Executive summary. Draft 2_0 dated 06 September [To be added prior to final submission]

Transcription

1 Canoe Wales and British Canoeing Response to Welsh Government Consultation Document WG31811: Taking Forward Wales Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Draft 2_0 dated 06 September 2017 Executive summary [To be added prior to final submission]

2 Contents Foreword Introduction Who We Represent: the UK Paddlesport Landscape Compilation of Our Response Our Response to Your Proposals Relating to Paddlesport Access to the Outdoors Consistency in Opportunities and Clarity about Rights etc A. Extending Public Access on Inland Waterways... 8 B. Requiring Responsible Behaviour C. Managing Access on, to and from Inland Waterways D. Extending Public Access to the Coast E. Changing the Nature of Public Rights of Way Identifying, Designating and Recording Publicly Accessible Areas A. Statutory Mapping B. Improving Administration of Access Arrangements Costs and Benefits A. A Prosperous Wales B. A Resilient Wales C. A Healthier Wales D. A More Equal Wales E. A Wales of Cohesive Communities F. A Wales of Vibrant Culture and Thriving Welsh Language G. A Globally Responsible Wales Our Response to your Proposals on Designated Landscapes Our Response to your Proposals on Drainage Reform Annex A Survey Canoeing on Wales' Waterways Annex B How the Present Situation is Inconsistent and Unclear A. Background B. Legal Rights for Paddlesport in Wales C. Canoeing Access Arrangements D. Impact of Paddlesport on the Environment Annex B DEFRA Guidance on Educational Purposes Annex C Suggestions for Inclusion in a National Code of Conduct Annex D British Canoeing & Canoe Wales Criteria for Shared Use of Rivers Annex E Suggestions for Post-Brexit Rural Policy References Abbreviations & Definitions

3 Foreword [To be added prior to final submission] Jen Browning, General Manager for Canoe Wales The National White Water Centre, Frongoch, Bala LL23 7NU David Joy, CEO for British Canoeing National Water Sports Centre Adbolton Lane, Holme Pierrepont Nottingham NG12 2LU

4 1. Introduction This draft of our response to the Welsh Government is being released early to give the UK paddling community and others an opportunity to prepare their own responses. We do not anticipate the key messages changing between now and the submission deadline on 30 Sep 2017, but we will continue to add further material (including additional data from our recent online survey) to strengthen our arguments Who We Represent: the UK Paddlesport Landscape We use the term paddlesport to cover canoeing 1 ; use of stand-up-paddleboards (SUPs); and rafting and paddlers as those who engage in such activities. Canoe Wales is the National Governing Body (NGB) for paddlesport in Wales. As such, we represent c.1,900 individual members and c.3,000 members of over 60 paddlesport clubs in Wales. British Canoeing is both the NGB for paddlesport in England and the umbrella NGB for the whole UK (comprising Canoe Wales; the Scottish Canoe Association, SCA; the Canoe Association of Northern Ireland, CANI; and its own members in England). British Canoeing has c.20,000 individual members and c.40,000 members of paddlesport clubs in England. Together, Canoe Wales and British Canoeing therefore represent directly approximately 65,000 members; but we also exist to represent the interests of the wider community of paddlers in Wales and England who we have engaged as widely as we could in preparing this response. Paddlesport has a large and healthy community. With 1.5 million participants in the UK each year, it is one of few watersports still showing long term growth. It has the highest ownership rate of any watersport, with 73% of regular participants owning their own canoe; most being active between 6 and 12 times a year, and over 36% coming from families. Paddlesport activity is fully inclusive, with a range of disciplines that use waterways in all forms. The average user takes part for 3 hours at a time, with 57% of all canoeing activity taking place on inland waterways. The Sport England Active Lives Survey [1] shows canoeing participants regularly engage in other outdoor activities, principally hillwalking and cycling, suggesting a clear desire to experience the outdoors as part of a healthy lifestyle. Of all watersports activity, 9% takes place in Wales and the Southwest, the highest of all regions. There are 82,000 canoeists living in Wales, with a further 13,000 using SUPs 2. With many regular participants travelling to Wales from other regions, particularly from the North West, East Midlands, Southeast, London and Southwest, the number of participants using Welsh waterways is considerable Compilation of Our Response In preparing this submission, we were determined to ensure that our responses properly reflected the views of the paddling community in Wales comprising not only those paddlers who live in Wales, but also those from across the UK who may come to paddle in Wales. We therefore sought to engage with as many of them as possible in the time available for consultation, using an online survey distributed via e- mail and social media to our members and the UK paddling community from 21 July to 11 August. 1 We define canoeing as any activity involving any craft propelled by a paddle (or occasionally a sail or pole ) in or on which the paddler faces in the direction of travel (including canoes, kayaks and SUPs) and canoeists as those who engage in such activities. A kayak is a craft propelled, in a sitting position, by a double-ended paddle; whereas a canoe is a craft propelled, most properly in a kneeling position, by a single-bladed paddle (or occasionally a sail or pole ) although the term canoe is often used, confusingly, to refer collectively to both kayaks and canoes! 2 In the UK as a whole: 1.5M canoeists and 386,000 SUPers. 3 Data from [18] and [1] 4

5 Our survey (summarised at Annex A) attracted almost 1500 responses. 26% of these were from paddlers who live in Wales, including 13% of Canoe Wales core membership. A further 56% were from paddlers not resident in Wales but who have paddled within Wales during the last 3 years, including 4% of British Canoeing s core membership. We are therefore confident that we have engaged a representative sample of both the Welsh and the wider UK paddling community while compiling this submission. Our survey respondents agreed to a very great extent with the initial recommendations that we put forward in our survey. The responses that we are presenting to you in this submission are based on those initial recommendations, with the addition of suggestions provided in our survey responses. We are therefore extremely confident that this submission is representative of the paddling community within the UK. 5

6 Our respondents also agreed broadly that your proposals (as amended by their suggestions) would, to a fair or great extent, achieve your aims to: a) Deliver consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities; b) Provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment; and c) Ensure that the public, land managers and others are clear about their rights, responsibilities and duties about access to the outdoors; and that they would achieve our aim to: Achieve sufficient access for canoeing to satisfy most paddlers". We are therefore confident that the paddling community within the UK will support your proposals to improve access for outdoor activities if you enact them in the ways that we are suggesting in this submission. Both Canoe Wales and British Canoeing stand prepared to engage fully with the Welsh Government and other partners to secure a stronger future for Wales natural environment, particularly our rivers, lakes and coasts. 6

7 2. Our Response to Your Proposals Relating to Paddlesport Access to the Outdoors 2.1. Consistency in Opportunities and Clarity about Rights etc. You have asked: Question 15: Will these proposals deliver consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities and provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment? We believe that if our concerns are addressed, as we have set out in the following sections, your proposals are likely to deliver greatly-improved consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities and provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment. Question 17: Will these proposals provide significant clarification to ensure that the public, land managers and others are clear about their rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors? We believe that if our concerns are addressed, as we have set out in the following sections, your proposals are likely to provide significant clarification to ensure that the public, land managers and others are clear about their rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors. The following three quotes from our survey respondents provide a concise summary of our views on your proposals; and are indicative of the feedback we received: The access allowed on the continent, Ireland and Scotland for paddlers, swimmers and anglers is an excellent example of how tolerance and patience can allow a huge number of people to enjoy the benefits of exercise, encourage youngsters and old alike to experience the outdoors and benefit from the beauty and serenity provided by our wonderful rivers. The waters belong to no-one and should be shared equally and tolerantly by all with all. The Welsh Government should have the confidence to not just follow Scotland, but to learn directly from them that many of the issues and arguments brought by the anti-access lobby were discovered to be unfounded [e.g.] population density is not a reason to restrict access. Once [you] have set a course to improve access, then any hot points or issues of contention can be dealt with on an individual basis. Make the WG understand that despite the antiaccess lobbyists view that it will destroy the countryside economy, it will in fact do completely the opposite! What must not happen is a naive compromised fudge, with arbitrary restrictions, in an attempt to please every interested party, that is unenforceable, and will be ignored. At present in Wales, the opportunities available for participation in different outdoor activities are extremely inconsistent. For example, walkers have wide access to Public Rights of Way and Access Land, while canoeists have very little uncontested access to inland waterways in Wales. Much of this inconsistency is due to lack of clarity resulting from the contested legal rights of canoeists (particularly on inland rivers); concerns around public liability (particularly on reservoirs); and concerns about the environmental impact of canoeing. Much has already been written about this inconsistency and lack of clarity, which we have summarised at Annex B, along with anecdotal evidence from our survey about some of the problems that canoeists currently face in Wales. In the following sections, we explain our concerns about each of your proposals relating to these questions; and suggest what more we believe is necessary for them to deliver your aims in full. 7

8 A. Extending Public Access on Inland Waterways We welcome and support strongly your proposals to extend public access on inland waterways (with 99% of our survey respondents strongly supporting our response): Proposal 14: To extend Part 1 of CRoW Act access land provisions to rivers and other inland waters. Proposal 11: To amend or revoke the following list of restrictions on access: (b) uses a vessel or sailboard on any non-tidal water; (i) bathes in any non-tidal water; and (s) engages in any organised games, or in camping We believe that these proposals represent a huge step forward in public access to inland waterways in Wales and will achieve something close to the PRN that we believe already exists for rivers in Wales but which we have so far been unable to confirm in law and would achieve a similar level of access on the inland waterways of Wales to that enjoyed in Scotland. While we might have preferred a more comprehensive extension, providing a presumption of access from land to inland waterways and the inclusion of a riparian corridor 4 along the banks of rivers, streams and canals, we appreciate that this could be a step too far in the current climate, so we acknowledge that these proposals represent an expedient and effective compromise. However, there are several issues arising from these proposals which must be addressed to gain the full support of the UK paddling community: a) It is unclear what mechanism(s) you intend to use to extend the provisions of a modified CRoW Act to inland waters. Whether you intend to extend Section 16 of CRoW to all Welsh rivers and lakes, or simply to extend the usual Access Land provision to such water bodies aligned with the removal of limitations of use in Proposal 11, it is essential that the mechanism has the effect of granting a right for the public to use the water for recreational purposes in unpowered craft. b) Proposal 14 must relate to all rivers and lakes in Wales, rather than leading to a piecemeal waterbodyby-waterbody approach (subject to the following comments). c) The consultation document explicitly mentions rivers and lakes, but does not mention canals or reservoirs. Since we believe that all canals are covered by existing obligations to provide public access, this may not be material (although we would welcome their inclusion if that is your intent). We would, however, expect reservoirs to be included in your provisions, since they represent a significant proportion of the inland waterways in Wales and are of considerable interest to open water paddlers. The reduced liability that the CRoW Act provides for landowners should help to reduce many of the concerns that water companies have about people canoeing on reservoirs. We recognise the need to ensure safety close to outflows, spillways and the like, so would support appropriate provisions for safety exclusion areas and restrictions to protect public health, where these were proved necessary. We welcome your clarification on these points. d) Your proposals also do not define what is meant by a river we would wish any river or stream that is physically navigable to be included; and we would expect other users, such as gorge-walkers, to wish any river or stream, of whatever size, to be included using for this purpose Robert Callis 1622 definition of a river as a running stream, pent in on either side with walls and banks [2, p. 29]. We can foresee considerable difficulty in taking a case-by-case approach to identifying which rivers should be included, so recommend therefore that all rivers and streams (including mill lades / leats), marked as such on current Ordnance Survey maps, should be presumed to be included unless a convincing argument could be made to the contrary. We welcome your clarification on this point. e) Equally, your proposals do not define what is meant by a lake we would not necessarily expect every private pond or fishing lake to be included, but would expect any large body of open water to 4 We define a riparian corridor as a strip of the adjacent land on both sides of any river or such expanse of water (wide enough to allow passage on foot, picnicking at convenient places and, where practicable, launching and landing; and including the banks, walls or embankments along the water; and any towpath or other way or track beside the water) and, where a highway crosses or comes close to the river or other water, so much of any land connecting the highway with the strip of land as would afford access from the highway to some convenient launching place for small boats. 8

9 be included, whether owned publicly (including reservoirs owned by utility companies) or privately (e.g. Llangors Lake). We would therefore recommend that all bodies of water exceeding a specified area, say 0.4ha / 1 acre should be presumed to be included unless a convincing argument could be made to the contrary (on grounds of safety, environmental protection or privacy ). We welcome your clarification on this point. f) We understand your reason for excluding riverbanks and would note that the general PRN on all rivers which we believe exists does not include access across land or to the banks. However, this does pose a significant restriction on the public s ability to use inland waterways particularly rivers in the manner that your proposals are intended to achieve. We therefore believe strongly that consideration must also be given to providing as many mechanisms for improving access across land to waterways as possible (see below, point h). Not to do so could be a missed opportunity. We acknowledge that there is already a common-law right to enter land in the event of emergency (which would allow rescuing and recovering paddlers and equipment, conducting first aid, escaping to the nearest road, etc.), but it is often necessary for paddlers navigating along a waterway to use its banks for other purposes incidental to navigation (as enshrined, for example, in the PRN on the Lower Wye 5 ). Paddlers navigating along a river may, quite often, need to land on the banks to portage (walk around) obstructions (fallen trees, fences, cattle-gates, dangerous rapids, etc.) or man-made structures (weirs etc.); to inspect river features to ascertain a safe route; to provide bank-based safety cover for groups negotiating rapids; or to enable boats to be safely lined or tracked (using ropes operated from the bank to negotiate difficult sections). All these activities may be necessary for successful and safe navigation of a river, so we request that you consider how to include provision for using the banks of inland waterways for such purposes incidental to navigation. g) While we understand your exclusion of activity for any commercial purpose in the context of, say, large-scale commercial canoe hire or rafting activities (where the primary purpose of the activity is to make profit), this could also exclude professionals working as coaches or guides engaged in training or ensuring the safety of clients undertaking open-air recreation (including clubs and voluntary groups) and, as such, would impose an unwelcome and unnecessary restriction on a significant proportion of paddlesport activity and employment within Wales. Existing DEFRA guidance [3] permits educational use of Access Land (see extract from guidance text at Annex B); and in Scotland, access rights extend to activities carried out commercially or for profit, provided that these activities could also be carried on other than commercially or for profit (i.e. by the general public for recreational purposes or for educational activities or for crossing land). For example, a mountain guide who is taking a client hill-walking is carrying on a commercial activity, but this falls within access rights because the activity involved could be done by anyone else exercising access rights. The same would apply to a canoe instructor from a commercial outdoor pursuits centre with a party of canoeists [4, p. 6]. However, we also recognise the greater adverse impact that regular, large-scale commercial or educational operations might have (when compared to more strictly-defined recreational use) and the need therefore to manage such operations through the kind of arrangements suggested by your later proposals. You should also note that, in excluding commercial activities, your proposals will not resolve some of the current issues and conflicts surrounding existing paddlesport activity in Wales including canoe hire operations on the Wye above Hay and rafting operations on the Dee where commercial operators would still face the same legal uncertainty that currently exists around rights to use our rivers. We would therefore welcome clarification of your intentions relating to commercial and educational activity; and your proposals for distinguishing and managing paddlesport for commercial purposes. h) As one of our survey respondents pointed out, public right of access down a river is pointless unless paddlers can actually get to the river. We therefore request that you: confirm that, where the land adjacent to the water is itself Access Land, you intend an automatic right to access freely the water from that land (subject to practical accessibility and the 5 The Wye Navigation Order 2002 says that Members of the public shall have the right to navigate and use the principal rivers, where the use of the principal rivers shall be construed as meaning such use as is, according to the principles of common law, reasonably incidental to their navigation and the principal rivers includes their beds and banks [14, pp. 4, 5 & 8] 9

10 requirements for responsible behaviour and local management arrangements as covered by your later proposals); consider extending a presumption of access to water (including extinguishment of existing byelaws prohibiting access, but subject to practical accessibility and the requirements for responsible behaviour and local management arrangements as covered by your later proposals) from all publicly-owned 6 common land, parks, forests, etc. adjacent to the water unless a convincing argument can be made to the contrary (e.g. on grounds of safety or environmental protection); and either include the riparian corridor in your extension of CRoW Act access land provisions or impose a duty on Local Authorities and National Park Authorities to exercise their powers to facilitate access from the riparian corridor to convenient launching places for small boats 7 particularly from highways that cross rivers and from footpaths linking highways to rivers (subject to practical accessibility and the requirements for responsible behaviour and local management arrangements as covered by your later proposals). i) We welcome the addition of camping on access land insofar as it could provide for wild camping for canoeists on the banks of reservoirs and upland rivers (or on any rivers if you include the riparian corridor as Access Land) but we would caution against unfettered camping on access land, which could encourage roadside camping, littering, etc. We would therefore welcome your clarification on how you propose to avoid the potential adverse impacts of inappropriate wild camping. j) We wish you to confirm that these reforms would not extinguish any existing Public Rights of Navigation on inland waterways in Wales (whether these have been officially confirmed or not). k) The CRoW act requires "means of access" to Access Land not to be obstructed. Since a river or other linear waterway may itself be regarded as a means of access to the adjacent section of river, riparian owners should be required not to obstruct passage along the waterway by stock fences or other barriers or at least to make temporary or permanent provision for portage around any such obstacles (as described at point f). We therefore request that you consider how to include this provision (see also our comments in Section C below). If these concerns are addressed, we believe these proposals will deliver greatly-improved consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities; and provide significant clarification about rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors. B. Requiring Responsible Behaviour We welcome and support strongly your proposals for requiring responsible behaviour from all parties affected by access to the outdoors (with 98% of our survey respondents strongly supporting our response): Proposal 16: To establish a statutory caveat on all users to behave responsibly whilst exercising their right to participate in recreation on access land, inland water and on public rights of way Proposal 26: To develop a statutory code for access to the outdoors for recreation similar to that already in place in Scotland under the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 We believe that these proposals will help to ensure responsible behaviour, sustainable practices and protection of the natural environment and to address many of the concerns that will be raised by opponents of extended recreational access. We would be delighted to contribute to the development of a statutory code based on the Scottish model (in consultation with the paddling community in Wales and England); and encourage you to consider incorporating elements that we have already suggested for inclusion in a National Code of Conduct for water users (see Annex C). As NGBs, we expect paddlers to take their responsibilities seriously, so would intend to play an enhanced role in educating and informing the paddling community about these; and Canoe Wales would be willing to consider repercussions for our own members if they abused them (as one of our survey respondents 6 By publicly-owned we mean any land owned and/or managed by a public body including but not limited to Local Authorities, National Park Authorities, NRW, Utility Companies and Trusts established for the benefit of the public. 7 Countryside Act 1968, Section 16 [12, pp ]. 10

11 noted, a good amount of the paddling community could do with some education on being quiet and respectful around people's private property and private land to [show the wider] community that the natural waterways of the UK are not just a recreational playground but something to be shared and enjoyed by all. I think then, it will be easier for other river users to accept paddlers. ). However, we are concerned by your statement that rights could be annulled. Many of our survey respondents 8 felt very strongly about this, commenting for example that the right to drive on roads is not removed from the public because of the poor and illegal behaviour of the few, and the same approach should apply to paddling and if irresponsible behaviour occurs on a footpath, access for all isn't removed and I cannot see why it should be different on waterways and the recent removal of wild-camping access around Loch Lomond was quoted as an inappropriate response to the irresponsible behaviour of a few. One respondent summed up the views of most, that: a right that can be removed is not a right, so nothing has been achieved if there are any grounds for removal. Compliance with statutory codes should be a matter that can be enforced against individuals with penalties (criminal sanctions) if necessary, not enforced against the rest of the community by removing rights from other parties who may not be involved in the irresponsible behaviour. Many respondents also questioned how responsibility would be defined; and who would have the task of judging, disseminating and enforcing decisions both of which leave scope for subjectivity, uncertainty and the risk that vexatious complaints will quickly escalate in order to prevent access to stretches of water. We cannot therefore support your suggestion that rights could be annulled (except perhaps in extreme cases after due legal process) and we urge you to give very careful consideration to whether more appropriate sanctions could be imposed where irresponsible behaviour occurred. If this concern is addressed, we believe that these proposals could provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment; and provide significant clarification about rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors. C. Managing Access on, to and from Inland Waterways We support tentatively your proposals to manage access on, to and from inland waterways (with 93% of our survey respondents strongly supporting our response): Proposal 15: To establish Natural Resources Wales (NRW) as the authority responsible for: o identifying appropriate access and egress points; o implementing measures to promote responsible use, including the use of river level indicators; and o mediating between the different user interests to facilitate user access agreements. Proposal 17: To enable temporary diversions and exclusions to be applied across all accessible land and water where circumstances require them and after the safety and convenience of the public have been considered We note that your aim is to develop an approach which is less burdensome to administer, provides for the wide range of activities that people can take part in, with sensible safeguards for land management activities and the cultural and natural environments and it is not [your] aim to take away or reduce access rights for existing users. It is about increasing access for all non-motorised activities whilst allowing for sensible flexibility for land management and safety. We therefore welcome your recognition of the need to increase the number of access and portage points to help facilitate access to inland waterways for paddlesport and have suggested in Section A above how we would expect public land and rights of way to be made available for this purpose. We would welcome the introduction of a statutory authority with the remit to identify appropriate access and egress points, who we would expect to: a) compel public bodies to provide access from their own land; b) encourage public bodies to make access orders where appropriate (as we have suggested in Section A above) to provide access for small boats along riverbanks and from highways to riverbanks; and 8 20% of those who offered comments on these proposals. 11

12 c) facilitate agreements between waterways users, landowners and others to achieve access across private land. We would also welcome a consistent approach to the design of; and signage at; access, egress and portage points throughout Wales, which would make it easier and safer for users of all abilities to navigate our waterways; and which the statutory authority would be well-placed to facilitate. In our experience, the greatest current barrier to gaining more access points is disagreement over the legality of access along the river/waterway. If the proposals in this consultation are enacted in full, this barrier would be removed, enabling more landowners to feel confident in establishing new access points. British Canoeing and Canoe Wales have been developing ideas to use post-brexit agricultural subsidies and incentives to help farmers fund access improvements, which we have submitted to you separately [5] and from which we have provided key excerpts at Annex D. Access to the countryside for recreation should bring benefits to the wider economy in the area, including those landowners who host access facilities; and we believe the process you are working towards would make a considerable step in helping achieve this by providing access that works for all. The River Dart (in Devon) is a good example of this, where a privately-owned Country Park has opened access for canoeing during the winter, providing economic and social benefits both to the Park itself and to other local businesses. We also recognise that appropriate management measures, such as river level indicators (which paddlers already use extensively in making decisions when and where to go) and share the space initiatives (such as those promoted by the Canal & Rivers Trust on their towpaths) can be valuable to promote responsible use and protect both the environment and the interests of other users and local communities provided they are based on sound, undisputed evidence (e.g. of environmental and other impacts). We would also encourage the greater use of signage at key access points; and readily-available information online and printed; to explain both access arrangements and codes of conduct. We also recognise the occasional need for payment for access (across land, not along the waterway) where this can be shown to be necessary to defray the costs of access provision provided that such costs are both reasonable and transparent. Our survey respondents have confirmed that canoeists are generally willing to share water with other users and do not wish to see others enjoyment of the environment impacted by us. Nevertheless, we recognise that responsible recreational access may, at times, need to be managed, whether through shared use arrangements or other mechanisms, on those few waterways where there is a well-evidenced, independently-agreed inability of the waterway to support full-time joint use. We envisage rivers needing such an arrangement to be the exception, not the rule; and that they should be initiated only when there is clear evidence that unmanaged access and responsible behaviour has failed (and not simply because canoeing arrangements for certain rivers already exist at landowners behest and without the full support of paddlers). We would also expect all such arrangements, as a minimum, to meet the criteria at Annex D, which are set out in our Position Statement on the Shared Use of Rivers [6]. However, our recent experience in attempting to negotiate shared use arrangements has convinced us that this is not possible without both an independent and authoritative mediator and without all users being represented fairly and having clear rights and responsibilities as would be achieved through proposals 14, 16 and 26. Proposal 15 does, therefore, have the potential for establishing a new mechanism for fair, independent mediation in instances where greater partnership between users is needed. We believe that a statutory body would be best placed to perform this facilitation / mediation role and that there is greater potential in having a single, national body responsible for this process rather than spreading it across multiple, poorly-resourced Local Authorities or non-public bodies. However, there are several issues arising from these proposals which must be addressed to gain the full support of the UK paddling community: a) We are greatly concerned that NRW will have conflicts of interest between this role and its existing regulatory role in conservation and water management and its income and spend through the angling rod licence. We would therefore expect to see comprehensive safeguards put in place to manage such conflicts of interest within NRW, with a clearly defined and independent review / escalation process to enable all users to feel confident in its approach. b) We are also greatly concerned that NRW does not currently; and may not in the future; have the resources to fulfil this role. We therefore seek assurance on how you will ensure that NRW is properly resourced to perform this role (including an effective means of reporting and dealing with conflicts). 12

13 c) We would welcome your confirmation that you would regard Access Arrangements as the exception, rather than the rule; to be adopted only after unmanaged access has been proven ineffective (with a presumption of access remaining in place until more specific arrangements have been agreed, to avoid mediation processes becoming drawn-out talking shops ); and that they must meet all the criteria defined in our Position Statement on the Shared Use of Rivers; and should be reviewed on a regular (e.g. annual) basis. d) We would also welcome your confirmation that, in setting about identifying future access and egress points, nothing is done by NRW to remove existing access points used regularly by canoeists today, until alternatives have been made available. e) We would also welcome the statutory authority having powers to compel the removal of obstacles to navigation (discussed earlier) and hazards to river users (such as boardwalks that have recently been installed on the River Usk for which NRW has no authority to require their removal, despite them posing a risk to the lives of unwary paddlers); with a clear, closed-loop procedure for reporting and dealing with such hazards. f) We would expect any permanent or temporary restrictions imposed by e.g. river level indicators to be based on sound evidence of environmental or other verifiable impact and shared in a collaborative, open way to build confidence with users. We would therefore welcome your assurance on this point. g) We are concerned that river-level gauges should only be used to promote responsible use, not to restrict access inappropriately. For example, on fast-flooding or fast-ebbing rivers, gauges may not necessarily provide an accurate prediction of river levels; and there has been a tendency in the past to set acceptable levels at inappropriately high precautionary levels. If these concerns are addressed, we believe that these proposals could help to deliver improved consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities; provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment; and provide significant clarification about rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors. D. Extending Public Access to the Coast We welcome and support strongly your proposals to extend public access to the coast (with 98% of our survey respondents strongly supporting our response): Proposal 13: To extend CRoW Act access land to the coast and cliffs We believe that designating sea cliffs and the foreshore on all tidal waterways in Wales as Access Land would improve public access for the purposes of open-air recreation. This would create more legitimate access and egress points, landing places and (in conjunction with proposal 11) wild-camping sites for paddlers around Wales (as well as providing legitimate access to sea cliffs for climbers). We would also support appropriate, evidence-based restrictions where required for environmental protection (e.g. to protect nesting birds and resting seals; or to prevent erosion) and safety (e.g. firing ranges, power stations, oil terminals and harbours). We believe that this proposal will deliver improved consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities; provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment; and provide clarification to ensure that the public, land managers and others are clear about their rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors. E. Changing the Nature of Public Rights of Way We note with interest your proposals to change the nature of Public Rights of Way (PRoW) (with 92% of our survey respondents strongly supporting our response): Proposal 10: To enable cycling and horse riding on footpaths Proposal 21: To introduce provisions to allow flexibility in relation to stock control measures on public rights of way Allowing cycling and horse-riding on footpaths is not something we feel qualified to comment on: we can see pros and cons of this proposal, so will defer to those more directly affected. However, this proposal does indicate your willingness to consider modifying legislation around the use of footpaths, so we suggest that you also take this opportunity to correct a potential anomaly that could reduce the impact of your 13

14 proposals to extend access rights to waterways and the coast. It is not currently clear whether there is an automatic right to take small, non-motorised boats on a public footpath (they have not been designated specifically by the courts as a natural accompaniment to walking), so this could cause problems in reaching new access and egress points if landowners were to object to walkers carrying or wheeling boats. We also understand that carrying boats may currently be excluded explicitly by byelaws in some public forested Access Land in Wales. We broadly support the introduction of provisions to allow flexibility in relation to stock control measures on public rights of way (and would welcome and support the provision of canoe-friendly gates and stiles wherever appropriate). Although not directly addressed by these proposals, stock control fences and water-gates across rivers and other waterways very often pose a significant hazard to canoeists, particularly on smaller rivers in rural areas, which we believe will need to be addressed in the light of your other proposals. The use of heavy wooden cattle gates, common on some rivers, poses an impenetrable barrier to navigation; while equally-commonly, strands of wire at head-height across rivers pose an almostinvisible threat to life. On the other hand, we have seen examples of canoe-friendly stock fencing across rivers where plastic poles are suspended from a high wire, allowing boats to pass while deterring animals so we believe there is much that could be done to improve the current situation. We therefore urge you to take the opportunity to: a) include explicitly the manual carrying and wheeling of small, non-motorised boats (e.g. using portage trolleys for canoes, kayaks and SUPs) for the purpose of access and egress to waterways for openair recreation in the public rights available on footpaths and on all Access Land including public forestry; and b) extend the removal of stock fences to those across rivers and other inland waterways, incorporating provisions for working with landowners (perhaps facilitated by NRW) to balance land management issues against the clear safety implications of such barriers (requiring their removal wherever possible as covered in our earlier comments relating to access along waterways or, where stock fencing across waterways is proven to be essential, or impractical to remove, to require the use of canoefriendly barrier designs and/or provision of warning signs and portage routes). If these concerns are addressed, we believe that these proposals could help to deliver improved consistency in the opportunities available for participation in different activities; provide effective safeguards for land management and the natural environment; and provide clarification to ensure that the public, land managers and others are clear about their rights, responsibilities and duties in relation to access to the outdoors Identifying, Designating and Recording Publicly Accessible Areas You have asked: Question 16: Will these proposals deliver a more integrated and up to date system for identifying, designating and recording publicly accessible areas? We believe that the proposals already discussed will contribute to delivering a more integrated system for designating publicly accessible areas. Nevertheless, we believe the main contributions in this area will be from your proposals for statutory mapping and improving the administration of access arrangements. A. Statutory Mapping We support your proposal to provide statutory mapping: Proposal 19: To enable the development of one statutory map of accessible areas and green infrastructure. Layers of mapping would initially include CRoW access land (including water), public rights of way and designations, including, National Trails. Legislation would need to allow further layers to be identified and added This would provide a one stop shop of online information about accessible land and water in Wales, which would benefit both users and land managers and supplement existing guidebooks and social networks developed by the paddling community to provide information on access, routes, hazards and 14

15 environmental conditions. We believe that this proposal will help to deliver a more integrated and up to date system for identifying and recording publicly accessible areas. B. Improving Administration of Access Arrangements We support your proposals to improve the administration of access arrangements: Proposal 22: To amend the requirement for a decadal review of access maps to a process of continual review Proposal 23: To create a requirement on local authorities and National Park Authorities to develop integrated access plans to take effect anytime up to the date of the next review in 2027 Proposal 25: To repeal unwanted provisions in the CRoW Act. In particular those relating to the 2026 cut-off date for historical routes under sections of the CRoW Act Proposal 27: To review the regulations and guidance relating to local access forums with a view to updating and clarifying their role and membership We believe these proposals will help to simplify and improve administrative arrangements. However, we note that Local Authorities are already under considerable strain in their efforts to comply with the current regulations for monitoring, maintaining and amending access databases such as the Definitive Maps which is vital to providing a well-managed and protected network of Rights of Way. While we have no issue with the proposals outlined, we urge you to: a) ensure a system that supports councils and other bodies in following their statutory duties to review, amend and consult regarding the mapping and modification of Rights of Way. Councils are already running many years behind their statutory targets for Definitive Map Modification Orders, for example so any changes must not allow for the removal of statutory targets to process such claims; b) work closely with the outdoor access and recreation community, landowners and land managers and Local Authorities to ensure the new system works for all; and c) provide for full representation of waterways interests on Local Access Forums. If these concerns are addressed, we believe that these proposals will help to deliver a more integrated and up to date system for identifying and recording publicly accessible areas Costs and Benefits You have asked: Question 37: Do consultees have any other comments or useful information on the costs and benefits in relation to any of the proposals in this Consultation? We suggest that the main costs associated with implementing your proposals (with our additional suggestions) to improve access in Wales for recreational paddlesport would be: a) additional staff resources for NRW to perform its new statutory role; b) additional staff resource for Canoe Wales to liaise with NRW and with partners across Wales regarding agreement of a statutory code; definitions of new access land; mapping; identifying access and egress points; negotiating management arrangements where required, etc. c) costs to landowners for installation and maintenance of additional, physical access and egress points, portage points, signage etc. (which we might expect users to be willing to contribute towards, especially on private land); d) costs to landowners for removal of obstructions to navigation and/or establishment of portage routes around permanent obstructions; e) a potential reduction in the existing amenity value of fishing rights on riparian land although experience in Scotland would suggest that this could be insignificant and certainly less than angling bodies would wish us to believe, since we believe that anglers would continue to use rivers as much as they do now, even in the presence of increased paddlesport activity. However, we believe these costs would be heavily outweighed by the potential benefits of improving access in Wales for recreational paddlesport, summed up neatly by one of our survey respondents: 15

16 It makes sound sense to make it easy for people to enjoy the outdoors. Car parks, clean toilets and informative or educational signs improve areas and encourage responsible tourism. Outdoor activities broaden horizons, develop personal skills, provide personal challenges and generate shared experiences with others, which in turn lead to positive benefits for the whole community UK wide, not least in terms of physical and mental well-being. I developed my love of the natural world age 14 with Guide and Scout adventure weekends in Wales from Surrey. I still live in Surrey and returned many times for 35 years in a leadership role to all parts of Wales until about 10 years ago. I rarely travel to Wales now for walking, kayaking or cycling as it is not as user-friendly as other areas in the UK. Outdoor lovers are not made to feel welcome, car parking is never easy, toilet facilities are poor. Good examples of best practice are New Zealand and Slovenia where the state provides free access, parking, toilets and signage for all kinds of activity and this generates business opportunities, accommodation and tourism which leads to local diversification and prosperity. We have included our comments on the benefits of your proposals, insofar as they relate to paddlesport, by reference to your seven Well-Being Goals : 9 A. A Prosperous Wales You wish to see an innovative, productive and low carbon society which recognises the limits of the global environment and therefore uses resources efficiently and proportionately (including acting on climate change); and which develops a skilled and well-educated population in an economy which generates wealth and provides employment opportunities, allowing people to take advantage of the wealth generated through securing decent work. Increased recreational canoeing access can bring more money and jobs into communities across Wales, with considerable potential for localised benefit (as is already evident in canoeing hotspot towns like Llangollen and Bala). Much paddlesport activity takes place in the winter months when other tourist activities are quieter; and beyond the usual tourist hotspots in our national parks. We understand that a study of the River Spey has shown how canoeing has made a direct financial impact on local communities, whereas other sporting income (from fishing and hunting) stays within the 'estates'. In a 2014 study [7], canoeing was the most popular watersport activity and more than 6.1 million canoeing trips were estimated to have been taken by 1.2 million people in This data suggests that the average participant spends a total of per day visit and per night for overnight trips and that 77% (4.7 million) of canoeing trips are day activities vs 23% (1.39 million) overnight trips. The average group size for canoeing is 10.4, spending an average of 3.5 nights away when undertaking overnight trips. Canoeing activity had a combined spend of 461M of which 1.53M was for day trips and 308M for overnight trips. We estimated that 9% of all UK boating tourism in Wales, meaning that canoeing currently represents an annual spend of some 40M in Wales; and the Wales Visitor Survey 2013 showed that 30% were motivated to take part in outdoor activities during their trip. [8, p. 10]. We would expect these figures to increase substantially with improvements in access to inland waterways 9 Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015, available at 16