Status of the fishery resources of Danajon Bank

Status of the fishery resources of Danajon Bank First Workshop on the Formulation of the Danajon Bank Fisheries Management Plan 28 June 2005

Without fisheries management intervention? Demersal fish stocks (tons/km2) 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 Habitat degradation Illegal fishing Destructive fishing Excessive fishing pressure 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Current trend of demersal stock density decline t/km 2 25 20 15 10 0-10 m 10-20 m 20-50 m 50-100 m 5 0 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 year Compilation of demersal stock density estimates based on various trawl surveys in the Philippines from 1948 to 1995

Estimates of demersal stock densities in selected fishing grounds of the Philippines Area Manila Bay San Miguel Bay Lingayen Gulf Carigara Bay Sorsogon Bay Year 1949-50 1968-72 1992-93 1947 1980-81 1992-93 1995-96 1978-79 1987-88 1979-80 1995-96 1972 1994-95 Stockdensity (t/km 2 ) 4.61 1.71 0.47 10.6 2.13 1.96 1.31 1.33 0.57 2.00 1.04 1.87 1.20 Relative density (% of baseline) 100.0 37.1 10.2 100.0 20.1 18.5 12.4 100.0 42.9 100.0 52.0 100.0 64.2 Warfel & Manacop 1950 Silvestre et al., 1987 Armada, 1994 Warfel & Manacop 1950 Vakily, 1982 Source Cinco et al., 1995 Soliman & Dioneda, 1997 Villoso & Aprieto, 1983 Ochavillo et al., 1989 Armada & Silvestre, 1981 Pura et al., 1997 Ordoñez et al., 1972 Cinco & Perez, 1996

With fisheries management intervention? Demersal fish stocks (tons/km2) 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 Restore habitat Control illegal fishing Eradicate Destructive fishing Reduce fishing pressure 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

With fisheries management intervention? Demersal fish stocks (tons/km2) 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 Restore habitat Control illegal fishing Eradicate Destructive fishing Reduce fishing pressure 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Danajon Bank capture fisheries profile And the rest the coastal municipalities of Bohol

Number of fishers and fishing boats in Danajon Bank and the rest of Bohol 100 8,952 100 11,686 100 32,953 Grand Total 37.9 3,395 56.5 6,603 46.3 15,260 Sub-total 1.6 5.4 21.0 43.3 1.7 156 5.2 608 3.8 1,256 Mabini 1.2 9.1 15.6 28.3 1.0 91 1.3 156 0.9 283 Candijay 1.7 3.7 29.0 55.2 0.8 70 4.7 550 3.2 1,048 Anda 1.5 7.9 16.4 37.3 1.4 126 2.2 262 1.8 596 Guindulman 1.4 11.3 36.7 68.5 0.9 77 2.1 250 1.4 466 Duero 2.4 15.6 19.1 84.8 2.4 219 2.3 268 3.6 1,187 Jagna 2.2 4.6 9.1 29.6 0.8 73 1.2 145 1.4 473 G. Hernandez 1.4 26.0 18.6 63.6 1.9 171 1.0 122 1.3 418 Valencia 1.4 9.8 36.7 65.2 0.7 59 1.9 220 1.2 391 Dimiao 1.6 18.7 6.9 40.1 1.8 162 0.5 60 1.1 348 Lila 1.3 7.3 26.0 42.9 0.9 80 2.4 286 1.4 472 Loay 2.0 24.4 16.0 80.4 1.4 122 0.7 80 1.2 402 Alburquerque 1.7 19.1 14.2 57.2 2.4 213 1.4 158 1.9 637 Baclayon 2.1 11.7 20.5 66.6 3.2 286 4.3 502 5.0 1,634 Dauis 1.3 14.2 35.2 66.2 4.0 356 7.5 880 5.0 1,655 Panglao 1.2 26.4 21.9 57.8 3.7 328 2.3 273 2.2 719 Tagbilaran 1.3 20.8 89.6 139.6 0.6 54 2.0 233 1.1 363 Cortes 1.7 6.0 15.9 36.2 0.7 60 1.4 159 1.1 362 Maribojoc 1.2 15.8 38.9 64.3 4.2 378 8.0 933 4.7 1,544 Loon 1.3 20.9 30.5 67.1 3.5 314 3.9 458 3.1 1,006 Calape Rest of Bohol 62.1 5,557 43.5 5,083 53.7 17,693 Sub-total 1.9 47.7 20.1 128.5 6.9 620 2.2 261 5.1 1,670 Tubigon 1.4 12.0 21.4 47.9 0.9 84 1.3 150 1.0 335 Clarin 1.5 44.9 62.4 162.9 7.0 629 7.5 874 6.9 2,281 Inabanga 1.5 19.9 61.5 125.0 1.8 159 4.2 492 3 1,000 Buenavista 1.6 39.1 41.2 127.7 7.4 664 6.0 700 6.6 2,170 Getafe 1.6 71.0 35.7 165.5 16.6 1,490 6.4 750 10.5 3,476 Talibon 1.8 78.3 70.0 264.7 10.5 940 7.2 840 9.6 3,176 Bien Unido 1.9 9.7 10.4 38.3 4.2 380 3.5 406 4.5 1,492 Ubay 1.7 10.4 10.7 36.7 6.6 591 5.2 610 6.4 2,093 C P. Garcia Danajon Bank % n % n % n MB NMB Fisher s MB NMB Fishers Fisher to boat ratio Density (count/km coastline) Counts Municipality

Coastal population

Fishers

Commercial fishing boats

Motorized fishing crafts

Non-motorized fishing crafts

All fishing gears

Gillnets and trammel nets

Hook and lines

Squid jig

Major Fishery resources exploited Anduhaw, Tamarong, Tulingan Lambay, Nokus, Lumayagan Danggit, Bolinao, Balo

Ten most important issues raised by municipal fishers in Bohol Province in 2003 Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Blast fishing Drive-in nets(bahan, sagiwsiw, or dagoydoy) Baling/Sahid operations Issues Trawls and hulbot-hulbot operating in municipal waters Spear fishing with compressor Commercial fishing vessels operating inside municipal waters (ex. kubkub, likum) Decrease in fish catch attributed to overfishing Fishing with noxious substances, (cyanide, tubli, etc) Increase in the number of boats and fishers competing for limited resources in a limited area Ban of certain fishing operations (ex. Trammel nets, sudsud, whale shark fishing, manta fishing, baling, etc.) affects the livelihood of the community Fishing ground Rest of Bohol 4 37 38 19 3 11 11 6 1 4 Danajon Bank 133 13 8 4 19 11 9 6 6 3 1 3 2 4 5 TOTAL 137 50 46 23 22 22 20 12 7 7

Baseline data for Danajon Bank Information generated by the FISH Project for fishery resources management

Trawl survey (May 2004) Planed and actual fishing stations used during the trawl survey 20 15 1 2 3 5 4 6 8 9 10 13 16 15 18 19 10 7 11 14 17 12 71% jellyfishes, sea urchins and starfishes 5 0 Trawl Station Actual Trawl Route control 1 control 2 control 0 cont rol 3 control 4 13.3 18.3 23.3 28.3 33.3 38.3 Average catch: Total catch = 4.54 kg/30min of trawling 1.33 kg/30min (excluding jellyfishes sea urchins and starfishes)

Estimation of biomass density Estimated demersal biomass density: 0.45 tons/km 2 Estimates of demersal stock densities from trawl survey in Danajon Bank compared to some selected fishing grounds of the Philippines Fishing ground Carigara Bay Lingayen Gulf Manila Bay San Miguel Bay Danajon Bank 1947 1980-81 1992-93 1995-96 2004 Year 1979-80 1995-96 1978-79 1987-88 1949-50 1968-72 1992-93 Biomass (mt/km 2 ) 2.00 1.04 1.33 0.57 4.61 1.71 0.47 10.60 2.13 1.96 1.31 0.45 Armada & Silvestre, 1981 Pura, et al., 1997 Villoso & Aprieto, 1983 Ochavillo et al., 1989 Warfel & Manacop, 1950 Silvestre et al., 1987 Armada, 1994 Warfel & Manacop, 1950 Vakily, 1982 Cinco et al., 1995 Soliman & Dioneda, 1997 FISH, 2004 Source

Top 10 species/group caught during trawl survey Species/group Local name % Weight % Number 1 Leiognathus splendens dangay, potpot 42.9 72.0 2 Saurida tumbil banghutin 7.4 0.3 3 Arothron sp. butete 7.3 0.5 4 Platycephalus indicus sunugan 6.4 0.3 5 Upeneus tragula timbungan 4.2 3.4 6 Loliginidae taroroton 3.8 1.5 7 Apogon sp. 1 moong 3.6 3.0 8 Scolopsis taeniopterus silay 2.9 0.9 9 Loligo sp. taroroton, nokos 2.5 0.6 10 Leiognathus rivulatus potpot 2.3 3.5 Others 16.7 14.0

Bottom-set longline survey (June 2004) 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 Catch per unit effort: 4.77 kg/run

Comparison of CPUE of bottom-set longline used for test fishing in the focal areas. Focal area Danajon Bank Coron Bay Lanuza Bay Tawi-Tawi Bay Average catch per operation 4.77 7.06 4.87 3.71 Standard deviation 3.03 3.20 3.63 2.89 Number of hooks 1,000 800 800 200

Top 10 species/group caught during bottom-set longline survey in Danajon # Species Local name % Weight % Number 1 Therapon jarbua bugaong 50.6 35.7 2 Lethrinus lentjan katambak 15.5 13.3 3 Nemipterus hexodon lagaw 5.8 4.7 4 Congridae obod 3.6 6.8 5 Lutjanus chrysotaenia manilan-on 3.4 1.9 6 Pentapodus setosus siwsiw 2.9 9.2 7 Epinephelus sexfasciatus pugawo 1.3 0.2 8 Gymnothorax sp. bakasi, panangitan 1.2 5.1 9 Muraenidae obod 1.2 2.1 10 Alutera monoceros saguksuk 1.1 0.1 Others 13.4 20.7

Fish trap survey (June 2004) 20.000 15.000 Contr ol 10.000 5.000 Fishpot sites 0.000 13.300 18.300 23.300 28.300 33.300 38.300 Catch per unit effort: 1.06 kg/run

Top 10 species/group caught during the fish trap survey # Species Local name %Weight %Number 1 Monocanthus chinensis saguksuk 20.2 20.2 2 Thalamita sp. kubaw 14.9 14.9 3 Pentapodus setosus siwsiw 11.3 11.3 4 Upeneus tragula timbungan 7.3 7.3 5 Helotes sexlineatus gonggong 5.7 5.7 6 Scolopsis taeniopterus silay 4.7 4.7 7 Upeneus sp. timbungan 4.5 4.5 8 Octopus sp. tabugok 3.5 3.5 9 Paracentropogon sp. bantol 3.4 3.4 10 Pentapodus caninus salinggukod 3.1 3.1 Others 21.5 21.5

Catch and effort monitoring (May to July 2004) Grid map and catch and effort monitoring points in Danajon Bank

Summary of CPUE from catch and effort monitoring in Danajon Bank (May-July 2004) compared to other FISH Project areas and similar fishing grounds Fishing gear Local name (in Danajon Bank) Danajon Bank 2004 Coron Bay 2004 Lanuza Bay 2004 Tawi- Tawi Bay 2004 San Miguel Bay 2001 San Pedro Bay 1994-1995 Bottom set gillnet palunod, palugdang 15.7 9.0 4.9 15.7 4.2 Drift gillnet palutaw, paanod 7.4 21.5 11.7 55.9 30.2 12.1 Set gillnet w/plunger dumbol 10.3 4.5 3.8 23.3 13.8 Bottom set longline palangre, kitang 4.5 11.0 9.0 15.6 19.8 7.8 Multiple handline bira-bira, undak 3.7 12.5 4.4 19.6 2.2 Simple hook & line pasol 2.5 5.6 4.3 13.4 3.9 2.5 Squid jig ulang-ulang; pangnokos 1.5 2.3 3.9 5.4 2.0 Crab liftnet sapyaw (sa lambay) 3.4 1.4 3.6 Fish corral bungsod, tower 5.4 107.6 2.4 12.1 6.1 4.6 Crab pot panggal panglambay 6.7 2.7 10.4 2.1 Fish trap bubo 9.1 21.6 5.3 11.7 11.2 1.1 Scissor net sudsud 0.7 4.7 7.4 Handspear pana 2.8 8.3 6.3 5.2 3.4 Stationary liftnet bintol 13.6 3.1 47.6 19.2 Baby trawl palakaya 13.7 36.6 26.4

Fishing frequency of all fishing gears

Average CPUE of all fishing gears

Gillnet fishing frequency

Hook and line fishing frequency

Danish seine fishing frequency

Trawl fishing frequency

Threats to fisheries

Blast fishing Internal hemorrhage Intact coral reef Coral rubble

Cyanide fishing An estimated 65 tons of cyanide are sprayed each year on Philippine coral reefs alone Source: www.coralreef.org/factsheets/cyanide A field test in the Philippines in 1980 showed that two exposures to cyanide three months apart can completely kill the exposed reef area (Barber, C.V. & V.R. Pratt. 1998) Fish are approximately one thousand times more sensitive to cyanide than humans Cervino et al. 2003.

Effect of cyanide on corals Coral specimens exposed to 600 mg/l CN-: (a) Acropora millepora control, (b) A. millepora 24 h after exposure; (c) Heliofungia control, (d) Heliofungia 72 h after exposure; (e) Trachyphillia geoffrio control, (f) T. geoffrio fully bleached 3 weeks after exposure (Cervino et al. 2003).

Effect of cyanide on corals The relationship between the cyanide dose and mortality or zooxanthellae density in colonies of Pocillopora damicornis 12 days after exposure to various cyanide doses. PC = Parent Colony controls, HC = Handling Controls (http://www.spc.int/coa stfish/news/lrf/3/2jon es.html)

Fine mesh nets among gillnets Number cm (stretched) Fine mesh 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 10.16 7.62 6.10 5.08 4.35 3.81 3.39 3.05 2.77 2.54 2.34 2.18 pukot panglambay pang-anduhaw palunod, patugkad pukot palaran pangmangsi

Other fine mesh nets 60 40 % 20 0 baling kurantay lawag sapyaw 4 5.5 length bolinao 7 8.5 sapyaw lawag kurantay baling gear 50 40 palundag patuloy undak pasol lawag % 30 20 10 ave. mesh size: #25-28 target: bolinao Round haul seine, Lawag 6 0 9 12 15 length anduhaw 18 21 24 lawag pasol undak patuloy palundag gear

Other fine mesh nets Stationary liftnet, New Look Fish corral, Bungsod, tower ave. mesh size: #22-28 target: small pelagics ave. mesh size (bunt): #16-20 target: pasayan

Other fine mesh nets Otter trawl, Palakaya Danish seine, Liba-liba ave. mesh size (codend): 1.7 cm target species: pasayan ave. mesh size (codend): <3 cm target species: demersal spp.

Other fine mesh nets Beach seine, Baling Pushnet, Sudsud ave. mesh size (codend): <3 cm target species: nearshore, demersal spp.

Other fine mesh nets dynamite spear w ith compressor crab gillnet Bottom set gillnet Drift gillnet simple hook and line Handspear trammel net stationary liftnet Bottom set longline Fish trap set gillnet w ith plunger Average sizes of danggit expressed in pieces per kilogram caught by different fishing gears used in Danajon Bank. Drive-in gillnet En c irc lin g g illn e t Fish corral Barrier net Beach seine otter traw l scissor net filter net danish seine Unfriendly fishing gears? 0 50 100 150 200 Pieces per kg

Active and commercial fishing gears Ringnet Baby Ringnet Danish seine Baby Trawl

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