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ATL-TR-65-9 LIDIJTED RANGE TEST OF THE M16 R-FLE WITH EIGHT TYPES OF RIFLE AND HLAND GRENADES by Dewey E. Calfee II C13, January 1965 U Directorate of Armament Development Tet 4, Research and Technology Division Air Force Systems Command Eg lin Air Force Base, Florida
LfIITED RANGE TEST OF THE 16 RIFLE WITH EIGHT TYPES OF RIFLE AND HAND GRENADES by Dewey E. Calfee
FOREWORD Detachment!I, Research and Technology Division, directed and monitored this test of the MI16 rifle using standard Army-type rifle and hand grenades during October 1964. Manuscript was released December ±96i. While the test was arranged and monitored by Det 4, RTD personnel, the actual firings were accomplished and range test equipment was installed by personnel of the Small Arnus Marksmanship Training Unit, 44A,)Oth Combat Support Group, Special Air Warfare Center (TAO), Eglin AFB, Florida. Engineering Services Project No. report. 912A-OOOO-9'(2O5 applies to this This technical report has been reviewed and is approved. Sý &/]Aýlrs E. WOOD Major, USAF Chief, Ballistics Division ii
ABSTRACT Range tables have been constructed for eignt Army-type rifle and hand grenades fired from the M16 rifle. The range and time of flight were measured for launch elevation angles of 50 to 450. Final range data are the result of averaging the individual data points and compensating for wind effects. Tables are presented for the following grenades: MH2 Hand Grenade with MIA2 Adapter, M30 Hand Grenade with MIA2 Adapter, M31 Rifle Grenade, n354 Hand Grenade with MlA2 Adapter, M22A2 Rifle Grenade, M25 Rifle Grenade, M247 Rifle Grenade, mid the M7A1 CN Hand Grenade with M2AI Adapter. No breakage of component parts of the guns or gun stocks occurred during the tests. iii
CONTENTS Section Page I INTRODUCTION... I IT TEST SET-UP... 2 III TEST PROCEDURES AND RESULTS... 5 Table TABLES IA. M25 Rifle Grenade (Smoke Streamer)... 5 IB. M21 Hand Grenade with MlA2 Adapter (Practice Fragmentation)... 6 IC. M30 Hand Grenade with MIA2 Adapter (Practice Fragmentation)... 7 ID. M22A2 Rifle Grenade (Smoke lm-i ct)... 8 IE. M31 Rifle Grenade (HEAT)... 9 IF. M27 Rifle Grenade (Illuminating)... 10 T1. M34 Haod Grenade with MlX2 Adapter (White Phosphorous)....1 IH. MThI ON Hand Grenade with M2A1 Adapter (Tear Gas)... 12 IIA. M34 Hand Grenade with MIA2 Adapter (W4hite Phosphorous)... 13 TIB. HF(Al CN ]land Grenade with M2AI Adapter (Tear Gas)... 13 IIG. M27 Rifle Grenade (Illuminating)... 14 IID. M22A2 Rifle Grenade (Smoke, Impact)... 14 lie. M51 Rifle Greaade (HEAT)... 15 IIP. M26 Hand Grepade with MlA2 Adapter (Fragmentation) 15 IIG. MAJ. RMifle Grenade (MiLe Phusphorous) at 45*!ievat ion......... 16 ITT. Raaý;e Tables for Eight Grenades Using the M16 Rifle... 17
SECTION I INTRODUCTION The ultimate purpose of the test discussed in this report was to establish range tables for the M16 rifle using standard Army-type hand and rifle grenades. The following discussion describes the manner in which test data were obtained, analyzed, and correlated to construct a table of range and time-of-flight at different launch elevation angles for several types of grenades. The cumpalibility of the M16 rifle with various Army-type grenades presently used with the M14 and Ml rifle was established during the tests conducted by OOAMA (OOYEC) at Hill AFB, Utah. During the Hill AFB tests, range data were obtained for elevation angles of 30* and 45'. The test at Eglin AFB provided range data at lower elevation angles. 1
SECTION II TEST SET-UP Firings were conducted at the Eglin AFB Auxiliary Field No. 9 ammunition disposal area. Using a transit, a straight line of fire vas established along which markers were placed at intervals of 50 ft. The rifle was firmly mrplaced with two stacks of sand bags; the hand guard rested on the front stack of bags and the butt plate was placed tightly against the rear stack. The bags were situated so as to obtain the desired rifle elevation angle. The elevation angle was measured by means of an inclinometer placed inside the, rifle muzzle. The rifle azimuth was checked by means of a plumb which was extended from the rifle to the line of fire marked on the ground. The rifle was held firmly in place and the elevation angle double-checked for each firing. The range to impact was measured with a steel tape. Measurements were made both in the direction of fire and laterally to each side of the line of fire. The time of flight for each grenade was measured with Rton watahes: Wind direction and magnitude were determined with a portable anemometer. 2
SECTION III TEST PROCEDURES AND RESULTS For all except the M34 WP hand grenade, the ground range to impact was measured directly with the steel tape. For the M21 and M30 practice hand grenades launched at high elevation angles, the flight time exceeded the fuze time, causing air bursts. For these grenades the impact angle was assumed equal to the launch angle. From an estimate of the height of the grenades at airburst and with the assumed impact angle, the increment in range from airburst to impact was computed. This distance was subtracted from the measured impact distance to obtain the range to airburst without wind direction. For the M34 WP grenade, the range beneath the airbursts was clearly indicated by an area of burned phosphorous. The M21 practice grenades air-burst zero to 20 ft high at 350 elevation and approximately 45 ft high at 450 elevation. The M50 practice grenade airburst zero to 50 ft high at 350 elevation and approximately 75 ft high at 450 elevation. The M34 WP hand grenade air-burst zero to approximately 15 ft high at 350 and 45' elevation. A minimum of five rounds of each type of grenade was fired at elevation angle of 5*, 15', 25', 35', and 450, with the exception of the M22 rifle grenade wlhh wnpa nnt fired at 159 and the M43 WP hand grenade which was not fired at elevation angles below 25%. An average was made of the range and the time of flight at each elevation angle. For most of the grenades fired, the deviation in range did not exceed 10% of the average range. The increment in range due to wind drift was determined by multiplying the approximate wind velocity by the average time of flight. This increment was then added or subtracted from the average measured range to obtain the range shown in Table III. The M34 WP grenade was not fired at angles below 250 due to the potential hazard to the firing personnel without protective cover. The ranges shown in the enclosed range table were computed theoretically for angles up to 25ý, and then correlated with the measured data. Table I shows the raw data as measured at the Eglin AFR test site. Table II presents a similar set of data obtained during the Hill APB tests. No wind data are available for the Hill AFB test. Table III presents the final correlated range data. It is noted that detonation did not occur for any of the MF51 HEAT grenades. At an elevation angle of 45* the grenades impacted at approximately 45O and buried approximately half the grenade length into damp, )
firm sand. At the very low angles the grenades slid along the ground, coming to rest at a range much larger than the impact ranges shown in Tables I and III. Examination of the data obtained by Hill AFB personnel indicated that no consistent variation in range was obtained when five different rifles were used during the test. Therefore, at the Eglin AFB tests, au attempt was made to identify a particular rifle with a series of firings. A total of 191 grenades were fired during the tests at Eglin APB. No breakage of component parts of the guns or gun stocks occurred. Although no consideration was given to the effect of rifle and cartridge temperature on grenade range, these effects might be of sufficient importance to warrant investigation.
TABLE IA. M25 RIFLE GRENADE (SMOKE STREAMER)f Grenade Elevation Angle (deg) No. 5 15 25 35 45 Range 159 394 474 585 632 1 Time 1.8 5.0 4.5 5.9 6.9 Deflection IR 25R 2OR 12L 6L Range 174 389 500 611 638 2 Time 1.4 2.9 4.5 6.0 6.9 Deflection ir 25R 0 18L 24L Range 203 567 527 640 621 3 Time 1.5 2.4 4.1 6.1 7.2 Deflection 4R 6L 4OR 24L 12L Range 249 379 517 645 627 4 Time 1.3 2.8 4.1 5.6 7.3 Deflection IL - 4L 9L 2L Range 198 350 575 630 565 S Time 1.2 2.5 4.1 5.8 7.2 Deflection 4R 8R 5L 23R 24L Range - 65 - - 6 Time - 2.5 - - - Deflection. Rauge 420 - - - Time 3.2 - -- Deflection - 138L J- -- *Negligible Wind Legend for Tables IA-IH? AB denotes approximately air burst height. GB denotes ground burst. L dvnotes deflection left of firing line. R denotes deflection right of firing line. All ranges and deflections measured in feet. Time is measured in seconds. 5
TABLE IB. M21 HAND GRENADE WITH MIA2 ADAPTER (PRACTICE FRAGMENTATION )t Elevation Angle (deg) Grenade 5 15 25 55 45 No. 1 Range 144 210 547 412 360 Time 1.2 2.7, 3.6 4.7 6.4 Deflection 0 0 0 O(AB20) O(AB45) Range.142 213 298 552 440 2 Time 1.2 2.5 3.6 4.5 6.3 Deflection 0 6R 5L 2L(GB) O(AB45) Range 142 233 311 350 421 3 Time 1.3 2.8 3.6 4.7 6.2 Deflection 0 0 3L o(ab 2) O(AB45) Range 138 236 309 346 404 4 Time 1.1 2.7 5.6 4.7 5.4 Deflection 0 0 5L O(CB) O(AB40) Range 145 213 315 379 594 5 T rne 1.2 2.5 3.8 4.7 5.8 Deflection 0 6R IOR O(AB5) O(AB50) *8-knot average headwind 6
TABLE IC. M30 HAND GRENADE WITH MIA2 ADAPTER (PRACTICE FRAGMENTATION )t Elevation Angle (deg) Grenade 5 15 25 35 45 No. Range 140 259 371 456 459. Time 1.3 2.8 4.5-5.8 Deflection 0 6R 6L 15R(AB20) 9R Range 136 245 383 427 492 2 Time 1.5 2.8 4.0-5.6 Deflection 0 3R 0 20R(AB50) 20L Range 140 274 565 412 465 3 Time 1.2 2.7 4.0-5.2 Deflection 0 4R 5R O(0B) 15R Time 1.4 2.8 -- Deflection 0 8R 16R i L(ABWu) 24R Range 128 285 386 432 520 Time 1.2 2.8 4.o - 5.1 Deflection 0 0 0 14R(AB20) 9R *8-knot average headwind
TABLE ID. M22A2 RIFLE GRENADE (SMOKE IMPACT)t Elevation Angle (deg) Grenade 5 15 [25 35 45 No. Range 152-4o09 497 537 1 Time i.i - 4.0 5.2 6.8 Deflection 2R - 9R 4k 6R Range 156-415 5231 546 2 Time 1.5-4.0 5.0 6.8 Deflection 2R1-1OR 6L 24R Range 161-438 546 546 3 Time 1.3-4.2 5.3 6.9 Deflection 0-7R IOR 32R Range 172-447 533 565 4 Time Deflection 1.2 2R - I+.2 9R 5e.i 2L U.) 20R Range - - 447 550 574 5 Time - - 4.2-6.5 Deflection - - I lk 0 Range - 462 - - 6 Time - Ž4. - - Deflection - - *Negligible Wind
TABLE IE. M31 RIFLE GRENADE (HEAT)t Elevation Angle (deg) Grenade 5 15 25 35 45 No. Range 148 288 465 605 615 I Time 1.4 2.7 4.2-6.7 Deflection 0 0 7L 0 5R Range 1471 308 467 613 625 2 Time 1.4 2.5-5.5 6.9 Deflection 2R 5L 6R IOL IOL Range 147 312 467 607 675 3 Time 1.4 2.6 4.4 5.8 7.1 Deflection 3R 3R 15L SR 20L Range 146 312 467 638 648 4 Time 1%2 P.9 4-P 5.9 6.9 nfil-petinn 0 0 5R 1,7L 17L Range 138 316 475 639 651 5 Time 1.4 2.8 4.3 5.8 7.0 Deflection 2L 4R 7L 13L IOL *5-knot average tailwind 9
TA3LE IF. M27 RIFLE GRENADE (ILLUMINATING)f Elevation Angle (deg) Grenada 5 15 25 35 45 No. Range 124 188 535 58.5 361 1 Time 1.1 1.9 3.8 4.9 6.6 Deflection ir 3R 7R 7R 0 Range 127 221 334 394 362 2 Time 1.2 2.7 5.8 4.8 5.8 Deflection IR IR 7R 6R 7R Range 128 227 345 409 418 3 Time 1.1 2.7 3.9 5.0 5.9 Deflection 2R 0 5R 51, 4R Range 131 230 345 400 42o 4 Time 1.1 2.7 3.6 5.0 5.5 Deflection 2R 3L 9R 12R 5R Range 229 256 348 418 426 5 Time 1.1 2.5 ).8 4.8 5.3 Deflection 2R 2R 6R 2L 5R *Negligible Wind i0
TABLE IG. (WHITE PHOSPHOROUS)f M34 HAND GRENADE WITH MlA2 ADAPTER Elevation Angle (deg) Grenade 5 25 5 45 No. Range - - 252 218 530 1 Time - - 3.5-4.6 Deflection - - 8 3R - Range - - 232 398 285 2 Time - - 3.5-4.6 Deflection - - 8L UL - Range - - 245 301 285 3 Time -- 2.5-4.9 Deflection - - 8L 5R - Range - -- 236 310 295 4 Time - 3.50 -- "' 4+- Deflection -- O 3R 5 *Negligible Wind Range -3 2-20 08 285 Time - - 3.2 5. 4 4.9 Deflection - - 0 IOR 11
TABLE IH. MTA1 CN HAND GRENADE WITH M2AI ADAPTER (TEAR GAS)V Elevation Angle (deg) Grenade 5 15 25 35 45 No. - Range 100 225 280 305 318 i Time 1.2 2.2 3.2 4.2 - Deflection 0 0 3R - - Range 100 225 274 525 520 2 Time 1.0 2.1 3.3 4.1 5 Deflection 0 0 2L 8R 0 Range 120 225 283 500 524 5 Time 1.6-5.3 4.2 5.1 Deflection 0 0 6L 8R 12R Range 70 220 255 500 516 4 Time - 2.1. 3.1 4.4 5.2 Deflection 0 0 0 13R O Range 98 250 502 282 515 5 Time 1.1 2.2 5.2 4.0 5.3 Deflection 0 0 2L 14R 0 Range - - 295 545-6 Time - - 5.1 4.1 - Deflection - - 0 - - Range - - 2140 270-7 Time -- - 35 3.9 - Deflection - - 6R 8R - S6-.knot average headwind 12
TABLE IIA. m34 HAND GRENADE WITH M1A2 ADAPTER (WHITE PHOSPHOROUS). [ Rifle Number Elevation Angle 1 2 4 5 054 300 2ý6 Air Burst )48 307 325 51.0 547 348 35 510 510 320 540 325 540 525 545 338 330 355 515 560 355-5300 525,520 34o - 325 "20 515 335 500-320 520 320 315-555 '15 1520 320-320 510 510 305 *Al1 entries in Tables IIA-G are ranges in feet unless otherwise indicated. TABLE' IIB. 7A1 ON IA D GRENADE WITIH NeAl ADAPTER (TEAR GAS). l<iile Number EL evation Angle 1 2 5T 4, 55-547 8 379 558 557 4o0 385 565 450 565 56o 55539o 5 6o 54o 575 15o 40o )4o 380 575 340 750 '118 545 51C 510 575 590.565 25 45 580 550 5o 55-40,i4o 540 ý4o 56c ýkl 555 45o 5T50 574,0 e 550 570 540 i3
TABLE 11C. M27 RIFLE GRENADE (ILLUMINATING). Rifle Number Elevation Angle 1 2 3 4 5 4oo 405 390 435 430 4oo 41o 4-7 425 425 450 4o8 415 415 420 425 410 443 415 412 423 595 )WI71 )10 406o 43.5 (G5 365 390 39, 405 585 )65 395 395 375 50 390 570 370 397 4Cc 110 380 400 407 300 415 380 40o0 41c 39o TABLE lid. M22A2 RIFLE GRENADE (SMOIE, IMPACT). I 1,Rifj.e Number 1l-levation Anl J [1 2 3 "1 5 1 ei 620 612 61c 560c 615 615 612 62C 615 450 6 _6 6cO 5m 6,0 6i0 C12 Gi 625 625 0Cr 6 o 625 63c 595 560 550 550 550 530 5 5q ý5 50 525 525 5 ' 5 555 530 52C 5-25 55 535 35j252G 530 5-515 1 5'c 51c.
TABLE lie. M31 RIFLE GRENADE (HEAT). Rifle Number Ei evation Angle 1 2 3 5 641 618 585 6oo 621 6,13 623 61o 60o 635 450 645 624 615 64o 650 650 626 618 645 625 653 630 630 625 620 455 450 46C 483 462 465 465 475 i193 485 50 465 468 480 495 485 473 i; 7 5 483 500 508 475 475 185 508 515 TABLE 11F. M26 1ANU GRENADE WITHHi ML2 ADAPTER (FRAGMENTATION). Rifle Number E].cvui:',n Angie 13 2 41 5 Approximate il~1aicout 450 450,5 450 14c0 Appro-ximate AirloIUSt. JIU-rp1LI -:uin-? 150 150 These lranges were ýlpproximatelv the same for 5 rounds fired from cach rifle. Exact data not available. 425 j400 )b 1415 470 44o 435 142c 42c 46o 50' 44c) h,0 1i 425 42c 445 15 5 i 45 45 1l5
TABLE 11G. M19Al RIFIE GRENADE (WHITE PHOSPHIOROUS) AT 450 ELEVATIONM Rifle N&tber 1 2 4 5 425 445 450 450 495 44o 450 445 445 4, 448 450 45, 455 470 45o 455 455 055 475 458 465 445 445 1475 ENo data for 30* elevation 16
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ATI,-TR-65-( 3 INITMIL DISTRIBUTION 1 Hq USAF (AFRTJDE) I Hq USAF (AFSPD-AF) 1 Hq USAF (AFORQ) 1 Hiq USAF (AFSSS-~CB', 2 liq USAF (AFPTR-TC', 1 AFSC (SCS-6) 1 AFSC (ScSAB) 1 AFIJC (MCSWI7) 1 RTD (RTWN) 1 ASI) (ASJ) 1 SAC (ICS.-11) 1 TAC 2 COANA (OOYE) O OAMA OOCYT) 1 WRANA (NosC) 1 AMC (PmSO-m16) -U SAl? Marksmanshiip School 2 TECOM 2 PACAF (PFM:1SS) 1 USMC Code (SY,7/1I) 1 MCS (MOLFDO) 1 Springfield Armory (SIESP-RL) 1 U.S. Infantry Board (stebg3-sa) i Fi'ankforcl Arsonal (SMUFA-5500) 1 Fraiikford Arsenal (SmomA' 1 US Armiy >lun-ition Commandc (AMSMU-RE.-EC) 2n,' Air Div 2 AF? Test L'niit 2 05Th/ARPA R&D Field Unit 2 13 AF 1 Colft Patent Fir~enrvs M,,f5. Co. 2'0 DD3 Eglin AMF, APOC A- PGTi 1 PGElf 1 PCOWC Det 4, 25 RT]D(ATRR - WX - I;~' _ (Yiu ad No.,B
UNCLASSIFIED Security Classification DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R&D (Security classflicution of title, body of abstract and indexing annotation muat be entered when the Overall report is clasaified) 1 ORIGINATIN G ACTIVITY (CorpoctesO author) 2a. REPORT SECURITY C LASSIPICATION Det 4', RTD, Air Force Systems Command, Eglin Air Force UNCLASSIFIED Base, Florida 2b GROUP 3. REPORT TITLE LIMITED RANGE TEST OF THE M16 RIFLE WITH EIGHT TYPES OF RIFLE AND MAND GRENADES 4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type cf report and Inclusive Ise,) Final Report Period Ending October 1964 S. AUTHOR(S) (Last name, itrst name, Initial) Calfee, Dewey E. S. REPORT DATE 7a. vl OA. NO.OP PACES 7b. NO. OF REFS Janusxy 1965 2 8.. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 9a, ORIGINATOR'S REPORT NUMEER(S) ATL-TR-65-P h. PROJECT NC. Engineering Services Proj No. 912A- 0000-97205 Sb. gtheror PORT NO(S) (Any otetnu-blrt that may be assigned If. 0. AVA ILAOILITY/LIMITATION NOTICES Qualified users may obtain copies of this report from the Defense Documentation Center. Ii. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY I1. ADSTRACT Det Ji, RTD Eglin AFB, Florida Range tables have been constructed for eight Army-type rifle and hand grenades fired from the M16 rifle. The range and time of flight were measured for launch elevation angles of 5" to 150. Final range data are thu re.uli of evereig 1uti individual data points and compensating for wind effects. Tables are presented for the following grenades: M21 Hand Grenade 'ith MIA2 Adapter, M30 Hand Grenade with MIA2 Adapter, M31 Rifle Grenade, M34 Hand Grenade with MlA2 Adapter, M22A2 Rifle Grenade, M23 Rifle Grenade, M27 Rifle Grenade, and the MNAl CN Hand Grenade with M12AI Adapter. No breakage of component parts of the guns or gun stocks occurred during the tests. r% r% FORM 1473 L L.# J 14 73 UNCLASSIIED Security Classification
UNCTASSIFIED Securzity Classification 14- L.N A LINK J It/K C KEY WORDS 0 1 T 7 noei m CA W / I M416 RifleI& thfe reprt enadesihit.tttetr (11t 1. toriginating ACTIVITY: Enter the name eand a~ddress Iittsmpoli fly tettitit ia 001,1 Iflt.lti' l (illij etailirdpri telentments. of the contractor, mubcontractor, grauntee. Departmentr of 1)(f mich ei tense activity or other oirganization (roqtnoeat.. atiltni) ieaintill Ir el.1o1-i 1" 114iliopicsi t(o1 (1 this 'tihe repreort. (ofit (Ion 11('' 2i, REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICAlIONt Kniter the over, "Ireg t.itit 111i 'ittti atit tinairointiiltot if f/ill%' all s. eenrity classification of this report, litdtitte whemther "Restricted Data'' is inciuded, Markilif is to bto int attittit I, h 4 of 110 1111 oloititi ance wiut' appropriate sicturity ritwultaionet I) ti l 1tt ft itit Iltqtt ctsoo) icel army itltniet cto titoe 0 2/i. 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