MSA total, due to the 50,525 person loss attributable to Wayne County. A major contributing factor to Wayne County s overall loss was the population loss experienced by Detroit, down 76,704 residents from 1990. Among all metropolitan counties in the United States, Wayne County ranked fourth in total population loss between 1990 and 2000. 5
Keweenaw Michigan 1980 to 2000 Population Change Houghton Ontonagan Baraga Luce Gogebic Marquette Alger Iron Schoolcraft Chippewa Dickinson Delta Mackinac Emmet Menominee Cheboygan Presque Isle Charlevoix Montmorency Antrim Otsego Alpena Leelanau t Benzie Manistee Grand Traverse Wexford Kalkaska Missaukee Crawford Roscommon Oscoda Ogemaw Alcona Iosco N Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin Arenac Huron Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay Montcalm Gratiot Saginaw Tuscola Sanilac County Gained in 1990 & 2000 County Lost in 1990 & Gained in 2000 Muskegon Ottawa Kent Ionia Clinton Shiawassee Genesee Lapeer Macomb St. Clair County Lost in 1990 & 2000 Allegan Barry Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland County Gained in 1990 & Lost in 2000 Van Buren Kalamazoo Calhoun Jackson Washtenaw Wayne Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee Monroe 6