«DO160/ED14» - Jessica France

Training Workshop «DO160/ED14» - Jessica France DO160/ED14 Specificities of Mechanical and Climatic aspects Edouard ZUNDEL Systems Qualification Engineer for Mechanical and Climatic aspects 1

The reference standard Climatic environment Section 4 Temperature and Altitude Section 5 Temperature Variation Section 6 Humidity Section 24 Icing General section Section 1 Purpose and Applicability Section 2 Definition of Terms - General Section 3 Condition of Tests Contaminant environment Section 10 Waterproofness Section 11 Fluids Susceptibility Section 12 Sand and Dust Section 13 Fungus Resistance Section 14 Salt Spray Mechanical environment Section 7 Operational Shocks and Crash Safety Section 8 Vibration Electromagnetic environment Section 15 Magnetic Effect Section 18 Audio Frequency Conducted Susceptibility - Power Inputs Section 19 Induced Signal Susceptibility Section 20 Radio Frequency Susceptibility (Radiated and Conducted) Section 21 Emission of Radio Frequency Energy Section 22 Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility Section 25 Electrostatic Discharge Destructive environment Section 9 Explosion Proofness Section 26 Fire, Flammability Section 23 Lightning Direct Effects (Not presented) Power Input Section 16 Power Input Section 17 Voltage Spike 2

Climatic Conditions Section 4 : Temperature and Altitude Section 5 : Temperature Variation Section 6 : Humidity Section 24 : Icing 3

Definitions of aircraft zoning Climatic Conditions 1) External Zone : Area in contact with outside air 2) Internal zone : 2-1) Not environmentally protected (not pressurised, not temperature controlled) 2-1) Environmentally protected (pressurised) A) partially temperature controlled B) totally temperature controlled Cockpit Cabin Cargo Landing Gear bay Avionics bay 4

Sections 4 & 5 : Temperature and Altitude, Temperature Variation FAL Sealing test Ground Storage Start-Up Take-Off Flight Cruise Accidental Depressuri zation Overpressure Ground Survival Temperatures Short time operating Temperatures Temperature Variation Operating Temperatures Loss of cooling Steady-State Altitude Decompression 5

Section 4 : Temperature and Altitude Environmental Envelope pressure altitude (ft t) 45000 Flight limits 40000 Take-off & Landing limits 35000 ISA 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0-5000 -90-80 -70-60 -50-40 -30-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 OAT ( C) 6

Categories Section 4 : Temperature and Altitude Max. Operating Altitude 70,000fts 55,000fts 50,000fts 35,000fts 25,000fts 15,000fts E1 E2 F1 F2 F3 D1 D2 D3 C1 C2 C3 C4 B1 B2 B3 B4 A1 A2 A3 & A4 Controlled Not Controlled Power Plant Compartment Customized T T Control 7

Section 4 : Temperature and Altitude Low Temperature test procedure 8

Section 4 : Temperature and Altitude Loss of Cooling Categories Category V 30 minutes Category W Category P Category Y Category Z 90 minutes 180 minutes 300 minutes As specified T depends on T category 9

Section 5 : Temperature Variation Airbus Categories no T >10 C/min? yes Location? known T? Temperature Controlled Internal Section Partially or Not Temperature Controlled Cat. AC Cat. B 2 C/min 5 C/min External Section Cat. AC 10 C/min yes Cat. S1 no Cat. S2 10

Section 6 : Humidity Location? Internal Section External Section yes Cat. A Standard Humidity Environment Environmentally Controlled? no Cat. B Severe Humidity Environment Cat. C External Humidity Environment 11

Section 24: Icing Applicability Only to equipment likely to be exposed to icing conditions, mainly the external equipment Categories Category A Category B Category C Risk of formation of ice or frost due to condensation Equipment with mobile parts Risk of ice build-up due to direct water exposure on cold surfaces 12

Mechanical Conditions Section 7: Operational Shocks and Crash Safety Section 8: Vibration 14

Section 7: Operational Shocks and Crash Safety 15

Section 7: Operational Shocks and Crash Safety Equipment category and applicability Heavy Equipment Emergency equipment Crash safety test is applicable Category B or E Equipment mounted in cockpit and cabin Equipment mounted in fuel areas All pieces of equipment Operational shock test is applicable Category A or D 16

Section 7: Operational Shocks and Crash Safety Test procedure and test levels. Heavy Equipment Emergency equipment + Equipment mounted in fuel areas Equipment mounted in cockpit and cabin All pieces of equipment Acceleration level : 20g Acceleration level : 6g 17

Section 8: Vibrations Hydraulic Pump Electric motor pump 18

Section 8: Vibrations Test categories Fixed Wing A/C A/C Type? Helicopter Standard Vibration Category S Robust vibration Category R Test levels (Applicable Curve) Abnormal Vibration Category H or Z Turbojet Turbofan Turboprop Fuselage support wing pylon Known rotor frequencies Category R Engine nacelle Robust vibration Landing Gear Unknown rotor frequencies Category U or U2 Empennage Fin 19

Turbofan Engine Section 8: Vibrations Fuselage, wing, pylon Engine, Landing Gear, Standard Duration : 1H Robust Test levels *2 Duration : 3H Abnormal Duration : 24mn 30 mn resonance dwell 20

Helicopter EUROCAE ED14 / RTCA DO160 Section 8: Vibrations Known helicopter frequencies Alternate vibration test for unknown helicopter frequencies Performance Duration : 30 mn Endurance : Duration : 2 to 4 H Higher level 30 mn resonance dwell Higher level 21

Section 8: Vibrations Turbo propeller Aircraft Standard Duration : 1h 22 Robust Not defined

Section 8: Vibrations Vibration test procedure Pre-Resonance search - 3 axis Standard or random vibration test Equipment under test A/C installation? Test fixture (support, attachment, ) Post-Resonance search - 3 axis 3 axis 23

Contaminant Environment Section 10: Waterproofness Section 11: Fluids Susceptibility Section 12: Sand and Dust Section 13: Fungus Resistance Section 14: Salt fog 25

Section 10: Waterproofness Type of exposure? Condensation on/in Falling Driving Spraying equipment Condensation Rain water Cat. Y Cat. W Cat. R Cat. S Internal zone Internal zone External zone close to a gate 26

Section 11: Fluids susceptibility One alone category F Applicable to all equipment Applicable types of fluids depend on the equipment location 27

Section 12: Sand and Dust Location? Intentionally Protected Category D Blowing Dust Internal zone Not Protected Category S Blowing Sand and Dust Internal zone External close to a gate zone 28

Section 13: Fungus Resistance One alone category F Applicable to all equipment 29

Section 14: Salt Fog Equipment in contact with exterior air? yes no Type of exposure? N/A Rare seafront deployment Cat. S Worldwide deployment Cat. T Airbus categories 30

Destructive Environment Section 9: Explosive atmosphere Section 26: Fire, Flammability 32

Section 9: Explosive Atmosphere Explosive atmosphere 33

Section 9: Explosive Atmosphere Equipment category and applicability Equipment category Requirements and Tests Cat. A: Equipment designed so as ignition of explosive mixture is contained within it. Cat. E: Equipment not designed to prevent flame and explosion propagation Cat. H: Equipment designed to be nonspark producing under normal operating conditions. Containment test 9.6.1 or hermitically sealed case. Surface temperature test 9.6.3. Non ignition test of 9.6.2. Surface temperature test 9.6.3 (non spark producing equipment or hermitically sealed) 34

Section 9: Explosive Atmosphere Equipment category and applicability A/C Zone Method definition Failure conditions I II III IV aircraft area in which uncovered flammable fluids or vapors exist, or can exist, either continuously or intermittently aircraft area in which flammable mixtures can be expected to occur only as a result of a single fault-causing spillage or leakage. aircraft area in which flammable mixtures cannot be expected to occur as a result of a single fault-causing spillage or leakage. Fire zone or aircraft area in which flammable mixtures cannot be expected to occur as a result of a double fault-causing spillage or leakage. Double failure conditions need to be considered Only equipment single failure shall be considered Only nominal operation need to be considered No requirement 35

Section 9: Explosive Atmosphere Test Procedure Surface temperature test Non ignition test Containment test Hot spot measurement Temperature < 204 C Explosive atmosphere Equipment powered in test chamber No explosion of the main chamber Explosive atmosphere Equipment burst in test chamber No explosion of the main chamber 36

Section 26: Fire, Flammability Equipment mounted in fire areas Applicable to: Fire detection and fire extinction Means to isolate the engine (valves) In order to: Avoid fire propagation Avoid leakage of flammable fluids 37

Section 26: Fire, Flammability Equipment mounted in pressurised areas Avoid fire propagation 38

Section 26 Categories Section 26: Fire, Flammability Cat A Fireproof Cat B Fire resistant Category C: Flammability Equipment which must function during the first five minutes of fire and which must keep its safety functions for at least fifteen minutes Equipment which must function or not cause a hazardous condition during the five first minutes of fire without structural degradation Enclosures housing electronics and non metallic material, component parts, sub assemblies installed in pressurized or nonpressurized zones and non fire zones 39

Category C Exemption Section 26: Fire, Flammability Testing is not necessary on enclosures housing electronic or nonmetallic material if: The enclosures is constructed of metal on all sides, and has no vent holes The enclosures is constructed glass polycarbonate(display) that has met the 12 second vertical test, and of metal on all other sides and has no vent holes. Small Parts Small parts exemption does not apply to wire and cable. Small parts exemption does not apply to multiple small parts located in same proximity Fits inside a 76.2 mm x 76.2 mm x 12.7 mm (3 x 3 x.5 ) Box Or 50.8 mm x 50.8 mm x 50.8 mm (2 x 2 x 2 ) Box without bending of the part Sphere : Diameter Smaller than 6.35 mm (0.25 ) (drop of thread lock or Nycote) Lacing/tape : Smaller than 101.6 mm (long) x 2.286 mm (diam) (4 x.09 ) label &/or adhesive : Smaller than 50.8 mm x 76.2 mm x 1.178 mm (2 x 3 x.07 ) 40

Category C test methods Section 26: Fire, Flammability The following table defines which test shall be applied to demonstrate that the equipment complies with flammability requirements: Components All materials other than rubber or elastomer parts, wire and cable Rubber or elastomer parts Wire and cable Method Vertical 12 second bunsen burner test Horizontal bunsen burner test 60 degree bunsen burner test 41

The reference standard Climatic environment Section 4 Temperature and Altitude Section 5 Temperature Variation Section 6 Humidity Section 24 Icing General section Section 1 Purpose and Applicability Section 2 Definition of Terms - General Section 3 Condition of Tests Contaminant environment Section 10 Waterproofness Section 11 Fluids Susceptibility Section 12 Sand and Dust Section 13 Fungus Resistance Section 14 Salt Spray Mechanical environment Section 7 Operational Shocks and Crash Safety Section 8 Vibration Electromagnetic environment Section 15 Magnetic Effect Section 18 Audio Frequency Conducted Susceptibility - Power Inputs Section 19 Induced Signal Susceptibility Section 20 Radio Frequency Susceptibility (Radiated and Conducted) Section 21 Emission of Radio Frequency Energy Section 22 Lightning Induced Transient Susceptibility Section 25 Electrostatic Discharge Destructive environment Section 9 Explosion Proofness Section 26 Fire, Flammability Section 23 Lightning Direct Effects Power Input Section 16 Power Input Section 17 Voltage Spike 42