Siska Demonstration Commercial Salmon Fishery (2007)

Siska Demonstration Commercial Salmon Fishery (2007)

Abundance (thousands) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Early Stuart 2007 Fraser River Sockeye and Pink Salmon Scotch/Seymour Early Summers Late Stuart/ Stellako/Chilko Total Sockeye Quesnel Late Runs Birkenhead Pinks Jun 15 Jun 29 Jul 13 Jul 27 Aug 10 Aug 24 Sep 7 Sep 21 Area 20 Date * Interior Fraser Early Stuart conservation Coho and harvest restriction Steelhead Conservation harvest restriction Portage Chinook? Late Stuart 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Abundance (thousands) Target Harvest Summer Sockeye * Adjusted 2 weeks for Siska passage Summer Chinook Pink Late Sockeye

Fishing Summary Single fish wheel Located 12 km south of Lytton 25 Fishing Days (usually 5 days per week) September 8 October 4 th Licensed to harvest up to 10,000 Pink salmon

Catch Summary 8084 Pink (11 LGL spaghetti tags) 40 Sockeye (+ 5 jacks) 21 Chinook (+ 72 Jacks) 522 Coho (no jacks reported) 9 steelhead Non-salmonids (sturgeon,bull trout, northern Pike minnow, Rocky mountain whitefish, rainbow trout)

Siska Fishwheel and Beach Seines - Daily Catch Summary 2007 Data to: 4 Oct 2007 Seconds for 3 revs Rotation Speed (RPM) Hours Operating SockeyeAdultCaught SockeyeSpagTagRec SockeyeRadioTagRec Location Name Date Siska Fishwheel 08/09/2007 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10/09/2007 107 3 4 0 0 0 242 0 3 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 11/09/2007 104 8 4 0 0 5 485 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 12/09/2007 117 6 2 260 0 5 6 0 13/09/2007 120 5 0 441 2 5 4 14/09/2007 226 7 2 500 1 1 11 15 11 Fishwheel not running 15/09/2007 16/09/2007 236 8 1 379 2 0 3 6 3 17/09/2007 236 11 2 760 1 0 8 14 1 18/09/2007 231 7 1 843 1 2 9 19/09/2007 302 7 1 800 1 1 4 10 20/09/2007 300 8 2 695 0 1 1 9 21/09/2007 8 8 532 1 13 41 23/09/2007 325 5 3 130 2 10 5 24/09/2007 312 9 2 189 1 28 1 25/09/2007 245 27 2 458 0 8 9 2 17:00 9/25/07-07:00 9/26/07 252 14 299 16 1 26/09/2007 252 10 1 150 2 2 22 1 17:00 9/26/07-07:00 9/27/07 248 14 0 317 1 1 7 27/09/2007 248 9 1 95 1 0 2 10 Fishwheel not running 28/09/2007 17:00 9/28/07-07:24 9/29/07 223 14.24 103 8 29/09/2007 223 8 1 97 1 80 16:00 9/29/07-07:00 9/30/07 216 15 0 1 12 1 30/09/2007 216 9 1 57 19 16:00 9/30/07-7:20 10/01/07 235 15.2 1 80 2 15 01/10/2007 235 9 21 8 16:00 10/01/07-7:00 10/02/07 210 15 1 44 10 02/10/2007 210 4 10 23 16:00 10/2/07-07:00 10/03/07 214 15 42 1 39 3 03/10/2007 214 7 24 1 28 1 16:00 10/3/07-07:00 10/4/07 225 15 17 19 04/10/2007 225 9 14 2 41 SockeyeJackCaught PinkCaught PinkSpagTagRec ChinookAdultCaught ChinookSpagTagRec ChinookRadioTagRec ChinookJackCaught CohoCaught SteelheadCaught SteelheadSpagTagRec SteelheadRadioTagRec ChumCaught SturgeonCaught OtherSpecies Fishwheel Total 301.4 40 0 0 5 8084 11 21 0 0 72 522 9 0 0 0 0 26

Pink Salmon Food Quality Studies Weight Color range Cooling rate Values

Pink Salmon Qualities Study

Valuation Princess dressed (gilled and gutted) = $0.45/lb. 0.75/lb Fillets = $0.50/lb. - $1.00/lb Round = $0.20/lb. - $0.22/lb Eggs(fresh iced) = $1.00/lb - $2.50/lb.

Revenues/Viability (25 days) Fish market off sales = $330.27 Whole-sale coastal plants = $6, 812.20 Custom processing (Secwepemc Fisheries) = $312.50 Would need about 3-5 times value (break-even on Pink salmon value-equivalents) over at-least twice the time (to hold trained workers from August - November) for viability

What do we know about the wholesomeness of our salmon? Siska UBC Collaboration

Siska Salmon & Human Health Project Overview Nłekepmx Knowledge Indicators of Salmon and River Health: Measured at Siska Sockeye and Chinook Contaminant Testing in Fraser River: At the Mouth, Mid-River (Siska), Spawning grounds (South Thompson, Weaver Creek) Sockeye Photo: DFO Chinook Photo: DFO

Nłekepmx People fish the Fraser River and Thompson River

United Nations Declaration On The Rights of Indigenous Peoples Article 29 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the conservation and protection of the environment and the productive capacity of their lands or territories and resources. States shall establish and implement assistance programmes for indigenous peoples for such conservation and protection, without discrimination.

Interviews- Overview 9 Expert interviews- Fishing 25+ years 1 Focus Group with all Expert Fishers to review and affirm interview results Rhiannon & Holly Edwards and Mary Williams

Interview Topics Stewardship Learning process Fishing areas and access Cooking and Processing Animals and Indicator species Salmon & water quality 10, 20 & 30 years ago Salmon & water quantity 10, 20 & 30 years ago

Interviews- Access Indicator species to manage when fishing begins ensuring sustainability: My grandmother would wait until the mock orange blossoms before fishing for springs (chinook), she would say, now some fish are through to reach the spawning areas and for the upper Indigenous Peoples for their food source, we can now go fishing - Chief Fred Sampson

Nłekepmx elders witness Salmon Runs Less insects & predator animals Timing less predictable Being depleted Less diversity More sturgeon found in set nets More River otters stealing

Qu (Water) Spawning & non-spawning tributaries equally important 30 years ago Fraser water drinkable Smell Temperature Water levels unstable Increased amount of debris

Sqyeýtn (Salmon)- Quality Fish size Weight & thickness Colour- blotchy Scabbier, less firm High temperature- Meat mushy in texture

Sqyeýtn (Salmon)-Quality Eggs used to be bright now a pale pink Liver used to be bright red now brown Not as much slime More unrecognizable & Atlantic Salmon Photo: Wikipedia Commons

Contaminant Testing- Objective Test heavy metals, PCBs, dioxins, furans and Pesticides in Weaver Creek and Adam s River Sockeye & South and Lower Thompson Chinook Test at three different sampling sites: Mouth of Fraser River, Siska and spawning grounds Test flesh (skin on), egg, liver Test cooked samples at Siska- canned, baked, fried, fish egg soup Test impact of contaminants on gene expression

Salmon Sampling Sites

Salmon Sampling At Mouth: Cpt. Alan Baker, DFO Les Antone, Kwantlen At Siska: Maurice Michell, Fishwheel At Spawning Grounds: Ida Alexandar, Splatizn, Spallumcheen First Nation Jayna Pooley, Adams Lake Band, Shuswap Falls Hatchery Weaver Creek, Dave Patterson PhD. Environmental Watch, DFO Laboratory Testing: Michael Ikonomou, Institute of Ocean Science, DFO

Total Dioxins/PCBs Toxic Equivialent (TEQ) Measured in Farmed and Wild Salmon: Hites et al Data: (ES&T; 2007; 41(2); 437-443 & Science 2004, V303, p226) 3 2.5 2 Hites et al Data 1.5 1 0.5 0 Dioxins/PCBs (pg TEQ/g wet wt) Scotland Faroe Islands Frankfurt Edinburgh Norway Paris London Oslo East. Canada Boston Maine San Francisco West. Canada Toronto Los Angeles Vancouver Washington DC Seattle Chicago New York Washington Chile SE AK Chinook Denver BC Chinook BC Sockeye Oregon Chinook SE AK Sockeye New Orleans BC Coho Kodiak AK Sockeye SE AK Coho Kodiak AK Coho BC Pink Kodiak AK Pink SE AK Pink SE AK Chum BC Chum Kodiak AK Chum Farmed Salmon Wild Salmon

Total TEQ Measured in the Muscle (skin on ) and Roe of Selected Fraser River Salmon Species. 0.7 0.6 Fraser Sockeye ~ Adams Fraser Sockeye ~ Weaver Fraser Chinook ~ Shuswap 0.5 Roe Tissue Muscle Tissue 0.4 pg/g ww PCBs PCDD/F 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Fraser Mouth Adams F- 42 Muscle Fraser Spawn Adams F- 42 Roe Fraser Spawn Adams F- 42 Roe Fraser Mouth Adams M- 42 Fraser Mouth Weaver F- 42 Muscle Fraser Spawn Weaver F- 42 Roe Fraser Mouth Weaver M- 42 Fraser Spawn Weaver M- 42 Fraser Mouth L Thompson F-41 Fraser Spawn Shuswap M-41 Fraser Spawn Shuswap F-41

Final results Contaminant levels in the in-land fisheries Local river contaminants versus ocean contaminants Effects of cooking on contaminants Impact to and survival rate of salmon eggs Impacts of contaminants on salmon gene expression