Insect, Weed and Overseeding Management for 2005 Wendy Gelernter Ph.D.
2005: A banner year for CDFA 5/3: Trimmit registered 5/11: Revolver registered 5/12: Velocity registered A new world of Poa management?
TRIMMIT 2 SC (paclobutrazole) Registered in CA 5/3/05 to Syngenta Signal word: Caution Labeled on: greens, tees, fairways, roughs and almost all turf types (not kikuyu) Turf safety: some reversible discoloration of bent and rye Temperature requirements: Best during moderately warm weather (spring and fall) when cool-season turf is actively growing
Trimmit 2 SC: What it Does Type II GA inhibitor (similar to Primo) Regulates growth on all turf types, but poa is most sensitive Effects seen 1-2 weeks after treatment; lasts 3 to 8 wks
Trimmit 2SC on bentgrass greens 6.4 oz 16 oz/a (0.15 0.37 oz/a) 2-3 applications, spring and fall, 3-4 wks apart New greens with low Poa infestations optimal Multiple years required for control Best performance inland where bentgrass is more competitive Some discoloration of bentgrass may occur
Trimmit 2SC on bentgrass green Poppy Ridge GC, Livermore, CA Photo courtesy Mark Mahady and Syngenta
The Bridges at Rancho Santa Fe Mike Hathaway CGCS and Bill Ousterhout, superintendents Trimmit applied once to G6 collars to evaluate phytotoxicity: 3/7/05 68F air temp 61 soil temp Low rate 0.23 oz/1000 sq ft
The Bridges, 4 weeks after treatment Thinning and discoloration of turf
The Bridges, 4 weeks after treatment No treatment Trimmit
Trimmit on overseeded fairways for Poa control Begin applications at 85% rye cover (~December) 3 4 monthly applications at 8-10 oz/a Primo Maxx (13 22 oz/a) at first mow
Trimmit on overseeded turf Shady Canyon CC David Major CGCS, superintendent Trimmit applied twice to overseeded tee, fairway and rough plots and to A4 bentgrass greens and collars: 5/10/05 69F air temp 69 soil temp 5/30/05 77F air temp 82 soil temp 0.23 oz/1000 sq ft (10 oz/a)
Shady Canyon Fairway 14 Decreased turf quality after 2 applications 400 390 380 No treatment Trimmit No treatment Trimmit Turf quality 370 360 350 340 330 5/30/05 6/20/05 Applied 5/10 and 5/30/05
Fairway 14 Trimmit 0.23 oz/1000 30% Poa No treatment 35% Poa 5/10/05
Fairway 14 Trimmit 0.23 oz/1000 25% Poa No treatment 35% Poa 5/30/05 (20 days after 1 st trt)
Fairway 14 No treatment 45% Poa Trimmit 0.23 oz/1000 15% Poa 6/20/05 (41 days after 1 st trt)
Shady Canyon Tee 14 Decreased turf quality after 2 applications 320 No treatment 310 300 No treatment Trimmit Trimmit Turf quality 290 280 270 260 250 240 5/30/05 6/20/05 Applied 5/10 and 5/30/05
Tee 6/20/05
Tee 14, 6/20/05
Tee 14, 6/20/05
Driving Range 6/20 after 1 application made 5/30/05
Where is the damage occurring: Poa or rye/bermudagrass? 500 450 400 No treatment No treatment Trimmit Turf quality 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 Trimmit 0 Poa Rye/Bermuda Shady Canyon driving range, 6/20/05. Applied 0.23 oz/1000 5/30/05
Turf quality considerations Decreased turf quality should be expected, especially if poa > 5% Due primarily to Poa injury Some discoloration and thinning also seen on bent and overseeded bermuda Can be partly mitigated with N and Fe and by treating only healthy, actively growing turf
Conclusions Start with lower rates (0.18 oz/1000 sq ft) and increase if necessary on monthly schedule Water in within 24 hours Will regulate other warm- and cool-season turf, though not as heavily Mixtures with other growth regulators: Primo: not recommended, esp on greens Embark: OK Proxy: separate applications by 7 days
VELOCITY (bispyribac( bispyribac) Registered: in CA 5/12/05 to Valent Signal word: Caution What it does: A sulfonylurea that controls Poa (annua and trivialis) but is safe for ryegrass Labeled on: bent, rye, dormant bermuda tees and fairways Not labeled on: greens Turf safety: Safe on dormant bermuda Kikuyu, paspalum unknown Temp. requirements: Best at 55F 80F (??!!**)
Velocity (bispyribac) Bent and rye can be temporarily injured Injury is chlorosis of leaf tissue Yellow Flash Appears within 4-7 days Dissipates within 7-14 days Currently no known way to mask injury
Turfgrass Tolerance to Velocity Ryegrass Bentgrass Fescue tall to fine Kentucky bluegrass Poa trivialis Poa annua Tolerant Less Tolerant
Poa control on overseeded fairways, 2004 Velocity rate oz/a Interval (days) Pelican Hill TPC Valencia Desert Princess % Avg Control 1.3 + 1.3 14 86 bc 90 ab 70 a 82 2.0 + 2.0 28 97 a 95 ab 63 a 85 0.65 + 0.65 + 0.65 14 83 c 93 ab 66 a 81 1.3 + 1.3 + 1.3 14 98 a 96 ab 74 a 89
Poa control on overseeded fairways, 2004 Velocity Rate oz/a Interval (days) Pelican Hill TPC Valencia Desert Princess % Avg Control 1.3 + 1.3 14 86 bc 90 ab 70 a 82 2.0 + 2.0 28 97 a 95 ab 63 a 85 0.65 + 0.65 + 0.65 14 83 c 93 ab 66 a 81 1.3 + 1.3 + 1.3 14 98 a 96 ab 74 a 89 2 3 applications @ 1.3 oz/a during winter
Pelican Hill, Newport Coast CA March 23, 2004
Other weeds controlled by Velocity Chickweed Clover (large hop, white) Dandelion (seedling) Henbit Lawn burweed Plantain Swinecress Yellow nutsedge (seedling) Also does a good job of suppressing dollar spot
REVOLVER (foramsulfuron( foramsulfuron) Registered: in CA 5/11/05 to Bayer Signal word: Caution Labeled on: greens, tees, fairways, roughs Turf safety: Safe on dormant and non-dormant bermuda Mild yellowing of paspalum Dramatic yellowing of kikuyugrass Temperature requirements: Non-overseeded bermuda: any time Overseeded bermuda: a more complicated story
Morgan Run GC, 2003 Kevin Kienast, superintendent A sulfonylurea herbicide transition accelerator that removes rye and poa from bermudagrass
The fly in the ointment: timing 6/5/02: 15 DAT (applied at 25% bermuda cover)
6/21/02: 31 DAT
7/19/02: 45 DAT
Maximizing the benefits while minimizing the risks: 1. OPTIMAL APPLICATION TIMING When >50% growth potential for warmseason turf is reached (avg air temps>73 for prolonged period) When bermuda cover is >80% When the 100 day guideline is met (100 days between rye removal and overseeding date)
Optimal application timing for transition accelerators based on temperatures, warm-season growth potential and time until overseeding Predicted in Average year Desert Inland Coast April 15-May 15 June 1-15 July 1 Aug 1* * some yellowing and bare spots should be expected
Cathedral City, CA (desert) CIMIS 188 Accumulated warm season growth. 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 80% bermuda 4/28/05 2004 2000 2002 2005 2003 0 3/1 3/29 4/26 5/24 6/21
Riverside, CA (inland) CIMIS 44 Accumulated warm season growth. 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 80% bermuda cover 6/12/05 2004 2 20 2005 0 3/1 3/15 3/29 4/12 4/26 5/10 5/24 6/7
Santa Monica, CA (Coast) CIMIS 99 2000 Accumulated warm season growth. 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 80% bermuda cover 0 3/1 3/15 3/29 4/12 4/26 5/10 5/24 6/7
Optimal application timing for transition accelerators Desert Inland Coast Predicted in Average year April 15-May 15 June 1-15 July 1 Aug 1* 2005 April 28 June 12 Not there yet * some yellowing and bare spots should be expected on the Coast, in shady or stressed areas
Decreased risk of yellowing and bare spots 1. Optimal timing 2. Lower (half) rates: 0.2 oz/1000 for Revolver 3. Multi year program 4. Baby the bermuda Gentler renovations, lower seeding rates Gradually decrease mowing heights in spring to kick start bermuda growth Push N (1/2 lb N/1000 sq ft/14 days) starting 4 wks before application Don t withhold water
Putting it all together: sample Poa management programs Bentgrass greens Product oz/1000 sq f Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Trimmit 0.15-0.3 bensulide 4.7 (a.i.) Proxy/Primo* 5.0 / 0.125 *only if Poa populations are high enough Limit soil P to 20 ppm Assumes a San Diego climate; application timings will vary in other locations
Putting it all together: sample Poa management programs Non-overseeded bermudagrass fairways Product rate/a Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Dimension EC 2 qts Barricade 65 WG 0.75 lb Revolver 17.4 oz as needed for rye, poa, goosegrass control; 3 apps/yr max Assumes a San Diego climate; application timings will vary in other locations
Putting it all together: sample Poa management programs Overseeded bermudagrass fairways Product rate/a Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Dimension EC 2 qts Barricade 65 WG 0.75 lb Trimmit 8-10 oz Primo Maxx 13-22 oz Proxy* 1.7 ga Revolver 8.7-17.4 oz for rye, poa removal @ spring transition; for timing see table above 1.3 oz or 0.5 use as needed for post-emergent control of "escapes"; bermuda must Velocity or Prograss ga be dormant *only if Poa populations are high enough assumes an overseeding date of Oct. 1 Assumes a San Diego climate; application timings will vary in other locations
Grub watch Black turfgrass ataenius Masked chafers 1 generation/year eggs laid July 3-4 generations/year eggs laid May - November
Timing of Merit applications for 2005 Coast Inland Desert* BTA 6/15-7/15 6/15-6/30 5/1 6/1; 7/1 8/1 Chafers 6/15-8/1 6/15-7/15 5/1 7/1 *split applications may be necessary
For problem BTA locations Talstar (bifenthrin) applied when BTA adults first appear in large numbers (May June): controls adults and limits egg laying Merit application late June/early July for 3 months of control of newly hatched grubs
ALLECTUS Pre-mix insecticide of imidacloprid (Merit) plus bifenthrin (Talstar) Marketed by Bayer Not yet registered in CA Signal word: Caution (restricted use; sale and use only to Certified Applicators or people under their supervision) Controls above-ground and below-ground insects
ARENA Arena Active ingredient: clothiandin In the same chemical family as imidacloprid (Merit), but some caterpillar acitvity Federal registration in January, 2005; not registered in CA Marketed by Arvesta Signal word: Caution White grubs, billbugs, sod webworms
Allectus controls above- and belowground insects Caterpillars Billbug adults Black turfgrass ataenius adults
Allectus controls above- and belowground insects Caterpillars Billbug adults Black turfgrass ataenius adults Billbugs larvae White grubs
Allectus Fit in California depends on your situation: Billbugs: late April/early May application will kill adults aboveground and larvae in plant and soil Black turfgrass ataenius: late spring application for adults will provide 3 months of control of grubs Perennial cutworm and grub problems