An introduction to Page 1
GREATER CoPENHAGEN COPENHAGEN Includes Includes eastern eastern Denmark Denmark and and southern Sweden southern Sweden 3.8 3.8 million million inhabitants inhabitants 17 12 universities, universities, 190,000 160,000 students students Vision: Vision: By By 2020 2020 Greater Greater Copenhagen Copenhagen is an is international an international hub hub for investments for investments and knowledge and should be and knowledge and should be considered amongst the most successful cities in considered among the most Europe. successful cities in Europe.
Summary Summary The global competition amongst cities for attracting investment, retaining talent and fostering growth is fierce. As an international metropolis and regional hub, Greater Copenhagen is well positioned to compete. Building upon a solid base, Greater Copenhagen aims to be a top destination for investments and a leading knowledge based economy by 2020, a hub region capable of competing with the most successful European cities. This resume clearly shows the many strengths and large potential of the Greater Copenhagen region. Expanding region Greater Copenhagen is a region that matters. More and more people are flocking to settle and the population is expected to increase approximately 7 pct. by 2025. Economically, the region s importance is also growing. Between 2000 and 2011, the productivity of the region has increased almost 8 pct. and GDP has grown more than 13 pct. In both cases, the regions performance has outdone those of Hamburg and Berlin; yet remain below Stockholm and Helsinki. World-class education Education is a strong hallmark of the Greater Copenhagen region. The region has 17 top tier universities and colleagues, is home to some 190.000 students and about 10.500 PhD students. Approximately 30 pct. of the labour force in Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania has taken an undergraduate or postgraduate education. Strong infrastructure In 2000 Denmark and Sweden were physically connected with the opening of the Oresund Bridge, bringing together the Scandinavian Peninsula with Central and Western Europe. Since then, the integration between eastern Denmark and western Sweden has deepened steadily, with numbers of travellers, people relocating and commuters having increased. Since the outbreak of the financial crisis, the trend has diminished though; the numbers of commuters decreased 20 pct. between 2008 and 2012. Main hub in Scandinavia Mainly due to Copenhagen Airport, Greater Copenhagen is the primary hub and connecting region in Northern Europe. Compared to other Northern European international airports, Copenhagen Airport has more passengers and a larger network of international destinations. Great connectivity Maintaining and expanding upon connective infrastructure is a priority in the Greater Copenhagen region. Therefore going towards 2025, a number of railway investments and projects designed to expand road infrastructure will ensure that the regional infrastructure will continue to act as an essential basis for growth, job creation and a more integrated labour market. Investments and innovation The regions high productivity and solid growth, is mirrored in its popularity as a destination for foreign investments and a strong focus on innovation and technology. About 3 1/2 pct. of the Greater Copenhagen workforce is employed in R&D and over four pct. of regional GDP is spent on furthering technology. About this publication This resume is a selection of key indicators, drawn from the large report available only in Danish. The full report Indblik i Greater Copenhagen contains an extensive range of key figures on a wide range of topics, highlighting the challenges and potential of the region. The resume has been made by Copenhagen Municipality with contributions from Copenhagen Airport, Copenhagen Capacity, The Capital Region of Denmark and the Oresund Institute. Page 3
Population trends Population growth for european metropoles Towards 2025 the population growth in Greater Copenhagen is expected to be lower than other european metropoles like Olso, Stockholm, Münich and Amsterdam. In contrast, towards 2025 the population growth in Hamburg and Berlin is expected to be lower than Greater Copenhagen The figure compares the population projection for Greater Copenhagen with selected european metropoles 2014 = INDEX 100 120 GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM OSLO BERLIN HAMBURG MUNICH AMSTERDAM 17,3% 17,0% 115 110 10,6% 8,9% 6,9% 105 2,1% 100-0,2% 95 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Figures depict numbers for the municipality excl. any surrounding region. Source: Statistics Denmark, Statistics Sweden, Statistics Norway, Statistics Stockholm, Statistics Malmö City, Statistics Centralbyrån, Statistiches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein, DESTATIS Statistiches Bundesamt, Bayeriches landesamt für Statistik, Planbureau veor de Leefomgeving Page 4
Economic development Economic growth and development Between 2000 and 2011, the economy of the Greater Copenhagen region grew 13 pct. averaging 1.1 pct. per year. This means that Greater Copenhagen grew slightly more than Berlin and Hamburg in the period as a whole as well as on average per year. However cities such as Stockholm and Helsinki grew significantly more in that period with 36 and 25 pct. respectively. The figure shows the growth of selected metropolitan regions. GROWTH IN REAL GDP, 2000= INDEX 100 140 GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM HELSINKI BERLIN HAMBURG 35,9% 130 25,3% 120 110 12,5% 11,4% 9,8% 100 90 80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Growth in GDP at market prices based on constant national currency Source: OECD Page 5
Economic development Productivity growth Productivity in Greater Copenhagen has grown by approximately 8 pct. from 2000 to 2010. This growth is lower than Stockholm and Helsinki, where productivity grew by about 20 pct. and 15 pct. respectively. Productivity growth in Greater Copenhagen has been higher than in Berlin, where the increase was only 2 pct. throughout in the period and Hamburg, who nearly had no growth. The figure shows the development in labour productivity calculated as GVA per. employee at fixed prices GVA PER. EMPLOYEE 2000, = INDEX 100 125 120 115 GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM HELSINKI BERLIN HAMBURG 19,2% 14,8% 110 105 100 7,9% 2,3% 0,4% 95 90 85 80 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GVA is equal to GDP deducted taxes and subsidies Source: OECD Page 6
Innovation & entrepreneurship Investments in R&D and people employed in R&D Greater Copenhagen has both a high share of the labour force employed in R&D, as well as a high level of expenditure on R&D. Compared to other regions, only Helsinki has higher levels of both employees and expenditure, putting Greater Copenhagen above Berlin, Hamburg and Stockholm. The figure shows the percentage of people employed in R&D functions, as well as the share of GDP expended on R&D in Gretaer Copenhagen and other regions for 2011 PCT. OF LABOURFORCE EMPLOYED IN R&D GDP EXPENDITURE ON R&D PCT. 5,0 4,5 4,3% 4,2% 4,4% 4,0 3,5 3,4% 3,5% 3,1% 3.8% 3,0 2,5 2,5% 2,2% 2,2% 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 Greater Copenhagen Helsinki Berlin Hamburg Stockholm GDP data is corrected for PPP and in constant prices, 2010 base year. Source: OECD Page 7
Internationalisation Foreign investments in european metropoles Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania attracted 232 foreign investments from 2009 to 2014. Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania thereby attracted more foreign investments than Stockholm attracted in the same period, but less than Hamburg, Berlin, Helsinki, Amsterdam and Dublin. Simultaneously the investment projects created fewest jobs in Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania compared to other metropoles, including Stockholm. The figures show the number of foreign investment projects in selected European metropoles in the period 2009-2014 and the number of jobs created by the investment projects. NUMBER OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS 900 844 NUMBER OF JOBS 45.000 43.274 800 40.000 700 640 35.000 33.939 600 30.000 500 25.000 400 395 369 20.000 300 200 232 221 251 15.000 10.000 5.751 7.656 8.172 10.915 8.981 100 5.000 0 Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania Stockholm Helsinki Berlin Hamburg Amsterdam Dublin 0 Greater Copenhagen excl. Scania Stockholm Helsinki Berlin Hamburg Amsterdam Dublin Source: Copenhagen Capacity Page 8
Internationalisation International conferences Greater Copenhagen is an internationally leading region for conferences. In 2013 143 international conferences were organized in Greater Copenhagen, which is more than in Hamburg and Oslo together. Greater Copenhagen is second only to Berlin, which had 178 international conferences in 2013. The figure shows the development in the number of international conferences in cities of Greater Copenhagen and selected metropoles. NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES. 195 GREATER COPENHAGEN COPENHAVN STOCKHOLM MALMÖ LUND BERLIN HAMBURG OSLO 180 165 150 135 120 105 90 75 60 45 30 15 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 International conferences refer to corporate and organizational meetings, which are subject to the following three criteria: (i) there must be at least 50 participants, (ii) meetings should be organized regularly, (iii) meetings should rotate between three different countries. Source: International Convention and Congress Association. Page 9
Tourism Overnight stays in European cities Greater Copenhagen has a higher number of tourists staying overnight than Stockholm, Helsinki and Hamburg, but far lower than in both Berlin and Amsterdam. In 2013 about 17 million tourists stayed overnight in the Greater Copenhagen region, while only about 11 million people stayed overnight in Stockholm. The figure shows the number of domestic and foreign overnight stays in hotels, hostels, camping sites, etc. OVERNIGHT STAYS (MIO.) 30 GREATER COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM HELSINKI BERLIN HAMBURG AMSTERDAM 25 20 15 10 5 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: Eurostat, VisitDenmark Page 10
Tourism Cruise ships and passengers in Nordic metropoles Around 750.000 cruise passengers visited Copenhagen in 2014, a considerably higher number of visitors than in other Nordic metropoles. In the same year, Copenhagen also had the highest number of visiting cruise ships. Both the number of passengers and cruise ships docking in Copenhagen increased between 2010 and 2012, however by 2014, these numbers had decreased to 2010/2011 levels. The figures show the number of cruise passengers and cruise ships in Nordic ports in the period 2009-2014. NUMBER OF PASSENGERS (1.000 PERSONS) 900 COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM OSLO HELSINKI NUMBER OF CRUISE SHIPS 400 COPENHAGEN STOCKHOLM OSLO HELSINKI 800 350 700 300 600 250 500 200 400 300 150 200 100 100 50 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Data for 2014 is estimated Source: Copenhagen Malmö Port Page 11
Copenhagen Airport International destinations In 2014 Copenhagen Airport was the largest airline hub in the Nordic region, with 24,6 pct. of passengers using the airport to catch connecting flights. That year also recorded the highest volume of passengers with 25,6 mio. The closest regional rival is Oslo, where 20,8 pct. of passengers use the airport as a connecting hub. With 24,3 mio. passengers, Oslo is also the closest rival in terms of passenger volume. The table shows the hub dimensions of Copenhagen Airport in 2014 compared to Stockholm, Oslo, Hamburg and Helsinki. Number of direct destinations, 2014 Copenhagen Stockholm Oslo Hamborg Helsinki Overseas destinations 27 19 11 9 14 European destinations 104 60 53 56 48 Scandinavian destinations 14 9 7 4 5 Total international destinations 145 88 71 69 67 Domestic destinations 6 24 26 13 15 Total number of destinations 151 112 97 82 82 Total passengers, million (2014) 25,6 22,4 24,3 14,8 15,9 Transfer-passengers (2013) 24,6% 8,4% 20,8% 15,5% Classifying airports according to their hub dimensions is done on the basis of the number of direct international destinations. Transfer-passengers are passengers with another final destination that the chosen airport. Source: Copenhagen Airport Page 12
Commuting and accessibility Workplaces within one hour of transport Although intra-regional connectivity is high, in general more workplaces can be reached with one hour of car transport than with one hour of transport by public transportation. However, the difference in time savings, between driving and public transportation, depends much on the train station chosen as point of departure. The figure shows the number of jobs that can be reached within one hour by car or public transport from the respective train stations. NUMBER OF WORKPLACES (1.000) 1.400 DRIVING PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION 1.120 840 560 280 0 Københavns H Københavns Lufthavn Hyllie St Roskilde St Malmø C Hillerød St Ringsted St Helsingør St Køge St Lund C Landskrona C Helsingborg C Lund - ESS Ystad C Kristianstad C The calculations are based on population data from 2013, road data from 2014 and data regarding public transportation from the spring of 2014. Source: Scania County Availability in the Oresund region Page 13
Commuting and accessibility Government rail investments The Greater Copenhagen region represents a coherent and connected labour market, supported by an ever expanding railway network. The map shows the government rail infrastructure and the planned future investments towards 2025. Investments towards 2025 Existing infrastructure Government rail investments towards 2025 Danish investments: Swedish investments: Deployment of ERTMS signalling New signalling system ERTMS corridor B incl. the part of program incl. S-train the Southern Main Line (Katrineholm-Malmö) and Norrkoping Electrification of railway system, Køge- Malmo, The Scania-line. Næstved, Roskilde-Kalundborg and Southern Main Line, Flackarp-Arlöv, capacity expansion of the Ringsted-Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link Malmö-Lund line City Circle Line in Copenhagen (partially West Coast Line, Ängelholm-Maria, including capacity expansion financed by Copenhagen municipality) of Angelholm-Helsingborg, the tunnel through Hallandsås, Light rail in Ring 3 double track Bastad, Förslöv, Lund (Högevall) Flackarp et al. Capacity expansion of the Oresund line Godsstråket through Skåne Copenhagen-Ringsted line Ystad line, capacity expansion of Malmö-Ystad Ringsted-Rødby, double track The Scania-line Kristianstad-Hässleholm New Storstrøm Bridge Hallandsås, Söderos line, Lomma line, Trelleborg line, Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link Ängleholm-Maria and Maria-Helsinborg C Upgrading the Hillerod, New Ellebjerg 2035 high-speed train/new fixed lines from and Glostrup stations. Stockholm to Malmo (project not finally adopted) Source: Ministry of Transport, Vegverket, Trafikverket and Scania County et al. Page 14
Commuting and accessibility Government road investments Investments to expand the road network and increase connectivity are made on a rolling basis. The map shows the government road infrastructure and the planned future investments towards 2025. Investments towards 2025 Existing infrastructure Government road investments towards 2025 Danish investments Greve south-køge Motorring 4 crossroad N Roskilde Fjord connection Intersection Frederikssund Regnstrup-Kalundborg Næstved bypassroad, route 54, Næstved-Rønnede, 1st stage New Storstrøm Bridge Nykoebing bypass road Sakskoebing-Rødbyhavn Hørsholm S-Øverød Swedish investments E22 Fjälkinge-Gualöv, highway E6 traffic junction, Spillepengen, new bridge, etc. E22 traffic junction Ideon E22 Hurva-Vä new route E65 Svedala-Börringe, highway E22 traffic junction Lund S E6 traffic junction Flädie Regional roads 19, 23 and 108 Source: Ministry of Transport, Vegverket, Trafikverket and Scania County et al. Page 15
Integration across Oresund Commuting across Oresund In 2000, approximately 3.300 people commuted across Oresund. By 2008 this number had increased to almost 20.000. Since 2008 however, the number has dropped and settled on approximately 16.000 in 2012. Throughout the period however, Swedish commuters have outnumbered their Danish peers significantly and in 2012 94 pct. of the commuters were from Sweden. The figure shows the number of commuters crossing Oresund from both the Swedish and Danish side. That is, how many live in either the Capital Region of Denmark or Region Zealand and working in Scania and vice versa. NUMBER OF COMMUTERS CROSSING ORESUND 25.000 FROM THE DANISH SIDE FROM THE SWEDISH SIDE 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: The Oresund databank Page 16
Business sector and specialization Workplaces by sector There are relatively large intraregional differences in the distribution of jobs across industries in Greater Copenhagen. However, in both the Capital and Zealand Regions of Denmark, and Scania County in Sweden, the highest number of employees is found within public administration, education and health and the second highest number of employees are found in the commerce and transport industry. The figure shows the share of employment classified by sector in 2012. DISTRIBUTION OF JOBS (PCT.) 35 THE CAPITAL REGION OF COPENHAGEN REGION ZEALAND SCANIA COUNTY 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Manufacturing, mining and supply businesses Building and construction Commerce and transport etc. Information and communications Financing and insurance Real Estate and rental Business Service Public administration, education and health Culture, leisure and other services The number of jobs is defined as the number of employed workers, self-employed or assisting spouses, who during the reference period in exchange of a form of payment - has worked at least one hour a week. Unknown industries are not included. Source: The Oresund databank Page 17
Education Universities and students There are 17 universities and colleges in Greater Copenhagen, thirteen of which is located on the Danish side, and four on the Swedish side. Close to 190.000 students and 10.500 doctoral students studied in Greater Copenhagen in 2014. The figure shows the number of students enrolled at the various universities and colleges in Greater Copenhagen. Students Doctoral students Students Doctoral students THE DANISH PART 117.060 6.480 COPENHAGEN UNIVERSITY 40.000 ROSKILDE UNIVERSITY 8.000 TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK 10.000 COPENHAGEN BUSINESS SCHOOL 17.000 IT UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 2.000 THE SWEDISH PART 71.700 4.100 LUND UNIVERSITY 30.000 MALMÖ UNIVERSITY 24.400 KRISTIANSTAD UNIVERSITY SWEDEN 13.500 SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 3.800 GREATER COPENHAGEN IN TOTAL 188.760 10.580 AALBORG UNIVERSITY COPENHAGEN 4.000 AARHUS UNIVERSITET DPU 2.500 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK SLAGELSE 2.200 DANISH SCHOOL OF MEDIA AND JOURNALISM (CAMPUS CPH) 360 THE ROYAL DANISH ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS 2.000 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CAPITAL 10.500 METROPOL 10.500 UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SJÆLLAND 8.000 The number of students has been rounded to the nearest 100-numbers. Data regarding Danish universities are from 1 October 2014, while the data for Scania county universities are from 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively. Source: Statistics Denmark, Danish Ministry of Education, Aalborg University, Aarhus University, Lund University, Malmö University, Kristianstad University Sweden and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Page 18
DANMARKS OFFICIELLE MILJØMÆRKER Copenhagen Municipality Finance Administration City Hall Rådhuspladsen 1 1599 København V cbu@okf.kk.dk greatercph.com