Emergency first aid skills

Emergency first aid skills UV20560 Y/600/1250 Learner name: VRQ Learner number:

VTCT is the specialist awarding body for the Hairdressing, Beauty Therapy, Complementary Therapy and Sport and Active Leisure sectors, with over 45 years of experience. VTCT is an awarding body regulated by national organisations including Ofqual, SQA, DCELLS and CCEA. VTCT is a registered charity investing in education and skills but also giving to good causes in the area of facial disfigurement. Statement of unit achievement By signing this statement of unit achievement you are confirming that all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and range statements have been achieved under specified conditions and that the evidence gathered is authentic. This statement of unit achievement table must be completed prior to claiming certification. Unit code Date achieved Learner signature Assessor initials IV signature (if sampled) Assessor tracking table All assessors using this Record of Assessment book must complete this table. This is required for verification purposes. Assessor name Assessor signature Assessors initials Assessor number (optional)

UV20560 Emergency first aid skills It is the aim of this unit to develop your knowledge and practical competencies to deal with the range of emergency first aid situations contained in this unit. To achieve this unit you must demonstrate the practical administration of safe, prompt, effective first aid in emergency situations with an understanding of the role of the first aider including equipment use, record keeping and basic hygiene. Upon successful completion of this unit you will become an approved HSE emergency first aider and will receive a VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work (QCF) certificate. The Emergency First Aid at Work (EFAW) certificate is valid for three years. Up to three months before the expiry date you can undertake another EFAW course. If retraining has not been undertaken during this time, it should be completed within 28 days beyond the expiry date. UV20560_v5

Level 2 Credit value 1 GLH 10 Observation(s) 1 External paper(s) 0

Emergency first aid skills Learning outcomes On completion of this unit you will: 1. Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally 2. Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally 3. Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking 4. Be able to manage a casualty who is wounded and bleeding 5. Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock 6. Understand the role and responsibilities of an emergency first aider 7. Know how to assess an incident 8. Understand how to manage a casualty with a minor injury Evidence requirements 1. Simulation Simulation is allowed in this unit. 2. Observation outcomes Competent performance of Observation outcomes must be demonstrated to your assessor on at least one occasion. 3. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the Knowledge section of this unit. This evidence may include worksheets*, projects, assignments, case studies, reflective accounts, oral/written questioning and/or other forms of evidence. 4. Worksheets* First aid worksheets produced by VTCT can be completed and used as evidence in your portfolio, these worksheets are not mandatory and your tutor may choose to use other forms of evidence (VTCT first aid worksheets can be downloaded by your tutor or assessor from Linx2Achieve on the VTCT website). 5. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes in this unit. All outcomes must be competently achieved. 6. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit. UV20560 3

Guidance for trainers Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidance for trainers Health and Safety Executive (HSE) guidance for trainers: 1. Number of trainers Training centres should have at least two trainers. All portfolios (see item 2) should be current, regularly reviewed and contain up to date chronological evidence to confirm competence. 2. Qualifications and experience of trainers Each trainer should have a personal portfolio that contains: current and valid FAW certificate (unless exempt see item 4); formal training/teaching qualification (see item 3), and either; detailed, chronological list of evidence to show the trainer has regularly provided FAW/EFAW training during the previous three years. If this is limited, evidence of other first aid training that demonstrates all the elements of the EFAW syllabus are covered by the trainer s experience; or evidence to show the trainer has conducted at least two practical and two theoretical first aid training sessions under the supervision of a qualified assessor, in the last three years. 3. Formal training/teaching qualifications The qualifications listed are acceptable. However, the list is not definitive and is only a guide: Further and Adult Education Teachers Certificate; Cert Ed/PGCE/B Ed/M Ed; PTLLS/CTLLS/DTLLS; NVQ Level 3 in Training and Development; NVQ Level 4 in Training and Development IHCD; Instructional Methods; IHCD Instructor Certificate; First Aid at Work Trainer/Assessor Qualification; English National Board 998; and Training Group A22, B22, C21, C23, C24. No formal qualification If the trainer has no formal qualification, then significant experience in undertaking this role may be considered. The portfolio should include details of knowledge and experience gained and the time period over which they were applied, and any contributing training undertaken and the learning outcomes achieved. There should be evidence that the individual has conducted at least two practical and two theoretical first aid training sessions under the supervision of a qualified assessor. 4. Exemptions from the requirement to hold an FAW certificate: All trainers should have a valid FAW certificate. The following are exempt from this requirement: doctors registered with the General Medical Council (GMC); nurses registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC); and paramedics registered with the Health Professions Council (HPC). 4 UV20560

For these exemptions to apply, the trainer should demonstrate current experience (within the previous three years) of first aid skills by producing sufficient evidence in their portfolio. 5. EFAW course duration The EFAW should contain at least 6 contact hours. Contact hours refer to teaching and practical time and do not include lunch and breaks etc. The course is run over a minimum of one day. However, it can be run over a longer period, not exceeding four weeks, where each session lasts at least two hours. 7. Note for tutors and assessors HSE emergency first aid procedures are occasionally updated and protocols may change. It is your tutor s/assessor s responsibility to ensure that you are provided with training that reflects current HSE requirements. Such information, if applicable must be communicated to you by your tutor/ assessor prior to undertaking this qualification. This unit s content section was produced in line with HSE requirements as of 1st October 2010. 6. EFAW training equipment and venue It is important there is a sufficient range of equipment to support all elements of the training. Where appropriate, there should be procedures in place for maintaining hygiene when using equipment. There should be one CPR manikin to every four students and a sufficient quantity of dressings/bandages for the number of students being trained. The premises should be conducive to learning. Training centres do not need to use their own training premises. Using hired premises or client facilities is acceptable. Training centres should ensure that all premises used are fit for purpose. For further information please download the HSE s Training standard for delivery of emergency first aid at work courses for the purposes of the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981. This can be obtained from Linx2Exchange and http://www.hse.gov.uk/ pubns/web46.pdf. UV20560 5

Achieving observations and range Achieving observation outcomes Your assessor will observe your performance of practical tasks. The minimum number of observations required is indicated in the evidence requirements section of this unit. Achieving range There is no range section that applies to this unit. Criteria may not always naturally occur during a practical observation. In such instances you will be required to produce supplementary evidence or asked questions to demonstrate your competence in this area. Your assessor will document the criteria that have been achieved through oral questioning. Your assessor will sign off an outcome when all criteria have been competently achieved. 6 UV20560

Observations Outcome 1 Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally You can: a. Demonstrate how to assess a casualty s level of consciousness b. Demonstrate how to open a casualty s airway and check breathing c. Demonstrate how to place an unconscious casualty into the recovery position that maintains an open airway and explain why it is important *May be assessed through oral questioning. Observation 1 Optional Optional Date achieved Criteria questioned orally Portfolio reference Assessor initials Learner signature UV20560 7

Outcome 2 Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally You can: a. Demonstrate how to administer effective Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation using a manikin *May be assessed through oral questioning. Observation 1 Optional Optional Date achieved Criteria questioned orally Portfolio reference Assessor initials Learner signature 8 UV20560

Outcome 3 Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking You can: a. Demonstrate how to treat a casualty who is choking *May be assessed through oral questioning. Observation 1 Optional Optional Date achieved Criteria questioned orally Portfolio reference Assessor initials Learner signature UV20560 9

Outcome 4 Be able to manage a casualty who is wounded and bleeding You can: a. Demonstrate how to control severe external bleeding *May be assessed through oral questioning. Observation 1 Optional Optional Date achieved Criteria questioned orally Portfolio reference Assessor initials Learner signature 10 UV20560

Outcome 5 Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock You can: a. Demonstrate how to manage a casualty who is in shock *May be assessed through oral questioning. Observation 1 Optional Optional Date achieved Criteria questioned orally Portfolio reference Assessor initials Learner signature UV20560 11

Developing knowledge Achieving knowledge outcomes You will be guided by your tutor and assessor on the evidence that needs to be produced. Your knowledge and understanding will be assessed using the assessment methods listed below: Where possible your assessor will integrate knowledge outcomes into practical observations through oral questioning. Observed work Witness statements Audio-visual media Evidence of prior learning or attainment Written questions Oral questions Assignments Case studies 12 UV20560

Knowledge Outcome 1 Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally You can: Portfolio reference/ Assessor initials d. Describe how to treat a casualty who is in seizure *Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. UV20560 13

Outcome 3 Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking You can: Portfolio reference/ Assessor initials b. Describe how to identify a casualty with a partially and completely blocked airway obstruction *Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. 14 UV20560

Outcome 5 Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock You can: Portfolio reference/ Assessor initials b. Describe signs and symptoms of shock *Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. UV20560 15

Outcome 6 Understand the role and responsibilities of an emergency first aider You can: Portfolio reference/ Assessor initials a. Identify the role and responsibilities of an emergency first aider b. Describe how to minimise the risk of infection to self and others c. Describe how to complete an incident report form d. Identify the first aid equipment available and describe how it can be used safely *Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. 16 UV20560

Outcome 7 Know how to assess an incident You can: Portfolio reference/ Assessor initials a. Describe how to conduct a scene survey b. Describe how to make a primary survey of a casualty c. Identify when and how to call for help *Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. UV20560 17

Outcome 8 Understand how to manage a casualty with a minor injury You can: Portfolio reference/ Assessor initials a. Describe how to manage a casualty with: small cuts, grazes and bruises minor burns and scalds small splinters *Assessor initials to be inserted if orally questioned. 18 UV20560

Unit content This section provides guidance on the recommended knowledge and skills required to enable you to achieve each of the learning outcomes in this unit. Your tutor/assessor will ensure you have the opportunity to cover all of the unit content. Note for tutors and assessors: HSE emergency first aid procedures are occasionally updated and protocols may change. It is your responsibility to ensure that you provide training that reflects current HSE requirements. Outcome 1: Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally Assessing level of consciousness: Observing the casualty on approach, AVPU scale (alert, respond to voice, respond to pain, unresponsive to any stimulus). Opening a casualty s airway/breathing check: Head tilt, chin lift technique/ position, how to check breathing (look for chest movement, listen for sounds of breathing and feel for breaths on your cheek). Recovery position: Placing an unconscious casualty into the recovery position (kneeling beside casualty, remove spectacles and any other bulky objects, position of self, safe movement of casualty, correct final position including hand on cheek, upper hip and knee at right angles and head tilted to maintain open airway), importance (prevent choking, maintain open airway). Seizure treatment: Protecting the casualty by making space around casualty and asking bystanders to move away, remove potentially dangerous items, such as hot drinks and sharp objects, note the time the seizure started, protecting the head by surrounding with soft padding and loosening tight clothing around neck, open casualty s airway when convulsions have ceased and check breathing, recovery position if breathing, monitoring and recording vital signs, note the duration of the seizure. UV20560 19

Outcome 2: Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally Administering cardio pulmonary resuscitation: Kneel beside the casualty, apply correct hand position/technique (location of hand position, interlocking fingers, ensuring fingers are kept off the ribs), compression technique (leaning over casualty with arms straight, vertical push on breastbone, 4-5cm depression), release pressure without removing hands, allowing complete recoil before giving next compression, administer 30 compressions (at a rate of 100 compressions per minute), open the airway with one hand on forehead and two fingers from the other hand under the tip of the chin, pinch the soft part of the nose with the finger and thumb, allow the casualty s mouth to fall open, administer a breath (maintain a good seal, blow steadily into the casualty s mouth until the chest rises, should take approx 1 second, maintain head position throughout), maintain head tilt and chin lift, look to see the chest fall, provide a second rescue breath, repeat 30 chest compressions without delay followed by two rescue breaths, continue the cycle until emergency help arrives and takes over, the casualty starts to breathe normally or you become too exhausted to carry on. Outcome 3: Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking Identifying an airway obstruction: Recognition of a mild obstruction (casualty able to speak, cough and breathe, persistent cough), severe obstruction (difficulty speaking, coughing or breathing, pointing to throat or grasping neck, eventual loss of consciousness). Treating a casualty who is choking: Encourage coughing, remove obvious obstructions from the mouth, back blows (five sharp blows, between shoulder blades with heel of hand, upper body supported and casualty leaning forward, stop if obstruction clears and check mouth), abdominal thrusts (if back blows fail to clear obstruction, standing behind casualty with both arms around upper part of abdomen, casualty bending forwards, clench fist and place between the navel and bottom of the breastbone, grasp fist firmly with other hand, pull sharply inwards and upwards up to five times, check mouth), if obstruction not cleared then repeat back blows and abdominal thrusts up to three times, call 999 for emergency help if obstruction not cleared. 20 UV20560

Outcome 4: Be able to manage a casualty who is wounded and bleeding Controlling severe external bleeding: Remove or cut clothing to expose the wound, apply direct pressure over the wound (with fingers using a sterile dressing or clean, non-fluffy pad, if there is no dressing then ask casualty to apply their own pressure), raise and support the injured limb above the level of the casualty s heart to reduce blood loss, help the casualty to lie down as shock is likely to develop, raise and support the legs so they are above the level of the heart, if bleeding shows through the dressing, apply a second one on top of the first, remove both dressings and apply a fresh one if blood seeps through both dressings, support the injured part in a raised position with a sling or bandage, check circulation beyond the bandage every ten minutes (if circulation is impaired, loosen the bandage and reapply), call 999 for emergency help, monitor and record vital signs (level of response, breathing and pulse). Outcome 5: Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock Signs and symptoms of shock: Initially (a rapid pulse, pale cold and clammy skin and sweating), as shock develops (rapid, shallow breathing, a weak thready pulse, grey-blue skin or cyanosis, weakness and dizziness, nausea and possibly vomiting and thirst), as the brain s oxygen supply weakens (restlessness and aggressiveness, yawning and gasping for air, unconsciousness and finally the heart will stop). Managing a casualty in shock: Treat any possible causes of shock that you can detect such as severe bleeding or serious burns, help the casualty to lie down (on a rug or blanket if there is one), raise and support the casualty s legs above the level of their heart to improve blood supply to vital organs, prevent casualty from making any unnecessary movements, loosen tight clothing at the neck, chest and waist to reduce constriction. UV20560 21

Outcome 6: Understand the role and responsibilities of an emergency first aider Roles and responsibilities: Assess a situation quickly and calmly, protect yourself and any casualties from danger, prevent cross-infection, comfort and reassure casualty, assess the casualty, provide early treatment, treating casualties with the most serious conditions first, arrange for appropriate help. Minimising risk of cross-infection: Washing hands and wearing latex free disposable gloves, covering cuts and grazes on hands with waterproof dressings, wearing a plastic apron if dealing with large quantities of body fluids and wearing plastic glasses to protect eyes, safe disposal of waste, avoid touching wound with bare hands, avoid breathing, coughing or sneezing over a wound whilst treating a casualty. Completing an incident report form: Completing an accident/incident book (date, time and place, name and job of the injured/ill person, what happened, name and signature of first aider or person dealing with incident). First aid equipment: Sterile dressings (wound dressings, adhesive dressings or plasters), bandages (roller, triangular and gauze tubular), protective items (disposable gloves, face shield and pocket mask), additional items (cleansing wipes, gauze pads, adhesive tape, scissors, shears and tweezers, pins and clips), for outdoor use (blanket, torch and whistle). Outcome 7: Know how to assess an incident Conducting a scene survey: Safety (assessing for dangers, wearing of protective equipment, safe enough to approach casualty), scene (factors involved at the incident, mechanisms of injuries, number of casualties, potential injuries), situation (incident details, ages of those involved). Conducting a primary survey of a casualty: An initial and rapid assessment of a casualty to establish and treat conditions that are an immediate threat to life, response, airway, breathing, circulation. Calling for help: Life-saving priorities, chain of survival (early call for help), when to call for help (conscious, unconscious, breathing and non-breathing casualties), calling for help (self, use of bystanders). 22 UV20560

Outcome 8: Understand how to manage a casualty with a minor injury Managing small cuts and grazes: Rinse under water or use alcohol-free wipes, pat the wound dry using a gauze swab and cover it with a sterile gauze, avoid touching the wound, raise and support the injured part above the level of the heart, clean the area around the wound with soap and water (wipe away from the wound using a clean swab for each stroke), pat dry, remove the wound covering and apply a sterile dressing, if there is a particular risk of infection, advise the casualty to seek medical advice. Managing bruises: Raise and support the injured body part in a comfortable position, apply firm pressure to the bruise using a cold compress for at least ten minutes. Managing minor burns and scalds: Flood the injured body part with cold water for at least ten minutes or until the pain is relieved, gently remove any jewellery, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell, cover the burn with kitchen film or place a clean plastic bag over a foot or hand, seek medical advice if the casualty is a child, or if you are in any doubt about the casualty s condition. Managing small splinters: Gently clean the area around the splinter with soap and warm water, grasp the splinter with tweezers as close to the skin as possible, draw the splinter out in a straight line at the same angle that it went into the skin, carefully squeeze the wound to encourage a little bleeding to flush out any remaining dirt, clean and dry the wound and cover with a dressing. UV20560 23

Notes Use this area for making notes and drawing diagrams 24 UV20560