Boundaries of Rock Mechanics

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL YOUNG SCHOLARS' SYMPOSIUM ON ROCK MECHANICS, 28 APRIL-2 MAY, 2008, BEIJING, CHINA Boundaries of Rock Mechanics Recent Advances and Challenges for the 21st Century Editors Meifeng Cai Jin'an Wang ISRM Commission on Education Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Croup LONDON / LEIDEN /NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE

Boundaries of Rock Mechanics - Cai & Wang (eds) 2008 TaylorS, Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-46934-0 Table of Contents Preface Organization Acknowledgements XV XVII XIX Field investigation and instrumentation Stress field characteristics and prediction of rockburst in the tunnel area from Make river to Keke river in the west line of SNWDP 3 M.F. Cai, X.O. Xia, H. Peng & X.M. Ma Identification of geological interfaces from drilling process monitoring in ground investigation 7 W.Gao, J.Chen&Z.Q. Yue Surface movement monitoring and analysis based on GIS 13 C.L. Li & XL. Li In situ stress state in engineering area of Dali-Lijiang railway and its impact on the railway project 19 X.M. Ma, H. Peng & IS. Li In situ stress monitoring network along Qinghai-Tibet railway 23 H. Peng, Z.H. Wu & X.M. Ma Stain monitoring for tunnel using distributed optical fiber BOTDR sensors 27 H.T. Qiu, C. Li, H.L. Cui, D. Zhang & Y. Ding Study on ground stress distribution law in Longkou sea area 31 B. Wang, YF. Gao, J.Y.Jia, F.Xing & Y.P. Zhang A comparison of evaluation of rock mass deformation modulus from in-situ method and indirect one (empirical method) in Parsian dam site 35 N.S. Zadeh Rock properties and mechanical behavior Stress and scale effects of the hydraulic properties of fractured rocks 41 L. Jing & A. Baghbanan Experimental study on deformation of deep unsaturated-saturated Tuff in Lancang lead-deposit 49 G.Z. Cao, Y. Qiang & F. Li Detection of thin weak zone in weathered rocks from automatic monitoring of pneumatic rotary-percussive drilling 53 J.Chen, W.Gao&Z.Q. Yue Study on porosity changes of Longyou sandstone under chemical corrosion 59 Q. Cui, XT. Feng, C.Q. Zhang, Q. Xue, H. Zhou & Z.H. Zhang A thermomechanical damage approach of constitutive models and its application in geomaterials 67 X. Guo, D.J. Yuan, M.S. Wang & C.G. Zhao Numerical lower bound analysis of stability problems of rock and soil masses 73 C.Q. Jia, Q. W Huang & M.S. Huang V

Dynamic response to incident body waves of cylindrical cavities in a porous medium half-space 79 L.F. Jiang, Y.Y. Jiao &X.L. Zhang Elasto-plastic analysis of jointed rock masses using the numerical manifold method 83 J. Jiao & C.S. Qiao Rock masses rating for crushed, dressed and ornament stones 89 E.E. Kheirelseed, T.H. Ming & S.B. Abdalla Research on rock mechanics parameters by using comprehensive evaluation method of rock quality grade-oriented 93 Y. Li, S.R. Wang, C.F Wu, H.Q. Zhang & Z.F. Li SEM microstructure and SEM mechanical tests of swelling red sandstone in Guangzhou metro engineering 99 B. Liu, L.G. Tao, T. Li, G.G. Qiao, J. Chen & J.H. Yan Application of laser real-time HI to investigation of mesomechanical behaviors of rock 105 D.M. Liu & Y.B. Zhou The effect of meso-structure on temperature distribution in shale subject to freeze-thaw conditions 109 H. Liu & G.S. Yang The installation method and test of rock deformation in deep borehole by fiber bragg grating 115 J.X. Liu, J. Chai, L. Zhui, Y. Li, G. W. Zhang, J.H. Yang & Z.P. Wang Numerical study on size effect of ring specimen under Brazilian test 121 W.B. Liu, B.G. Liu &K.Y. Liu Laboratory comparative tests for geomaterial strengths with drilling process monitoring technique 127 WJ.Lu, T.YLau&ZQ. Yue Experimental investigation on multidirectional loading under different initial stress states in clay 133 M.T. Luan, Y. Nie, X. W. Tang, B.X. Liu, J.Y. Li & J.B. Fu Investigation of rock resistance coefficient in rocks around tunnel based on unified strength theory 139 Q. Ma, J.H. Zhao &X.Y. Wei Elimination of end friction in biaxial testing of cubic rock samples 145 H.S.Mitri, X.Y. Yun & X.L. Yang Study on the dominant factors for primary fissure form in the process of hydraulic fracturing in coal rock 151 X.M. Ni, Y.B. Wang, B.Z. Yan & Q.H. Hu Real-time CT testing of meso-damage evolution law of frozen cracked sandstone under uniaxial compression conditions 157 J.X. Ren & H. Liu Study of similarity recognition of drilling parameters in weathered granite formations 161 Z.Y. Tan, M.F. Cai & S.J. Wang Stress solutions for an inhomogeneous plane strain transversely isotropic rock subjected to horizontal and vertical line loads 167 CD. Wang & J.Y. Hou Precision analysis of discontinuity orientation obtained with DCRP 173 F.Y Wang, J.P. Chen & B.FShi Numerical simulation of rock fracture process under tension 179 L.G. Wang, N. Zhao, L.L. Zhang & Y.F. Zhou Experimental study on dynamic behavior of unsaturated silty clay 185 M. Wang, Q. Yang, G.Q. Kong & M.T. Luan VI

Characterization of mechanical properties of rocks by microindentation test A new method for testing rock properties 191 W. Wang, W.YXu, S. Corn & P. Ienny Numerical simulation of acoustic emission and strain energy decrease of rock specimens with different degrees of pre-existing random imperfections 197 X.B. Wang Study on judge system of fuzzy inference to classification of tunnel surrounding rock 203 X.R. Wang, Y.H. Wang & S.H. Zhang Research on ultrasonic characteristics of sandstone after heating to high temperature 207 G. Wu & S. Liu Study on crack initiation mechanism of brittle rock under pressure head 213 K.S. Wu, J.F Gu, Y.X. Yang, Z.M. Zhai, C.B. Yu, HP. Tian, G.Z. Guo & Z.Y.Shao Mechanical effects of weak structural planes in rock mass 219 L.Q. Yang, S.R. Zhang &J.Q. Wu Numerical simulation of the morphology and the geometric characteristic of rock joints by using GIS 225 X. Yang, P. Zhang & N. Li Hydraulic fracturing phenomena in cohesive soil 229 D.J. Yuan, Q.F. Huang & A. Koizumi Mechanical behaviour of biaxially loaded coalmine sandstone 233 X.Y. Yun, X.L. Yang & H.S. Mitri Research on mechanical characteristics of damage in surrounding rock mass with high geo-stress 239 J.X. Zhang, H.D. Jiang, X.H. Ren, J.Q. Shu & H.Y.Ren Surface roughness analysis of rock joints based on a 3D surface model 243 P. Zhang, N. Li & X. Yang Study on mechanical properties of rock discontinuity during unloading 249 Q.Z.Zhang, M.R. Shen & L.B. Zhang Study on physical and mechanical properties of the coal gangue for filling 255 X.G. Zhang, H.L. Wang & Z.P Liu Numerical simulation of crack propagation in three-point bending beams 259 XL. Zhang & Y.Y. Jiao Mechanism analysis on rheological instability of rock sample 263 Z.G. Zhao, Y.L. Tan & Q.T. Hu Processing and experimental technology of 3-D cracks in brittle materials 267 X. Zhu, M.L. Huang & Y. Huang Numerical simulation of crack propagation in a rock mass under seepage-stress coupling conditions 273 N. Zhuang, K.Z. Zhu&J.W. Li Underground mining and excavation engineering Roadway stability analysis in a deep coal mine 281 W.X. Chen, X.Q. He, H.S. Mitri & B.S. Nie Destressing design and practice of a soft rock roadway under high ground pressure 287 EL. He, B. Du, SB. Zhang & S.R. Xie Grouting experiment on forming artificial Pillar for Pillar stoping 291 K.P. Hou, M. Xie & K.G. Li VII

Asymmetrical bolt-mesh support technique of deep soft-rock roadway under complex conditions 295 M.L Huang, W. Lu, F. Wang & T. Xu Design computation in shaft lining in thick overlay soil strata 301 B.S. Jiang & J.G. Wang Predictive analysis of dynamic instability for Large-Scale-Mined-out-Area (LSMA) based on field hybrid monitoring in western strong seismic region 307 X.P. Lai, M.F. Cai, EH. Ren & S.J. Miao Research on the variation rule of working face support pressure beneath igneous strata 313 W.Li, H.G. Ji, J.A. Wang & S.J. Cai Prediction on subsidence area developing situation of steep inclined coal seem 317 W.Li, J.A. Wang&TJ.Xu Research on mining subsidence prediction based on GIS 321 X.L. Li & C.L. Li Infiltration mechanism of mine water from abandoned mines through coal rock mass 325 X.L. Li, L. Liu, L.G. Wang & T.G. Deng Numerical simulation of splitting failure of Pubugou hydropower station based on energy method 329 N. Liu, W.S. Zhu, X.J. Li & X.L. Xin Stability of coal mine roadway intersection in great depth of cover 333 T.K. Lu & X. Chen Rapid excavation by blasting technique for hard rock roadways in high gas coal mine 339 Q.Y Ma & S.J. Miao Construction of Chongwenmen station passing under existing subway with underground excavation method 343 S.Z. Ma & C.S. Qiao Effects of geometrical characteristic on cavern integrity for the underground gas storage 349 J. Mo, W.G. Liang & Y.S. Zhao Numerical analysis of the capability of water-resisting key strata to prevent water seepage in mined rock mass 353 H. Pu & XX. Miao Modeling study of roadway stability in Xishimen iron mine based on yielding approach index 359 L. Qiao, S.Y. Li, W. Gao &L.Y Zhu Time series analysis of ground surface displacement induced by tunnel excavation 363 S. W. Qin, J.P. Chen, Y.H. Xiao & J.S. Que Discrete element modeling of coal mine waste 367 P. Sheng, G.Y.Yu&Y.Y. Duan Analysis and evaluation aspects on stability of water-sealed underground petroleum storage caverns in rock 371 H.B. Shi&B.G. Liu Study on the application of discrete wavelet on the risk diagnose of surrounding rock stability of gold Mine B. Song, J.S. Pan & PF. Wang Visco-elasto-plastic simulations for coal pillar stability affected by mining Y.L. Tan, C.J. Sun, Z.K. Wu & Y.J. Chen Optimization of gas drainage parameters by LBM G.R. Teng, Y.L. Tan & M. Gao VIII

Mechanical and experimental study on the failure law of massive igneous rock in the upper of the stope 395 X.W. Wei, H.G. Ji, J.A. Wang, L. Qiao &X.W. Wei The unloading model of the rock masses and its application on numerical analysis of underground power plant 399. XL. Wen & X.M. Guo Stability analysis on pillars near backfilled goafs 405 H. W. Wu, S.J. Miao & H.T. Ma Excavation of No.2 ventilation shaft of Qinling highway tunnel 411 S.L. Xu, H.H. Zhu, Z.G. Yan & W.Q. Ding Three-dimensional strain softening modeling of sublevel open stope method layouts 415 G.T. Yang, X.B. Li, Q.S. Wang, X.L. Liu & H.J. Chen Mechanism of mining-induced horizontal fractures in overburden strata 419 G.M. Yu, C.F. Yuan, X.G. Zang, S.B. Lu, G.Y. Wang, Z.J. Su&X.L. Fan Rock heat-transfer model of high-temperature stopes and its solving process 425 EL Zhan & M.F. Cai Grid computing for large-scale underground cavern group based on Krylov subspace methods 429 L. Zhang & H.D. Jiang Study on the silting mechanism of reinforcing extraordinary cracked coal body using polyurethane 435 ST. Zhang, R.J. Si, Y.H. Zou & Z.H. Yang Influence of cavern space on stability of large cavern groups under earthquakes 439 B. Y. Zhao, Z. Y. Ma, W. Xu, C. Y. Jin & Z. G. Yang Study on the evolution of stress in shaft-lining during stratum-grouting 447 G.S. Zhao, G.Q. Zhou, X. Y. Shang, FP Zhu, B.B. Xu, X.J. Li, Z.L. Yin & G.Q. Dong Rock slopes and landsides Case study of slope stabilization using compression anchor and reinforced concrete beam 455 G.Z. Chen & J.Q. Jia Reliability assessment of an open-pit slope using finite element strength reduction method and response surface method 459 J. Deng, Z. Peng & D.S. Gu Designing, constructing and monitoring of slopes in rock mass in Croatia 463 M. Grosic, S. Dugonjic & D. Udovic Analysis of rock slope stability by using the strength reduction method 471 M. He, N. Li, Q. Liu &J.G. Hao Application of accelerating genetic algorithm combined with golden section in slope stability analysis 477 H. Hu, L. Yao & M. Dong The reliability analysis of Nantong coal gangue slope based on the modified 'JC method 483 D.S. Li & D.Y. Liu Stability analysis of cutting slope by using 3D dynamic numerical simulation 487 K.G. Li, K.P Hou & Y Cheng Different failure mode of gravel and soft clay slopes 491 S.Li.S.Q. Wang & S.L.Liu Stability of slope and stope of transition from opencast mining to underground mining 497 Z.J. Li, G.G. Qiao, Z.J. Li, Y.B. Zhang, G.Q. Gan, X.Y.Mi & G. Chen IX

Rock slope stability analysis with nonlinear finite element method 503 Y.R. Liu, Q. Yang, L.J. Xue & W.Y. Zhou Vector analysis method of slope stability against sliding 509 Y.Z. Liu, X.R. Ge, C.G. Li & S.H. Wang Combination of probabilistic and deterministic methods for three-dimensional assessment of landslide hazard in a large mountainous area 515 C. Qiu, M. Xie, T. Esaki & Y Mitani Strength characteristic of loess with different structure and its application to analyzing earth pressure of loess tunnel 521 S.J. Shao & G.H. Deng Influence of underground water on the stability of jointed slopes 527 W.H. Tan, S.J. Miao & F.H. Ren Analysis of the formation mechanism of Xiamen subsea tunnel fault 533 J.S. Wang, Y Li, L. Wang, Z.G. Cao, Y.X. Zhang & Z.F. Li Evaluation on country rock quality of tunnel based on set pair analysis 539 Q.S. Wang, G.X. Wang & X.B. Li Evaluation of effect for high slope K211 at Ganyue freeway 543 X.B. Xiong, M.X. Zheng, P. Lin, YF Du & B. Wang Application of GPS technology to sliding slope deformation monitoring 547 M.L. Xu & F.Y. Yang Study on the stability of pusiluogou engineering slope in right bank 551 PH. Xu, J.P. Chen, R.Q. Huang, M. Yan, M.F Gong & JP. Zhou Applying catastrophe theory to slope reliability analysis 557 K. Yang, C. Shi & J.F. Wang Study on remote monitoring for slope stability of expressway 563 Z.J. Yang, M.F. Cai, S.J. Miao & Y Liu Artificial neural network based predicting model for evaluating stability of landslide 567 B. Zeng& W.Xiang Model test of talus slope stability in mountain area 573 H. Zhang, Z.X. Zhang, H. W. Huang & J.K. Zhou Deformation and reinforcement of a rock slope in the anticline center 579 L. Zhang, L.J. Tao & G.Y Wei Chaotic particle swarm optimization for non-circular critical slip surface identification in slope stability analysis 585 H.B. Zhao, Z.S. Zou & Z.L. Ru In-situ test and study of the internal force features of prestress anchor lattice beam 589 DP Zhu, Y.Z. Xu, E.C. Yan & W.Xiao Tunnels and foundations Research on IBATSRD and engineering practice 597 KM. Chen & EX. Sun Calculation and analysis of plastic zone and ground settlement for shield tunnel 603 Y Chen & Q.H. Zhang Experimental study on mechanical behavior of shield tunnel 607 Z. Y. Fan, H W. Huang & DM. Zhang

Probabilistic determination of the principal parameters controlling the ground settlement curve due to deep excavation 613 L. Y. Gu, H. W. Huang & W. Chen Influence of the distribution of a concealed fault on stability of tunnel 617 P. Jia & C.A. Tang Application of neutral point theory on designing free segment length of pre-stressed bolts for rock tunnelling 621 A.B. Jin, Y.T. Gao & S.C. Wu Uplift capacity of single piles embedded in clay: Prediction and application 625 G.Q. Kong, Q. Yang, M. Wang & M.T. Luan Numerical analysis for a strain softening behavior of a shallow NATM tunnels 631 J.H. Lee, G.R. Jin, J.S. Shin, J.H. Park, S.G. Choi, Y.Y. Na, YS. Jeon & I.H. Jeng Deformation analysis by artificial neural networks and FEM database for design and construction of NATM tunnels 639 J.H. Lee, Y.S. Kim, G.R. Jin, T.S. Kwon, W.S. Hwang, H.S. Han, S. U. Shin, S.J. Park & I.S. Seo Effect of measurement error on the accuracy of the predicted value of the three-point method 645 L. Li & W.D. Liu Field instrumentation and 3-D numerical modeling on two adjacent metro shield tunnels beneath tall buildings 649 T. Li, B. Liu, Y.S. Jiang & L.G. Tao Influence of intermediate principal stress on seismic stability of rock-fill dams 655 Y.L. Lin & H.L. Liu Study on deformation control technique in deep foundation pit engineering 661 H. Liu & M.F. Cai Study on the GA-AN1FIS intelligence model for nonlinear displacement time series analysis of long and large tunnel construction 667 KY.Liu, C.S. Qiao & S.D. Wang Dynamic testing study of the precast assembled electrical manhole 673 P.F. Mu, X. Y. Xie, Z.X. Zhang, H. Zhang & C. Wang Experimental study on buoyancy acting on deep foundation in clay 679 L.H. Song, L. Mei, G.X. Mei & J.M. Zai Parameter equivalent for Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown criteria in the case of rock tunneling 683 X.J. Tang, Y.H. Wang & Y. Wang Theoretical and experimental study on bearing characteristics of super-long rock-socketed pile groups 689 H.Z. Wang, R. Cao, Y.W.Zeng & B. Zhu 3-D stability analysis of tunnel structures based on geometric stochastic blocks theory 695 S.H. Wang, Y.B. Zhang, N. Zhang & S. Wang Research on stability of the mined-up region for prebuilding steelworks 701 S.R. Wang, C.F. Wu, Y. Li & Z.F. Li Calculation of permeability tensor of fractured rock mass based on statistics and its application in the fissured water around the tunnel 707 T.H. Wang, J.P. Chen, Q. Wang & Y. Li Tunnel invert heave and the principles of its control: A study from Yunling tunnel 711 Y. Wang, Y.H Wang & X.J. Tang XI

Prediction of surrounding rock pressure of Maanshan tunnel by the method of support vector machine 715 Y.H. Xiao, Q. Wang, J.P. Chen, W.K. Dai & J.S. Que Free vibration analysis of thick plates on pasternak foundations 721 D.S. Xu, Y. Wang & R.C. Xiao Study on the key techniques of tunneling across underground river in Karst areas 727 Y.G. Xue, S.C. Li, S.C. Li, Q.S. Zhang, B. Liu & Q. Liu Torsional dynamic analysis of a rigid foundation on a non homo-geneous saturated stratum 731 YE Yang & D.Z. Wu A new method for vibration response of beam on foundation under moving load 737 Y.Z. Yang & X.R. Ge Dynamic superposition of tri-anchor support technology at tunnel junction under complex rock strata 743 H.Q. Zhang, Y.N. He, L.J. Han; B.S. Jiang, M.L. Zhang, J.G. Wang, L.H. Li & Y.J. Lin Research on the settlement prediction models of combined piles composite foundations 749 L.H. Zhang & S.E Zhao Model test and numerical simulation of tunnel in country rocks with faults 755 N. Zhang, S.H. Wang, B. Yang & W.H. Liu Freezing damage prevention and forecast to roads on congealed ground 759 X.D. Zhang, Y. Pan & Y.B. Gong Mining of coal seam under mined out space and foundation stability of transmission tower 765 Y. Zhang, M.F. Cai, Y.Y. Zhao & P. Luo Application of synthesized methods for stability analysis of rock cavern foundation 769 Y.X. Zhang, T.Q. Zhou & G.L. Wang Mechanism of interaction between tunnel and slopes in Portal construction 775 X. Zhao, C.C. Xia & C.B. Xu FBG-based health monitoring for the secondary lining of Bainijing tunnel No.3 in Kunming, China 781 XG. Zhao, H.T. Qiu, C. Li & J.P Liu Self-adaptable end-bearing composite pile foundation and its application in situ 787 F. Zhou, J.M. Zai & G.X. Mei Investigation of coupled stress and seepage of a reservoir completely covered by geomembrane 791 J.F. Zhou, X.M. Guo, X.E He, K.D. Tang & J.M. Hu Application of transient electromagnetic method in colliery hydraulic channels 795 W. Zuo & J.A. Wang Dynamics and blasting Extensional method of rockburst and its application in Huangdao water sealed underground oil tank 803 X. Chen, X.B. Qi, J.Z. Sun & J.K. Zhang Study on electromagnetic radiation forecast for rock burst with hard roof 811 B. Du, J.M. Yao & EL. He Numerical simulation on penetrating rock by linear shaped charge jet with uneven thickness cover 815 A.P. Fei & L.J. Guo Effects of soil characteristics on seismic-induced pore water pressure around a buried pipeline in a porous seabed 819 M.T. Luan & X.L. Zhang XII

Numerical study of the effect of ground stress on coal bursting potential 825 J.N. Pan, Z.P. Meng, Q.L. Hou & Y.W. Ju Research on rockburst prediction with fuzzy comprehensive evaluations based on rough set 831 D.H. Qiu, J.P Chen, Q. Wang & J. Zhang Dynamical destabilization experimental analysis on deep-seated, steep and heavy thick coal seam in Huating Mine 837 EH. Ren, L.J. Zhang & X.P. Lai Analysis of 3-D seismic response of subway station structures in Wuhan 843 G.B. Wang, WE Xie & X.F. Ma Study on blasting seismic safety criterion based on wavelet packets equivalent energy technique 847 X.Z. Wu, K. Zhao & M.F. Cai Investigation of comprehensive rockburst prediction during deep mining 851 M.G. Xu, G.H. Yao, Z.H. Ouyang & Z.J. Du Countermeasure research on preventing rock burst with hard roof by energy mechanism 857 J.M. Yao & EL. He Study on the influence of surrounding rock to the tunnel excavation by numerical simulation 861 Y.Q. Yu, X.L. Yang, W.M. Liang & M.Y. Hu Seismic response of QINGDAO sub-sea tunnel considering transversely isotropic 867 X. Zhang, S.C. Li & X.L. Ding Microcosmic mechanism analysis and experimental study of rock burst fracture based on SEM 873 Y.B. Zhang, Y.B. Zhang, Z.Q. Kang & EP. Li New techniques and methods Study on intelligent prediction system of deep pit deformation 879 J. Guo, Y.H. Wang & Y. Miao Study on soft rock strata movement with catastrophe theory 883 C.H. Huang, X.G. Xie, D.H. Xie & T. Feng Some potentials of discontinuous deformation analysis method 889 Y.Y. Jiao, XL. Zhang, S.L. Wang & J. Zhao Study on the ecological protection techniques of steep rock slope in high-cold area 895 T.B. Li, H. Xu, R.B. Zhang & X.H. Zhou A splitting failure criterion of surrounding rock mass in depth of high in situ stress region and its engineering application 901 X.J. Li, W.S. Zhu, W.M. Yang & Y. Li Development of a new type of steel structure rack apparatus for 3D geomechanical model tests and structural integrity assessment 907 Y. Li, W.S. Zhu, Q.Y.Zhang, HP Wang, W.T. Wang & J. Han DEM simulation of shear bands using a meshfree strain calculation method 913 Y. Liu, S.C. Wu, F. Li &X.Q. Chai Deformation prediction research based on improved Saito's method with Verhulst grey model 919 S.J. Miao, W.H. Tan, Z.F. Hou & PL. Li Electromagnetic emission characteristics and mechanism of the deformation and fracture of coal 925 B.S. Nie, X.Q. He, W.X. Chen & FB. Liu A research about the feasibility of cement grouting to reinforce petty crack rock 931 W.G. Qiao, Y.Q. Zhang, V.V. Perchine & A.V. Ouglianitsa XIII

3D modeling and visualization of complex geological structures using opengl 935 D. W. Seng, H.X. Wang & G.Y. Yue Nonlinear displacement-time series intelligent model for tunnel based on PSO-BP 939 C.Xu, B.G. Liu & K.Y. Liu Computer simulation of structural failure under unexpected loads in rock engineering 943 J.X. Xu & XL. Liu Removability analysis for secondary key-blocks 949 Y. Xu & Z.X. Zhang Prediction of PDC bit drilling force based on rock cutting mechanics theory 955 Y.X. Yang, D.K. Ma, B. Li, M. Lin, Y. Liu, J. Ma, H. Zeng & X.L. Fan Study on safety and prevention of geologic environmental damage during the construction of urban underground engineering 961 X.G. Zang, G.M. Yu, A.H. Wang, M.P Zhang & Y.Y. Xu Study on the application of slope risk assessment model by taking parameters' evaluations and numerical calculations into account 967 L. Zhang, XX. Wang & W.H. Gu Advances in KAISER effect of rock acoustic emission based on wavelet analysis 973 K. Zhao, X. Y. Zhi, X.J. Wang, J.F Jin & G.F Wang Model identification of geotechnical engineering based on genetic programming 977 T.B. Zhao, J.Y. Yao, Y.L. Tan, Y.X. Xiao & Z.G. Zhao Author index 983 XIV