September 2015
Contents Introduction........................ 2 Air Cadet & Officer Ranks............. 3 Responsibilities of a Follower.......... 4 Paying Compliments................. 4 Teams & Activities................... 5 Summer Courses.................... 6 Drill at the Halt...................... 7 Drill on the March................... 11 Uniform Guide...................... 15 Positive Social Relations for Youth...... 19 Identification & Squadron Contacts..... 20 This manual was compiled by 2Lt Fred Sandoval for 180 Mosquito Squadron (Sep 2013) Safety & Fire Orders Any cadets who see anything unsafe should immediately report the situation to a NCO or officer. In the event of a fire, yell "Fire, Fire, Fire!" and pull the nearest fire alarm. Upon hearing the fire alarm, all cadets and staff must quickly and calmly go out to the schoolyard, form up on the basketball court, and await further instructions. Fire Evacuation Point 1
Welcome to 180 Mosquito Squadron! The Royal Canadian Air Cadet program started in 1941 to train young men for entry into the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War 2. 180 Mosquito Squadron was formed on October 30th, 1942, and has been a major cadet unit in Toronto ever since. The Squadron is named after the De Havilland DH 98 Mosquito. A very successful fighter-bomber airplane used by Canada and other commonwealth forces during World War 2. The plane was unique in that it was made of wood, and was affectionately called the Mossie and the Wooden Wonder. Today, the Air Cadets is operated jointly by the Canadian Armed Forces and the Air Cadet League of Canada, a civilian non-profit organization. 180 Squadron s civilian sponsor is the North Toronto Sponsoring Committee. Air Cadet Motto Aims of the Air Cadet Program To learn - To serve - To advance Crest To develop in youth the attributes of good citizenship and leadership To promote physical fitness To stimulate the interest of youth in the air activities of the Canadian Armed Forces 2
Air Cadet & Officer Ranks Air Cadets Air Force Officers Air Cadet (Cdt) Leading Air Cadet (LAC) Corporal (Cpl) Officer Cadet (OCdt) Second Lieutenant (2Lt) Flight Corporal (FCpl) Lieutenant (Lt) Sergeant (Sgt) Captain (Capt) Flight Sergeant (FSgt) Major (Maj) Warrant Officer Second Class (WO2) Lieutenant-Colonel (LCol) Warrant Officer First Class (WO1) Colonel (Col) Brigadier General (BGen) Major General (MGen) Lieutenant General (BGen) General (Gen) 3
Responsibilities of a Follower A big part of being an air cadet is learning to be a leader. But before one can be a good leader, they must learn to be a good follower and work well in a team. The following are key responsibilities expected from cadets: Respect the leader and other team members Cooperate with others Admit mistakes and learn from experience Accept constructive criticism Assume responsibility Be honest Accept other team members for who they are Know the job and be prepared Communicate clearly with others Paying Compliments Air cadets follow many military traditions. Showing respect and paying appropriate compliments are an important practice, as it shows that one recognizes important people and symbols. NCOs & OCdts When talking to or being talked to by a Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO, Sgts and up) or an Officer Cadet (OCdt), cadets must stand at the position of attention. As well, they always address the NCO by their rank (Sgts and FSgts) or as Sir/Ma'am (WOs and OCdts). When the cadet is done talking, they dismiss themselves by doing a right turn and marching off. Commissioned Officers Commissioned officers (2Lt and up) are treated the same way as above, however, they are saluted after coming to attention, and before dismissing. Inside a Building Salutes are not normally given inside buildings, except during parades, ceremonial occasions, when entering or leaving an offices, or when otherwise designated. Cadets should politely greet officers in common areas. When entering a classroom or office, cadets should come to attention, salute if a commissioned officer is present, and ask permission to enter. Other Occasions It is appropriate for cadets to salute on other occasions: When the Canadian or another foreign national anthem is played When recognizing a commissioned officer who is not in uniform When the national flag of Canada is being lowered or raised When boarding or disembarking any of Her Majesty s Canadian ships or those of a foreign service, cadets must pay compliments to the quarterdeck 4
Teams & Activities 180 is a very active squadron. Cadets will benefit and have fun in taking part in extra teams & activities. Here are some of the teams, courses, trips, and events... Teams & Courses Band Drill Teams Pilot Ground School Sports Nights Trips & Events Borden Trips Canoe Weekend Gliding Days March Break Trip Survival Weekend Winter Weekend 5
Summer Courses Summer courses are held at various places during July and August. The most common locations are at Canadian Forces Bases Borden and Trenton. Cadets can sign up for the various courses, and selections are done starting in April, based on cadet's rank, attendance, and participation. First year cadets must join prior to December to be eligible for a following summer course. They can chose either General Training, or Basic Drill & Ceremonial, depending on their age by the end of the course. Below is a chart of all the available summer courses... Year 1 Years 2 & 3 Years 3 & 4 Years 4+ General Training 2 weeks Cadets aged 12-14 Basic Drill & Ceremonial 3 weeks Cadets aged 15+ Basic Aviation Basic Aviation Technology & Aerospace Basic Drill & Ceremonial Basic Fitness & Sports Basic Musician Advanced Aviation 3 weeks Intermediate/Advanced Musician Air Rifle Marksmanship Instructor Drill & Ceremonial Instructor Fitness & Sports Instructor International Air Cadet Exchange 3 weeks Power Pilot Scholarship 7 weeks Staff Cadet 7 weeks Basic Survival Survival Instructor All of the above are 3 weeks Advanced Aerospace Aircraft Maintenance Airport Operations Glider Pilot Scholarship All of the above are 6 weeks, except as noted 6
Drill at the Halt Air Cadet foot drill is used to manage groups of cadets, move them efficiently from point to point, and to instill discipline. All movements should be done quickly and sharply. Verbal timings for most movements at the halt involve saying "one" during the movement, and "two, three" during a standard pause. This is done at 120 beats per minute. For example, a turn would be "one, two, three, one". The information here is taken from the CAF Manual of Drill and Ceremonial. Some commands and timings may differ from those used at 180 Sqn, summer courses, and other units. Forming Up Cadets are ordered to form up when beginning training. On the command FORM UP IN SINGLE/TWO/THREE RANK(S) MOVE, all cadets will: Stand at attention Observe the standard pause March forward towards the instructor The first cadet approaching the instructor will halt three paces directly in front, and the remainder will come to attention arms-length to the left and/or one pace behind the first cadet Position of Attention This position means that something important is happening or about to happen, and cadets should be alert. In this position: Heels are together and in line Feet turned out to form a 30-degree angle Body is straight and standing tall Arms are straight with hands in a fist Head is up, with eyes looking to the front Attention from Stand at Ease On the command ATTEN TION, bend the left knee and bring the left leg up then down so heels are together. At the same time, move the arms quickly to the side. Position of Stand at Ease This position allows no relaxation, but can be maintained without strain for a longer time than the position of attention. Stand at Ease from Attention On the command STAND AT EASE, bend the left knee and bring the left leg up then down to the left, so heels are 25 cm apart. At the same time, bring the arms back, so they are straight behind the body, right hand in the palm of the left, with thumbs crossed, and fingers straight. Stand at Ease from Stand Easy On the cautionary command SQUAD, move the arms back to the position of stand at ease. 7
Position of Stand Easy This position allows cadets to relax in formation. They can move their upper body and adjust clothing, but not their feet. Talking is not permitted unless authorized. Stand Easy from Stand at Ease On the command STAND EASY, arms come to the side, as in the position of attention. After a standard pause, cadets can relax. Carrying of Articles If any one article is carried, such as a bag or parka, it must be carried in the left arm or hand. If an article is carried when marching, the left arm is not swung. At the halt, the free arm should be at the side as for the position of attention (even if standing at ease). Saluting Salutes are given to pay compliments to commissioned officers, or at other occasions as appropriate. Saluting at the Halt On the command TO THE FRONT/RIGHT/LEFT SALUTE: Bring the right arm up in the shortest and quickest way, the upper arm is parallel to the ground, the hand is open, in line with the arm, palm down, and with all fingers straight and together, the second finger is in line with the right eyebrow, and the head is forward, or turned to the right or left as ordered A standard pause is observed The hand is brought down and the head moved forward, to the position of attention 8
Turning Turns are done to change the direction of the cadet or flight. Turns are normally preceded by the words MOVE TO THE LEFT/RIGHT, or ADVANCE/RETIRE to indicate what direction the turn will be. Turns at the Halt On the command LEFT/RIGHT/ABOUT TURN: Turn left 90 degrees, or right 90 or 180 degrees, as ordered, by pivoting on the heel of the inside foot, and ball of the outer foot Observe a standard pause Bring the outer foot up and then down, to the position of attention On the command LEFT/RIGHT IN CLINE, the movements are the same as above, but the turn is only 45 degrees. Close Paces Close paces are used to move sideways, to a maximum of eight paces. On the command ONE/TWO/etc PACE(S) RIGHT/LEFT CLOSE MARCH: Sidestep in the ordered direction, by bringing the legs up and down quickly, moving 25 cm to the side Observe a quick pause between each step Come to attention at the required step Timing is as follows: For one pace: one-one For two paces: one-one, pause, one-two For three paces: one-one, pause, one-two, pause, onethree Etc... Proving Roll Call On the command ATTEN TION, ANSWER TO YOUR NAME, STAND AT EASE, each cadet must come to attention when their name is called, answer as follows, then go back to standing at ease: Sir or Ma am if the person calling the roll is an officer or warrant officer Flight Sergeant, Sergeant, Flight Corporal or Corporal when the roll is called by a cadet holding these ranks Present if the person calling the roll is below the rank of Corporal If the roll call is supervised by a person senior in rank to the person calling the roll, each cadet must answer to their name with the correct response for the rank of the supervisor Paces Forward and to the Rear Proving is used to identify a cadet when called, or if a cadet has a question or answer if a general request is made by the flight commander. On the command NUMBERS _, _, _ PROVE, the cadets designated raise their left forearm parallel to the ground, keeping their left elbow close to the body and the hand closed as in the position of attention. On the command ATTEN TION, the cadets who proved adopt the position of attention. 9 Paces forward or to the rear may be called to adjust the flight's position. A maximum of three paces can be done. On the command ONE/TWO/THREE PACE(S) FORWARD/STEP BACK MARCH, cadets will take one, two, or three half pace(s) (35 cm) forward or back, starting with the left foot, coming to attention on the appropriate pace. Arms are not swung. Timings are: For one pace: one-two For two paces: one, one-two For three paces: one, one, one-two
Right Dress Dressing is done to align all the cadets to each other, side by side and front to back. On the command RIGHT DRESS, the following movements are done, with standard pauses inbetween: The right-hand cadet in the front rank stands still, and all other cadets take a half pace forward All the cadets, except those in the right file, turn their head and eyes to the right, while the front rank, except the right-hand cadet, bring their right arms up, parallel to the ground, hand in a fist All the cadets move quickly, taking small steps, to align exactly beside and behind each other, while the front rank moves so their fists are in the shoulder of the person beside them On the command EYES FRONT, all cadets turn their heads and eyes quickly to the front. If a LEFT DRESS is called, the same drill is followed, except the movements are all mirrored to the left, instead of the right. If the command is preceded by the words SHOULDER DRESSING, then arms are not raised, and cadets line up shoulder to shoulder. If the command is preceded by the words ELBOW DRESSING, then cadets bring their right hand to their hip and fingers straight, instead of their arm up, and move so their elbow is touching the arm of the cadet beside them. Open and Close Order March These movements are done to increase the space between ranks, usually to allow uniform inspections. On the command OPEN ORDER MARCH: The front rank takes three half paces forward The rear rank take three half paces back No arms are swung The timing is: "one, one, one-two" When formed in two ranks, the front rank stands still, and the rear rank steps back three half paces. On the command CLOSE ORDER MARCH, the squad shall reverse the process above. Dismissal Dismissing cadets usually means the end of a parade or period of instruction. On the command DIS MISS, cadets will do the following movements, with standard pauses in-between: Do a right turn Salute if an officer is on parade March off independently, in quick time Falling In and Out Cadets may be told to fall out or fall in to a flight for various reasons. On the command FALL OUT, the cadet ordered must come to attention, wait a standard pause, quick march, immediately wheel to the right, then proceed as designated once past the flight. On the command FALL IN, the cadet ordered marches to the left of the flight, and returns to their position by marching in rear of the rank, wheeling into their original position and halting. 10
Drill on the March Marching in Quick Time When marching, the following should be done: March at 120 beats per minute Take 75 cm paces Keep the body straight and head up Arms are kept straight, and swung waist-high Maintain a pace behind the person in front Keep in line with the surrounding cadets Marching from the Halt On the command QUICK MARCH: Cadets step off with their left foot The first pace is a half pace (35 cm) Arms are swung Timing: left, right, left The command is normally preceded with "BY THE LEFT/RIGHT" to indicate which side cadets are to be in line with. If the command STEP OUT or STEP SHORT is given, then the pace length is increased 10 cm, or decreased 20 cm respectively. The command QUICK MARCH is used to go back to the normal pace length. If the command MARCH AT EASE is given, then the upper body can be relaxed (usually for long marches). The command MARCH AT ATTEN TION is given to go back to normal marching. Halting The halt is given when the left foot is down. On the command SQUAD HALT: A pace is taken with the right foot A half pace is then taken with the left foot The right foot is bent and comes to attention, while the arms are brought quickly to the sides. Timing: one, one-two Marking Time Marking time is used to stop the forward motion of marching, but keep a 120 beat per minute cadence. Mark Time from the March On the command MARK TIME, given when the right foot is on the ground: Take a half pace with the left foot Bring the right foot in beside the left foot, without scraping the ground, while bringing the arms to attention Bend the left knee up 11
Continue bringing each leg down and up, touching the ground first with the toes, and keeping the body straight Timing: "Left, in, left, right, left" To start marking time from the halt, the command is QUICK MARK TIME. On the command FOR WARD, given as the left foot is on the ground, the cadet will straighten the right leg, assume the position of attention, then shoot the left foot forward in a half pace and continue marching. Halting The halt is given when the left foot is down. On the command SQUAD HALT: Cadets will take a further mark time pace with the right foot Then take a mark time pace with the left foot When the right foot comes down again, the cadet stats at attention Timing: one, one-two Wheeling Wheels are used to change the direction of march by making 90 degree turns. The radius of the turn is 1.25 m. On the command RIGHT/LEFT WHEEL, the inner cadets step short and the outer cadets step out. Each file stays in line, and cadets stay aligned to the cadet on the inside of the wheel If the wheel is to be less than 90 degrees, the command FOR WARD is ordered when the leading file is facing the required direction. 12
Changing Step Changing step is used either by an individual cadet to correct their step, or ordered by the commander to change the step of the group. Change Step on the March: On the command CHANGE STEP, given on the right foot: Take a half pace with the left foot Quickly raise the right foot and bring it down, while bringing arms to the side Quickly start marching again with the left foot The timing is a very quick: left, right, left Change step when Marking Time On the command CHANGE STEP, given as the right foot is on the ground, cadets take two successive mark time paces with the left foot and continue marking time. The timing is: left, left-right Saluting on the March Saluting is used to pay compliments either as an individual or when commanded to in a group. Salute on the March On the command TO THE RIGHT/LEFT SALUTE, given on the left foot: Take a pace with the right foot On the next left foot, the right arm comes up to the salute, the head is turned in the direction ordered, and the left arm stays at the side as in attention Four more paces are taken On the last right foot, the salute is brought down On the following left foot, the arms start swinging Timing is: "Check, up, two, three, four, five, down, swing" Paying Compliments When passing certain people, a flight may be ordered to look to the right or left. Eyes Left/Right on the command EYES RIGHT/LEFT, given on the left foot: Take a pace with the right foot Take another pace with the left foot, and turn the head and eyes to the right or left as ordered. The leading cadet keeps their head and eye forward Timing: "Check, over" On the command EYES FRONT, given on the left foot, the movement is the same as above, but the head and eyes are turn to the front. 13
Turning on the March Turns on the march are used to change the direction and formation of a flight. They can be used to turn in any direction. Turns are normally preceded by the words MOVE TO THE LEFT/RIGHT, or ADVANCE/RETIRE to indicate what direction the turn will be. Left Turn On the command LEFT TURN, given on the right foot: Take a half pace with the left foot Push into the turn with the right foot, bring it down to attention once turned 90 degrees, and bring the arms to the side Step off with the left foot and resume marching Timing: "Check, pivot, left, right, left" Right Turn On the command RIGHT TURN, given on the left foot: Take a half pace with the right foot Push into the turn with the left foot, bring it down to attention once turned 90 degrees, and bring the arms to the side Step off with the left foot and resume marching Timing: "Check, pivot, right, left, right" On the command LEFT/RIGHT IN CLINE, the movements are the same as above, but the turn is only 45 degrees. About Turn On the command ABOUT TURN, given on the right foot: Take a half pace with the left foot Bring the right foot in beside the left foot, and bring the arms in as in the position of attention Pivot 90 degrees to the right on the ball of the right foot, bringing the left foot up and down Again pivot 90 degrees to the right on the ball of the left foot, bringing the right foot up and down Step off with the left foot and resume marching Timing is: "Left, in, left, right, left" 14
Uniform Guide Cadets are normally issued uniforms within two months of joining. Until then, a white dress shirt, black pants, and black shoes should be worn. Cadets are reminded to act appropriately at all times when wearing the uniform, as it identifies them as a member of a highly disciplined and respectable youth group in Canada. The uniform is a loan, and is property of 180 Sqn. Cadets must return their full uniforms when leaving the Sqn. Cadets may also have to pay for lost or damaged uniform parts (beyond reasonable wear). After the initial issue, cadets can contact the supply officer if an exchange is needed for any worn out or outgrown uniform parts. Grooming & Hygiene Cadets are expected to maintain good hygiene levels at all times, whether in or out of uniform. Showers must be taken the day of cadet activities, and every day during multi-day cadet activities (unless shower facilities are not available). Cadets must be clean-shaven (moustaches are allowed), and hair must not be dyed an unnatural or multiple colours. Cadets must not wear any unnecessary jewelry. Conservative items of a personal nature may be allowed. A single silver or gold stud earning may be worn centred in one or both earlobes. Any make-up should be conservative. Glasses and sunglasses must be conservative in style. Eyes must be able to be seen through sunglasses, and they are worn only in sunny conditions when not on parade Male Hairstyle Hair is to be cut so it is not touching the ears or collar, and sideburns cannot go past the middle of the ears. Hair at the back and sides should be taper-trimmed (also known as natural, or faded towards the collar). Hair at the top of the head must not be more than 4 cm in bulk. Female Long Hairstyle Hair is to be kept in a bun, with a hairnet (matching the hair colour) used to contain the bun. Hair is to be gelled so any loose hair is matted down and around the ear. Female Short Hairstyle Hair must not extend past the collar. Hair is not to be overly frizzy or bulky, and must be worn around and behind the ears, using gel as necessary 15
Issued Uniform Parts Wedge Shirt Slip-Ons (pair) Tie Tunic (with Tunic Belt) Shoulder Flashes (pair) Nametag (will be ordered) Pants Needed Supplies Belt Boots Socks Parka (with removable inner Fleece) Iron & Ironing board Ironing cloth Starch Kiwi black shoe polish Kiwi shoe shining cloth Lint brush or roller 16
Wedge The wedge must be kept clean and lint-free, and is not to be ironed or starched. It should be dry-cleaned if dirty. The wedge is worn on the head tilted slightly to the right, with the front of the wedge two fingers above the top of the nose. Shirt The shirt must be kept clean, lint-free, flat-pressed, and should be washed after use. Creases are ironed into the arms, centred with the epaulette, and running the length of the sleeve. Slip-ons are to be worn at all times, except on summer courses, or if being worn on the parka. In Summer Dress (no tunic), the nametag is to be worn as it is on the tunic, no tie is worn, and the top button is kept undone. Tie The tie must be kept clean and lint-free, and is not to be ironed. It can be machine-washed if necessary. The tie is worn centred, and in a Double-Windsor knot, as per the diagram. The tie length should be to the pants belt buckle. 1 2 3 Tunic 4 5 6 The tunic must be kept clean and lint-free, should be machine-washed when necessary, and must be fully flat-pressed with no creases. Starching is required after washing, and pocket flaps, epaulettes, and the collar must be starched, so as to remain flat when worn. When starching, fully soak the underside of the area to be starched, let completely dry overnight, and then flat-press using an ironing cloth, so as not to burn the starch. When worn, the tunic length should not exceed the bottom of the pants fly. The top button is always kept open, and the tunic belt is worn so extra material goes to the left, and only extends past the first loop. Shoulder flashes are to be sewn on using white thread, 2 cm from the shoulder seem, and parallel to the ground when standing at attention. All other badges are to be sewn on using navy blue thread. When sewing, make small stitches by going out through the tunic, and in through the badge. 17
Ranks badges are positioned midway on the upper arm, exactly halfway between the shoulder seem and the bottom elbow if in the proving position. The level badge is worn centred on the left cuff, and summer course badges are worn centred on the right cuff. The nametag is worn centred directly over right breast-pocket. Pants Pants must be kept clean, lint-free, fully flat-pressed, and are machinewashed when necessary. Creases are to be ironed on front and back of each pant leg. Rear creases meet at the top of pants at the centre belt loop. Front creases go up to the inner side of front belt loops. When standing up straight, the pant length should be at the first boot-lace, and never above the third boot-lace. Pants can be hemmed and adjusted if necessary. Belt The belt must be kept clean with no fraying of the black nylon. The brass buckle should be clean and scratch-free, and, when worn, is to be adjusted so the brass tip is immediately to the left of brass buckle, with no black nylon showing between the two ( brass on brass ). Socks The issued grey socks are to be worn at all times in uniform. If itchy, a thinner pair of socks can be worn underneath the grey ones. Boots The boots must be laced with the ladder-lace method pictured, and must be polished with Kiwi black shoe polish and a kiwi cloth. All the outside leather on boot should be polished. If they are dirty, boots must be washed prior to polishing. When polishing new boots, more polish and coats will be required at first to build up a base coat. When polishing, the Kiwi cloth should be wrapped around a finger, dabbed in water to moisten (but not dripping), and a small amount of polish applied. Use a circular motion with your finger. Parka The parka must be kept clean and lint-free. The inner parka (fleece) can be machine-washed if necessary. The outer parka (wind-breaker) should be hand-washed. The Inner and outer parka can be worn together or separate as necessary for the weather conditions, or as ordered. When worn, the zipper and buttons are either done all the way up, or lined up with chest seam. Rank slip-ons are to be worn at all times. 18
Positive Social Relations for Youth The PSRY program is designed to minimize conflicts between members of the cadet program. Cadets should know their rights and responsibilities, how to manage conflict, and where to go for help if a problem occurs. 19
Identification Name Phone E-Mail Squadron Staff Squadron Contacts Commanding Officer Squadron Warrant Officer Recruiting Officer Supply Officer co@180mosquito.ca swo@180mosquito.ca recruiting@180mosquito.ca supply@180mosquito.ca Recruit Flight NCOs Flight Commander Phone E-Mail @180mosquito.ca @180mosquito.ca @180mosquito.ca @180mosquito.ca @180mosquito.ca @180mosquito.ca Sqn Cell Phone: 416-890-1964 20 Sqn Website: www.180mosquito.ca