Worms: A Farmer s Best Friend Goal Teach students about life cycles by learning about worms and the ways they benefit the garden and farms. Through reading literature and completing hands-on activities, the class will conduct a worm investigation and observe that the organisms (and other animals) need food, air and space to grow. NC Standards Addressed Kindergarten: English Language Arts 1.01, 2.03, 3.01, 3.02; Science 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.05, 4.01, 4.04. First: English Language Arts 2.03, 2.04, 3.01; Mathematics 2.01, 4.01, 4.02; Science 1.02, 1.03. Second: English Language Arts 2.01, 2.02, 2.06, 2.08, 4.04; Mathematics 2.01, 4.02; Science 1.01, 1.02, 1.03. NC Common Core: Kindergarten: English Language Arts RI.K.5, RI.K.6, W.K.8, RI.K.3 First: English Language Arts RL.1.1, RI.1.10; Mathematics 1.MD.1, 1.MD.4 Second: English Language Arts RL.2.1, RI.2.2, SL.2.3, SL.2.4; Mathematics 2.MD.1, 2.MD.2, 2.MD.10 Materials Supplies -Nightcrawlers or red Wiggler worms (one per student) -Worm anatomy chart -Magnifying glass (one per student) -Rulers (one per student) -Paper and pencils Books to Read Wonderful Worms by Linda Glaser An Earthworm s Life by John Himmelman Winnie Finn, Worm Farmer by Carol Brendler Earthworms by Clair Llewellyn Preparation: For this lesson you will need to purchase worms. Activities KWL Chart Start the lesson by making a KWL chart about worms with students. What do they know about worms? What do they want to know? What have they observed in the garden? After reading books about worms and completing the hands-on activities below, students will fill in what they learned on the chart. Read a Book and the Message from a Farmer Read one of the children s books to your class. Wonderful Worms, An Earthworm s Life, and Earthworms are all factual books that include lots of fun facts and interesting information about worms. Winnie Finn, Worm Farmer is a great storybook to read students as a follow up and review to the factual books. Growing Minds is a program of ASAP (Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project). 306 West Haywood Street, Asheville, NC 28801 (828) 236-1282 www.growing-minds.org
Worms: A Farmer s Best Friend Read the included message from farmer Steven about the importance of worms to your class. Worm Exploration Step one: Start the worm exploration by reviewing fun worm facts and asking the class a few questions. Worm Facts: Worms don t have lungs like you and me, but instead they breathe through their skin! Worms also don t have ears, but they feel sound through their whole bodies! Show the students the worm anatomy chart. Do people and worms have any similarities? Differences? Step two: Give each student a paper plate with a bit of dirt, one worm, a magnifying glass, and a pencil and paper to record their observations. Ask the students to look closely at their worms. Can they tell which end is the worm s head? How does the worm feel? How does it move? Encourage them to observe as much as possible about their worm, including which body parts they can identify and how many rings the worm has around its body. Now put leaves next to the worm on the plate. What does the worm do? Step three (for first and second grade): Show students the rulers and explain how to use them. Give each student a ruler and ask them to measure their worm with a ruler. Record the lengths on the board and make a table that shows how long the class worms are. Older students can tally the average length of the class worms. Step four: Record observations. Give students paper and pencils and ask students to record observations they have made. Students may illustrate their worms or write sentences about them. Step five: Complete the KWL Chart. Take up the worms and plates. Ask students to recall what they have learned about worms. Record their answers in the KWL chart. Garden Exploration (Optional) Take students to the garden. Ask them where they predict worms would live in the garden. Give students trowels and put them in groups of three. Direct the groups to different areas of the garden and have them dig and report back if they find any worms. Be sure to ask students to keep any worms they find in the garden. Areas of the garden covered with leaves or hay will have more worms because the hay and leaves are a food source and keep the soil moist. Bring the class back together for reflection. Where did the class find the most worms? Review the class predictions and see if any were correct. If they didn t see any worms at all, discuss possible reasons for the absence of worms. Make a Worm Advertisement (Optional) Advertise all the great things worms do to help plants grow in your garden! Give each student construction paper and crayons. Ask them to illustrate a worm activity that helps gardeners grow healthy plants. They can also write some of the fun worm facts around their illustration to make it clear how great worms are. Post the worm advertisements on your bulletin board. Growing Minds is a program of ASAP (Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project). 306 West Haywood Street, Asheville, NC 28801 (828) 236-1282 www.growing-minds.org
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The Anatomy of an Earthworm Anus Intestine Gizzard Crop Esophagus Setae Blood vessel Hearts Nerve cord Brain Mouth Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Transparency Masters, page 6
Worms: A Farmer s Best Friend Message From a Farmer: Steven Beltram of Balsam Gardens in Sylva, NC! Farmer Steven says: Worms are important for our garden because they help make the soil better. Worms eat leaves and old vegetable matter to make compost and a very valuable fertilizer called worm castings. Worms tunnel through the earth and let air into the soil like a tiller. There can be 50 or 100 worms per square foot in your garden, and there are thousands of different kinds of worms in the world.
setae prostomium ANTERIOR clitellum segments mouth anus POSTERIOR 0 cm 1 cm 2 cm 3 cm 4 cm 5 cm Earthworms are invertebrates they do not have backbones. Like humans, earthworms have bilateral symmetry. The prostomium, a flap that covers the mouth in some species, is a sensory device. Earthworms do not have lungs they can breathe through their skin as long as it stays moist. Because earthworms do not have teeth, they use a gizzard to grind up large pieces of food. Earthworms are hermaphrodites their bodies contain both male and female reproductive organs. hearts brain pharynx blood vessel esophagus crop gizzard digestive tract earthworms have FIVE hearts mouth blood vessel hearts nerve cord