Development of a Detailed Multi-Body Computational Model of an ATV to Address and Prevent Child Injuries Chandra K. Thorbole, Ph.D. September 27, 2016 UMTRI,Ann Arbor, MI
Presentation Outline Goal Research Importance Engineering Intervention Observations Discussion
What is an ATV? An ATV (All Terrain Vehicle) is a off-road gasoline powered engine vehicle with straddle seat and handle bar for steering inputs. ATV s are considered as rider active vehicle as the rider shift their body weight to precisely control the ATV and its stability during turns. Engine size < 90 cc 90 cc <Engine size < 1000 cc Image Source : GAO-10-418 Report
ATV use in the U.S In the U.S the major use of an ATV is for recreational activity followed by farming and industrial application. Graph Source : GAO-10-418 Report
Young riders and adult ATV ATV s are rider active machines and because of their design, ATV's are dynamically unstable and require the operator to perform balancing act while riding to maintain the ATV stability. Young riders on adult ATV s are unable to reach foot paddle, fail to execute the active participation as required by the ATV s during operation. This lead to fatal accidents of young rider on adult ATV s.
ATV related fatalities & injuries among young riders in the U.S ATV-related injury admissions to ACH 2000-2010
Goal Main focus of this research phase is the primary prevention (Accident prevention) Injury Prevention Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Primary Focus is preventing the accident occurrence Primary Focus is preventing the occupant injury during the accident
Goal Primary Prevention Social Awareness Technology Behavior Change Engineering Law Innovation Education Evaluation
Research Importance Social Awareness Behavior changes Law Education Technology Engineering Innovation Evaluation Successful Injury Prevention
Engineering Intervention In this research phase Engineering Method Complements Educational Intervention Method How? Engineering simulations are used to evaluate ATV and young rider motion for a particular accident mechanism. This motion information will be used to create more realistic video for educational purpose.
Engineering Intervention ATV MADYMO Model Laboratory Testing For ATV Dynamic Characteristic CAD model
Engineering Intervention C.G M xx C.G. Identification M yy Mass Moment of Inertia Suspension Characteristic
Engineering Intervention Computational Model
Engineering Intervention Tilt Table Test Experimental Result 43.5 deg Computational Result 45 deg
Engineering Intervention Drop Test
Engineering Intervention Image Source : GAO-10-418 Report
Engineering Intervention Accident Scenario 1 How the ATV speed and the slope characteristic influence the injury kinematics?
Engineering Intervention Factorial Design
Observation 0.38 sec 0.78 sec 1.18 sec 1.38 sec 1.58 sec 1.72 sec ATV Speed 10mph Slope 30 degree Slope length 2m
Future Work Motion Data Output MAYA 3D Animation software Engineering Method Accident Mechanism Realistic Video Generation
Primary Hypothesis The crash scenario intervention would shift parental risk perception of ATV use by Children from safe to unsafe
MOVIE
Perception of adult ATV s as unsafe for children changed from 48% (pre-intervention) to 73% (Post-intervention) Video intervention caused parents to perceive adult ATV s unsafe for children's. Young and non-caucasian parents were more likely to encounter change in belief.