The potential of improved Water Distribution Management in the Urban Nexus Fifth Regional Workshop on Integrated Resource Management in Asian Cities: The Urban Nexus, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 17.-19. June 2015 Younes Hassib (civil engineer) Sector Planner GIZ - Water Competence Centre Seite 1
Water Energy Water WATER to ENERGY: Annual global water withdrawal for energy production is 580 billion m³/year (or 15% of the freshwater consumption) (source: OECD/IEA, 2012) 70 billion m³/year are not returned to its source (source: OECD/IEA, 2012) ENERGY to WATER: The US consumes annually 520 Million MWh on water related energy use This corresponds with 13% of all electricity consumption in the country (source: The carbon footprint of water, River Network, 2009) Seite 2
... let us put energy consumption into proportion... For example for lifting water: 1 m³ 1 m³ lift 1 m up! = equals ½ hour... For example for water desalination: 1 m³ 1 m³ = equals 200 minutes Seite 3
How much energy is used at what stage? Water Production and Conveyance Water Treatment Water Distribution Wastewater collection & treatment low 0,00 kwh/m³ 0,03 kwh/m³ 0,07 kwh/m³ 0,19 kwh/m³ high 3,73 kwh/m³ 4,27 kwh/m³ 0,32 kwh/m³ 1,23 kwh/m³ average --> 1,87 kwh/m³ 2,15 kwh/m³ 0,19 kwh/m³ 0,71 kwh/m³ accumulated --> 1,87 kwh/m³ 4,01 kwh/m³ 4,21 kwh/m³ 4,91 kwh/m³ What can we do to reduce the energy demand? Not much! Little!... we can do much better! optimize! Seite 4
... so what are the common problems with WATER DISTRIBUTION? Poor workmanship Worn material Bad management of house connections No data! Seite 5
... which result mostly in WATER LOSSES?... and generally poor asset management! Seite 6
How much water is effectively lost? Source: Guidelines for water loss reduction, giz, 2011 Seite 7
wasting WATER = wasting ENERGY! leak diameter leakage flow rate* low cost scenario high cost scenario [mm] [litres/minute] [m³/year] [kwh/year]** [USD/year]**** [kwh/year]*** [USD/year]**** 0,5 0,33 170 20 2 340 27 1,0 0,97 500 50 4 1.000 80 1,5 1,82 940 90 7 1.880 150 2,0 3,16 1.640 160 13 3.280 260 3,0 8,15 4.220 420 34 8.440 680 4,0 14,80 7.670 770 62 15.340 1.230 5,0 22,30 11.560 1.160 93 23.120 1.850 6,0 30,00 15.550 1.560 120 31.100 2.490 7,0 39,30 20.370 2.040 160 40.740 3.260 *) 5 bar press ure **) at 0,1 kwh/m³ ***) at 2,0 kwh/m³ ****) assuming 0.08 USD/kWh Seite 8
How to improve water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! Seite 9
How to optimize the water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network Seite 10
How to optimize the water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network - Create district metering areas (DMA s) ZONE 1 VALVE ZONE 2 ZONE 4 ZONE 3 Seite 11
How to improve water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network - Create district metering areas (DMA s) - Measure flow and correlate to subscribers ZONE 1 ZONE METERS VALVE ZONE 2 ZONE 4 ZONE 3 Seite 12
1. Understand your distribution system! - Document the network How to improve water distribution? - Create district metering areas (DMA s) - Measure flow and correlate to subscribers - Develop Water Balance (according to the International Water Association, IWA) Seite 13
1. Understand your distribution system! 2. Improve the system! How to improve water distribution? - Develop a Loss reduction strategy - Carry out leak detection measures - Implement construction measures: Short term solution: Reduce network pressure Investment: 50.000 USD Water saved: 1.500 m³/night Households served: 15.000 Payback-period: 2 years Financed through: GIZ-PPP Seite 14
How to improve water distribution? 1. Understand your distribution system! 2. Improve the system! - Develop a Loss reduction strategy - Carry out leak detection measures - Implement construction measures: Short term solution: Reduce network pressure Long term solution: Repair the network Cost depend on many parameters and need to be studied carefully!... but if well done, it is definitively worth the effort! Seite 15
Thank You for your attention!... for more information please visit our website: http://www.waterloss-reduction.com/ Seite 16