The State of World Fishery Takashi Matsuishi At SERD, AIT, Thailand 24Feb-14Mar, 2014 1
The State of World Fisheries and Aquacurture 2012 SOFIA 2012 Published from FAO Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) Fishery and Agriculture Department It gives a very good outlook of the world fishery 2
World capture fisheries and aquaculture production 148 89 3
Capture fisheries production in marine areas around Asia 4
World Capture Fisheries Production 5
Number in 1000 Number of Fishers in the World / Area 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 Oceania North America Latin America Europe Asia Africa 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year 6
Number in 1000 Number of Fishers in the world / Capture Fisheries - Aquaculture 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 Aquaculture Capture Fisheries 10000 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Year 7
World fish utilization and supply 8
Utilization of world fisheries production 9
Average fish prices in real terms (2005) 10
Global trends in the state of world marine fish stocks since 1974 11
World Fisheries The world fishery production is around 150 million ton in 2010 and 60% are from capture fishery 40% from Aquaculture It is still growing but the increase looks like stopped in total capture fishery. But the capture fishery around ASEAN and the aquaculture production is increasing. Food supply is increasing at the pace of 3.2% per year and is much higher than the increase of the world population 1.7% Fishery provide employment. 55 million people is 0.8% of the world people is fisher. 88% of the world stock is overexploited or fully exploited, and few space to expand the capture fishery. 12
Missions for the Fishery Manager Enhancing Aquaculture Inland fishery Avoid Over fishing Get optimum and sustainable Yield Understand / Educate / Implement The current status of the stock and fishery Sound fishery management 13
Examples of Exploited Fish Population Dynamics How can we control the population dynamics of the fish 14
Overfishing and Population Dynamics Overfishing : a form of overexploitation in which fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels Judging overfishing 1. Decide the unacceptable level, biologically 2. Monitor the population of the stock 3. Confirm the reason of the depletion is overexploitation or natural fluctuation, if depleted 15
Biomass (1000t) Exploitation Rate % Walleye Pollack Theragra chalcogramma Pacific Ocean off Hokkaido, Japan Biomass Exploit. Rate 16
Catch(10,000t) Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Hokkaido, Japan Year 17
Catch (1E3t) Kichiji Rockfish Sebastolobus macrochir Pacific off Hokkaido Japan 18
Catch (t) Japanese longfin smelt Spirinchus lanceolatus Eastern Hokkaido Japan Stop fishing 19
Population Dynamics before Fishery 20
Fish population dynamics Part of the fluctuation is by human activity including over fishing, and maybe pollution and habitat destruction etc. Large part of the fluctuation is by the nature of fish itself. We have to monitor the population fluctuation and judge the depletion is overfishing or not. Not only scientists but also the fishers and stakeholders of stock should know the nature of the fish population dynamics, and mind the uncertainty of the population and the result of fisheries management. 21
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea UNCLOS 22
UNCLOS International agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982. Defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, and the management of marine natural resources. UNCLOS came into force in 1994 23
Article61 Conservation of the living resources 1. The coastal State shall determine the allowable catch of the living resources in its exclusive economic zone. 2. The coastal State, taking into account the best scientific evidence available to it, shall ensure through proper conservation and management measures that the maintenance of the living resources in the exclusive economic zone is not endangered by over-exploitation. As appropriate, the coastal State shall cooperate to this end. 24
Article61 Cont. 3. Such measures shall also be designed to maintain or restore populations of harvested species at levels which can produce the maximum sustainable yield including the economic needs of coastal fishing communities and the special requirements of developing States, and taking into account fishing patterns, the interdependence of stocks and any generally recommended international minimum standards. 4. In taking such measures the coastal State shall take into consideration the effects on species associated with or dependent upon harvested species with a view to maintaining or restoring populations of such associated or dependent species above levels at which their reproduction may become seriously threatened. 25
Article61 Cont. 5. Available scientific information, catch and fishing effort statistics, and other data relevant to the conservation of fish stocks shall be contributed and exchanged on a regular basis through competent international organizations where appropriate and with participation by all States concerned, including States whose nationals are allowed to fish in the exclusive economic zone. 26
Japanese Correspondence to UNCLOS UNCLOS become effective to Japan from 1996 Japanese Government made a domestic law Act on Preservation and Control of Living Marine Resources Fishery Research Agency calculate Allowable Biological Catch for important Fishery 76 stocks / populations in 44 species / groups. Fishery Agency decide Total Allowable Catch for 19 stocks in 7 species. Large number of Researchers are required for the stock assessment and fisheries management. 27
Conclusion of the UNCLOS The scientific monitoring is forced by the international convention of the sea. The each country should collect available scientific information, and control the fishery at maximum sustainable yield level. Researchers of the fishery management and stock assessment are required for conducting scientific fishery management. 28
29 Key points of this chapter
Key points of this chapter Outline of the course The range and topics of this course The world fishery situations background of the Coastal and Inland fishery Capture fishery is still important Asian fishery occupies large part of the world fishery Fish Population Dynamics Judge overfishing and natural fluctuation UNCLOS Scientific fishery management is forced by the international convention 30