CHAPTER H ROADSIDE DESIGN GUIDE

February 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PREFACE PART I PRACTICES, GUIDELINES, AND PROCESSES H1 OVERVIEW... H1 1 H1.1 Introduction... H1 1 H1.2 Historical Perspective... H1 2 H1.3 Testing Procedures for Roadside Hardware... H1 4 H1.4 Contents of this Guide... H1 8 H1.5 Relationship to Other Design Documents... H1 8 H1.6 Glossary of Roadside Design Terms... H1 8 H1.7 References... H1 12 H2 ROADSIDE DESIGN PRACTICES AND GUIDELINES... H2 1 H2.1 Introduction... H2 1 H2.2 Practices and Guidelines...H2 1 H2.2.1 Adoption of NCHRP Report 350 In Service Test Criteria... H2 1 H2.2.2 Barrier Replacement Strategy... H2 1 H2.2.3 Roadside Hardware not covered in this Guide... H2 1 H2.2.4 Longitudinal Traffic Barrier System Selection... H2 2 H2.2.5 Bridge Barrier Selection Requirements... H2 2 H2.3 References... H2 2 H3 ROADSIDE DESIGN PROCESS... H3 1 H3.1 Introduction... H3 1 H3.2 Design Process... H3 1 H3.2.1 Clear Zone Requirements... H3 2 H3.2.1.1 Desirable Clear Zone....H3 3 H3.2.2 Hazards to be Considered... H3 7 H3.2.2.1 Sideslopes... H3 7 H3.2.2.2 Roadside Obstacles... H3 11 H3.2.2.3 Permanent Bodies of Water....H3 11 H3.2.3 Mitigation Strategies... H3 11 H3.2.3.1 Longitudinal Traffic Barrier System Selection... H3 12 H3.2.3.2 Barrier End Treatment Selection....H3 17 H3.2.3.3 Length of Need... H3 19 H3.2.3.4 Examples... H3 29 H-i

February 2012 H3.3 Economic Analysis...H3 50 H3.3.1 RSAP Roadside Safety Analysis Program...H3 50 H3.3.2 INFTRA s Benefit Cost Worksheet...H3 54 H3.3.3 Examples...H3 55 H3.4 Documentation Requirements...H3 81 H3.4.1 Clear Zone Documentation...H3 81 H3.4.2 Length of Need and Length of Barrier System Documentation...H3 81 H3.5 References...H3 81 PART II DESIGN TREATMENTS H4 H5 GRADING AND DRAINAGE...H4 1 H4.1 Introduction...H4 1 H4.2 Slopes...H4 1 H4.2.1 Sideslopes...H4 1 H4.2.2 Backslopes...H4 2 H4.2.3 Transverse Slopes...H4 3 H4.2.4 High Embankments...H4 3 H4.3 Curbs...H4 3 H4.4 Ditches...H4 6 H4.5 Culverts...H4 6 H4.6 Permanent Bodies of Water...H4 7 H4.7 Flood Plains...H4 9 H4.8 Intersection and Access Approaches...H4 9 H4.9 Shoulder Rumble Strips...H4 11 H4.9.1 Milled Rumble Strips...H4 11 H4.9.2 Rumble Strip Applications...H4 11 H4.9.2.1 Shoulder Rumble Strip Applications...H4 11 H4.9.2.2 Centreline Rumble Strip Applications...H4 12 H4.10 References...H4-15 ROADSIDE AND MEDIAN BARRIER SYSTEMS...H5 1 H5.1 Introduction...H5 1 H5.2 Roadside Barriers...H5 2 H5.3 Median Barriers...H5 4 H5.4 Placement Considerations...H5 6 H5.4.1 Shy Line Offset...H5 8 H5.4.2 Flare Rate...H5 9 H-ii

February 2012 H5.4.3 Future Paving Requirements... H5 10 H5.4.4 Zone of Intrusion... H5 1 H5.4.5 Attachments to Barrier Systems... H5 17 H5.4.6 Stopping Sight Distance on Directional Interchange Ramps... H5 17 H5.5 Barrier System Characteristics... H5 18 H5.5.1 Alberta Weak Post W Beam... H5 18 H5.5.2 High Tension Cable System... H5 21 H5.5.3 Weak Post Box Beam... H5 29 H5.5.4 Strong Post W Beam... H5 31 H5.5.5 Modified Thrie Beam... H5 34 H5.5.6 Cast In Place or Extruded Concrete Barrier... H5 36 H5.5.7 Precast Concrete Barrier... H5 38 H5.6 References... H5 39 H6 BARRIER END TREATMENTS AND CRASH CUSHIONS... H6 1 H6.1 Introduction... H6 1 H6.2 Bursting Energy Absorbing Terminal (BEAT)... H6 5 H6.2.1 Application... H6 5 H6.2.2 Restrictions... H6 5 H6.3 CAT 350... H6 6 H6.3.1 Application... H6 6 H6.3.2 Restrictions... H6 6 H6.4 ET Plus... H6 7 H6.4.1 Application... H6 7 H6.4.2 Restrictions... H6 7 H6.5 FLEAT and FLEAT MT... H6 8 H6.5.1 Application... H6 8 H6.5.2 Restrictions... H6 9 H6.6 QuadGuard... H6 10 H6.6.1 Application... H6 11 H6.6.2 Restrictions... H6 11 H6.6.3 Maintenance...H6 11 H6.7 TRACC... H6 12 H6.7.1 Application... H6 12 H6.7.2 Restrictions... H6 12 H6.7.3 Maintenance... H6 13 H6.8 Sand Barrel Systems... H6 14 H6.8.1 Application... H6 15 H6.8.2 Restrictions... H6 15 H6.9 Gravel Bed Attenuation Systems... H6 16 H-iii

April 2012 H6.9.1 Application...H6 16 H6.9.2 Restrictions...H6 16 H6.10 References...H6 17 H7 H8 H9 BRIDGES...H7 1 H7.1 Introduction...H7 1 H7.2 Selection of Performance Levels for Bridgerails and Approach Rail Transitions on New Bridge Structures...H7 1 H7.3 INFTRA Bridgerail and Approach Rail Transition Standard Drawings...H7 2 H7.4 Upgrading of Existing Bridgerails...H7 4 H7.5 Upgrading of Existing Approach Rail Transitions...H7 7 H7.6 Bridge Piers, Abutments, Wing Walls, and Retaining Walls...H7 11 H7.7 Underpasses...H7 12 H7.8 References...H7 15 SIGNS, SUPPORTS, AND POLES...H8 1 H8.1 Introduction...H8 1 H8.2 Sign Post Selection...H8 1 H8.3 Signs and Sign Supports...H8 5 H8.4 Overhead Signs...H8 6 H8.5 Illumination...H8 7 H8.5.1 Conventional Lighting...H8 7 H8.5.2 High Mast Lighting...H8 9 H8.6 Signal Poles...H8 9 H8.7 Utility Poles...H8 10 H8.8 References...H8 10 OTHER ROADSIDE FEATURES...H9 1 H9.1 Introduction...H9 1 H9.2 Pedestrian/Cyclist Pathways on Bridges...H9 1 H9.3 Fire Hydrants...H9 2 H9.4 Trees...H9 2 H9.5 Mailboxes...H9 3 H9.6 References...H9 3 H10 WORK ZONE CONSIDERATIONS...H10 1 H10.1 Introduction...H10 1 H10.2 Work Zones...H10 1 H10.3 References...H10 2 H11 URBAN AND RESTRICTED ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS...H11 1 H-iv

February 2012 H11.1 Introduction... H11 1 H11.2 Urban and Restricted Areas... H11 1 H11.2.1 Barrier and Warrants... H11 1 H11.2.2 Protecting Adjacent Land Uses... H11 1 H11.2.3 Protecting Pedestrians and Bicycles... H11 2 H11.3 Curbs... H11 2 H11.4 Zone of Intrusion... H11 2 H11.5 References... H11 2 H12 OTHER RESOURCES... H12 1 H12.1 Introduction... H12 1 H12.2 Technical Manual Resources... H12 1 H12.3 Research/Literature Search Resources... H12 1 H12.4 Web Based Resources... H12 2 H12.5 Suggested Keywords for Literature Searches... H12 2 H12.6 References... H12 2 APPENDIX A SEVERITY INDICES APPENDIX B REFERENCE DRAWINGS B1 Alberta Weak Post and Strong Post W Beam Guardrail B2 High Tension Cable Barrier System B3 Weak Post Box Beam Guardrail B4 Precast F Shape and New Jersey Concrete Barriers B5 Thrie Beam Guardrail B6 Cast In Place or Extruded F Shape Concrete Barrier and Single Slope Concrete Barrier B7 Miscellaneous Drawings APPENDIX C GUIDELINES FOR UPGRADING OF EXISTING BRIDGERAILS C1 Life-Cycle Benefit-Cost Analysis Procedure for Determining the Need for Bridgerail Upgrading C2 Existing INFTRA Bridgerails and Corresponding Severity Indices APPENDIX D GUIDELINES FOR UPGRADING BRIDGE APPROACH RAIL TRANSITIONS D1 Life-Cycle Benefit-Cost Analysis Procedure for Determining the Need for Bridge Approach Rail Transition Upgrading D2 Existing INFTRA Bridge Approach Rail Transitions and Corresponding Severity Indices D3 INFTRA Standard Drawings for Upgrading of Existing Bridge Approach Rail Transitions INDEX H-v

February 2012 LIST OF FIGURES Figure H1.1 GM Proving Ground Encroachment Relationship H1 3 Figure H3.1 Roadside Design Process... H3 1 Figure H3.2 Desirable Clear Zone (DCZ) Over Recoverable Surface... H3 6 Figure H3.3 Desirable Clear Zone (DCZ) Over Non Recoverable Surface... H3 6 Figure H3.4 Warrants for Fill Sideslopes With AADT <400 vpd... H3 8 Figure H3.5 Warrants for Fill Sideslopes With AADT 400 vpd... H3 9 Figure H3.6 Sideslope Improvement Versus Barrier Installation... H3 10 Figure H3.7 Median Barrier Warrant... H3 15 Figure H3.8 Length of Need Elements... H3 19 Figure H3.9 Traffic Barrier Length of Need... H3 23 Figure H3.10 Determine Length of Need for Undivided Highways... H3 25 Figure H3.11 Determine Length of Need for Divided Highways... H3 26 Figure H3.12 Encroachment Frequency Curves... H3 52 Figure H4.1 Vehicle Trajectory after Contact with Curb... H4 4 Figure H4.2 Clearance Distance for Various Sideslopes... H4 8 Figure H4.3 Milled Rumble Strips on Shoulders (Layout and Dimensions)... H4 13 Figure H4.4 Milled Rumble Strips on Centreline (Layout and Dimensions)... H4 14 Figure H5.1 Typical Vehicular Oscillation on Embankment... H5 7 Figure H5.2 Installation of Barrier on First Stage Paving Projects... H5 11 Figure H5.3 Zone of Intrusion for TL 2, TL 3, and TL 4 Barriers... H5 13 Figure H5.4 Obstacle Setback Requirements... H5 16 Figure H5.5 HTCB Placement on Horizontal Curves... H5 25 Figure H6.1 Preferred Grading Requirements for Gating End Treatments... H6 2 Figure H6.2 Minimum Grading Requirements for Gating End Treatments... H6 2 Figure H6.3 Preferred Grading Requirements for Flared End Treatments... H6 2 Figure H6.4 System Treatment on Curve... H6 9 Figure H7.1 Typical Details of Highway Grade Separation... H7 13 Figure H7.2 Minimum Clearance Requirements for Railway Overpass... H7 14 Figure H7.3 Minimum Clearance Requirements for Railway Underpass and Grade Separation... H7 14 Figure H8.1 Sign Post Selection Zones... H8 2 Figure H8.2 Sign Post Requirements for Zone 1... H8 3 Figure H8.3 Sign Post Requirements for Zone 2... H8 4 Figure H8.4 Breakaway Wood Post... H8 5 H-vi

Roadside Design Guide February 2012 LIST OF FIGURES Figure H8.5 Conventional Lighting Pole Selection Chart... H8 8 APPENDIX A Figure HA.1 APPENDIX B APPENDIX C Figure HC2.1 Figure HC2.2 1 Figure HC2.2 2 APPENDIX D Figure HD1.1A Figure HD1.1B Figure HD1.2A Figure HD1.2B Figure HD1.3A Figure HD1.3B Figure HD1.4A Figure HD1.4B Figure HD1.5A Figure HD1.5B Figure HD1.6A Collision Cost versus Severity Index...H APP A 1 Refer to Table of Contents in Appendix B for List of Drawings Existing INFTRA Bridgerails...H APP C2 1 Recommended Bridgerail Upgrading Concepts Sheet 1...H APP C2 2 Recommended Bridgerail Upgrading Concepts Sheet 2...H APP C2 3 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Vertical Bar/ Horizontal Rail Type Bridgerail Undivided Roadways...H APP D1 9 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Vertical Bar/ Horizontal Rail Type Bridgerail Undivided Roadways...H APP D1 9 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Vertical Bar/ Horizontal Rail Type Bridgerail Divided Roadways...H APP D1 10 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Vertical Bar/ Horizontal Rail Type Bridgerail Divided Roadways...H APP D1 10 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for 850 mm Double Tube Type Bridgerail Undivided Roadways...H APP D1 11 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for 850 mm Double Tube Type Bridgerail Undivided Roadways...H APP D1 11 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for 850 m Double Tube Type Bridgerail Divided Roadways...H APP D1 12 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for 850 m Double Tube Type Bridgerail Divided Roadways...H APP D1 12 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 1 Participating Curb Undivided Roadways...H APP D1 13 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 1 Participating Curb Undivided Roadways...H APP D1 13 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 1 Participating Curb Divided Roadways...H APP D1 14 H-vii

Roadside Design Guide February 2012 Chapter H Roadside Design Guide LIST OF TABLES Table List of Tables Page Number Figure HD1.6B Figure HD1.7A Figure HD1.7B Figure HD1.8A Figure HD1.8B Figure HD1.9A Figure HD1.9B Figure HD1.10A Figure HD1.10B Figure HD2.1A Figure HD2.1B Figure HD2.2C Figure HD2.2D Figure HD2.3E Figure HD2.3F Figure HD2.4G Figure HD2.4H Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 1 Participating Curb Divided Roadways... H APP D1 14 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Double Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 2 Participating Curb Undivided Roadways... H APP D1 15 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Double Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 2 Participating Curb Undivided Roadways... H APP D1 15 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Double Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 2 Participating Curb Divided Roadways... H APP D1 16 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Double Layer Deep Beam (W Beam) Type Bridgerail on Type 2 Participating Curb Divided Roadways... H APP D1 16 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single or Double Layer Deep Beam Type Bridgerail on Safety Curb Undivided Roadways... H APP D1 17 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single or Double Layer Deep Beam Type Bridgerail on Safety Curb Undivided Roadways... H APP D1 17 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single or Double Layer Deep Beam Type Bridgerail on Safety Curb Divided Roadways... H APP D1 18 Approach Rail Transition Upgrade Warrants for Single or Double Layer Deep Beam Type Bridgerail on Safety Curb Divided Roadways... H APP D1 18 Horizontal Rail Bridgerail on Safety Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 1 Vertical Bar Bridgerail on Safety Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 1 Single Layer/Double Layer Deep Beam Bridgerail on Safety Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 2 Single Layer Deep Beam Bridgerail on Participating Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 2 Double Layer Deep Beam Bridgerail on Participating Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 3 Double Tube Bridgerail on Safety Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 3 Double Tube Bridgerail on Participating Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 4 Single Tube Bridgerail on Participating Curb Approach Rail Transition... H APP D2 4 H-viii

Roadside Design Guide February 2012 Chapter H Roadside Design Guide LIST OF TABLES Table List of Tables Page Number Table H1.1 Test Conditions for Longitudinal Barriers... H1 5 Table H1.2 Test Conditions for End Treatments and Crash Cushions... H1 6 Table H3.1 Clear Zone Distances (in metres from edge of driving lane)... H3 4 Table H3.2 Curve Modifications Factors (KCZ)... H3 5 Table H3.3 Barrier Test Level Requirements... H3 12 Table H3.4 Preferred Longitudinal Traffic Barrier Systems on Alberta Highways... H3 14 Table H3.5 Barrier Design Deflection... H3 17 Table H3.6 End Treatments for TL 4 High Tension Cable Systems... H3 18 Table H3.7 End Treatments for TL 3 Alberta Weak Post W Beam... H3 18 Table H3.8 End Treatments for TL 3 Weak Post Box Beam... H3 18 Table H3.9 End Treatments for TL 3 Strong Post W Beam... H3 18 Table H3.10 End Treatments for TL 4 Modified Thrie Beam... H3 18 Table H3.11 End Treatments for TL 4 or TL 5 Concrete Barrier... H3 19 Table H3.12 Minimum Runout Length (LR)... H3 21 Table H3.13 Minimum Barrier Extension Length for the Downstream End on a Divided Highway. H3 21 Table H3.14 Length of End Treatments Considered as Part of the Length of Need Requirements... H3 28 Table H3.15 Alberta Specific RSAP Inputs... H3 53 Table H4.1 Appropriate Curb and Barrier System Combinations... H4 5 Table H4.2 Suggested Approach Sideslopes... H4 10 Table H5.1 Roadside Barrier Systems Characteristics Summary... H5 3 Table H5.2 Median Barrier Systems Characteristics Summary... H5 5 Table H5.3 Minimum Distance (L) for Barrier Placement... H5 7 Table H5.4 Minimum Flare Rate for Various Barrier Systems... H5 9 Table H5.5 Obstacle Setback or Treatment for Zone of Intrusion Considerations... H5 14 Table H5.6 Alberta Weak Post W Beam Characteristics... H5 18 Table H5.7a Roadside Application, HTCB on Roadside Sideslopes... H5 25 Table H5.7b High Tension Cable Barrier Characteristics... H5 28 Table H5.8 Weak Post Box Beam Characteristics... H5 29 Table H5.9 Strong Post W Beam Characteristics... H5 31 Table H5.10 Modified Thrie Beam Characteristics... H5 34 Table H5.11 Test Level (TL) Rating of Cast In Place or Extruded Concrete Barriers... H5 36 Table H5.12 Test Level (TL) Rating of Precast Concrete Barriers... H5 36 Table H5.13 Cast In Place Concrete Barriers Characteristics... H5 37 Table H5.14 Precast Concrete Barrier Characteristics... H5 38 Table H6.1 Summary of Barrier End Treatments... H6 4 H-ix

Roadside Design Guide February 2012 Chapter H Roadside Design Guide LIST OF TABLES Table List of Tables Page Number Table H7.1 Table H7.2 Table H7.3 Table H7.4 Table H7.5 APPENDIX A Table HA.1 Table HA.2 Table HA.3 Table HA.4 Table HA.5 Table HA.6 Table HA.7 Table HA.8 Table HA.9 Table HA.10 APPENDIX C Table HC1.1 Table HC1.2 Table HC1.3 Table HC1.4 Table HC1.5 Table HC1.6 Table HC1.7 Table HC1.8 APPENDIX D Table HD1.1 Table HD1.2 Table HD1.3 Equivalency between Performance Level and Test Level...H7 2 Standard Bridgerail and Approach Rail Transition Drawings...H7 2 Typical INFTRA Bridge Approach Rail General Layout Drawings...H7 4 Common Bridgerail types in Existing INFTRA Inventory...H7 5 Approach Rail Transitions for common Bridgerail types in Existing INFTRA s Inventory...H7 8 Suggested Severity Indices: Sideslopes... H APP A 3 Suggested Severity Indices: Sideslopes Vertical with and without water present... H APP A 13 Suggested Severity Indices: Backslopes... H APP A 15 Suggested Severity Indices: Parallel Ditches... H APP A 21 Suggested Severity Indices: Approach Slopes Negative (down)... H APP A 25 Suggested Severity Indices: Approach Slopes Vertical Drop w/ and w/o Water Present... H APP A 37 Suggested Severity Indices: Approach Slopes Positive (up)... H APP A 38 Suggested Severity Indices: Traffic Barriers... H APP A 45 Suggested Severity Indices: Fixed Objects... H APP A 49 Suggested Severity Indices: Culverts... H APP A 52 Basic Encroachment Rates (R)... H APP C1 3 Highway Curvature Factors (k c )... H APP C1 4 Highway Grade Factors (k g )... H APP C1 4 Lateral Encroachment Probabilities (P)... H APP C1 5 Highway Multi-Lane Factors (k m )... H APP C1 5 Bridge Height and Occupancy Factors (k s )... H APP C1 6 Relationship of Severity Index and Cost per Collision (AC)... H APP C1 7 Present Worth Conversion Factors at 2% Traffic Growth Rate (KC)... H APP C1 7 Assumed Bridge Approach Rail Transition Upgrading Costs... H APP D1 2 Standard Approach Rail Transition Upgrading Details and SI Values... H APP D1 4 Warrant Charts for Upgrading Bridge Approach Rail Transitions... H APP D1 7 H-x