ب س م اهلل الر ح م ن الر ح ي م LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) Topics 9 17 إ ن و إ خ و إت ه ا 1 2 إ م Or Interrogative 10 18 3 ذ و Possessing Having or 11 19 4 He/It is not ل يس 12 20 5 Comparative & Superlative إ فع ل إلت فض يل degrees 13 21 6 Numbers 11 20 14 22 7 15 23 8 16 24 1
LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 2 Revision History Date Ver Author Revision Comments Apr. 26, 2013 1 Zahid Naeem Created from Part 6 of the original notes. س سب يل إلل ه Sabilillah There are no copyrights reserved for this material. You may make copies and distribute them Fi ف ي Report any errors, omissions or suggestions to lqmississauga@gmail.com
Particle of Emphasis and Accusative Case ) إ ن )ح رف ت وك يد و ن صب surely, has many meanings, e.g. indeed, verily, truly, إ ن (إلج مل ة إلإ سم ي ة ( sentence It is only used in a nominal It is a particle of emphasis (م نص وب ( accusative of the sentence (م بت د إ ( subject It makes the The analysis of the nominal sentence changes as follows, when it إ ن contains م نص وب م رف وع The book is new إ ن إلك ت اب ج د يد إلك ت اب ج د يد Indeed, the book is new ح رف ت وك يد و ن صب إ سم إ ن خ ب ر إ ن خ ب ر م بت د إ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 3
م ائ ر م ت ص ل ة ( Pronouns with Attached إ ن ن (ض إ ن إ ن ه ه ه و إ ن ه م ا ه م ا ه م ا ه م ه م إ ن ه م ه ي ه ا إ ن ه ا ه م ا ه م ا إ ن ه م ا إ ن ه ن ه ن ه ن إ ن ك ك إ نت إ ن ك م ا ك م ا إ نت م ا إ ن ك م ك م إ نت م إ ن ك ك إ نت إ ن ك م ا ك م ا إ نت م ا إ نت ن ك ن إ ن ك ن إ ن ا ي إ ن ن ي إ ن ي إ ن ن ا إ ن ا ن ا ن حن ح رف ت وك يد و ن صب إ ن ه The pronoun ( م ير (ض is always م نص وب when it إ ن is attached to إ سم إ ن Same analysis applies to all ط ب يب خ ب ر إ ن Indeed, he is a doctor Please note the two different variations for these two pronouns LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 4
) إ خ و إت إ ن ( إ ن Sisters of Following words are called Sisters of إ ن because grammatically they act م نص وب i.e. they make the noun following them,إ ن like I hope, I fear Would that, I wish, if only As if, as though But, on the other hand, however That ل ع ل ل يت ك ا ن ل ك ن إ ن م نص وب I hope the ل ع ل إلإ مت ح ان س هل examination is easy ح رف إلت ر ج ي و إلإ شف اق إ سم ل ع ل خ ب ر ل ع ل LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 5
Or Interrogative إ م sentence. means or and is used in an interrogative إ م Is this a masjid or a house? Are you from Germany or France? إ م سج د ه ذ إ إ م ب يت إ م ن إلم ان ي ا إ نت إ م م ن ف ر نس ا This construction requires that nothing comes between إ and the first choice and between إ م and the second choice إ Choice 1 إ م Choice 2 إ إ نت ط ب يب إ م م د ر س إ ط ب يب إ نت إ م م د ر س In a non-interrogative sentence, إ و is used for or س م عت إلم د ر س I heard the teacher or the principal إ و إ لم د ي ر LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 6
إ... Quran Examples from إ م... And they say, "Are our gods best, or he?" This they set forth to thee, only by way of disputation: yea, they are a contentious people.(43:58) Have they feet to walk with? Or hands to lay hold with? Or eyes to see with? Or ears to hear with? Say: "Call your 'god-partners', scheme (your worst) against me, and give me no respite! (7:195) Say: "Is that best, or the eternal garden, promised to the righteous? for them, that is a reward as well as a goal (of attainment). (25:15) Did you mislead these, My servants, or did they [themselves] stray from the way? (25:17) و ق ال وإ إ إل ه تن ا خ ير إ م ه و م ا ض ر ب وه ل ك إ ل إ ج د ل إ ب ل ه م ق وم خ ص م ون إلزخرف: ٥٨ إ ل ه م إ رج ل ي مش ون ب ه ا إ م ل ه م إ ي د ي بط ش و ن ب ه ا إ م ل ه م إ عي ن ي بص ر ون ب ه ا إ م ل ه م إذ إن ي سم ع ون ب ه ا... إلإعرإف: ١٩٥ إلفرقان: ١٥ ق ل إ ذ ل ك خ ير إ م ج ن ة إلخ لد إل ت ي و ع د إلم ت ق ون ك ان ت ل ه م ج ز إء و م ص ير إ إ ضل لت م ع ب اد ي ه ؤ ل إ ء إ م ه م ض ل وإ إلفرقان: ١٧... إ إ نت م إلس ب يل LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 7
not is verb meaning is ل يس not is ل يس It requires a إ سم and a خ ب ر to complete the meaning. It is used in a sentence as follows: The book is new إلك ت اب ج د يد The book is not new ل يس إلك ت اب ب ج د ي د ف عل إ سم ل يس ح رف ج ر ز إئ د خ ب ر ل يس خ ب ر م بت د إ example; as seen in the above,ب usually takes an extra خ ب ر ل يس.م نص وب In this case, it will be.ب can also be without a خ ب ر ل يس ب ج د ي د The book is not new ل يس إلك ت اب ج د يد إ ف عل إ سم ل يس خ ب ر ل يس LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 8
Conjugation for ل يس Suffix ف اع ل ه و م ست ت ر ذ ه ب ل يس ه م ا إ إ ذ ه ب ا ل يس ا ه م وإ و ذ ه ب وإ ل يس وإ ه ي ت م ست ت ر ذ ه ب ت ل يس ت ه م ا ت ا إ ذ ه ب ت ا ل يس ت ا ه ن ن ن ذ ه ب ن ل س ن ل س ت ذ ه ب ت ت ت إ نت ل ست م ا ذ ه بت م ا ت م ا ت م ا إ نت م ا ل ست م ذ ه بت م ت م ت م إ نت م ل س ت ذ ه ب ت ت ت إ نت ل ست م ا ذ ه بت م ا ت م ا ت م ا إ نت م ا ل ست ن ذ ه بت ن ت ن ت ن إ نت ن ل س ت ذ ه ب ت ت ت إ ن ا ل سن ا ذ ه بن ا ن ا ن ا ن حن ل سن Starting with ه ن, the س ك ون gets a ل ك ل م ة ل يسن ل يس + ن,س ك ون already had ع ك ل م ة Since this results in إ لت ق اء إلس اك ن ين (the meeting of the two sukûn). This is not permissible in Arabic, so the week letter ي is dropped This change applies to this group LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 9
More on ل يس This can also be written as I am not a doctor ط ب ي ب ب ت ل س I am not a doctor ط ب ي ب ب إ ن ا ل س ت م بت د إ إ لج مل ة إلف عل ي ة خ ب ر ف عل إ سم ل يس ح رف ج ر ز إئ د خ ب ر ل يس This can also be written as The book is not new The book is not new إلك ت اب ل يس ب ج د ي د ل يس إلك ت اب ب ج د ي د م بت د إ إ لج مل ة إلف عل ي ة خ ب ر ف عل إ سم ل يس ح رف ج ر ز إئ د خ ب ر ل يس LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 10
Quran Examples from ل يس... إ ل ي س إلص بح ب ق ر ي ب هود: ٨١ (11:81) near? Is not the morning Is not Allah most knowing of what is within the breasts of all creatures? (29:10) Is not that [Creator] Able to give life to the dead? (75:40) O wives of the Prophet! you are not like any other of the women; (33:32) You are not a watcher over them (88:22) إ و ل ي س... إلل ه ب ا عل م ب م ا ف ي ص د ور إلع ال م ي ن إلعنكبوت: ١٠ إ ل ي س ذ ل ك ب ق اد ر ع ل ى إ ن ي حي ي إلم وت ى...... إلقيامة: ٤٠ ي ا ن س اء إلن ب ي إلإحزإب: ٣٢ ل ست ن ك ا ح د م ن إلن س ا ء ل ست إلغاشية: ٢٢ ع ل يه م ب م ص يط ر LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 11
Possessing Having or ذ و م ض اف إ ل يه, so the word following it is م ض اف is always ذ و م نص وب and م جر ور form, we will learn the م رف وع is ذ و إ نش اء إلل ه later, forms (and its other variations) can play different ذ و functions in a sentence. Here are some examples: م فر د ج مع م ذ ك ر ذ و ذ و و م ؤ ن ث ذ إت ذ و إت These are doctors having abundant wealth ح ام د ذ و ل حي ة خ ب ر و ه و م بت د إ م ض اف م ض اف إ ل يه Hamid has a beard ه ؤ ل إء إ ط ب اء ذ و و م ال خ ب ر م بت د إ ن عت و ه و م ض اف ك ث ير ن عت م ض اف إ ل يه ع ائ ش ة ط ال ب ة ذ إت ع لم خ ب ر م بت د إ ن عت و ه و م ض اف م ض اف إ ل يه ئ ك إ ول م بت د إ إلط ال ب ات ذ و إت خ ل ق خ ب ر و ه و ب د ل م ض اف م ض اف إ ل يه Those students (f.) possess manners Aisha is a student having knowledge LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 12
Qur an Examples from The Holy ذ و and Allah is the possessor of great bounty (2:105) And thy Lord is the Forgiver, Owner of mercy (18:58) The people of Noah denied before them, and [the tribe of] 'Aad and Pharaoh, the owner of stakes (38:12) إلبقرة: ١٠٥ إلكهف: ٥٨ ذ و و إلل ه... إلف ضل إلع ظ ي م إلر حم ة... ذ و و ر ب ك إلغ ف ور ك ذ ب ت ق بل ه م ق وم ن وح و ع اد و ف رع ون إلإ وت اد ص: ١٢ ذ و Therein is fruit and palm trees having sheaths [of dates] (55:11) And there will remain the Face of your Lord, Owner of Majesty and Honor. (55:27) He will [enter to] burn in a Fire of [blazing] flame (111:3) ف يه ا ف اك ه ة و إلن خل ذ إ ت إلإ كم ا م إلرحمن: ١١ و ي بق ى و جه ر ب ك ذ و إلج ل ال و إلإ كر إ م إلمسد: ٣ إلرحمن: ٢٧ ل ه ب ذ إ ت س ي صل ى ن ار إ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 13
إلت فض إلت فض يل Comparative & Superlative degrees إ فع ل Both comparative and superlative degrees in Arabic use the same word, which is on the pattern of إ فع ل (Diptote). It is the same for masculine, feminine, singular and plural. Adjective Comparative Superlative Tall Taller ط و يل Tallest إ طو ل إ طو ل Small Smaller ص غ ير Smallest إ صغ ر إ صغ ر إ جم ل Most إ جم ل More ج م يل Beautiful beautiful beautiful إ حس ن Best إ حس ن Better ح س ن Good If إ فع ل إلت فض يل is followed by م ن, the latter will be translated as than, e.g. ح ام د إ طو ل م ن ب ل ال (Hamid is taller than Bilal) If إ فع ل إلت فض يل is followed by a noun in genitive case (,(م جر ور than إ فع ل is to be translated as superlative degree, e.g. (Hamid is the ح ام د إ طو ل ط ال ب ف ي إلف صل tallest student in the class) LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 14
إلت فض إلت فض يل Quran Examples from إ فع ل And he had fruit, so he said to his companion while he was conversing with him, "I am greater than you in wealth and mightier in [numbers of] men. (18:34) Indeed in that is a sign, but most of them were not to be believers (26:8) The creation of the heavens and earth is greater than the creation of mankind, but most of the people do not know. (40:57) You will surely find the most intense of the people in animosity toward the believers [to be] the Jews (5:82) و ك ان ل ه ث م ر ف ق ال ل ص اح ب ه و ه و ي ح او ر ه إ ن ا إ كث ر م نك م ال إ وإ ع ز ن ف ر إ إلكهف: ٣٤ إ ن ف ي ذ ل ك ل إ ي ة و م ا ك ان إلشعرإء: ٨ ل خ لق إلس م او إت و إلإ رض إ كب ر و ل ك ن إ كث ر إلن اس ل إ ي عل م و ن إ كث ره م م ؤم ن ي ن م ن خ لق إلن ا س غافر: ٥٧ ل ت ج د ن... إ ش د إلن اس ع د إو ة ل ل ذ ين إ م ن وإ إلي ه و د إلمائدة: ٨٢ LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 15
Numbers 11 19 The ع د د is a م ر ك ب (compound word), made up of two parts Both parts of the compound word are (indeclinable). م بن ي.إ ثن ت ا and إ ثن ا o Exception to this rule are In genetive and accusative cases,.إ ثن ت ي andإ ثن ي they become م ؤ ن ث م عد ود م ز ك ر م عد ود إ حد ى ع شر ة ط ال ب ة إ ح د ع ش ر ط ال ب ا إ ثن ت ا ع شر ة ط ال ب ة إ ثن ا ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ث ل اث ع شر ة ط ال ب ة ث ل اث ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا إ رب ع ع شر ة ط ال ب ة إ رب ع ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا خ مس ع شر ة ط ال ب ة خ مس ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا س ت ع شر ة ط ال ب ة س ت ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا س بع ع شر ة ط ال ب ة س بع ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ث م ان ي ع شر ة ط ال ب ة ث م ان ي ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ت سع ع شر ة ط ال ب ة ت سع ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ع د د م عد ود Part 2 Part 1 ت مي يز The م عد ود is always singular and ت مي يز mansub. This is called LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 16
Gender for Numbers 11 19 م ؤ ن ث م عد ود م ز ك ر م عد ود إ حد ى ع شر ة ط ال ب ة إ ح د ع ش ر ط ال ب ا إ ثن ت ا ع شر ة ط ال ب ة إ ثن ا ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ث ل اث ع شر ة ط ال ب ة ث ل اث ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا إ رب ع ع شر ة ط ال ب ة إ رب ع ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا خ مس ع شر ة ط ال ب ة خ مس ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا س ت ع شر ة ط ال ب ة س ت ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا س بع ع شر ة ط ال ب ة س بع ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ث م ان ي ع شر ة ط ال ب ة ث م ان ي ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ت سع ع شر ة ط ال ب ة ت سع ة ع ش ر ط ال ب ا ع د د Numbers 11-12 ع د د Part 2 Part 1 Part 2 Part 1 م عد ود م عد ود Both parts of the compound word agree م عد ود with the gender of the ع د د Numbers 13-19 ع د د Part 2 Part 1 Part 2 Part 1 م عد ود م عد ود Part 1 of the compound word is opposite م عد ود in gender than that of the م عد ود Part 2 agrees with the gender of the LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 17
Twenty/Twenty - 20/20 م ؤ ن ث م عد ود م ز ك ر م عد ود ع شر ون ط ال ب ة ع شر ون ط ال ب ا ع د د The ع د د is on the same pattern as,(ج مع م ز ك ر س ال م ( plural sound masculine م سل م ون ص اب ر ون e.g. It has the same form for both. م عد ود masculine and feminine ع د د م عد ود ع د د م عد ود م عد ود The م عد ود is always singular and mansub, i.e. it is.ت مي يز This is true for 99. from numbers 11 to م عد ود LQ Mississauga Madinah Book 2 Notes (v. 1) 18