The Rules 1. Conduct yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory. 2. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a direction or part of a procedure, ASK YOUR TEACHER BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE ACTIVITY. 3. Never work alone in the laboratory. No student may work in the science classroom without the presence of the teacher. 4. When first entering a science room, do not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so. 5. Perform only those experiments authorized by your teacher. Carefully follow all instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized experiments are not allowed.
6. Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not use laboratory glassware as containers for food or beverages. 7. Be prepared for your work in the laboratory. Read all procedures thoroughly before entering the laboratory. 8. Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited. 9. Observe good housekeeping practices. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times. 10. Be alert and proceed with caution at all times in the laboratory. Notify the teacher immediately of any unsafe conditions you observe. 11. Dispose of all waste properly. Never put solids in sink drains. Sinks are to be used only for water. Check with your teacher for disposal of lab materials. 12. Keep hands away from face, eyes, mouth, and body while using chemicals or lab equipment. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments.
13. Experiments must be personally monitored at all times. Do not wander around the room, distract other students, startle other students, or interfere with the laboratory experiments of others. 14. Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment. If there is a fire drill during a laboratory period; containers must be closed, and any electrical equipment turned off. 15. Dress properly during a laboratory activity. Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long hair must be tied back, and dangling jewelry and baggy clothing must be secured. 16. Report any accident to the teacher immediately, no matter how trivial it seems. Do not panic. 17. Report any broken equipment or spills to the teacher immediately for proper clean up and disposal procedures.
Lab Equipment
Microscope: makes an enlarged image of a very small object.
Glass slide: provides mounting surface for examination by microscope
Coverslip Covers specimens on a glass slide
Graduated Cylinder: measures the volume of liquids and solids
Safety Goggles: protects eyes when using heat and chemicals
Beaker: holds and measures liquids.
Funnel: transfers liquid from one place to another Filter Paper: filters liquid
Erlenmeyer Flask: holds, measures, and stores liquids; can be stoppered
Dropper: measures out drops of a liquid
Test tube: holds liquids
Test tube rack: holds test tubes
Test Tube Holder: holds test tubes
Forceps: grasps small objects
Metric ruler: measures length
Balance: measures mass
Thermometer: used to measure temperature
Stirring rod glass rod used to stir liquids
Scoopula
Mortar and Pestle pestle mortar
Petri dish
Anemometer Measures wind speed
Measures air pressure Barometer
Measures amount of precipitation/rain Rain gauge
The Metric System: aka SI (system international) most commonly used system most other countries use it all sciences use it
We will use the following units of Mass = gram (g) measure: Volume = liter (L) for liquids or cm 3, cubic centimeter (cm 3 ) for solids Temperature = degrees Celsius Time = second (s) Length = meter (m) Density = g/cm 3 ; 1mL = 1cm 3
The metric system measures in units of Prefix Kilo = 1000 10X10X10 or 10 3 Hecto = 100 10X10 or 10 2 Deka = 10 10 Gram/liter/meter = 1 Deci =.1 10-1 Centi =.01 10-2 Milli =.001 10-3 10
Examples 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g).001 grams (g) = 1 milligram (mg) 100 meters (m) = 1 hectometer (hm)
Length Length: distance between 2 points metric rulers and meter sticks are used to measure length
Mass: measure of the matter in an object
Density mass per unit volume of a material found by dividing mass by volume
Time Time: interval between 2 events
Temperature measure of how hot or cold something is we will use Celsius Water: Freezing= 0 degrees Celsius, Boiling = 100 degrees Celsius normal human body temperature = 37 degrees Celsius
Volume: amount of space occupied by an object if you can measure straight sides with standard length units, you can figure volume by multiplying the outer dimensions.
volume can also be measured in liters. BE AWARE OF THE MENISCUS!! Meniscus: the curvature of the surface of water. Always read water levels at the lowest point (bottom of the meniscus)