Molothrus ater brown-headed cowbird bird North America Invasive High Sturnus vulgaris European starling bird Europe Invasive High Impact Notes primarily associated with small forest patches, edges, grasslands, and agricultural operations; parasitize nests of native birds and kill nestlings; range expanded toward New Jersey with forest clearing for agriculture agricultural operations; may harass or displace native birds (especially other cavity nesting species - e.g., woodpeckers, eastern bluebird) Carpodacus mexicanus house finch bird North America Invasive Moderate Passer domesticus house sparrow bird Europe Invasive High Myiopsitta monachus monk parakeet bird South America Invasive Low Cygnus olor mute swan bird Eurasia Invasive Columba livia rock dove bird Europe Invasive High Low, Locally High Aporrectodea limicola earthworm (Lumbricidae) invertebrate Europe Invasive Unknown agricultural fields; populations are large and may compete with native birds for food and nesting sites; introduced to the eastern U.S. in 1940's agricultural fields; may consume wheat, corn, and buds of fruit trees; may harass or displace native birds (e.g., eastern bluebird, tree swallows) ly known from a few isolated, but persistant breeding populations associated with urban areas. property damage to utility poles, but species is an agricultural pest in its native range. population growth rate very high in New Jersey, localized damage observed (e.g., Great Swamp National Wildlife Reguge); often associated with ponds in developed parks; may harass or displace native birds; occassionally aggressive toward humans especially while nesting agricultural operations; may be considered a risk to human health; foul structures species Page 1 of 5
Dendrobaena octaedra earthworm (Lumbricidae) invertebrate Europe Invasive Unknown species Eisenia rosea earthworm (Lumbricidae) invertebrate Europe Invasive Unknown species Lumbricus rubellus earthworm (Lumbricidae) invertebrate Europe Invasive Unknown species Lumbricus terrestris earthworm (Lumbricidae) invertebrate Europe Invasive Unknown species Rattus rattus black rat mammal Asia Invasive Unknown human health Rattus norvegicus brown rat mammal Europe Invasive Unknown human health Africa (but with significant Primarily associated with human habitations; selection for estimated to result in the death of nearly 240 Felis domesticus feral cats mammal domestication) Invasive High million birds per year in the U.S. Sus scrofa feral hog mammal Escaped livestock Invasive Low, Locally High Large population (> 100 individuals) known from the White Oak Branch Wildlife Management Area and neighboring state-owned golf course in Gloucester County (several other observations of feral hogs have been reported in Ocean and Sussex Counties). Recent attempts to eradicate the population in Gloucester County are no longer funded and it is anticiapated the the population will continue to grow. Species may carry pseudorabies that can infect domestic pigs. Feral hogs are known to produce significant impacts on natural systems in other parts of the country. Page 2 of 5
human health; may compete with native small Mus musculus house mouse mammal Eurasia Invasive Unknown mammals Corbicula fulminea Asiatic clam mussel Asia Invasive Unknown Dreissena bugensis quagga mussel mussel Eurasia Invasive None Dreissena polymorpha zebra mussel mussel Eurasia Invasive None Alectoris graeca chukar bird Asia Non-Invasive Unknown widespread outside of Pine Barrens; species may produce 'biofouling' of intake pipes in the U.S.; ecological impacts unknown; tolerant of humancaused impacts (silting, nutrient loads, etc.) Found in one location in eastern Pennsylvania; Not found in New Jersey, but introduction is possible Not found in New Jersey, but introduction is possible introduced game species, common on game farms but cannot sustain populations without continued human stocking programs Phasianus colchicus ring-necked pheasant bird Asia Non-Invasive Low introduced game species with marginal ability to maintain populations without continued stocking Lepus californicus black-tailed jackrabbit mammal North America Non-Invasive Unknown introduced game species Lepus capensis European hare mammal Europe Non-Invasive Unknown introduced game species Myocastor coypus nutria mammal South America Non-Invasive Unknown limited distribution and abundance Lepus townsendii white-tailed jackrabbit mammal North America Non-Invasive Unknown introduced game species Trionyx spiniferus Eastern spiny softshell reptile North America Non-Invasive Unknown Maurice River system only Pseudemys scripta elegans red-eared slider reptile North America Non-Invasive Unknown may directly compete with native painted turtle Pectinatella magnifica freshwater bryozoan bryozoan North America Unknown Unknown can create a toxin poisonous to fish can reduce native crayfish and alter fish species Orconectes rusticus rusty crayfish crustacean North America Unknown Unknown composition Orconectes virilis virile crayfish crustacean North America Unknown Unknown create damage to levees Ameiurus melas black bullhead freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown communities through predation Pomoxis nigromaculatus black crappie freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Ictalurus furcatus blue catfish freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown introduced game species, may hybridize with other catfish, may alter fish species composition through predation Lepomis macrochirus bluegill freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Page 3 of 5
Pimephales notatus bluntnose minnow freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown introduced bait species Amia calva bowfin freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown communities through predation introduced game species, may impact native Salmo trutta brown trout freshwater fish Europe Unknown Unknown brook trout through competition or predation introduced game species, may hybridize with other catfish, may alter fish species composition Ictalurus punctatus channel catfish freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown through predation introduced game species, may alter aquatic Cyprinus carpio common carp freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown vegetation and substrate Pimephales promelas fathead minnow freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown introduced bait species Pylodictis olivaris flathead catfish freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown communities through predation introduced ornamental species, may alter aquatic Carassius auratus goldfish freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown vegetation and substrate introduced game species, may alter aquatic Ctenopharyngodon idella grass carp freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown vegetation and substrate Lepomis cyanellus green sunfish freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Leuciscus idus ide freshwater fish Europe Unknown Unknown introduced game species, may behavior similarly to goldfish and carp Salvelinus namaycush lake trout freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Micropterus salmoides largemouth bass freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Gambusia affinis mosquitofish freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown introduced for mosquito control, may impact fish species through egg predation and composition of invertebrate communities -- may not be effective at controlling mosquitos Esox masquinongy muskellunge freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Esox lucius Northern pike freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Oriental weatherfish freshwater fish Asia Unknown Unknown introduced aquarium species Page 4 of 5
Impact Notes Astronotus ocellatus oscar freshwater fish South America Unknown Unknown introduced from aquarium releases, may compete with other sunfish for food and nesting locations Oncorhynchus mykiss rainbow trout freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Ambloplites rupestris rock bass freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown introduced game species, competition for food with similar species Micropterus dolomieu smallmouth bass freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Esox lucius x masquinongy tiger muskellunge freshwater fish Artificial hybrid Unknown Unknown Sander vitreus walleye freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Lepomis gulosus warmouth freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown, may hybridize with other sunfish Pomoxis aiularis White Crappie freshwater fish North America Unknown Unknown Craspedacusta sowerbyi freshwater jellyfish hydrozoan Asia Unknown Unknown widespread distribution First discovered in 1985 (Texas), First NJ record in Monmounth County (1995); may transmit Aedes albopictus Asian tiger mosquito insect Asia Unknown Unknown human diseases Pisidium amnicum greater European pea clam mussel Europe Unknown Unknown can grow at great densities in native range Radix auricularia big-ear radix snail Europe Unknown Unknown Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata Chinese mystery snail snail Asia Unknown Unknown Physella acuta European physa snail Europe Unknown Unknown Bithynia tentaculata mud bithynia snail Europe Unknown Unknown Records for Sussex County Page 5 of 5