Major Contributing Factors Contents: Page Figure.1 Major Contributing Factors by Collision Severity 16.2 Major Contributing Factors in Collisions by Road System 19 Table.1 Alcohol, Speed and Distraction in Fatal Collisions 14.2 All Major Contributing Factors in Fatal Collisions 15. Count of Factors by Severity 16.4 Count of Factors by Severity 16.5 Count of Vehicle Factors by Severity 17.6 Count of Factors by Severity 17.7 Count of Factors by Road System 18.8 Count of Factors by Road System 18.9 Count of Vehicle Factors by Road System 18.1 Count of Factors by Road System 19 1
Major Contributing Factors Contributing factors are those circumstances or factors that have directly contributed to the collision or its severity. TAIS recognizes that a collision usually results from many causal factors. The collision data system accepts up to four contributing factors for each vehicle involved in a collision. Factors can be selected from four categories: human condition, human action, vehicle condition, and driving environment. In traffic collisions reported by police agencies, the causal factors are assigned by the investigating officer. Incidents reported through SGIʼs Dial-A-Claim or Auto eclaim are assigned causal factors only if they are clearly identified in the driversʼ statements. The causal factors in property damage only collisions are therefore much more subjective in nature and not directly comparable to previous years and casualty collisions. This section summarizes all contributing factors that were reported. In 216, a total of 46,857 factors contributed to 29,6 collisions. With the exception of Table.1, the numbers in following tables and figures represent the number of occurrences of each factor. Figure.1 shows that human condition is a more prevalent factor in fatal collisions (49%) than in all collisions (6%). condition and human action account for 68% of all factors in collisions, as compared to 84% of factors in fatal crashes. Figure.2 summarizes the factors by road system. factors contribute to 77% of urban collisions, while environmental conditions, mainly animal actions, are more prevalent in rural and highway collisions (64% and 71%). Top 1 Contributory Factors in Fatal Collisions During 216 Table.1 Driver/Vehicle/ Factors Urban Streets Provincial Highways Rural Roads Other % of Alcohol Involvement 1 7 2 16 7 5 22.2 Distracted Driving 2 8 2 9 1 8 15.9 Speed-Related 5 11 5 1 22 9.2 Other 5 7 1 16 6.7 Fail to Yield/Traffic Control Disregarded 5 1 5 2 8.4 Following Too Closely 5 1 5 2 8.4 Other s 1 6 1 8. Careless Driving/Stunting 1 4 4 2 11 4.6 Driver Inexperience/Confusion 1 6 1 1 9.8 Pedestrian Action Contributed 1 4 1.7 * A collision can have a maximum of four contributing factors for each vehicle involved. 1 Alcohol involvement collisions involve drivers who have been coded as ʻHad Been Drinkingʼ or ʻImpairedʼ. 2 Distracted driving collisions involve drivers who have been coded as ʻInattentiveʼ or ʻDistractedʼ. Speed-related collisions involve drivers who have been coded as ʻDriving Too Fast for Road sʼ or ʻExceeding the Speed Limitʼ. 14
All Major Contributing Factors In 216 Fatal Collisions Table.2 Urban Provincial Rural Driver/Vehicle/ Factors Streets Highways Roads Other % of Alcohol Involvement 1 7 2 16 7 5 22.2 Distracted Driving 2 8 2 9 1 8 15.9 Speed-Related 5 11 5 1 22 9.2 Other 5 7 1 16 6.7 Fail to Yield/Traffic Control Disregarded 5 1 5 2 8.4 Following Too Closely 5 1 5 2 8.4 Other s 1 6 1 8. Careless Driving/Stunting 1 4 4 2 11 4.6 Driver Inexperience/Confusion 1 6 1 1 9.8 Pedestrian Action Contributed 1 4 1.7 Weather s 8 8. Passing or Improper Lane Usage 2 5 2.1 Drugs (Prescription or Illegal) 1 1 1 1. Taking Evasive Action 1 4 1.7 Animal Action (Wild). Other 1. Lost Consciousness/Other Illness. Fell Asleep 1. Snow Drift. View Obstructed/Limited 1. Physical/Medical Disability 1 1 2.8 Defective Tires/Tire Blowout. Other Vehicle /Defect 1 1.4 Lane Marking Inadequate. Defective Exhaust System. Extreme Fatigue 2 1 1. Turning Improperly 2 1 1. 1 Alcohol involvement collisions involve drivers who have been coded as ʻHad Been Drinkingʼ or ʻImpairedʼ. 2 Distracted driving collisions involve drivers who have been coded as ʻInattentiveʼ or ʻDistractedʼ. Speed-related collisions involve drivers who have been coded as ʻDriving Too Fast for Road sʼ or ʻExceeding the Speed Limit'. 15
Major Contributing Factors by Collision Severity 6% Fatal Collisions Figure.1 25% Injury Collisions 1% Vehicle 2% 48% Vehicle 2% 49% 25% All Collisions.6% 1.8% Vehicle 1.6% 6% Count of Factors by Severity Driver Inattention Driver Inexperience/Confusion Driver Distraction Driving While Impaired Had Been Drinking Other s Fell Asleep Extreme Fatigue Drugs (Prescription or Illegal) Lost Consciousness/Other Illness Physical/Medical Disability Defective Eyesight/Hearing Property Damage 7,211 665,599 476 46 2,171 128 68 41 5 45 16 14,819 Personal Injury 691 266 5 29 87 147 66 4 29 42 2 7 1,915 Table. Fatal 2 9 6 44 9 8 2 119 7,94 94,91 729 442 2,26 197 15 7 95 79 2 16,85 Count of Factors by Severity Fail to Yield Following Too Closely Driving Too Fast for s Taking Evasive Action Traffic Control Device Disregarded Other Passing or Improper Lane Usage Backing Unsafely Turning Improperly Careless Driving/Stunting Exceeding Speed Limit Pedestrian Action Contributed Fail to Signal Driving Wrong Way in One Way Traffic Property Damage 2,84 1,89 1,112 897 77 1,541 929 746 849 2 124 2 2 11 11,28 16 Personal Injury 928 88 24 222 4 6 129 115 11 88 57 1,578 % of Factors 16.9 2. 8. 1.6.9 5..4.2.2.2.2. 6. Table.4 Fatal 15 2 12 4 5 16 5 11 1 4 87,27 2,775 1,448 1,12 1,52 1,89 1,6 776 967 447 222 6 2 24 14,9 % of Factors 6.5 5.9.1 2.4 2.2 4. 2. 1.7 2.1 1..5.1..1 1.8
Count of Vehicle Factors by Severity Table.5 Property Personal % of Vehicle Damage Injury Fatal Factors Other Vehicle /Defect 155 7 1 19.4 Defective Tires/Tire Blowout 94 22 116.2 Jackknife/Trailer Swing 44 7 2 5.1 Defective Brakes 46 19 68.1 Vehicle Overloaded/Improperly Loaded 56 5 61.1 View from Vehicle Obstructed 7 7 8.2 Load Shifted/Spilled 8 4 42.1 Defective Suspension/Wheel Failure 41 11 52.1 Defective Steering 24 5 29.1 Defective Engine/Power Train/Wiring 1 16. Defective Lights 5 8. Lights Not On 8 11. Defective Exhaust System. 592 11 6 729 1.6 Count of Factors by Severity Table.6 Property Personal % of Damage Injury Fatal Factors Road (Surface or Structure) 2,671 561 9,241 6.9 Animal Action (Wild) 6,684 1 6,997 14.9 Weather s 674 18 8 865 1.8 Uninvolved Vehicle 62 2 1 851 1.8 View Obstructed/Limited 7 14 477 1. Other 258 64 25.7 Excessive Loose Gravel 126 89 218.5 Snow Drift 176 2 28.4 Sun Glare 14 72 26.4 Uninvolved Pedestrian 124 6 1 188.4 Animal Action (Domestic) 185 2 2 219.5 Obstruction/Debris on Road 24 4 1 269.6 Construction Zone 11 48 149. Soft or Defective Shoulder 76 4 1 111.2 Traffic Control Device Not Working 21 1 4.1 Lane Marking Inadequate 11 14. 12,465 1,875 2 14,72.7 17
Count of Factors by Road System Table.7 Urban Provincial Rural % of Streets Highways Roads Other Factors Driver Inattention 7,242 475 17 44 7,94 16.9 Driver Inexperience/Confusion 52 214 164 42 94 2. Driver Distraction,645 178 75 12,91 8. Driving While Impaired 52 141 44 42 729 1.6 Had Been Drinking 287 84 45 26 442.9 Other s 2,27 7 4 9 2,26 5. Fell Asleep 48 125 2 4 197.4 Extreme Fatigue 46 45 1 4 15.2 Drugs (Prescription or Illegal) 52 14 4 7.2 Lost Consciousness/Other Illness 67 2 4 1 95.2 Physical/Medical Disability 55 21 79.2 Defective Eyesight/Hearing 16 7 2. 14,687 1,97 582 187 16,85 6. Count of Factors by Road System Table.8 Urban Provincial Rural % of Streets Highways Roads Other Factors Fail to Yield 2,764 172 76 15,27 6.5 Following Too Closely 2,582 12 4 21 2,775 5.9 Driving Too Fast for s 981 225 2 42 1,448.1 Taking Evasive Action 54 5 212 72 1,12 2.4 Traffic Control Device Disregarded 974 61 15 2 1,52 2.2 Other 1,589 182 7 49 1,89 4. Passing or Improper Lane Usage 925 111 16 11 1,6 2. Backing Unsafely 716 12 2 25 776 1.7 Turning Improperly 858 55 7 17 967 2.1 Careless Driving/Stunting 12 74 6 25 447 1. Exceeding Speed Limit 126 65 21 1 222.5 Pedestrian Action Contributed 52 6 2 6.1 Fail to Signal 15 4 1 2. Driving Wrong Way in One Way Traffic 2 1 24.1 12,448 1,47 755 29 14,9 2 Count of Vehicle Factors by Road System Table.9 Urban Provincial Rural % of Vehicle Streets Highways Roads Other Factors Other Vehicle /Defect 99 6 25 9 19.4 Defective Tires/Tire Blowout 2 59 17 8 116.2 Vehicle Overloaded/Improperly Loaded 21 2 5 61.1 Jackknife/Trailer Swing 7 28 14 4 5.1 Defective Brakes 51 6 4 7 68.1 View from Vehicle Obstructed 64 6 9 1 8.2 Load Shifted/Spilled 11 24 7 42.1 Defective Suspension/Wheel Failure 15 27 7 52.1 Defective Steering 15 5 8 1 29.1 Defective Engine/Power Train/Wiring 9 1 16. Lights Not On 6 5 11. Defective Lights 2 4 2 8. Defective Exhaust System. 2 259 11 7 729 1.6 18
Count of Factors by Road System Table.1 Urban Provincial Rural % of Streets Highways Roads Other Factors Road (Surface or Structure) 1,757 75 574 25,241 6.9 Animal Action (Wild) 16 5,22 1,84 254 6,997 14.9 Weather s 275 446 11 4 865 1.8 Uninvolved Vehicle 548 25 4 28 851 1.8 View Obstructed/Limited 178 176 76 47 477 1. Other 92 12 7 1 25.7 Excessive Loose Gravel 21 44 1 2 218.5 Snow Drift 88 8 7 28.4 Sun Glare 159 14 26.4 Uninvolved Pedestrian 18 4 1 188.4 Animal Action (Domestic) 47 9 54 25 219.5 Obstruction/Debris on Road 7 144 44 8 269.6 Construction Zone 7 61 1 5 149. Soft or Defective Shoulder 1 8 55 8 111.2 Traffic Control Device Not Working 21 2 7 4 4.1 Lane Marking Inadequate 7 4 1 2 14.,668 7,42 2,59 694 14,72.7 Major Contributing Factors in Collisions by Road System Figure.2 Urban Streets Provincial Highways 4% 12% Vehicle 1% Vehicle % 1% 1% 47% 71% Rural Roads Other Roads 64% 16% 24% Action 19% Vehicle % Vehicle 14% % 57% 19