International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 5, May 2018, pp. 694 699, Article ID: IJCIET_09_05_076 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=5 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed RESEARCH ON URBAN ROAD TRAFFIC CONGESTION OF HYDERABAD A CASE STUDY B. Suresh, N. Venkat Rao and Suraj Baraik Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Dundigal, Hyderabad ABSTRACT The traffic in Hyderabad is rapidly increasing day by day because of population growth and migration of population from rural areas to urban areas this leads to the growth of vehicle ownership and usage. Hyderabad is the hub of IT sector, business sector, shopping malls, education institutions etc. The traffic congestion is possible for any mode of transportation particularly we focused on traffic congestion on roadways due to automobiles. Traffic congestion on road networks is categorized based on the following factors i.e. lower speed, longer trip time and queuing of the vehicle for a longer duration. In this paper the causes for traffic congestion such as illegal parking, Disobeying traffic rules, Seasonal factors, Pavement failures, Encroaching of footpath, Festival and Occasional congestions, Passage of heavy vehicle on narrow roads, Accidents and Improper lane management are identified and remedial measures to minimize the traffic congestion were discussed briefly on the study area of Hyderabad. Keywords: Traffic congestion, encroaching of footpath, Pavement failures, Accidents, lane management. Cite this Article: B. Suresh, N. Venkat Rao and Suraj Baraik, Research on Urban Road Traffic Congestion of Hyderabad a Case Study, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(5), 2018, pp. 694 699. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype=9&itype=5 1. INTRODUCTION Generally when capacity fails to provide peak demands, waiting and delays are caused especially in road traffic giving rise to traffic congestion [1]. Congestion is the delay imposed by one vehicle on another for a given road if the traffic volume is high with greater delay then traffic congestion is high. Traffic congestion effects cost on delay to people, increases operation cost of vehicle, high fuel and maintenance cost etc., traffic congestion cost is also a part of social cost it is shared by the society [2]. Traffic congestion also plays a role on degradation of the environment leads to environmental cost. There is huge noise pollution of (more than 90 db). The sudden stop and go of vehicle movement in the congested areas leads high consumption of fuel thereby increasing the pollution level in the city by emitting various toxic gases. If the traffic demand is high and interaction between vehicles slows down the speed of traffic stream it results in traffic congestion [3]. If vehicles are fully halted for a http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 694 editor@iaeme.com
Research on Urban Road Traffic Congestion of Hyderabad a Case Study longer duration, then it is termed as a traffic jam or traffic snarl-up. Due to this, the drivers get frustrated and sometimes they also lead to the cause of accidents Traffic congestion leads to waste of valuable time and health of passengers and pedestrians. The time period wasted by congestion leads to loss of some productive work 2. FACTORS CAUSE TRAFFIC CONGESTION There are several causes for traffic congestion in Hyderabad city which leads to loss of time, fuel etc. Figure 1 Hyderabad Urban Road Map 2.1. Illegal parking The main cause of illegal parking is insufficient parking space available for parking of vehicles. Illegal parking is one of the main causes of traffic congestion in Hyderabad. Illegal parking s are mostly done in front of cinema halls, petrol pumps and footpaths etc. Due to this traffic flow is interrupted and slows down the speed of vehicle until the wrongly parked vehicles are removed. Figure 2 Accidents- Accused data 2.2. Disobeying traffic rules Another reason for traffic congestion is disobeying the traffic rules most of the two wheelers taxi and auto drivers don t obey the traffic rules to minimize their journey time. They choose shortcut and take wrong turns in prohibited areas which lead to traffic congestion. Sometimes they pass through a narrow gap provided in between medians which leads to accidents. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 695 editor@iaeme.com
B. Suresh, N. Venkat Rao and Suraj Baraik Figure 3 Accidents- victims 2.3. Seasonal factors Traffic congestion also depends upon seasonal factors there is huge traffic congestion during rainy season compared to any other seasons in Hyderabad. During the rainy reason most of the underground drainage systems are failed due to excess runoff of rain water which leads to obstruction in traffic flow and sometimes attractive seasonal offers provided by shopping malls leads to insufficient parking space, then high demand for parking space is generated leads to illegal parking of vehicles on road side and footpath. 2.4. Pavement failures Pavement deformation leads to traffic congestion deformation in terms of corrugations, depressions, rutting and shoving etc. Deformation generally takes places both in flexible and rigid pavements [4, 5]. 2.5. Encroaching of footpath Though footpaths are available for pedestrians in Hyderabad pedestrians are unable to use them because they are occupied by street vendors which creates a lot of problems to the pedestrians. In this process pedestrians are moving on to the road which slows down the traffic flow leads to congestion [6]. 2.6. Festival and Occasional congestion Another cause for congestion is during festival seasons due to heavy traffic the traffic is diverted through narrow roads and cause traffic congestion. 2.7. Passage of heavy vehicle on narrow roads Traffic congestion is also caused due to passage of heavy vehicle through narrow road in most of the cases huge traffic is stuck for a longer duration. Generally this happens due to the diversion of traffic [7]. 2.8. Accidents A major cause for traffic congestion is accidents, generally accidents are caused due to many reasons such as signal jump, over speed, drink and drive etc., mostly 2- wheelers and pedestrians are injured sometimes found death in road accidents. Until the victims are moved from the spot traffic flow is minimized and cause congestion [8, 9]. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 696 editor@iaeme.com
Research on Urban Road Traffic Congestion of Hyderabad a Case Study Figure 4 Drunk and drive data 2.9. Improper lane management Another major cause for traffic congestion is improper lane management drivers overtake the moving vehicles and they cross the lane some times which leads to road accidents and in some another cases mostly at railway crossing drivers don t follow the lane management system which leads to traffic congestion[10]. 3. PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR TRAFFIC CONGESTION 3.1. Strict lane management Huge amount of penalty or fine is to be imposed to the drivers if they don t follow the lane management system separate grades are to be provided based upon the vehicle type and classification to minimize the traffic congestion[11,12]. 3.2. Penalty for illegal parking Penalty is to be imposed to the vehicle drivers who parks their vehicle illegally on road and cause traffic congestion if they continue the same then have to be punished as per traffic law. 3.3. Introducing e-shopping E-shopping can minimize the traffic congestion so, that awareness programs are to be conducted on e-shopping and e-education system etc., 3.4. Junction improvement Traffic congestion is minimized by proper planning of grade separators at junctions for 2, 3 and 4 wheelers. 3.5. Immediate action on pavement failures If pavements are found to be in improper condition immediate action is to be taken in terms of repairs and maintenance a single delay may leads to traffic congestion 3.6. Prohibition of heavy vehicles through narrow roads Based on the road width proper planning should be made for loading and unloading of materials mostly avoid the passage of heavy vehicles in narrow roads which don t take U- turn. http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 697 editor@iaeme.com
B. Suresh, N. Venkat Rao and Suraj Baraik 3.7. Design speed for urban roads IRC guidelines for design speed of vehicles on different urban roads Table 1 Design speed of urban roads Classifications on the basis Design speed in Km/hr of urban roads Aertial roads 80 Sub-aertial roads 60 Collector roads 50 Local streets 30 3.8. Safe Stopping Sight Distance IRC guide lines for safe stopping sight distance based upon speed. Table 2 Safe stopping sight distance for vehicles in urban roads Safe stopping sight Speed (km/hr) distance (m) 30 30 50 60 60 80 80 120 4. CONCLUSION It is every individual responsibility to be aware of traffic signals and to follow the traffic rules for free flow of traffic. Urban traffic authorizes are advised to take timely actions and corrective measures to avoid traffic congestion. Vending zones at heavy traffic centers must be transferred to the out skirts of the city. All the suggested remedial measures must be observed and followed to avoid traffic congestion on city roads. REFERENCES [1] Haribandhu Panda& RS Pundir, Problems and possible solutions for better traffic management: A case study of Vadodara- Ahmadabad section of national highway eight, Research Paper 19, August 2002. [2] Manuj Darbari Sanjay Medhavi and Abhay Kumar Srivastava, Development of effective Urban Road Traffic Management using workflow techniques for upcoming metro cities like Lucknow (India), International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, Vol.1, No. 3, pp. 99-108, July, 2008. [3] Vipin Jain, Ashlesh Sharma &Lakshminarayanan, Road Traffic Congestion in the Developing World. Haribandhu Panda& RS Pundir, Problems and possible solutions for better traffic management: A case study of Vadodara- Ahmadabad section of national highway eight, Research Paper 19, August 2002. [4] N Venkat Rao and B Suresh, Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Concrete by the Partial Replacement of Narutal River Sand by Robo Sand, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(4), 2018, pp. 737 743. [5] B. Suresh, N. Venkat Rao and G. Srinath Evaluation of engineering properties of flexible Pavements using plaxis software, International journal of mechanical and production Engineering research and development (ijmperd) Issn (p): 2249-6890; issn (e): 2249-8001 Vol. 8, issue 1, feb 2018, 445-456 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 698 editor@iaeme.com
Research on Urban Road Traffic Congestion of Hyderabad a Case Study [6] Shulin He, Quantitive Problem of Road Traffic Congestion Simulation and Extension Information Analysis, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 2,pp. 51-55, February 2012. [7] Mr. William ZHANG, Dr. Wen Long YUE, Alternative Solutions For Urban Traffic Congestion, Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Vol.3, No.2, October 2001, pp 327-342. [8] Fiona Poole, Traffic Congestion [Including The Road Traffic Reduction (United Kingdom Targets) Bill 1997/98 Bill 11], Research Paper 98/16, 28 January 1998, pp. 1-45 [9] A statistical data presented by Hyderabad traffic police [10] Md Aftabuzzaman, Graham Currie, Majid Sarvi, Evaluating The Congestion Relief Impacts Of Public Transport In Monetary Terms, Journal of Public Transportation, Vol.13, No.1, 2010, pp. 1-24. [11] Robaka Samsher, Mohamamd Nayeem Abdullah, Traffic Congestionand in Bangladesh- Causes and Solutions: A Study Of Chittagong Metropolitian City, Asian Business Review, Vol.2, No.1/2013 (Issue 3), ISSN 2304-2613(Print); ISSN 2305-8730/ Online, pp. 13-18. [12] A Summary Document on Managing Urban Traffic Congestion, European Conference of Ministers of Transport, ISBN 978-92-821-0128-5, pp. 1-29. [13] K. S. B. Prasad, Dr. G. Venkata Rao and S. Venkatesh, Study on Traffic Congestion Cost A Case Study. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp. 774 779 [14] Akshay Jadhav, Deepak Anchule, Shekhar Bade and Prof. Anuradha Pansare, Optimized Solutions for Resolving Traffic congestion At University Circle, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(2), 2016, pp. 278 289. [15] Samar Patni, V. S. Landge and Sanket Gupta, Motor Vehicle Traffic Congestion Costing in Nagpur City, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp. 100 106 http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/index.asp 699 editor@iaeme.com