COLUMBIA RIVER SALMON AND STEELHEAD HARVEST 198 TO 26 by John McKern for The Columbia-Snake River Irrigators Association
COLUMBIA RIVER SALMON AND STEELHEAD HARVEST 198 THROUGH 26 By John McKern FISH PASSAGE SOLUTIONS 1. This report was prepared for the Columbia-Snake River Irrigators Association to review the harvest of Columbia River salmon and steelhead. For comparative purposes, the period selected was from 198 (the year the Northwest Power Planning and Conservation Act passed) through 26. The primary source of data was the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife/Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Joint Staff Columbia River Fisheries Reports at http://www.dfw.state.or.us/oscrp/crm/reports.html). Additional information was obtained from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game technical library at (https://research.idfg.idaho.gov/fisheries%2research%2reports/forms/show%2all%2 Reports.aspx), by personal communication from the Oregon and Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, and from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game. Many of the Joint Staff reports are special purpose reports containing information aimed at the fishing public or at fishery management committees. They often did not list information in the manner needed for this report so data had to be accumulated and summarized to produce the data used herein. Occasionally, reports did contain summarized data for given states, the mainstem, or the mainstem and tributaries. In such cases, that data could be used, but the data did not always jibe with data from individual year reports or data accumulated from periodic reports published by the agencies. Data used are found in the Appendix. 2. There are six species of Pacific salmon and steelhead that return to the Columbia River: Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tsawytshca) Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Chinook and coho are typically targeted for non-indian commercial and sport fisheries as well as Indian commercial and ceremonial and subsistence (C&S) fisheries. Chinook and coho support significant sport fisheries in the lower River, and Chinook support sport fisheries in upper reaches of the Columbia and in the Snake River Basin in Idaho. Sockeye numbers are usually too low to allow harvest, and Snake River sockeye are listed as an endangered species. Sockeye are pursued in Indian C&S fisheries and may be sold when returns are higher. Chum and pink salmon typically spawn in the lower river or lower ends of tributaries, with numbers too low to permit harvest. Chum salmon are also listed under the Endangered Species Act though pink salmon which are extremely low in numbers are not. Commercial harvest of steelhead by non-indians has been prohibited since 1974 but steelhead are sold over the bank by Indian fishers. Steelhead support significant sport fisheries in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Page 1
3. Data by species are often reported in several segmented ways. For example, steelhead are divided into winter and summer steelhead, with hatchery and wild stocks of each. Summer steelhead are further divided into A and B runs with hatchery and wild stocks of each. Spring Chinook are typically reported only as wild and hatchery stocks, although they are divided into downriver and upriver stocks, or in the case of the Willamette River, into separate tributary stocks. Summer Chinook are predominantly hatchery fish from the Snake River, but they are largely wild fish from the Columbia River supported by the prolific Hanford Reach stock between Priest Rapids Dam and McNary Reservoir. Fall Chinook are divided into upriver brights (URBs) and lower river Tules with wild and hatchery stocks of each. Mid-Columbia URBs are estimated separate from other URBs, and Bonneville Reservoir hatchery stocks are estimated separate from other Tule stocks. Coho are divided into early hatchery and wild stocks typically destined for hatcheries or tributaries east the Willamette River while late hatchery and wild stock coho typically return to hatcheries and tributaries west of the Willamette. Data for these various stocks and races were consolidated insofar as possible to give a comprehensive view of the status of the runs and fisheries thereon. Total returns to the Columbia River for Chinook, coho, steelhead, sockeye, and chum (the Joint Staff reports did not include pink salmon) are shown in Figure 1 and reported in Appendix Table 1. 3,5, 3,, 2,5, 2,, 1,5, 1,, 5, 198 199 2 25 CHUM SOCKEYE STEELHEAD COHO CHINOOK Figure 1: Total returns of Chinook, coho, sockeye, and chum salmon and steelhead to the Columbia River 198 to 26(Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). Note: Chum numbers are so low they barely show on the graph around -1997 and 23-25. 4. The Chinook, coho, and steelhead are more important for commercial and sport harvest than the sockeye, chum, and pink salmon. Few pink salmon return to the river, and like the chum salmon, typically only to the lower river below Bonneville Dam although pink salmon have been reported as far inland as the Tucannon River in southeastern Washington. Pink salmon were not reported in the documents reviewed. Chum salmon have made a significant Page 2
come-back in recent years, presumably in response to intensive management of flows below Bonneville Dam to protect their spawning areas. Nonetheless, chum harvest is incidental to harvest of more plentiful species. While sockeye runs were strong during a stretch in the 198s, in recent years they have been marginal and no targeted fishery for them has occurred. Commercial harvest of steelhead by non-indians ended in 1974, though Indians are still allowed to sell them. Typically tens to hundreds of thousands of chinook, coho, and steelhead are harvested each year, while tens to hundreds of sockeye and chum are harvested, and then only sporadically. While combined species harvest was reviewed, it was most illustrative to separate the species and look at them individually. 5. Three runs of Chinook enter the Columbia. Spring Chinook migrate farther upstream with main segments of the runs found in the Willamette, Snake, and upper Columbia and their tributaries. In most cases, the strength of the run is strongly dependent on hatchery production with the strongest run in the Willamette Basin. Summer Chinook are strongest in the Snake River and mid Columbia River below Chief Joseph Dam. Again, hatcheries play a strong part in the strength of the run. Fall Chinook are divided into lower river Tule Chinook and URB Chinook. Most lower river Tules are hatchery products. Many URB Chinook are hatchery products, except for the main natural production area, the free flowing Hanford Reach between Richland, WA and Priest Rapids Dam. 6. For the purpose of this report, harvest information is from the main stem Columbia except for steelhead, which includes all tributaries, especially in Idaho. Select area fisheries have also been established, starting in 1992 in Young s Bay near the mouth of the Columbia. Four areas are now managed for commercial fisheries augmentation at Young s Bay, Blind Slough, and Tongue Point on the Oregon side and Deep River on the Washington side of the river. For these fisheries, Chinook salmon are transported from hatcheries to net pens in the estuary, reared for a period of time, and released for a short migration to the ocean. As adults, they return to the net pen areas and support mostly commercial but also limited recreational fisheries with little impact on the listed runs migrating further up the river. Commercial catch has ranged up to 1, fish and sport catch up to 1,+ fish per year of the experiment. 7. While some main stem commercial fisheries occur on the spring Chinook, the catch has been relatively small in recent years compared with the somewhat larger catch of summer Chinook and the considerably larger catch of fall Chinook. The non-indian commercial, non-indian sport and Indian catch of Chinook are compared with the total return to the river in Figure 2. The total return to the river includes fish returning to tributaries and special area fisheries below Bonneville Dam. Returns over Bonneville Dam are shown in Appendix Table 2. The non-indian commercial fisheries include fish caught in Zones 1 through 5, which are subdivided areas from the mouth of the river to Bonneville Dam. The Indian fishery includes fish caught and reported as commercial catch in the joint ODFW/WDFW reports. Ceremonial and subsistence catch reporting is sporadic and incomplete. Therefore, C&S catch was lumped with Indian commercial catch for most analyses. Note that this chart shows less than half of the fish entering the river being harvested by all means. Historically, this was not the case. Beginning in the 186s, up to 9% of some runs were harvested in the lower river commercial fishery and as late as the 197s, combined ocean and lower river fisheries took over 75% of the fall Chinook runs. Page 3
2,, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 198 199 2 25 NI COMM NI SPORT IND COMM RETURN Figure 2: Non-Indian commercial and sport catch, and Indian commercial catch of Columbia River Chinook salmon compared with the total Columbia River return of Chinook salmon 198 through 25 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 8. Non-Indian commercial(appendix Table 3), non-indian sport (Appendix Table 4), and total Indian Chinook catch (Appendix Table 5) are compared in Figure 3 (WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). Indian commercial and Indian C&S catch are presented in Appendix Tables 6 and 7, but because C&S catch statistics were incomplete, total catch was used for comparison. A number of factors apportioned the catch, chief among them the treaties of the mid-185s that set aside reservations for the various tribes. Those treaties typically provided for the tribes at harvest fish of the streams on their reservation, and to fish in common with the non-indians in the accustomed fishing areas off the reservation. Legal decisions that followed (the Boldt Decision, the Belloni Decision, the US v Oregon decision, and others) gave the Indians co-equal management of the fish, and re-apportioned harvest. As currently managed, non-indian commercial harvesters, who took the lion s share in the late 18s and early to mid 19s, now take the smaller share, followed by non-indian sport harvesters, and the Indians take the largest share of Chinook harvest in the Columbia Basin (apportionment is markedly different in the ocean before the salmon enter the Columbia Basin with commercial harvest and sport harvest taking smaller shares of the spring and summer Chinook and far more fall Chinook than are harvested in freshwater). Page 4
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 198 199 2 25 NI COMMERCIAL NI SPORT IND COMMERCIAL Figure 3: Non-Indian commercial and sport catch compared to Indian commercial catch of Chinook salmon in the Columbia Basin, 198 through 25 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports).. 9. Indian salmon and steelhead harvest have increased markedly since the 197s (Appendix Table 5, Figure 4). Chinook followed by steelhead, sockeye, coho, and chum (too few to show up on the chart) comprised the catch. In the late 198s, an upsurge in sockeye runs allowed Indian fishers to take a significant harvest, and in addition to C&S use, substantial numbers of sockeye were sold over the bank. As indicated, Chinook (primarily fall Chinook) have been the mainstay of the Indian catch in most years. For ceremonial and subsistence purposes, spring Chinook play an important role, as do sockeye. The ODFW/WDFW Joint Staff noted that beginning in, Indians were selling more fish over-the-bank to the public at various locations along the river. As there were no records of these sales, they were not included in the Indian commercial catch reported. An interesting note is that unaccounted for fish were attributed in some reports to dam-caused mortality, whereas in the Fraser River system, the BC Department of Fisheries and Oceans has attributed unaccounted for losses to un-reported First Nations fisheries. Page 5
INDIAN SALMON AND STEELHEAD HARVEST 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 198 199 2 25 CHINOOK COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE Figure 4. Indian salmon and steelhead harvest in the Columbia Basin from 198 through 26 (except chum too few to show) (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 1. Looking at the Indian Chinook catch by itself, since 198, most of the catch has been fall Chinook (Figure 6). However, since 2, strong increases in spring and summer Chinook have allowed increased harvest of those races too. Page 6
TOTAL INDIAN CHINOOK HARVEST 18, 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 198 199 2 25 SPRING SUMMER FALL Figure 5. Total Indian spring, summer and fall Chinook salmon harvest reported for the Columbia Basin, 198 through 25 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 11. In the 197s when legal actions curtailed non-indian commercial harvest in the lower river, Indian harvest increased to take fish allowed to pass above Bonneville Dam. As indicated by Figure 5, there has been a trend of increasing fall chinook harvest as well as the recent increase in spring and summer Chinook harvest (Figure 6). 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 198 199 2 25 FACH Linear (FACH) Figure 6: Indian harvest of fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia Basin, 198 through 25 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). Page 7
12. Compared at the same scale, total fall Chinook harvest divided into non-indian commercial harvest, non-indian sport harvest, and Indian harvest shows that recent apportionment has reduced the non-indian shares and increased the Indian shares of fall Chinook harvest (Figure 7). TOTAL FALL CHINOOK HARVEST NON-INDIAN SPORT FALL CHINOOK HARVEST 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 198 199 2 25 198 19 85 199 2 25 NON-INDIAN COMMERCIAL FALL CHINOOK HARVEST INDIAN COMMERCIAL FALL CHNIOOK HARVEST 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 198 19 85 199 19 95 2 2 5 45, 4, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 198 199 2 25 Figure 7: Total fall chinook harvest showing the division of non-indian commercial, non-indian sport, and Indian harvest at the same scale (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 13. The total coho return to the Columbia River has fluctuated from less than 2, to over 1,5, since 198 with major peaks in 1986 and 21. Non-Indian commercial harvest has followed the fluctuation of the run closely, harvesting as little as 7 percent and as much as 65% of the run depending on the estimated abundance and the seasons set by the harvest management agencies. Non-Indian commercial fisheries take the largest share followed by non-indian sport fisheries (Appendix Table 8). Indian catch is limited because the majority of coho are produced at hatcheries below Bonneville Dam, and non-indian commercial and sport catch significantly reduce the runs before they enter the Zone 6 Indian fishing area. All forms of harvest are compared at the same scale with the total return in Figure 7. Indian harvest is expanded separately at a reduced scale in Figure 8 to illustrate how the harvest has fluctuated. Page 8
TOTAL COHO RETURN TO COLUMBIA NON-INDIAN COMMERCIAL COHO HARVEST 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 198 199 2 25 198 199 2 25 NON-INDIAN SPORT COHO HARVEST TOTAL INDIAN COHO HARVEST 1,8,. 1,6,. 1,4,. 1,2,. 1,,. 8,. 6,. 4,. 2,.. 1,8, 1,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, 198 199 2 25 198 199 2 25 Figure 8. Total coho, non-indian commercial coho harvest, non-indian sport coho harvest, and Indian coho harvest all shown at the same scale (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). TOTAL INDIAN COHO HARVEST 2, 15, 1, 5, 198 199 2 25 Figure 9. Indian coho harvest, 198 through 26) from Figure 8, scale reduced to illustrate magnitude of catch. Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). Page 9
14. Idaho steelhead sport harvest data since 1964 was available from the Idaho Department of Fish and Game (Appendix Table 9). As shown in Figure 1, harvest declined in the 197s, and reached it nadir in 1976 when no harvest was allowed. Then, in response to Lower Snake River Fish and Wildlife Compensation Plan hatcheries coming into production, initiation of the Juvenile Fish Transportation Program, and improvements in dam passage and survival with improved juvenile fish screens and bypass facilities, the steelhead runs and harvest began to rebound in the mid-198s. A drought period that began in the mid-197s ended in, and ocean conditions improved in the late 199s and early 2s. 12 IDAHO STEELHEAD SPORT HARVEST 1964 TO 26 1 8 6 4 2 197 198 199 2 25 IDAHO STEELHEAD HARVEST Linear (IDAHO STEELHEAD HARVEST) Figure 1. Idaho sport harvest on steelhead from 1964 through 25 (Source: Idaho Department of Fish and Game). 15. The commercial sale of non-indian caught steelhead ended in 1974. However, Indian caught steelhead continued to be used for ceremonial and subsistence purposes, and over-thebank sales of steelhead increased in the late 198s and 199s, and decreased since the ESA listings in the mid 199s. State sport harvest of steelhead has had an upward trend in Washington and Idaho in recent years while Oregon harvests were probably supported by lower tributary catches in the 198s therefore do not exhibit the marked increase seen in the other two states. Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Indian steelhead harvest (Appendix Table 1) are compared at the same scale in Figure 11. Page 1
OREGON SPORT STEELHEAD CATCH IDAHO SPORT STEELHEAD CATCH 12 12 1 1 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 198 199 2 25 198 199 2 25 WASHINGTON SPORT STEELHEAD CATCH TOTAL INDIAN STEELHEAD CATCH 12 12 1 1 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 198 199 2 25 198 199 2 25 Figure 11: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Indian steelhead harvest from 198 through 25 compared at the same scale (Sources: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Idaho Department of Fish and Game). 16. Since the Endangered Species Act listing of several of the Columbia Basin salmon evolutionarily significant units, the Joint Staff reports have included analysis of the fate of many of the species. The fates of Snake River wild spring Chinook are illustrated in Figure 12 (Appendix Table 11). Non-Indian and Indian catch are restricted by US V Oregon harvest regulations. Unaccounted losses are attributed to dam passage by the Joint Staffs, however, similar unaccounted losses occur with Fraser River, BC, runs of salmon where the Department of Fisheries and Oceans attributes them to un-reported harvest by First Nations fishers. Fates of upper Columbia River wild spring Chinook are illustrated in Figure 13 (Appendix Table 12). The more constant take by Indian fishers may reflect the Colville tribal fisheries at the base of Chief Joseph Dam. Page 11
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 198 199 2 25 NI CATCH IND CATCH UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT Figure 12: Fate of up-river wild spring Chinook destined for the Snake River, 198 to 26 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 12 1 8 6 4 2 198 199 2 25 NI CATCH IND CATCH UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT Figure 13: Fate of up-river wild spring Chinook destined for the upper Columbia River, 198 to 26 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 17. Summer Chinook destined for the upper Snake River have sustained very little harvest over the period reviewed (Figure 14) (Appendix Table 13). Page 12
14, 12, 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, 198 1984 1988 1992 1996 2 NI CATCH IND CATCH UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT Figure 14: Fate of up-river wild summer Chinook destined for the Snake River, 198 to 26 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 18. In addition to non-indian and Indian harvest, which took a higher proportion of wild Snake River fall Chinook in the 198s, brood stock for Lyons Ferry Fall Chinook hatchery were captured at Ice Harbor Dam and transported to the hatchery in the late 198s (shown in yellow in Figure 15)(Appendix Table 14). Page 13
6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1986 1988 199 1992 1994 1996 1998 2 NI CATCH IND CATCH LYONS FY BROOD UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT Figure 15: Fate of up-river wild fall Chinook destined for the Snake River, 198 to 26 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 19. The fate of Snake River sockeye was also estimated in the Joint Staff reports. Note that in the first two years of the graph, negative escapement is indicated. During those two years, more fish were counted in the up-river areas that were estimated to have returned to the river (see Appendix Table 15). Page 14
4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5-5 -1 198 199 2 NI CATCH IND CATCH UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT Figure 16: Fate Snake River sockeye, 198 to 26 (Source: WDFW/ODFW Joint Staff Reports). 2. Conclusion: Harvest of Columbia River salmon and steelhead fluctuates widely from year to year. However, trends have generally been upward since the inception of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council s fish and wildlife program. More and more evidence has come to light that ocean survival plays a greater part in adult returns than freshwater survival of the juvenile salmon. Nonetheless, improvements in habitat and dam passage have contributed to the general increase in the adult returns. The increase has allowed more harvest by non-indian sport and commercial fishers, and by Indian fishers for commercial and ceremonial and subsistence purposes. Finer control of fishing by non Indian and Indian fishers alike has resulted in increased escapement into the spawning areas and to hatcheries in the Columbia Basin. Page 15
References: IEAB. January 25. Economic Effects from Columbia River Basin Anadromous Salmonid Fish Production. Document IEAB 25-1, Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Portland, OR. ISAB. 25. Report on Harvest Management of Columbia Basin Salmon and Steelhead. Document ISAB 25-4. Report to the Northwest Power and Conservation Council. Portland, OR. http://www.nwcouncil.org/library/isab/25-4/isab25-4.pdf Joint Staff Report Concerning the 2 to 26 Fall In-River Commercial Harvest of Columbia River Fall Chinook, Summer Steelhead, Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sturgeon, ODFW/WDFW Joint Staff Report Concerning the 26 Fall In-River Commercial Harvest of Columbia River Fall Chinook, Summer Steelhead, Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sturgeon, ODFW/WDFW Status Report, Columbia River Fish Runs and Fisheries, 1938 to 22 (Tables Only), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Wildlife http://www.dfw.state.or.us/oscrp/crm/reports/status_report/22_status_tables.pdf 27 Joint Staff Report: Stock Status and Fisheries for Spring Chinook, Sockeye, Steelhead and other species and Miscellaneous Regulations, ODFW/WDFW 27 Joint Staff Report: Stock Status and Fisheries for Fall Chinook Salmon, Coho Salmon, Chum Salmon, Summer Steelhead, and White Sturgeon, Joint Columbia River Management Staff, ODFW/WDFW. PACFIN. 25. North American Wild Salmon Fisheries. http://www.worldwildlife.org/trade/pubs/salmon/salmonreport_ch_3.pdf Personal Communication, Jimmy Watts, ODFW, Jimmy.W.Watts@state.or.us Personal Communication, WDFW. Personal Communication. IDFG Status Report, Columbia River Fish Runs and Fisheries, 1938 to 22 (Tables Only), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Wildlife http://www.dfw.state.or.us/oscrp/crm/reports/status_report/22_status_tables.pdf US Army Corps of Engineers. 26. Annual Fish Passage Report. Portland District, US Army Corps of Engineers. Page 16
COLUMBIA RIVER SALMON AND STEELHEAD HARVEST 198 THROUGH 26 APPENDIX TABLES
TABLE 1: TOTAL ESTIMATED SALMONID RETURN TO THE COLUMBIA RIVER - 198 TO 26 CHINOOK SALMON COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE CHUM TOTAL YEAR SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL WINTER SUMMER TOTAL SALMONDS 198 1261 22991 3193 469391 316 86 1774 258 58886 5 1933 1981 1574 19124 2789 455424 173 67 2177 2847 5637 15 9762 1982 1814 14677 3631 559177 4531 46 279 2539 5319 29 13223 1983 1493 23576 2376 41476 15 677 242 379 1628 6 918 1984 1631 18999 394 491499 4142 944 3884 4828 161886 23 15519 1681 1984 3613 548484 3662 773 453 4826 2759 13 1681 1986 218 1937 4948 72497 15278 85 4742 5592 59963 3 28856 1987 2324 2364 871 11274 376 917 3643 456 145546 25 2486 1988 243 23397 7847 15197 6648 593 3628 4221 9978 48 22486 1989 222 22739 5521 79539 716 68 3278 3958 47477 2 19456 199 258 19296 313 58396 1961 447 2474 2921 49754 29 18721 1991 1899 14569 2761 48569 9343 632 311 3742 76484 13 11536 1992 1918 9796 219 42596 219 559 3721 428 85 49 9189 1993 212 14781 2149 43881 1139 364 2428 2792 84273 45 812 1994 815 14977 254 35477 1689 522 2121 2643 12679 12 6726 65 12615 2428 315915 748 21 2471 2672 9178 15 8596 1996 939 12333 338 43733 1116 265 244 385 328 33 122 1997 1595 18277 3215 499277 1494 153 2925 378 46939 17 7885 1998 914 16332 2554 363132 1645 236 2166 242 1322 19 991 1999 114 22347 3132 436947 2735 233 2358 2591 17878 24 15342 2 258 23169 255 528969 5537 34 3169 3473 93757 25 3153 21 584 54935 5489 1112235 1195 41 6894 7295 116623 55 24457 22 4316 9282 7333 125772 537 33711 5531 5722 49629 119 2395149 23 4586 8312 8931 137686 6772 23452 3641 387552 39375 8934 2489867 24 4112 65446 799 1275466 4414 29566 3148 344366 123992 11439 2196663 25 192962 66 5614 814422 3468 14672 3178 332472 72452 3378 1569524 26 2819 76196 436 714986 35 16613 342 356813 371 1458899
TABLE 2: ADULT SALMON COUNTS AT BONNEVILLE DAM - 198 TO 26 YEAR CHINOOK SALMON COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE CHUM TOTAL SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL SALMONIDS 198 6987 3165 325312 417364 12974 129254 58882 44 618518 1981 659 26929 193712 28665 21935 15927 5637 4 523896 1982 7644 26614 22151 32289 55816 15764 5219 12 586496 1983 56721 23458 164167 244346 8398 218439 1545 5 571778 1984 5145 2857 244873 324425 16759 31556 152541 64 89349 9961 2987 34342 463873 3855 343987 16634 97 112847 1986 12343 3141 416797 57881 18649 379891 58123 77 1117621 1987 1187 3777 4798 547494 17922 3381 116993 147 985637 1988 94746 36524 362755 49425 2754 27972 79714 6 879925 1989 87259 32975 295883 416117 27418 287798 41884 16 773233 199 96252 2821 216717 3499 11627 18327 49581 26 585251 1991 61228 21953 191441 274622 58868 274545 76481 5 684521 1992 9582 19245 146472 256299 14369 314975 84992 39 67674 1993 112172 23616 141869 277657 1642 188386 8178 17 55688 1994 2566 221 23553 24432 2291 163124 13154 26 44915 12961 17791 214598 24535 1933 2971 8135 3 473519 1996 5668 1894 22445 299962 1667 212475 3193 22 559619 1997 117964 3115 25715 399784 24713 26684 48342 47 739726 1998 39117 24111 217716 28944 45858 19751 13613 21 537937 1999 4898 3951 268428 347477 41337 212118 1834 43 619279 2 24581 4573 251338 5992 88277 282665 97541 17 969492 21 439533 99685 498127 137345 271153 676793 123416 29 218736 22 27529 135388 51397 924585 9418 5168 512 72 158555 23 2128 128166 658466 99666 125747 365821 39291 411 152793 24 179193 1532 621972 96197 11542 313378 123291 8 1457988 25 78325 8373 438371 6399 8335 31565 72972 139 172465 26 96458 9817 279529 47494 12111 33931 3766 165 952737
TABLE 3: NON-INDIAN COLUMBIA RIVER COMMERCIAL HARVEST, 198 TO 26. YEAR CHINOOK COHO SOCKEYE CHUM SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL 198 16 759 36816 151 4 2 1981 6 9 233 649 6 14 1982 5 117 493 4917 217 1 18 1983 22 92 17 1192 71 83 2 1984 14 22 342 3922 215 9345 18 28 36 251 37336 19 32213 7 1986 11 19 938 6559 981 184 18 1987 1 142 212 117442 1652 28553 13 1988 51 81 2248 11381 3615 17632 25 1989 15 9 767 5649 3873 36 14 199 21 15 25 26615 662 173 8 1991 9 9 217 29 475 3 4 1992 2 35 112 6835 541 8 7 1993 2 81 18 6481 356 64 99 1994 4 23 16 423 67 1 99 4 1 214 1 99 1996 53 15 14 6368 261 25 99 1997 67 6 73 1773 25 12 99 1998 99 1 27 1499 23 2 99 1999 85 1 52 2799 79 1 99 2 1 6 77 171 366 99 21 29 1 142 1571 2534 169 126 22 11 8 231 298 163 19 13 23 1962 36 58428 78563 26245 6 24 24329 236 4157 7835 118466 672 89 25 1557 2574 27536 46789 98175 4 9 26 16453 517 3568 4721 6625 3
TABLE 4: NON-INDIAN COLUMBIA RIVER SPORT HARVEST, 198 TO 26. CHINOOK COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE CHUM SPORT YEAR SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL WASHINGTON OREGON IDAHO TOTAL TOTAL 198 43 392 112 119 37 1276 6976 7678 1981 2 41 371 77 134 58114 1916 8243 9321 1982 6 53 3919 365 219 56111 27912 15923 146342 1983 4 38 3628 89 163 4735 2811 91751 14279 1984 1 113 9125 9 233 45917 3199 1127 91 29432 3 72 5366 359 351 8883 32585 155768 319 228934 1986 13 135 8667 1451 368 7567 479 155267 18 31834 1987 4 5 369 21459 542 46 8725 17989 138314 283 242273 1988 14 8 271 23526 1557 252 829 23521 1373 175 327456 1989 5 17 228 17999 972 32 85447 48885 164532 279731 199 31 6 17 8755 285 328 67957 194 119797 15752 1991 15 3 116 11997 2391 238 27593 28573 79966 33163 1992 12 12 131 7253 521 366 6956 44665 142221 21574 1993 4 15 13 115 278 522 65859 27825 145884 173799 1994 4 27 13 1627 58 293 48551 1962 97471 14898 18 7 5518 83 241 33279 2217 79486 9334 1996 27 65 11927 92 62229 4918 27215 13362 151489 1997 19 122 9719 325 64583 4681 35938 14122 183421 1998 27 61 13127 12 52618 3731 2538 114957 138284 1999 41 81 8141 288 3271 3484 2822 95734 132675 2 1 25 43 189 58 49177 4295 35943 125415 3 2185 21 229 64 158 28354 287 7357 86622 13286 262965 16 51619 22 162 153 271 4913 417 11235 1228 85992 3325 39138 23 96 27 524 52247 555 9476 55422 63682 2958 317327 24 166 124 433 4454 317 14214 66294 64895 23543 311643 25 15425 1622 36541 53588 223 68993 36687 54358 1638 235926 26 14896 4924 144 3422 51
TABLE 5: TOTAL COLUMBIA RIVER INDIAN HARVEST - 198 TO 26. YEAR CHINOOK COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE CHUM SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL 198 18 12 326 356 3 99 699 1981 34 2999 489 55299 18 149 1599 1982 53 4699 536 63599 43 135 8 1983 2599 399 228 25798 2 247 33 99 1984 35 5 59 549 16 781 246 34 1899 683 73599 52 99 499 99 1986 74 13 123 111 168 15 67 1987 66 19 1386 1471 23 864 396 1988 69 16 1457 1524 52 893 31 1989 6699 199 1282 13598 25 1559 2199 199 6999 198 793 86497 1 361 2499 1991 3999 199 511 55298 67 391 3399 1992 57 1 281 339 1 559 2299 1993 7399 499 34 38298 9 3 599 1994 1199 299 337 35198 1 15 5 6 4 414 424 3 148 4 1996 2899 599 632 66698 1 96 14 1997 8399 399 65 73798 2 94 2 1998 2299 499 447 47498 2 55 4 1999 34 18 772 824 17 46 7 2 538 44 52369 15169 448 1173 29 21 351 251 11286 172286 4236 22641 33 22 89 2 13149 14149 55 168 26 23 15422 15422 127295 158139 6947 18485 24 1691 1691 12844 161864 1787 17553 25 3853 3853 115661 123367 5653 17448 728 26 8587 16319 7882 12988 13192 33716
TABLE 6: INDIAN COMMERCIAL CATCH IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER, 198 TO 26. YEAR CHINOOK SALMON COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE CHUM SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL SUMMER WINTER TOTAL 198 1 326 339 3 73 26 99 99 1981 16 1699 489 564 18 1 49 149 99 1982 33 3399 536 577 43 94 41 135 1 1983 99 99 228 245 2 185 62 247 18 99 1984 1 2 59 535 16 751 3 781 225 4 18 683 769 52 855 54 99 494 99 1986 3 1 123 171 168 72 78 15 43 1987 2 16 1386 145 23 791 73 864 395 1988 1 16 1457 1469 52 785 18 893 31 1989 99 99 1282 1281 25 69 95 1559 99 199 99 99 793 838 1 326 35 361 99 1991 99 99 511 512 67 37 21 391 99 1992 281 292 1 519 4 559 99 1993 99 99 34 311 9 276 24 3 99 1994 99 99 337 297 1 129 21 15 414 314 3 127 21 148 1996 99 99 632 417 1 95 1 96 1997 99 99 65 396 2 92 2 94 1998 99 99 447 313 2 53 2 55 1999 14 14 772 368 17 45 1 46 2 437 437 521 894 44 89 89 1 21 243 244 111721 951 38 159 2 161 16 22 89 1 13622 13722 5 94 99 9499 23 15442 15442 126612 157496 567 14915 14915 24 1691 1691 127628 161448 1287 14593 14593 25 3853 3853 11591 122797 5413 13689 13689 728 26 1 1 77691 77693 13192 33716 33716
TABLE 7: INDIAN CEREMONIAL AND SUBSISTENCE HARVEST IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER, 198 TO 26. YEAR CHINOOK SALMON COHO STEELHEAD SOCKEYE SPRING SUMMER FALL TOTAL 198 18 11 NA 29 NA NA 6 1981 18 13 NA 31 NA NA 15 1982 2 13 NA 33 NA NA 7 1983 25 3 NA 28 NA NA 15 1984 34 3 NA 37 NA NA 21 3 99 NA 399 NA NA 5 1986 71 3 NA 74 NA NA 24 1987 64 3 NA 67 NA NA 1 1988 68 NA 68 NA NA 1989 66 1 NA 67 NA NA 21 199 6924 99 NA 6999 NA NA 24 1991 3871 1 NA 4 NA NA 33 1992 5711 1 NA 58 NA NA 22 1993 7296 4 NA 77 NA NA 5 1994 1151 2 NA 13 NA NA 5 62 4 NA 1 NA NA 4 1996 2911 5 NA 33 NA NA 14 1997 839 3 NA 86 NA NA 2 1998 2224 4 NA 26 NA NA 4 1999 1983 4 NA 24 NA NA 7 2 9973 3 269 1669 8 283 28 21 7 365 11865 436 6741 17 22 928 1 427 9427 5 128 26 23 99 NA 683 683 1277 357 NA 24 9114 NA 416 416 5 296 NA 25 6163 NA 57 57 24 3759 NA 26 8586 NA 391 NA NA NA NA NOTE: NA - DATA NOT AVAILABLE.
TABLE 8: COLUMBIA RIVER COHO HARVEST, 198 TO 26. YEAR COHO NI COMMERCIAL NI SPORT INDIAN TOTAL 198 151 122 3 316 1981 6 77 18 173 1982 217 365 43 4531 1983 71 89 2 15 1984 215 9 16 4142 19 359 52 3662 1986 981 1451 168 15278 1987 1652 542 23 376 1988 3615 1557 52 6648 1989 3873 972 25 716 199 662 285 1 1961 1991 475 2391 67 9343 1992 541 521 1 219 1993 356 278 9 1139 1994 67 58 1 1686 214 83 3 745 1996 261 92 1 1138 1997 25 325 2 1496 1998 23 12 2 1651 1999 79 288 17 279 2 171 58 448 5535 21 2534 287 4236 11129 22 163 417 5427 5148 23 26245 555 6353 6948 24 118466 317 173 4462 25 98175 223 5983 3468 26 6625 51 13192 35
TABLE 9: IIDAHO STEELHEAD HARVEST BY RUN YEAR, 1964 TO 25 (SOURCE, IDF&G). 1964-65 14,231 1984-85 32585 23,687 479 22,948 17989 21,616 23521 19,163 48885 1969-7 1658 1989-9 194 167 28573 15874 44665 8128 27825 726 1962 1974-75 1994-95 2217 395 27215 21924 35938 396 2538 2839 2822 1979-8 1276 1999-35943 1916 13286 27912 82992 2811 63682 3199 39865 24-5 54358
TABLE 1: COLUMBIA RIVER STEELHEAD HARVEST, 198 TO 26 YEAR STEELHEAD SPORT HARVEST INDIAN GRAND WASHINGTON OREGON IDAHO TOTAL HARVEST TOTAL 198 119 37 1276 6976 99 7876 1981 134 58114 1916 8243 149 9733 1982 219 56111 27912 15923 135 119423 1983 163 4735 2811 91751 247 116451 1984 233 45917 3199 1127 781 17937 351 8883 32585 155768 99 246668 1986 368 7567 479 155267 15 17267 1987 46 8725 17989 138314 864 224714 1988 252 829 23521 1373 893 223 1989 32 85447 48885 164532 1559 18122 199 328 67957 194 119797 361 155897 1991 238 27593 28573 79966 391 11966 1992 366 6956 44665 142221 559 198121 1993 522 65859 27825 145884 3 175884 1994 293 48551 1962 97471 15 112471 241 33279 2217 79486 148 94286 1996 62229 4918 27215 13362 96 139962 1997 64583 4681 35938 14122 94 1562 1998 52618 3731 2538 114957 55 12457 1999 3271 3484 2822 95734 46 1334 2 49177 4295 35943 125415 1173 137145 21 7357 86622 13286 262965 22641 28566 22 11235 1228 85992 3325 168 3115 23 9476 55422 63682 2958 18485 22865 24 14214 66294 64895 23543 17553 252956 25 68993 36687 54358 1638 17448 117486
TABLE 11: FATE OF SNAKE RIVER WILD SPRING CHINOOK, 198 TO 26. YEAR RUN SIZE HARVEST UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT NON-INDIAN INDIAN 198 1866 31 65 1137 6646 1981 19819 27 15 647 12127 1982 275 471 1866 12894 11812 1983 2363 983 825 8137 1417 1984 1452 485 937 4361 8266 14551 528 497 2749 1773 1986 17969 368 146 5811 1739 1987 15424 24 939 443 1198 1988 17963 1154 1195 4394 11217 1989 14271 34 173 668 6788 199 15649 788 13 3987 9836 1991 11935 471 72 4727 613 1992 19283 314 1165 4719 1379 1993 15435 128 945 1527 12831 1994 341 2 151 1147 1954 317 2 151 1678 1186 1996 8896 1 468 4629 3788 1997 8126 4 546 3169 446 1998 1362 12 668 499 7391 1999 5579 6 26 2457 2856 2 1321 26 83 4116 8255 21 6962 961 7999 6998 45281 22 48677 98 5286 1253 3213 23 52863 854 4156 15313 32325 24 32629 727 2821 7559 21367 25 15543 275 968 413 1148 26 1673 312 11 5841 948
TABLE 12: FATE OF UPPER COLUMBIA RIVER WILD SPRING CHINOOK, 198 TO 26. YEAR RUN SIZE HARVEST UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT NON-INDIAN INDAIN 198 826 17 266 4366 3586 1981 9982 141 56 2639 6695 1982 7626 135 526 3252 3714 1983 8542 413 346 2624 5158 1984 725 252 483 159 56 116 42 376 891 9336 1986 8175 17 476 1813 5716 1987 7584 12 462 1628 5374 1988 5488 354 365 891 3878 1989 658 158 495 2195 3732 199 5643 287 372 977 47 1991 2514 1 152 526 1736 1992 57 83 32 641 398 1993 5268 45 322 222 4678 1994 184 71 88 49 1155 29 15 118 157 1996 38 16 119 173 1997 171 1 72 343 655 1998 41 21 97 284 1999 642 1 3 16 451 2 37 6 183 72 298 21 113 156 1326 574 847 22 5757 112 625 982 437 23 2581 4 24 553 1785 24 3119 65 271 579 2264 25 2445 38 185 787 1778 26 2817 38 185 787 187
TABLE 13: FATE OF WILD SNAKE RIVER SUMMER CHINOOK, 198 TO 22. YEAR RUN HARVEST UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT SIZE NON-INDIAN INDIAN 198 364 4 134 523 244 1981 4337 4 264 133 2739 1982 5522 63 351 1576 3531 1983 578 52 83 1725 3219 1984 4678 9 95 345 4229 2853 8 149 2696 1986 3478 29 147 618 2684 1987 3326 29 169 1273 1855 1988 336 18 157 1323 187 1989 3124 4 11 2299 199 4359 7 19 991 3342 1991 355 4 33 546 2967 1992 533 3 2 88 441 1993 4169 29 58 482 1994 246 1 3 6 183 498 1 14 14 343 1996 2717 12 83 76 1916 1997 5533 7 62 327 5137 1998 4166 7 72 1175 2913 1999 24 5 33 383 1584 2 494 3 24 467 21 12556 19 71 12475 22 4433 12 81 789 3552
TABLE 14: FATE OF WILD SNAKE RIVER FALL CHINOOK, 1986 TO 2. YEAR RUN SIZE HARVEST LYONS FY BROOD UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT NON-INDIAN INDIAN 1986 344 812 1141 87 951 449 1987 2295 636 673 179 554 253 1988 4811 129 1775 45 973 368 1989 2527 489 956 22 567 295 199 335 96 258 71-168 78 1991 2261 362 545 136 318 1992 1555 143 267 596 549 1993 162 13 32 428 742 1994 155 1 191 457 46 1223 18 214 641 35 1996 1957 18 48 82 639 1997 248 119 54 592 797 1998 864 29 2 329 36 1999 2739 2 631 13 95 2 1977 144 422 554 857
TABLE 15: FATE OF SNAKE RIVER SOCKEYE, 198 TO 22. YEAR RUN SIZE HARVEST UNACCOUNTED ESCAPEMENT NON-INDIAN INDIAN 198 41-55 96 1981 154 4-68 218 1982 215 3 1 211 1983 241 8 111 122 1984 148 9 23 7 47 41 7 1-11 35 1986 28 2 3 8 15 1987 25 5 7-16 29 1988 43 8 13-1 23 1989 4 2 2 199 1 1 1991 1 1 8 1992 2 1 1 1993 18 1 5 12 1994 3 1 2 5 1 4 1996 4 4 1997 2 2 1998 4 1 3 1999 19 1 2 16 2 447 2 14 31 4 21 51 1 3 2 45 22 57 3 3 51