Chapter 10 Fluid Power Pneumatics (gas) & Hydraulics (liquid) Use the Textbook Pages 227 254 to help answer the questions
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1. Fluid power systems use the energy found in & to perform work. Pg. 227 Liquids & Gases Liquids & Solids Solids & Gases
2. systems control & transmit energy through the use of oils & liquids similar to oils. Pg. 228 Pneumatic Hydraulic Vacuum
3. systems control & transmit energy through the use of gases from our atmosphere. Pg. 228 http://team358.org/files/pneumatic/5p CYL.gif Pneumatic Hydraulic Vacuum
4. The big advantage of fluid power is its ability to to generate strength. Pg. 229 Multiply Torque Multiply Force Multiply Distance
5. Fluids (liquids & gases) will flow from an area of pressure to an area of pressure. Pg. 230 More to Less High to Low
6. A pressure measures the difference in the pressure within a fluid circuit as compared to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. (14.7 psi at sea level) (GHS is 794 ft. above sea level) Pg. 231 Gauge Wrench Valve
7. A is a device that measures the rate of flow in a fluid power system. Pg. 231 Slow meter Flow meter Grow meter
8. Flow rate in a pneumatic system is expressed in per (CFM). Cubic Feet per Hour Cubic Feet per Second Cubic Feet per Minute Pg. 231
9. Flow rate in a hydraulic system is expressed in per (GPM). Gallons per Hour Gallons per Minute Gallons per Second Pg. 231
10. is the measurement of a fluids resistance to flow or internal friction. Pg. 232 Viscosity Velocity Volumetric
11. Hydraulic supply & transmit the pressure needed to operate a hydraulic power system. Pg. 233 Pumps Motors Gauges
12. Pumps can be either displacement or displacement. Pg. 234 Positive or Non Positive
13. Name the types of pumps pictured below. Pg. 236 Centrifugal Gear Vane or Piston
14. The pump in a pneumatic system is the. Air Compressor Air Depressor Air Regressor Pg. 236
15. Compressors are often mounted on a tank or that stores a large volume of air. Reservoir Box Shed Pg. 236 & 237
16. couplers fasten air hoses & pneumatic tools to the lines in a shop. Slow Quick Handy
17. To prevent dirt & from entering a pneumatic system, the air is filtered & dried. Pg. 238 Moisture Air Gasoline
18. A variable restrictor can start or stop the flow of air in a pneumatic system. Pg. 238 Variable Flow Restrictor Flow Air Gasoline
19. A pressure valve controls pressure coming from the compressor. Pg. 239 Regulating Relief Restrictor
20. A pressure valve is placed in a pneumatic system to limit the maximum pressure. (a.k.a. burp off valve) Pg. 239 Regulating Relief Restrictor
21. Directional control valves are often called valves because of the way they are constructed. Pg. 239 Spool School Stool
22. Actuators, like those below can be either acting or acting cylinders. Single or Double Pg. 244
23. Fluid are devices that convert fluid power into rotary motion. (Vane type & Gear type) Motors Pumps Gauges Pg. 244
Safety rules to follow when working with any fluid power system are: * Always adjust pressure relief valves to provide a safe OPERATING pressure. * Always wear SAFETY glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes. * Make necessary changes and adjustments to fluid circuits when they are NOT under pressure. * Always respect the PRESSURE in fluid circuits & the SPEED at which cylinders can move. Pg. 246
25. Boyle s Laws remind us that liquids are not, but gases are. Flammable Compressible Sensible Pg. 246
70 PSI 324 PSI 8 Cubic Feet 2 Cubic Feet
26. Pascal s Laws mathematically relate,, and in hydraulic circuits Force, Pressure, Area Volts, Amps, Ohms Rate, Distance, Time Pg. 248
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Hydraulics: Use oil & other liquids to transmit force and to multiply force Pneumatics: Use compressed air, nitrogen, and other gases to transmit force and to multiply force Liquids & Gases both flow from high to low pressures A pressure gauge measures system pressure A flowmeter measures the rate of flow CFM or GPM Viscosity: Resistance of a liquid to flow (thickness)
Pumps: Supply a volume of flow Restrictions: Cause the pressure The pump in a pneumatic system is the air compressor Reservoirs hold a volume of fluid in both hydraulic & pneumatic systems Quick Connect fittings are used in both pneumatic & hydraulic systems Air must be conditioned by filtering & drying it
Always adjust pressure relief valves to provide a safe operating pressure. Always wear safety glasses or a face shield to protect your eyes. Make necessary changes and adjustments to fluid circuits when they are not under pressure. Always respect the pressure in fluid circuits and respect the speed at which cylinders can move.
Boyle s Law Boyle's Law relates the volume and pressure of an ideal gas held at a constant temperature. Robert Boyle (25 January 1627 30 December 1691) was an Anglo Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor, and early gentleman scientist, noted for his work in physics and chemistry. He is best known for the formulation of Boyle's law. Although his research and personal philosophy clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, he is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry. He is very famous in the science world for being the first scientist that kept accurate experiment logs. Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry.
Pascal's Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can't flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. 10,000# 40,000# 1000 PSI 10 Square Inches 40 Square Inches
Pascal s Law Energy, Power & Transportation Technology Pascal's Law states that if you apply pressure to fluids that are confined (or can't flow to anywhere), the fluids will then transmit (or send out) that same pressure in all directions at the same rate. Blaise Pascal (pronounced [blez pɑskɑl]), (June 19, 1623 August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. He was a child prodigy who was educated by his father. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators, the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by generalizing the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote powerfully in defense of the scientific method. He was a mathematician of the first order. Pascal helped create two major new areas of research. He wrote a significant treatise on the subject of projective geometry at the age of sixteen and corresponded with Pierre de Fermat from 1654 and later on probability theory, strongly influencing the development of modern economics and social science. Following a mystical experience in late 1654, he abandoned his scientific work and devoted himself to philosophy and theology.
Input Force Output Force 18 In 2 Piston Area 2 In 2 Piston Area 9:1 Mechanical Advantage
Automotive Brake System