The SaveCAP project: Cyclist and pedestrian protection Carmen Rodarius Stefanie de Hair Margriet van Schijndel 1 BGS
Aim SaveCAP project Development of Vulnerable Road Users protection measures Project commissioned by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment and also supported by the Swedish Government Project partners: 2 BGS
Project background (1) 8000 1200 7000 1000 6000 NL Fatalities German fatalities Cyclists Bicycles Pedestrians Total Total 800 5000 4000 600 3000 400 2000 200 1000 0 0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Only the complete package will work Training Infrastructure Cyclist visibility and detectability and personal protection Vulnerable Road Users (VRU) friendliness of the vehicle 35% of fatalities are and 25% (2009 figures Amsterdam) 10% of fatalities are and 40% (2009 figures Berlin) 3 BGS
Project background (2) Conclusions of previous TNO work Cyclists hit higher with their head on the windshield than pedestrians Countermeasures for pedestrians are not always as beneficial for cyclists. Potential solutions (VRU protection measures) Automatic braking Airbag covering major injurious parts of the windshield and pillars 4 BGS
Steps taken so far 2012 2011 2010 Accident Analysis Step 1: Specifications airbag and sensor system Computer simulation of cyclists kinematics Accident reconstruction tests 2009 5 BGS
Computer simulations Cyclist models 2 different anthropometries Dutch male Small female Bicycle models Hybrid bicycle & granny bicycle Representative geometry & mass Steering motion possible Realistic wheel & front fork stiffness 4 Vehicle front categories Small / large bonnet Small / large windscreen angle 3yo 6yo 5%f 50%m95%m 6 BGS
Computer simulations Parameter variations Vehicle type geometry variation inside each vehicle class no variation in vehicle stiffness no variations in vehicle mass (1300 kg) Human reaction (driver & bicyclist) no human reaction included Vehicle velocity 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 km/h Cyclist velocity 18 km/h Cyclist posture follows from bicycle type 7 BGS
Computer simulations general findings Cyclists hit the car higher than pedestrians Windscreen = main impact location for all cyclists Influence of velocities, bicycle orientations and bicycle cyclist combination is bigger than influence of car geometry 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% head impact locations Female on hybrid bicycle obtains higher accelerations than male on granny bicycle 20% 0% Model A (SB LA) Model B (LB SA) Model C (SB SA) Model D (LB LA) Lower bonnet (BLE) and lower cars in general result in lower pelvis and head accelerations no hit upper bonnet w indscreen roof 8 BGS
Computer simulations 9 BGS
Steps taken so far & on-going steps 2012 2011 Step 2: Development, field test 2010 System development based on project specifications Sensor Field Test Step 1: Specifications airbag and sensor system Accident Analysis Computer simulation of cyclists kinematics Accident reconstruction tests 2009 10 BGS
Sensor Field Test (SFT) setup Capture video data of critical situations in order to develop sensor algorithm to optimize airbag trigger algorithm 5 equipped vehicles ONLY Stereo camera, GPS, yawrate NO Airbag, contact sensor, Active Braking collecting data in all weather conditions vehicles of KPN service fleet Volkswagen Caddy ~20.000 km/year Each vehicle has 1 driver Amsterdam The Hague Delft Utrecht Helmond Started: November 2010 11 BGS
Equipment layout Data storage & Back-up Status Data transfer & remote PC control express 1x month ftp server Each time a vehicle is switched on External harddisk Data Logging PC/ECU Running algorithm Extra holes & fans Ventilation SimCard + Modem Status message transfer Battery Stand-alone power supply Storage space 3G Antenna Data transfer converter GPS device Obtaining position data Stereo camera Obtaining vision data Status indicator light Inform driver to reset Generator Charging power supply CAN bus 12 BGS
Preliminary results: Sequence 1 Sensor: critical situation Reality: critical situation 13 BGS
Preliminary results: Sequence 2 Sensor: difficult situation Reality: non critical situation 14 BGS
Example from SFT (1) 15 15 BGS
Example from SFT (2) 16 16 BGS
Robustness 17 Minimise number of false triggers Correctly handle safe unexpected realistic situations 17 BGS
Steps taken so far & way to go 18 2012 Step 3: Demonstration of Proof of Concept Proof that increased pedestrian and cyclist safety is within reach with the current vehicle fleet 2010 2011 Accident Analysis System testing in (pre)crash laboratory Step 2: Development, field test System development based on project specifications Step 1: Specifications airbag and sensor system Computer simulation of cyclists kinematics Sensor Field Test Accident reconstruction tests 2009 18 BGS
Tests in Sweden Full-scale dummy tests Reference tests Airbag tests Cyclist & Vehicle Component tests 19 BGS
Steps taken so far & way to go 20 2012 Introduction in the vehicle fleet Continue research Inform EU, NCAP EU Project AsPeCSS Step 3: Demonstration of Proof of Concept Proof that increased pedestrian and cyclist safety is within reach with the current vehicle fleet 2010 2011 Accident Analysis System testing in (pre)crash laboratory Step 2: Development, field test System development based on project specifications Step 1: Specifications airbag and sensor system Computer simulation of cyclists kinematics Sensor Field Test Accident reconstruction tests 2009 20 BGS
Next steps 21 Full Scale tests in Helmond (Sept 2012) PreCrash tests in Helmond (Okt 2012) VRU Safety Days (7 and 8 Nov 2012) ASPECSS Workshop (7) International Cyclist Safety Conference (7&8) Demonstration of project results (includes crash test) (8) 21 BGS
Contact Margriet van Schijndel, TNO Margriet.vanschijndel@tno.nl Phone: +31 88 866 5755 22 Website www.savecap.org contact: stefanie.dehair@tno.nl 22 22 BGS