Wind, Light & Sun

Urban Projects

Wind in the City

Beaufort scale number Descriptive term Units in km/h Units in knots Description on Land Description at Sea 0 Calm 0 0 Smoke rises vertically Sea like a mirror. Wind felt on face; leaves Light 1-3 19 km/h or less 10 knots or less rustle; ordinary vanes moved winds by wind. 4 5 6 Moderate winds Fresh winds Strong winds 20-29 km/h 11-16 knots 30-39 km/h 17-21 knots 40-50 km/h 22-27 knots 7 Near gale 51-62 km/h 28-33 knots 8 Gale 63-75 km/h 34-40 knots 9 Strong gale76-87 km/h 41-47 knots 10 Storm 88-102 km/h 48-55 knots 11 Violent storm 103-117 km/h 56-63 knots Raises dust and loose paper; small branches are moved. Small trees in leaf begin to sway; crested wavelets form on inland waters Large branches in motion; whistling heard in telephone wires; umbrellas used with difficulty. Whole trees in motion; inconvenience felt when walking against wind. Twigs break off trees; progress generally impeded. Slight structural damage occurs -roofing dislodged; larger branches break off. Seldom experienced inland; trees uprooted; considerable structural damage. Very rarely experienced - widespread damage Small wavelets, ripples formed but do not break: A glassy appearance maintained. Small waves - becoming longer; fairly frequent white horses. Moderate waves, taking a more pronounced long form; many white horses are formed - a chance of some spray Large waves begin to form; the white foam crests are more extensive with probably some spray Sea heaps up and white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks along direction of wind. Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift; foam is blown in well-marked streaks along the direction of the wind. High waves; dense streaks of foam; crests of waves begin to topple, tumble and roll over; spray may affect visibility. Very high waves with long overhanging crests; the resulting foam in great patches is blown in dense white streaks; the surface of the sea takes on a white appearance; the tumbling of the sea becomes heavy with visibility affected. Exceptionally high waves; small and medium sized ships occasionally lost from view behind waves; the sea is completely covered with long white patches of foam; the edges of wave crests are blown into froth.

Bundoora Wind Tunnel

Physical Models 1:500 scale 1:100 scale

Day 3

Day 3

Mini Wind Tunnel

Day 2

Jon Morgan, Arup

Digital Models in Ansys CFX

Building 201 Façade treatment

Vasari vs. Ansys

Flow Design Intro Wind of Chaaaaiaiaiaiainge Flow Design CFD Flow Design 2D Simulation Flow Design 3D Simulation Flow Design for Ventilation

DAYLIGHT The images below show the simulated daylight factor for the ground (left) and first floor (right). Daylight factor calculations are a recognized method for evaluating the light levels (at workplane height) in the different rooms of the house. Simulations like these can assist design decisions, for example when deciding how many windows should be used and where they should optimally be placed., depending on the design goals of the project.

ILLUMINANCE Besides the Daylight Factor, the daylight performance can also get evaluated by simulating the illuminance levels in different parts of a house during various times of the year and sky conditions. The following two images show the illuminance levels in the dining room under a CIE intermediate sky on December 21st (top) and June 21st (bottom) at 12:00. The values displayed in a grid on each image are in lux. The glazing appears black because it is recognized as a light source and therefore not a light-receiving surface. With the rendered images and the calculated values it is possible to understand the fluctuation of the available light levels over the course of a year. The difference in the results is even more evident when the images are displayed in false colour

ILLUMINANCE A useful way to evaluate the building s light levels on a whole is to simulate the luminance (or illuminance) on a cross section view. The following image is an example of a cross section luminance rendering, both in false colour and black-and-white. Just like the daylight factor on the floor plan view, these images make it easier to compare the different parts of the building and determine how natural light is distributed. Luminance images are also very useful in showing the variation in light availability and distribution under different sky conditions or during different times of the day.