International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 8, August 2018, pp. 1564-1574, Article ID: IJCIET_09_08_157 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=8 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed PRIORITIZATION OF BLACK SPOTS IN EAST BANGALORE & IMPROVEMENTS OF GEOMETRICS TO BLACK SPOT IN OUTER RING ROAD Sanath A H Post Graduate Student, Ramaiah University of Applied Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Nikhil T R Assistant Professor, Ramaiah University of Applied Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India Yateen Lokesh Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Ramaiah University of Applied Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India ABSTRACT The simultaneous increase of population results in rapid and extensive increase of motor vehicles in the country. It has faced many problems in traffic management; the major issue is Road accidents. The factors of the current scenario are Human, Vehicle and Road. As a matter of fact, to control the issue, road is preferable than Human and vehicle. This paper deals with the identification of Blackspots and improvements to the specific locations in terms of geometrics of road. The procedure described is based on recorded accidents, data about accidents and traffic volume. Finally, the evaluation of the proposed remedies will be simulated using vissim software. Keywords: Accident data (FIR), PTV Vissim, Prioritization of Black spots, Traffic studies, WSI Method. Cite this Article: Sanath A H, Nikhil T R and Yateen Lokesh, Prioritization of Black Spots In East Bangalore & Improvements of Geometrics To Black Spot In Outer Ring Road, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(8), 2018, pp. 1564-1574. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=8 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1564 editor@iaeme.com
M. Afif Salim, Agus B Siswanto, Dhony Priyo Suseno with Purwantini 1. INTRODUCTION Road accidents are one of the causes of disability, injury and death. This study includes the factors which contribute to road accidents and effective measures to reduce the occurrence of accidents. The traffic engineer makes an important contribution to better design and control of the road system. Bangalore is the city comes in fourth position from the top 10 cities with the highest number of Road Crash Deaths (in India). In this, accident data s are used to identify black spots and traffic studies are used to find the improvements in geometrics of road. The accident data can be obtained from First information Report (FIR). Collected data s are classified in to Location, Fatal/ Grievous injury accident details of three consecutive years, Type of collision, Type of Vehicles Involved, No. of Vehicles Involved. The identified spots can be investigated with traffic volume studies to identify the improvements. 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Neha Bhangria et al. (2017) had done a paper on Review on black spot study of highways in India. Indian highways are surged more than 400% from 2001 to 2013, but in case of National Highways it grown only 133%. This is the major cause of accidents and congestion in India. The other important features for the Causes of the accidents are over speeding, unavailability of service roads in built up areas, absence of pedestrian crossing and cyclist paths along the road, absence of lane marking, warning sign boards, speed breakers, the traffic rules and not following. Remedies for the issues are use of intelligent transportation system (ITS), enforcing strict laws against breaking the traffic rules, providing proper road marking. Snehal U Bombade et al. (2015) studied on Identification of accidental black spots on national Highways and Expressways. In this study, the parameters, those are responsible for the accidents are considered followed by a field survey. The field survey will gives the factors which affect the road and hazardous locations. In this paper author considered 10 parameters and it is ranked from 1 to 10 for each chainage. The most important parameter will get minimum rank. From this method black spots are identified, but a separate investigation is necessary for safer sides. Nikhil T R et al. (2013) studied on Identification of Black spots and improvements to junctions in Bangalore city. Goraguntepalya, Jalahalli are the two junctions (Black spots) considered in bangalore city for the analysis. From the classified datas of accidents and traffic volume; remedial measures are suggested. The condition of road, inadequate light in night, negligence of driver, absence of pedestrian crossing, speed brake, road hump are the main issues faced in the study area. Repairing of cracked surface, filling up of pot holes, installation of cat eyes in the junctions, provision of underpass or skywalk for the pedestrian, provision of road humps before the pedestrian signals etc are the remedial measures suggested by the authors. Mehul Hinsu et al. (2015) studied on Black spot identification and Remedial Measure for Accident in Ahmedabad city. In this case study, Black spots are identified based up on the accidents recorded and remedial measures are given for reducing accident at each black spot. From the literature study, Author describes that there are five methods for identifying hazardous locations. They are (1) The accident frequency method, (2) Accident rate method, (3) quality control method, (4) Accident severity method, and (5) combined method. The paper also states that, improving safety on roadway can be achieved through further improvements in vehicle safety, improvements in driver, pedestrian etc. But the results are classified not as per the priority or location. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1565 editor@iaeme.com
Prioritization of Black Spots In East Bangalore & Improvements of Geometrics To Black Spot In Outer Ring Road 3. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY Discussion on methodology to identify Black spots To Identify the Black spots of the Bangalore city ( East Division) To investigate the existing accident patterns at identified Black Spot To suggest Improvements in terms of road geometrics for Black spots identified (Using traffic studies) To simulate existing as well as proposed improvements using PTV Vissim (student) 4. METHODOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY THE BLACK SPOTS Generally four methods are used to identify the Black spots Weighted Severity Index Using Geographic Information System Method of Ranking Based on accident recorded on Police Stations 4.1. Weighted Severity Index WSI = (41* K) + (4*GI) + (1*MI) Where, K is the number of person killed GI is the number of grievous injury MI is the number of minor injury Locations having WSI above 40 are termed as accident black spots. This method can also use to rank the black spot for prioritization. 4.2. Using Geographic Information System 4.2.1. Kernel Density Estimation Using Arc GIS 10.2.2 It is a Spatial analysis method Used to calculate the density of accidents with a search radius of 50m It divides the entire study area to a pre-determined number of cells and applies a circular neighborhood around each crash Density Estimation measures cell densities in a raster by using a sample of known points Kernel function will centering at a known point and tampering of to 0 over a defined window area The black spot is detected in dark blue color for heavy vehicles and dark red for light vehicles http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1566 editor@iaeme.com
M. Afif Salim, Agus B Siswanto, Dhony Priyo Suseno with Purwantini 4.2.2. Point Density Estimation Fig 4.2 1 output using kernel density method It calculates the density of point features around each output raster cell A neighborhood is defined around each raster cell center, and the number of points that fall within the neighborhood is totaled and divided by the area of neighborhood 4.3. Method of Ranking Fig 4.2 2 output using point density method Collect accident data from Police Stations Identify various traffic and road related factors Analysis of black spots by using statistical models Detailed analysis of the top ranked spots http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1567 editor@iaeme.com
Prioritization of Black Spots In East Bangalore & Improvements of Geometrics To Black Spot In Outer Ring Road 4.4. Based on accident recorded on Police Stations The accident data can be obtained from First information Report (FIR) Collected datas are classified in to Location Fatal/ Grievous injury accident details of three consecutive years Type of collision Type of Vehicles Involved No. of Vehicles Involved From the classified data, five road accidents took place during the last three consecutive Calendar years involving fatalities/grievous injuries or Ten fatalities took place during the last three consecutive calendar years (As per Karnataka Govt Order, Dated 4/4/2017) 5. IDENTIFICATION OF BLACK SPOTS From the FIR (first information report) copies of three consecutive years (2016,2017, 2018), Five road accidents took place during the last three consecutive Calendar years involving fatalities/grievous injuries or Ten fatalities took place during the last three consecutive calendar years are considered to identify the black spot. Following are the Black spots in Bangalore East Division. Table 5 1 Black Spots in East Division Sl No Location Type of Road 1 Old Airport road, command hospital Bus stop City Road 2 Koramangala Inner ring road Near Honda show room City Road 3 Outer Ring road, Bhima Jewellers City Road 4 Outer Ring Road, KEB Junction City Road 5 Outer Ring Road, Near Forest Office City Road 6 Old Madras road, Bhattarahalli Junction NH 7 Mahadevapur ring road, Near B. Narayanapura Bus stop City Road 8 Ramamurthy nagara ring road, Kasthurinagara Bridge City Road 9 Infront of Sterling Apartment Varthur Lake road SH 35 10 Container yard Exit road junction, ITPL Main road City Road 11 Rupena Agraha, Near bus stop NH 07 12 Singasandra Bus sptop NH 07 13 Hosur main road near Singasandra Bus stop NH 07 14 Naganathpura Junction NH 07 15 Konappanna Agrahara Junction NH 07 16 Veerasandra Junction NH 07 17 Nice Road Other Road http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1568 editor@iaeme.com
M. Afif Salim, Agus B Siswanto, Dhony Priyo Suseno with Purwantini Table 5 2 East Division: Summary of accidents Year 2016 2017 2018 (up to March) Total No of Deaths 70 73 3 146 Grievously Injured persons 46 56 1 103 5.1. Prioritization of Black spots The observed black spot locations are classified and ranked using weighted severity index method. The greater WSI value spots can be considered as first priority and vice versa. Prioritized locations and its WSI values are listed below: No Location WSI 1 Outer Ring road, Bhima Jewellers 426 2 Singasandra Bus stop 410 3 Nice Road 295 4 Outer Ring Road, Near Forest Office 287 5 Old Airport road, command hospital Bus stop 262 6 Naganathpura Junction 213 7 Mahadevapur ring road, Near B. Narayanapura Bus stop 210 8 Koramangala Inner ring road Near Honda show room 205 9 Konappanna Agrahara Junction 184 10 Ramamurthy nagara ring road, Kasthurinagara Bridge 176 11 Outer Ring Road, KEB Junction 172 12 Old Madras road, Bhattarahalli Junction) 168 13 Infront of Sterling Apartment Varthur Lake road 135 14 Container yard Exit road junction, ITPL Main road 98 15 Veerasandra Junction 57 16 Rupena Agraha, Near bus stop 40 17 Hosur main road near Singasandra Bus stop 20 6. INVESTIGATION ON BLACK SPOTS (USING TRAFFIC STUDIES) Top ranked location in outer ring road, near Bhima jewellers have been taken for the investigation. Geometrics survey, Traffic volume study, Spot speed study are carried out to identify the existing accident pattern. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1569 editor@iaeme.com
Prioritization of Black Spots In East Bangalore & Improvements of Geometrics To Black Spot In Outer Ring Road Figure 6. 1 Details of geometry Figure 6. 2 Condition collision diagram 6.1. Traffic Volume Study (Per Hour) Traffic volume study is carried out in both peak hour and non-peak hour. As per the IRC 86-1983 the passenger car unit (PCU) value for different class of vehicles are Two wheeler= 0.5, Light Motor vehicle= 1, Heavy Motor Vehicle= 3.5. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1570 editor@iaeme.com
M. Afif Salim, Agus B Siswanto, Dhony Priyo Suseno with Purwantini Hour (9AM 10AM) Direction TW LMV HMV Total PCU Serv. Road (a) 173 103 14 239 From Bhima 1650 1812 418 4100 Towards Bhima 1514 1715 503 4233 Serv. Road (b) 112 91 20 217 Non- Hour (12PM 1PM) Direction TW LMV HMV Total PCU Serv. Road (a) 83 66 8 136 From Bhima 1100 1215 256 2661 Towards Bhima 1211 1113 311 2807 Serv. Road (b) 73 56 18 156 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Non Non Non Non TW LMV HMV Serv. Road (a) From Bhima Towards Bhima Serv. Road (b) X Direction Indicates the Direction of Flow Y Direction Indicated Traffic Volume Graph 1 Direction of flow VS Traffic Volume Graph 6.2. Spot Speed Study (KM/hr) Spot speed is calculated using android software called as speed gun. The average speeds of the vehicles in each direction are noted. Direction TW LMV HMV Serv. Road (a) 35 51 31 From Bhima 55 63 60 Towards Bhima 50 65 63 Serv. Road (b) 33 50 30 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1571 editor@iaeme.com
Prioritization of Black Spots In East Bangalore & Improvements of Geometrics To Black Spot In Outer Ring Road Fig 6. 3 HMV vehicles are moving in right end lane Fig 6. 4 Unauthorized parking 7. SUGGESTED IMPROVEMENTS Vehicle entry from the pocket roads should be restricted to reduce the conflict points Parking in the service road must be restricted Underpass/skywalk (2.5m width) should be provided to avoid the accidents Visibility is poor in night, provide proper lighting system in equal intervals The place must be monitored by traffic department, in respective intervals to check the speed Installation of safety boards (especially for two wheelers) HMV have to use only the left end lane to avoid the delay in other lane A warning sign of Black spot should be installed in the spot 8. SIMULATION USING PTV VISSIM (STUDENT) Figure 8. 1 Existing condition http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1572 editor@iaeme.com
M. Afif Salim, Agus B Siswanto, Dhony Priyo Suseno with Purwantini 9. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figure 8. 2 Proposed condition The Black spots in the Bangalore city was identified using traffic accident data. Later, the identified spots are prioritized by WSI method. Most of the prioritized black spots are concentrated nearer to the bus stop From the studies it came to know that, most of the victims of accidents are pedestrians and major accidents are happening due to ignorance of driver Provision of skywalk/underpass to pedestrians, additional lane in case of congested volume, informatory and warning boards aside of road, restriction of parking in the road side, provision of lighting system are major improvements proposed for the black spots PTV Vissim (student) version was used for simulating the real and improved spots. The results proves the necessity of improvement in terms of geometrics Since the PTV vissim (student) version have less features, several improvements are not done for simulation 10. CONCLUSION The identification and analysis of accident black spots help in identifying the stretches were accidents are more and these spots reduce the road safety in general. The spot on the road were traffic accidents frequently occur is termed as black spot The WSI (weighted severity index) method was used to rank the accident locations. The top ranked spot were selected and suggested some possible alternative measures to improve the transportation system The overall methodology was found to be effective for the identification, evaluation and treatment of accident black spots Implementation of the suggested improvement will help to increase the overall road safety and provides convenient travel for the road user http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1573 editor@iaeme.com
Prioritization of Black Spots In East Bangalore & Improvements of Geometrics To Black Spot In Outer Ring Road REFERENCES [1] Athira Mohan, Dr. V S Landge, Identification of accident black spots on National Highway, International journal of civil engineering and technology, Vol 8, Issue 4, April 2017 [2] A. Ashwini, Shikhar Shukla, harish Kumar K, Amit Kumar, B G Savitha, Identification and Analysis of Black spots Case study from Madiwala to Electronic City stretch, Bangalore, International journal of emerging research in management &technology, Vol 6, issue 5, may 2017 [3] Dinesh mohan, Geetam tiwari, Kavi bhalla, Road safety in India, Transportation research & injury prevention programme, IIT delhi, 2015 [4] Kaushal D shah, Dr S N Sachdeva, A comparative study of accident safety on haryana roads, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and civil engineering, 2015 [5] Liyamol isen, Shibu A, Seran M S, Identification of accident blackspots using geographic information system, International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology, (Dec 2013), volume 2 [6] Mehul Hinsu, Black spot identification and Remedial Measure for Accident in Ahmedabad city, IJSRD, Vol 3, Issue 4, 2015 [7] Michael Sorensen, Injury Severity Based Black Spot Identification, 2007 [8] National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Road Transport & Highway, Law commission of India, Global status report on road safety 2013 [9] Nikhil T R, Harish Kulkarni, Accident analysis and improvements to yashwanthpur junction in bangalore city, Indian journal for applied research, vol 3, issue 9, sept 2013 [10] R.R. Sorate, R.P Kulkarni, Idntification of accident Blackspots on national highway 4 (New katraj tunnel to Chandani chowk ), IOSR Journal of Mechanical and civil engineering, (may-june 2015) http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 1574 editor@iaeme.com