00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 1 of 20 Course Title: Radiological Control Technician Module Title: Radiological Incidents and Emergencies Module Number: 2.13 Objectives: 2.13.01 Describe the general response and responsibilities of an RCT during any incident. 2.13.02 Identify any emergency equipment and facilities that are available, including the location and contents of emergency equipment kits. 2.13.03 Describe the RCT response to a Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) alarm. 2.13.04 Describe the RCT response to a personnel contamination monitor alarm. 2.13.05 Describe the RCT response to alarming or lost dosimetry. 2.13.06 Describe the RCT response to rapidly increasing, unanticipated radiation levels or an area radiation monitor alarm. 2.13.07 Describe the RCT response to a dry or liquid radioactive material spill. 2.13.08 Describe the RCT response to a fire in a radiological area or involving radioactive materials. 2.13.09 Describe the RCT response to other specific facility incidents (as applicable). 2.13.10 Describe the response levels associated with radiological emergencies. 2.13.11 Describe facility specific procedures for documenting radiological incidents. 2.13.12 Identify the structure of the emergency response organization at your facility. 2.13.13 Identify the available offsite incident support groups and explain the assistance that each group can provide. 2.13.14 Discuss radiological incidents at the plant or other plants, including cause, prevention, and recommended incident response.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 2 of 20 INTRODUCTION \Many people believe "it can't happen here" or "it won't happen to me" and do not take incident response planning seriously. But, incidents do occur, and experience has shown that the best response comes from workers who have prepared themselves with a plan for dealing with incidents. Each incident may be unique and no plan can be expected to give an exact solution to every problem, but a step by step approach for responding to a problem will help assure an appropriate response. REFERENCES 1. 10 CFR 835 Occupational Radiation Protection 2. DOE Order 151.1C Comprehensive Emergency Management System 3. PRD 183 ICP Radiological Control Manual 4. MCP 9 Maintaining the Radiological Control Logbook. 5. MCP 120 Response to an Accidental Criticality 6. MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations 7. MCP 148 Personnel Decontamination 8. MCP 358 CAM Alarm Setpoints 9. MCP 2381 Personnel Exposure Questionnaire 10. Laboratory wide Manual 16A Emergency Preparedness Base Plan (INL) 11. EPI 8 Operational Emergency Categorization and Classification (INL) 12. EPI 51 INTEC Facility Emergency Radiological Monitoring (INL) 13. EPI 53 RWMC Facility Emergency Radiological Monitoring (INL) 14. EPI 54 TAN Facility Emergency Radiological Monitoring (INL) 15. EPI 55 RTC Facility Emergency Radiological Monitoring (INL) 16. EPI 57 Site Area Emergency Radiological Monitoring (INL) 17. EPI 76 Radiological Emergency Exposure Control (INL)
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 3 of 20 Radiological Incidents and Emergencies A radiological incident is an unplanned event involving radiation or radioactive materials (part of an emergency). The response taken to an incident is usually governed by normal procedures. General emergency response procedures make the priority of protecting personnel first. An emergency is declared when an event occurs that represent a specific threat to workers and the public due to the release or potential release of significant quantities of radiological and/or non radiological hazardous materials. Emergencies are classified, in order of increasing severity, as an Alert, Site Area Emergency, or General Emergency. Classification aids in the rapid communication of critical information and the initiation of appropriate time urgent emergency response actions. Causes of radiological incidents and emergencies could be one or more of several reasons: Ignorance Forgetfulness Oversight Unforeseen circumstances Communications failures Mechanical failures Human error Natural disasters Having general guidance on response and a general plan of approach is good ALARA philosophy, because part of an appropriate response is the risk incurred by the responders and those involved as well as what is deemed to be an "acceptable" risk. 2.13.01: Describe the general response and responsibilities of an RCT during any incident. General Response to Emergencies Although Radiological Control personnel respond to an emergency using basic guidelines, an area or facility may have specific procedures which have priority over these guidelines. The priority of these procedures is to protect personnel first. Radiological Control personnel must be familiar with the emergency procedures and the types of equipment applicable to each facility to which they are assigned. The basic guidelines can then be used in conjunction with the specific procedures. Even with general or specific guidelines one's actions may change depending on the severity of an incident or whether one is a first responder, one of many responders, or a backup person.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 4 of 20 The basic emergency response guidelines are: 1. Define and assess the problem. Typically, personnel at the scene are a good source of information; however, remote instrumentation and other resources should not be overlooked. 2. Attempt to stop the cause of the emergency. No undue risks should be taken. One must always be aware that careless action may cause him or her to become part of the problem. Do not operate equipment, shut breakers, close ventilation dampers or valves etc., if not trained to do so. 3. Notify facility management and safety personnel. Minor incidents that can be handled by a single responding person may only require a telephone call when the opportunity presents itself. If more than one person is needed for an appropriate response, activate the site emergency response network by dialing 777 onsite, 9 911 in town, or 526 1515 to activate the Warning Communications Center (WCC) when an event with serious consequences is identified. 4. Warn personnel in the area of the emergency. This keeps unnecessary personnel away from the event site, minimizing their exposure and risk. 5. Isolate the area. Install barriers as quickly as possible to establish an exclusion area. The exclusion area may be very large initially. The following are factors in determining the size of the exclusion area: internal and external exposure rates, potential for criticality, possible spread of radioactive contamination or other hazardous material, weather conditions, non radiological hazards, and security (site security may assist in establishing boundaries). Normal operations may continue outside the exclusion area. Enlist whatever resources and personnel that are available to accomplish isolation and be prepared to help others in this endeavor even if the incident does not involve a radiological risk. 6. Minimize personnel exposure by complying with EPI 76, Radiological Emergency Exposure Control. During the initial response, remember to use ALARA concepts, as practical. Plan supplemental operations as necessary to ensure personnel exposure is minimized. The following are guidelines for control of emergency exposures: a. Up to 10 rem for protecting major property and where lower dose limit is not practicable. b. Up to 25 rem for lifesaving or protection of large populations where lower dose limit is not practicable. c. Above 25 rem for lifesaving or protection of large populations. Only on a voluntary basis and personnel must be fully aware of the risks involved. 7. Request facility management to secure unfiltered ventilation. Close entrances, windows, and the supply ventilation systems as necessary. Remember that most
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 5 of 20 facilities are designed for proper ventilation and frequently one merely has to ensure that the design condition are being met such as closing doors, windows, and other openings that should not be open. One should only alter designed ventilation if it is obvious that ventilation and improper air flow patterns are contributing to the incident and impeding bringing it under control. Even with the decision to change ventilation, one should consult with facility management to determine the impact of changing ventilation on other activities that may be affected. 8. Perform surveys. Radiological Control personnel are trained to perform emergency surveys. The types of surveys will vary with the nature of the emergency. Good quality surveys take time. Do not short cut or speed up surveys unless a real need, such as a medical emergency, exists. 9. Initiate the recovery. This includes clean up operations, decontamination and moving the exclusion area barricade inward. The RCT is the person on site that has the experience, instruments, and the responsibility for radiation safety. Other personnel will seek an RCT out for answers. Be prepared to respond with answers, directives, and/or suggestions. Don't assume others will automatically know what to do. Debriefings for lessons learned typically obtain good information from the initial responders to incidents. 2.13.02: Identify any emergency equipment and facilities that are available, including the location and contents of emergency equipment kits. Facilities and Equipment RCTs should know the resources and equipment available to them in the area where they are working. These resources include the physical location, people, equipment, and communications. Facilities RCTs should have a thorough knowledge and understanding of processes and hazards of their assigned facility. This should include knowledge of the Site Emergency Response Plan. These plans usually contain information concerning evacuation routes, staging areas, handling of contaminated personnel, and information concerning off site support organizations. Equipment Typically, facilities maintain "emergency kits/cabinets" which contain supplies used in responding to emergencies. These kits/cabinets usually contain smears, gloves, bags, posting supplies such as barrier rope and placards, dosimetry, respiratory equipment, and a copy of facility emergency procedures.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 6 of 20 Facility specific training on objective 2.13.02 is done in RCT facility specific site academic training. 2.13.03: Describe the RCT response to a Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) alarm. Response to a Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) Alarm Airborne radioactivity may be caused by a breach in a system; or re suspension of particulate radioactivity due to work evolutions such a welding, grinding, or other heavy work. Indications that an airborne contamination event is occurring include CAM alarms, air samples exceeding limits, and increasing radiation levels. Initial Response 1. If there are any personnel working in the area, warn them to stop operations that may be causing the airborne radioactivity and exit the affected area. 2. Isolate the affected area in a safe condition. 3. Request facility management to secure unfiltered ventilation 4. Contact line or facility management for support Supplemental Actions (re entry) 1. Upon re entry, don respiratory equipment and protective clothing based on conditions of the event 2. Evaluate the affected area by taking an air sample, measuring radiation levels, and checking for CAM malfunction 3. Obtain additional air samples as necessary to determine boundaries and maintain access control 4. Identify isotope(s) to help determine problem source and protective measures 5. Consider additional HEPA filtered ventilation to minimize personnel exposure and reduce the need for respiratory equipment 6. Measure and control surface contamination to minimize the spread of contamination 7. Survey exhaust systems, ventilation filters, and ducts. Have decontamination performed as necessary to minimize contamination spread 8. Evaluate the potential for internal exposure and contact facility radiological engineer for proper internal dosimetry protocol 9. Personnel should be interviewed for information on any off normal event which could have caused the alarm 10. Take air samples, once operations resume, to verify that the cause of airborne activity has been corrected
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 7 of 20 Section 4.1 Response to CAM Alarm of MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations states the following initial action for RCT response to a CAM alarm PRIOR to reentry into the area; Check remote readouts such as computer consoles, charts, or remote meters. (A malfunctioning CAM will normally show as a single spike, followed by a return to normal levels or to zero. High radiation will show as a sudden increase that will be sustained at a higher level, or in the case of a transient field, return to normal levels.) Prior to reentry, don respiratory equipment and protective clothing based on conditions of the event using a conservative approach making note if area is under deactivation and decontamination activity or if transuranic (TRU) materials may be present. Refer to Section 4.1 Response to CAM Alarm of MCP 124 for complete CAM alarm responses. 2.13.04: Describe the RCT response to a personnel contamination monitor alarm. Response to Personnel Contamination Monitor Alarm Initial Response 1. Instruct affected worker to remain in area (stand fast). 2. Report to the scene with at least portable instruments for direct surveys and smear media. 3. Upon arriving at the scene, guide the affected worker to recheck in the PCM. Note the alarming zones, affected areas and levels of contamination (if available). 4. Perform whole body surveys (frisks) with hand held instrumentation for the appropriate type of radiation (alpha and/or beta gamma). If no activity is detected, request the affected worker to recheck in the PCM again. If the PCM does not alarm, the individual may be released. 5. If the PCM again alarms; note the alarming zones, affected areas and levels of contamination (if available). Re survey the affected areas with the appropriate instrumentation. If no activity is found, release the individual and initiate an inspection of the PCM for [possible malfunctions. 6. If contamination is found during whole body surveys, (frisks), take actions to minimize cross contamination, such as covering or placing a glove over a contaminated hand.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 8 of 20 Supplemental Actions 1. Survey affected area to characterize the extent of contamination. 2. Suspect an in take if contamination is verified. Survey facial area for contamination, taking nasal smears or nose blows. If positive, contact RCT supervision and refer to your facility specific procedures. 3. If contaminated, follow up actions include saving any radioactive material pertaining to the contamination event, as this may help characterize the event at a later time. 4. Refer to facility specific procedures if contamination persists. 5. Document all surveys and estimate skin dose on proper forms. Do not unduly delay any decontamination efforts by taking too long in documenting contamination for skin dose estimates. Remember that dose is being incurred all the time that the skin is contaminated. Think ALARA, especially in the case of high energy beta emitters. 6. Report all confirmed skin contaminations to RCT supervision and refer to your facility specific procedures if transporting to a medical facility. 7. Gather appropriate information for follow up surveys. Follow up actions Follow up actions should be in accordance with the facility procedure. These typically include: 1. Removal of contaminated clothing or decontamination of minor skin contamination. Decontaminate skin using mild non abrasive soap and tepid water or decon towelettes. Continue decon as long as significant reduction in activity is occurring after each decon. Do not irritate the skin. 2. Verification that personnel monitoring equipment is working properly. Equipment should not be returned to service until all problems are resolved. Alarms can be caused by a variety of equipment failures or by "nuisance" non work related situations such as environmental radon resulting from local conditions. See section 4.9 Response to a Suspected Personnel Contamination Event of MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations for initial RCT response to a personnel contamination monitor alarm. 2.13.05: Describe the RCT response to alarming or lost dosimetry. RESPONSE TO ALARMING OR LOST DOSIMETRY
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 9 of 20 The following RCT responses and actions are generated from the following ICP procedures; MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations MCP 2381 Personnel Exposure Questionnaire Alarming Electronic Dosimeter (ED) The responses from an Electronic Dosimeter (ED) alarm are differentiated in 2 scenarios, a Dose Rate alarm vs. an accrued total dose. 1. Response To Electronic Dosimeter Integrated Dose Alarm. a. Stop work activities and place the area in a safe condition (e.g., secure welding equipment and terminate activities that may result in more severe conditions). b. Alert others. c. All affected individuals shall exit the area to either the step off pad or low background area. d. As an RCT, evaluate any alarm for authenticity. Survey affected area to verify current work conditions are within RWP controls. e. Based on evaluation, determine which of the affected workers are required to exit the area, and instruct those individuals to exit the area. 2. Response To Electronic Dosimeter Dose Rate Alarm. a. Workers should step back until the dose rate alarm stops, and notify an RCT, or move to an area of lower radiation levels designated by radiological control personnel until the dose rate alarm stops and notify a RCT. b. As an RCT: Perform radiation survey of affected area and evaluate radiological conditions. Compare conditions to the RWP and Electronic Dosimeter (ED) alarm setpoints. If conditions have changed, instruct all individuals to exit the area. If no abnormal conditions are found, and the RWP and ED alarm rates are adequate, allow workers to continue work. Lost Dosimetry For lost dosimetry, typical actions include: 1. Instruct the individual(s) to leave the area if dosimetry is required. 2. Interview the worker as to activities and travel paths for dosimetry recovery. 3. Conduct a search of areas worked following the interview data received to possibly locate the workers TLD.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 10 of 20 4. Contact RCT supervision for reissue of dosimetry if original TLD is not found and initiate Form 441.4, Personnel Exposure Questionnaire. 5. Obtain information on the worker s potential exposure from the following sources: Survey maps and data sheets Radiation Work Permits Direct reading of dosimeter Interviews with the person and coworkers Interviews with the person s supervisor and with RadCon Technicians RadCon log entries Area dose rates, stay time in the area, and dose received by coworkers. 6. Notify worker s supervision. 7. Restrict additional entries until a dose assessment can be completed. 8. Consider suspending further work on the RWP until issues are resolved. 2.13.06: Describe the RCT response to rapidly increasing, unanticipated radiation levels or an area radiation monitor alarm. Response to Rapidly Increasing, Unanticipated Radiation Levels or an Area Radiation Monitor Alarm The following RCT responses and actions are generated from the following ICP procedures; MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations MCP 2381 Personnel Exposure Questionnaire Initial Response 1. Stop work activities and place the area in a safe condition (e.g., secure welding equipment and terminate activities that may result in more severe conditions.) 2. Alert others and evacuate affected personnel as quickly as possible to a safe area (low dose area). 3. When exiting the area, direct personnel to exit to a location isolated from the source of the radiation, such as a shield wall, an adjacent room, or to outside the affected facility. Otherwise, exit to an area of lower radiation. 4. Maintain control of the event by verifying that alarms are not false and by doing the following:
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 11 of 20 a. Evaluate the situation; the best contact is people at the scene. b. Perform radiation surveys to determine the extent and magnitude of the situation and to calculate dose and stay times (if personnel are to work in the area). c. While measuring radiation levels in affected area, the primary issue to keep in mind is to utilize good ALARA practices to minimize exposure. d. Ensure radiation boundaries are established and posted. e. Check for loss of shielding integrity. f. Determine, to the extent practicable, the radiation source and take corrective actions to reduce radiation field intensity. g. Check radiation levels in adjacent areas to ensure personnel are not exposed to abnormal radiation fields. h. As applicable, check exposure of personnel; complete Personnel Exposure Questionnaire (MCP 2381, Form 441.04). 5. Notify line/facility management. Whether or not to activate a site emergency response program (such as dialing 777, 9 911 or 526 1515) is determined by the nature of the incident. Activation usually automatically fulfills this requirement. When a situation is confusing, not fully understood, or may not be controllable; over reacting is better than under reacting. Supplemental Actions 1. Verify personnel staging area dose rates are acceptable and check individual exposures. Notify RCT supervision of results. 2. Re occupy area upon approval of line/facility management. 3. Document all surveys using appropriate forms. 2.13.07: Describe the RCT response to a dry or liquid radioactive material spill. RESPONSE TO DRY OR LIQUID RADIOACTIVE SPILL OF KNOWN MATERIAL AND ORIGIN REQUIRING SWIMS SWIMS STOP the spill. Take appropriate precautions that are dependent on the situation. All spills are different. Correct the situation immediately if possible without taking undue risks. WARN other personnel. Let people around know what is going on. If the situation warrants, evacuate the area. Notify your supervisor, facility management, and emergency response
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 12 of 20 network if appropriate. As before, whether or not to activate a facility emergency response program (such as dialing 777, 9 911 or 526 1515) is determined by the nature of the incident. Activation usually automatically fulfills this requirement. When a situation is confusing, not fully understood, or may not be controllable; over reacting is better than under reacting. ISOLATE the area. Establish boundaries and post the area around the spill area for exposure and contamination control. Verify that the boundaries are adequate by performing contamination swipe surveys outside of the boundaries. MINIMIZE exposure to yourself as well as others. Practice ALARA principles and use all protective gear available. SECURE ventilation by controlling HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning). Unless one is certain that ventilation is contributing to the incident, this may involve no more than just ensuring that conditions are correct for normal designed ventilation. Follow through as necessary by starting and collecting air samples as may be indicated, surveying for contamination, and decontaminating. The cleanup of major spills may very likely involve many people and require Radiation Work Permits and ALARA reviews of activities. Do not try to clean up a major spill by yourself, just keep it contained and isolated until the entire clean up operation is formulated. Complete all documentation of surveys and logs. If you are unsure if you can contain the spill, or if you do not know the nature of the spill, use the WIN process: Warn others Isolate the area, keep personnel out Notify authorities Radioactive Material Spill The following RCT responses and actions are generated from the following ICP procedures; MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations When spills may contain highly toxic chemicals, TRU materials or mixed waste, immediately exit the area without attempting to stop or secure the spill and notify facility management. 1. Respond to a radiological spill by promptly taking action to minimize consequences to self and to others. 2. Establish initial on scene control until relieved by the RC foreman or other higher management person. 3. Maintain communications and record all applicable information.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 13 of 20 4. Log all applicable data in the RadCon Daily Log Sheet (Form 441.56, or equivalent). 5. Ensure boundaries are established and properly posted. Upgrade radiological controls as necessary. 6. Notify RadCon Management and the facility IDC of those individuals who may have ingested or inhaled radionuclides. 2.13.08: Describe the RCT response to a fire in a radiological area or involving radioactive materials. RESPONSE TO A FIRE IN A RADIOLOGICAL AREA OR INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS All personnel who discover a possible fire situation should evacuate the area and call 777 at the site and in Idaho Falls, call 9 911, or 526 1515. Typically Radiological Control will supply support to the Fire Department and will be represented at the Command Post. This support may include: Establishing barriers Providing air monitoring equipment Performing air sampling Surveying personnel, material and equipment Providing assistance to fire response personnel by providing them with information on any radiological conditions they need to be aware of Performing surveys of equipment once the fire is extinguished Ensuring contaminated material is properly bagged and tagged Fire in a Radiological Area The following RCT responses and actions are generated from the following ICP procedures; MCP 124 Response to Abnormal Radiological Situations 1. Respond to fires involving radioactivity using caution and in a manner such that radiological controls do not impair fire fighting effectiveness or endanger individual safety. Call 777 at the site and in Idaho Falls, call 9 911. Hazards associated with a fire are usually more dangerous than those associated with radiological circumstances.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 14 of 20 2. Provide support by establishing barriers, air monitoring/sampling, and surveys of personnel, material, and equipment. Do not impair fire fighting effectiveness. 3. Provide assistance to the fire response personnel by ensuring response personnel are aware of radiological conditions at the fire location. 4. Perform airborne radioactivity and contamination surveys once the fire is extinguished. Ensure barriers are established at locations to contain radiological hazards and that contaminated material are properly bagged and tagged. 2.13.09: Describe the RCT response to other specific facility incidents (as applicable). RESPONSE TO OTHER FACILITY SPECIFIC INCIDENTS Accidental Criticality Initial actions by a responding RCT to an accidental criticality is to provide on scene response to an accidental criticality to screen personnel for exposure to a criticality and resulting possible exposure to high neutron fluxes. Screen personnel by obtaining exposure rates by positioning the survey meter under the arm and flat against the side of the chest of the individual being surveyed. See MCP 120, Response to Accidental Criticality for complete RCT responses to an accidental criticality. Extensive emergency response training for RCT s at facilities that contain materials that can cause a criticality will be given at those facilities. Facility Emergency Response EPI 51, EPI 53, EPI 54, and EPI 55 provide instructions to radiological control personnel acting as facility monitoring team members, in response to a radiological release at INTEC, RWMC, TAN, and RTC, respectively. 2.13.10: Describe the response levels associated with radiological emergencies. EMERGENCY RESPONSE LEVELS ALERT An Alert shall be declared when events are predicted, are in progress, or have occurred that result in actual or potential substantial degradation in:
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 15 of 20 Level of control over hazardous materials. Safety or security of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device that would not pose an immediate threat to workers or the public. Safety or security of a facility or process that could, with further degradation, produce a Site Area Emergency or General Emergency. SITE AREA EMERGENCY A Site Area Emergency shall be declared when events are predicted, in progress, or have occurred that result in actual or potential situations that could include one or more of the following: Major failure of functions necessary for the protection of workers or the public. Threat to the integrity of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device that may adversely impact the health safety of workers in the immediate area, but not the public. Major degradation in level of safety or security of a facility or process that could, with further degradation, produce a General Emergency. GENERAL EMERGENCY A General Emergency shall be declared when events are predicted, in progress, or have occurred that result in actual or likely situations that could result in one or more of the following: Catastrophic reduction of facility safety or security systems with potential for the release of large quantities of hazardous materials to the environment. Catastrophic failures in safety or security systems threatening the integrity of a nuclear weapon, component, or test device that may adversely impact the health and safety of workers and the public. EPI 8 Operational Emergency Categorization and Classification provides guidance for determining operational emergency (OE) event categorization/classification and protective actions (PAs) based on predetermined emergency action levels (EALs). Operational emergency event categorization and classification aids in the rapid communication of critical information and initiation of appropriate time urgent response actions. For ICP facilities, events are categorized as operational emergencies and may be further classified, in order of increasing severity, as Alerts, Site Area Emergencies, or General Emergencies. The level of classification of an unusual event is less than that for an alert. This system of classification applies to radiological as well as non radiological events. Specific criteria for classification of radiological emergencies at each ICP facility are listed in the facility addendums to Laboratory wide Manual 16A Emergency Preparedness.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 16 of 20 2.13.11: Describe facility specific procedures for documenting radiological incidents. DOCUMENTATION OF RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS Document radiological incidents as you would document routine activities in the Radiological Control (RadCon) Daily Log Sheet, Form 441.56, as specified by MCP 9 Maintaining the Radiological Control Logbook. Complete any other forms, such as survey maps, applicable to your activities in the incident. 2.13.12 Identify the structure of the emergency response organization at your facility. Laboratory wide Manual 16A Emergency Preparedness. identifies the structure of the emergency response organization. ICP is supported by the INL Emergency Response Organization (ERO). The INL ERO is an umbrella structure, which consists of these levels: 1. on scene, based at the On Scene Command location; 2. facility, based at either the Command Post (CP) or Emergency Control Center (ECC), depending on the complexity of the facility; and 3. INL/NE ID management, based at the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in Idaho Falls. During emergencies, the Incident Command System (ICS) is used. The ICS is an emergency management system designed for use from the time an incident occurs (even at less thanemergency category events) until the requirements for emergency management and operations no longer exist. The structure of ICS can be established and expanded/contracted depending upon the changing conditions of the event. The system consists of procedures for controlling personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. It is staffed and operated by personnel from the responding INL ERO.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 17 of 20 INL EMERGENCY RESPONSE ORGANIZATION Under ICS, common identifiers are given to facilities used during the course of the incident. On Scene Command A mobile or transient facility (fire engine, hazardous materials van, etc.) from which the On Scene Commander conducts on scene operations. Command Post (CP) The facility from which the EC conducts facility integrated response operations. This facility may be fixed or mobile. Emergency Command Center (ECC) The facility from which the EAM conducts either facility integrated response operations or support operations. Fixed primary and alternate ECCs are predetermined and provided with the necessary equipment and supplies to conduct emergency operations. Emergency Operations Center (EOC) A fixed facility in Idaho Falls from which the ED conducts strategic emergency operations. NE ID Management Duty Officers also conduct oversight operations from this facility. Functions Performed by the INL Emergency Response Organization Emergency Coordinator (EC)/Emergency Action Manager (EAM)/Emergency Director (ED): The EC/EAM/ED is responsible for evaluating the situation and determining the appropriate emergency classification for the event, and ensuring adequate protective actions are taken based on the severity of the event. Planning Manager Function/Planning Support Director: The Planning Manager Function/Planning Support Director is responsible for recommending classification and protective actions to the EC/EAM/ED. Operations Manager Function: The Operations Manager function is responsible for gathering information from the on scene command and recommending classification and protective actions to the EC/EAM/ED based on this information.
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 18 of 20 Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Support Director: The EOC Support Director is responsible for recommending classification and protective actions to the ED, when the ED has formally accepted responsibility for these functions. 2.13.13: Identify the available offsite incident support groups and explain the assistance that each group can provide. OFFSITE SUPPORT GROUPS The INL maintains cooperative efforts with several offsite support groups, including the following: 1. Idaho State Police a. Provides law enforcement services as well as help with road closures b. Region 6 headquarters in Idaho Falls 2. Regional Medical Centers and Hospitals a. Provide medical services in an emergency Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center (Idaho Falls) Portneuf Medical Center (Pocatello) Bingham Memorial Hospital (Blackfoot) 3. County Fire Departments a. Provide help with range fires Butte County (Arco, Moore) Bingham County (Blackfoot, Shelley) Bonneville County (Idaho Falls) Central Fire Department (Jefferson County, Rigby) Madison County (Rexburg) 4. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) a. Provides help with range fires 5. State of Idaho Oversight a. Provides survey and sampling capabilities 6. Region 6 Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) Team
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 19 of 20 a. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) created the Radiological Assistance Program (RAP) in the 1950s to make DOE resources and expertise available to organizations responding to incidents involving radioactive materials. Management responsibilities and direction for the RAP are primarily contained in DOE Order 5530.3. RAP provides resources (trained personnel and equipment) to evaluate, assess, advise, and assist in the mitigation of actual or perceived radiation hazards and risks to workers, the public, and the environment. b. RAP is divided into eight geographical regions, each managed by a Regional Coordinating Office. Each region has one or more RAP response teams. Regional coordination is intended to provide a timely response capability and to foster a working relationship between DOE and the emergency response elements of other federal agencies, states, and tribes. Region 6 covers Idaho, Colorado, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming. The Region 6 Coordinating Office is at the Idaho Operations Office. c. RAP teams are comprised of DOE and DOE contractor personnel specifically trained to perform radiological response activities as part of their formal employment or as part of the terms of the contract between their employer and DOE. A fully configured RAP team consists of a Team Leader, a Team Captain, four health physicists, survey/support personnel, and a Public Information Officer. A RAP team may deploy with two or more members, depending on the potential hazards, risks, or emergency scenario. d. Requests for radiological assistance come from DOE facilities; other Federal agencies; state, tribal, and local governments; or from any private organization or individual. Requests for assistance are normally directed to one of the eight Regional Coordinating Offices, but may also come directly to the DOE Headquarters Emergency Operations Center. Requests may pertain to any accident or incident involving radioactive materials where real or potential radiological hazards exist. Requests may require the deployment of one or more RAP teams equipped with personnel protective equipment, radiation monitoring instruments, air sampling equipment, communications equipment, and other emergency response devices. e. The primary responsibility for the emergency or incident remains with the owner of the radioactive material. Assistance provided by RAP teams does not preempt state, tribal, or local authority, and DOE cooperates with and acknowledges the primacy of that entity relative to the safety and health of the public. RAP team involvement usually ends when radiological assistance is no longer needed. 2.13.14: Discuss radiological incidents at the plant or other plants, including cause, prevention, and recommended incident response. SITE SPECIFIC LESSONS LEARNED
00ICP326 Rev.00 Page 20 of 20 Lessons learned concerning radiological incidents at the ICP and other facilities can be viewed from the ICP Lessons Learned home page. Selected incidents will be reviewed in ICP RCT continuing training.