Oceans : The Blue Planet
Pre-Flood World 2
Pre-Flood World 3
Today s World 4
How do Salt and other minerals enter the oceans and build up?! Evaporation only takes the water molecules, and leaves behind the minerals. <Example of some minerals in ocean water.
I. Composition of Seawater A. The oceans cover 71% of the earth s surface. Represent over 97% of the earth s water. B. Ocean water is a combination of water, dissolved minerals and dissolved gasses. 1. Dissolved minerals in the oceans a. Salt, magnesium, phosphorous, tin and gold. b. Contains 55 different elements. 2. Minerals enter the oceans from rivers and streams that flush minerals into the oceans. a. If the oceans were millions of years old, the mineral concentration (salt especially) in the oceans should be much higher. Current concentration shows oceans to be only thousands of years old. b. Living organisms and seafloor settling are 2 ways that minerals leave the ocean water. 6
3. Fresh water is another resource obtained from ocean water. a. Common in places where fresh water is scarce. b. Called Desalination, involves heating the ocean water to steam and then recollecting the steam as fresh water. The minerals stay behind. c. Requires a lot of energy to heat the water to the point of steam. This will eventually be more common as fresh water supplies become scarcer.! 4. The ocean also contains dissolved nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gasses. 7
A. Tides 1. Caused by 3 things a. Pull of gravity from the moonmain force b. Pull of gravity from the suncauses exceptionally high/low tides. c. Centrifugal force of earth and moon (spinning force) 2. A bulge in water is called High Tide. The bulges occur on opposite sides of the earth. In between bulges, Low Tide occurs. 3. A high tide occurs every 12 hours and 25 minutes.(due to the moon s movement in its orbit.) 8
Spring Tides- Causes exceptionally high tides. Neap Tide- Causes tides to be lower than normal.
WAVES
B. Waves Ocean waves are caused by wind moving across the surface of the water. The friction between the air molecules and the water molecules causes energy to be transferred from the wind to the water. This causes waves to form.! In science, a wave is defined as a transfer of energy. Ocean waves are called mechanical waves because they travel through a medium. The medium in this case is water. The water doesn't actually travel with the wave, but only moves up and down. It's the energy that travels with the wave. 13
14
Breaker 15
16
B. Ocean currents 1. Surface currents a. Also caused by winds and the rotation of the earth. Currents flow clockwise in the N. Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the S. Hemisphere. b. They move warm and cold water great distances from there source. c. Affect the weather due to ocean water temperature. i. Warm currents tend to bring warm, moist weather. Examples include warm, wet, England and Western Canada due to warmer currents flowing in to them. ii. Cold currents bring dryer weather (cold air can t hold as much water). Examples include dry, Baja California and Chile (Atacama Desert). 19
http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/atlantic/atlantic.html
2. Sub-surface current a. Density currents i. Based on salty and less salty water. Salty water sinks and less salty water floats. This happens in the Mediterranean Sea as its salty water flows under the surface as the less salty water from the Atlantic flows in on the surface. ii. Cold water sinks and warm water rises. This causes water from the poles to move under the surface towards the equator. 21
198-15Maio.oceanCurents ol lheworld Arctit Circle./;fiu"in",/ / Jaoan 1c";i --!:.L califomia\ Ocean Current \ Tnryicof Cantet -----1- I.^ Atlanti / -:u't ocean n-.quot9y1 warmcunents coolcurrents *-"i changedirection f---':r*ndeserts lqlk 11t:11" -TI> 4;\ normalseawater normalseawater Mediterranean Medirerranean Sea sea -\ #"'#ti:#=--=a density current mixes the Ailantic ocean and Mediterranean sea. 22
Oceans Jesus replied, "You of little faith, why are you so afraid?" Then he got up and rebuked the winds and the waves, and it was completely calm. Matthew 8:26 23