DEVELOPMENTS IN RUBBER TECHNOLOGY-4

DEVELOPMENTS IN RUBBER TECHNOLOGY-4

CONTENTS OF VOLUMES 2 and 3 Volume 2: Synthetic Ruhbers 1. Trends in the Usage of Rubbery Materials. J. A. BRYDSON 2. Styrene-Butadiene Rubber. J. A. BRYDSON 3. Developments in Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber (NBR) and Future Prospects. H. H. BERTRAM 4. Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers. L. CORBELLI 5. Developments with Polychloroprene. J. C. BAMENT and J. G. PILLOW 6. Butyl and Halogenated Butyl Rubbers. W. D. GUNTER 7. Silicone Rubbers. R. J. CUSH and H. W. WINNAN 8. Synthetic Polyisoprene Rubbers. M. J. SHlJTILEWORTII and A. A. WATSON Index Volume 3: Thermoplastic Rubbers 1. Thermoplastic Rubbers-An Introductory Review. J. A. BRYDSON 2. Ethylene-Propylene Rubber-Polypropylene Blends. R. RANALLI 3. Styrenic Block Copolymers. F. MiSTRALI and A. PRONI 4. Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. G. W. GILBY 5. Thermoplastic Polyurethanes. D. J. HARRop 6. Polyester Elastomers. I. R. LLOYD 7. Natural Rubber Systems. D. J. ELLIOTT Index

DEVELOPMENTS IN RUBBER TECHNOLOGY 4 Edited by A. WHELAN and K. S. LEE London School of Polymer Technology (formerly National College of Rubber Technology), Holloway, London, UK ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDON and NEW YORK

ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG 11 8JU, England Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISIDNG CO., INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA WITH 91 TABLES AND 113 ILLUSTRATIONS ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1987 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Developments in rubber technology. - 4 1. Elastomers 2. Rubber 678 TS1925 The Library of Congress has cataloged this work as follows: Developments in rubber technology. -1-- Science Publishers, 1979- London: Applied v.: ill.; 23 cm. - (Developments series) ISSN 0262-1584 = Developments in rubber technology. 1. Rubber-Collected works. 2. Rubber, Artificial-Collected works. I. Series. [DNAL: 1. Rubber industryap.d trade:-:",periodicals] TS1870.D49 678'.2'05--dCl9 84-644558 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-8037-8 e-isbn-13: 978-94-009-3435-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-3435-1 The selection and presentation of material and the opinions expressed are the sole responsibility of the author(s) concerned. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCe), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, induding photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

PREFACE This volume, the fourth in a series which began in 1979, covers a greater variety of subjects than any previous single volume. The basis of selection has been topical interest; hence the tailor-making of polymers to develop specific properties, methods of improving compound processability and the use of rubbers in the oil industry are featured alongside a discussion of safety aspects. We have again sought the cooperation of the foremost authorities on the chosen subjects and have been delighted at the response which has yielded a list of authors of international repute. A.w. K.S.L.

CONTENTS Preface List of Contributors v ix 1. Recent Developments in Synthetic Rubbers by Anionic Polymerization 1 I. G. HARGIS, R. A. LIVIGNI and S. L. AGGARWAL 2. Advances in Nitrile Rubber (NBR) 57 P. W. MILNER 3. Epoxidized Natural Rubber. 87 C. S. L. BAKER and I. R. GELLING 4. Process Aids and Plasticizers. 119 B. G. CROWTHER 5. A Review of Elastomers Used for Oilfield Sealing Environments. 159 W. N. K. REVOLTA and G. C. SWEET 6. Using Modern Mill Room Equipment. 193 H. ELLWOOD 7. Quality Requirements and Rubber Mixing. 221 P. S. JOHNSON 8. Health and Safety.. 253 B. G. WILLOUGHBY Index vii. 307

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS s. L. AGGARWAL Gen Corp, Research Division, 2990 Gilchrist Road, Akron, Ohio 44305, USA C. S. L. BAKER Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association, Tun Abdul Razak Laboratory, Brickendonbury, Hertford SG13 8NL, UK B. G. CROWTHER Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association, Tun Abdul Razak Laboratory, Brickendonbury, Hertford SG13 8NL, UK H. ELLWOOD Farrel Bridge Ltd, Queensway, Castleton, PO Box 27, Rochdale, Lancashire OLll 2PF, UK I. R. GELLING Malaysian Rubber Producers' Research Association, Tun Abdul Razak Laboratory, Brickendonbury, Hertford SG13 8NL, UK I. G. HARGIS GenCorp, Research Division, 2990 Gilchrist Road, Akron, Ohio 44305, USA ix

x LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS P. S. JOHNSON Polysar Ltd, Sarnia, Ontario N7V 7Ul, Canada R. A. LIVIGNI GenCorp, Research Division, 2990 Gilchrist Road, Akron, Ohio 44305, USA P. W. MILNER Compagnie Franfaise Goodyear, Avenue des Tropiques, ZA Courtaboeuf, BP 31, 91941 Les Ulis Cedex, France W. N. K. REVOLTA Du Pont (UK) Ltd, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP27DP, UK G. C. SWEET Du Pont (UK) Ltd, Maylands Avenue, Hemel Hempstead, Herts HP27DP, UK B. G. WILLOUGHBY Rapra Technology Ltd, Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire SY4 4NR, UK