Instructor Guide. Copyright 2010 Boat Ed,

Transcription

1 Instructor Guide

2 A Teaching Guide to Responsible Paddling Published by Boat Ed, a division of Kalkomey Enterprises, Inc., Proton Road, Dallas, TX 75244, Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2010 by Boat Ed. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any process without permission in writing from Boat Ed. Effort has been made to make this publication as complete and accurate as possible. All references contained in this publication have been compiled from sources believed to be reliable, and to represent the best current opinion on the subject. Boat Ed is not responsible or liable for any claims, liabilities, damages, or other adverse effects or consequences to any person or property caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly from the application or use of the information contained in this publication. P Danforth is a registered trademark of Tie Down Engineering, Inc. Kevlar is a registered trademark of DuPont. PowerPoint is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from Boating Education programs is available to all individuals without regard to their race, color, national origin, sex, age, or handicap. Complaints of discrimination should be sent to the Office for Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of Interior, Office of the Secretary, Washington, DC

3 Teaching the Paddlesports Safety Course Preparing To Teach Follow these steps to teach confidently and effectively. Master the subject matter, and plan how to present it. Familiarize yourself with the instructor aids available to you. Class Plan (see pages 4-5). A two-page quick reference that gives a recommended schedule for a four-hour class. Lesson Plans (see pages 6-21). Overview of the Student Manual, including the following: --Objectives. Statements of what students should have learned at completion of the lesson. These will help you set goals and keep on course. --Suggested Props. List of props to bring with you to class. Using these props in addition to this Teaching Guide, the Student Manual, and the PowerPoint presentation will help you present the material. --Topic and Suggested Method of Presentation. A summary of the material covered in that section with ideas for ways to present the material beyond simply repeating what is in the Student Manual and on the PowerPoint presentation. In the margins for each topic, you will see these icons: indicates the page number of the Student Manual on which the material is covered. indicates that there are also illustrations in the Student Manual you may want to use. --Review Questions. Questions to ask to determine students comprehension of the material covered in that lesson. Student Manual. You should study all of the material in the Student Manual before you teach. PowerPoint Presentation. You should watch the PowerPoint presentation before you teach to decide how you want to incorporate it into your lessons. A summary to use at the end of each lesson to review the most important points is included also. Decide what level of printed instructor aids is appropriate for you. Your teaching experience and familiarity with the material will determine which printed aids you need to use to prepare to teach and what to have in front of you while teaching. Experienced. If you have taught this course before and are well acquainted with the material, the lesson objectives, and classroom activities, you may only need to use the Class Plan. This plan will help you keep on schedule and remind you of the key topics to be covered in each lesson. Familiar. If you are familiar with all of the material in the Student Manual but have not taught the material before, you will want to use both the Class Plan and the Lesson Plans provided in this guide. The Lesson Plans will help you focus on the key information, plan how to present it, and give you ideas for questions and activities to reinforce the learning. Novice. If you are new to some of the material and have not taught this course before, you will want to use the Class Plan and the Lesson Plans provided in this guide, as well as the Student Manual. You may want to organize a three-ring binder and put each chapter of the Student Manual behind the Lesson Plan for that chapter. Choose and obtain the teaching aids you want to use. Variation in the presentation of the material is essential to holding the attention of students and helping them retain the information. Even adults have an attention span of only minutes, so breaking up the class routine with various teaching aids is critical. Consider using: Props. Decide which of the props in the Lesson Plans you want to use, and add any of your own. Audio/visual aids. In addition to the PowerPoint presentation, you may wish to copy illustrations from the Student Manual to transparencies to display using an overhead projector. Sample documents. Get samples of documents such as a registration form, a certificate of registration, a validation decal, an accident report form, the U.S. Coast Guard s Navigation Rules, and a float plan. Guest speakers. Ask a U.S. Coast Guard officer, law enforcement officer, or marine industry professional to speak for minutes. The guest appearance of a law enforcement official is an excellent way to reinforce the message that boating safety isn t just a good idea it s the law! 3

4 Principles of Learning Methods Discover how people learn by studying the principles of learning methods. These principles demonstrate that to teach effectively, we must use different teaching techniques to reach all individuals. Students remember Teaching Techniques For each chapter, do the following: Tell the students what you will teach them. Teach the lesson. Summarize what they should have learned. An effective way to achieve this is by doing the following. Introduction. Briefly state the lesson s objectives. Lecture, hands-on activities, and questions. --Reinforce the key safety, responsibility, and legal topics. --Encourage discussion and questions from students. --Use props, sample documents, the PowerPoint presentation, or visual displays as needed. --Ask review questions aloud, and have students answer aloud. If there is any confusion, clarify the material. Summarize. Restate key points. Observe these teaching do s. Teach with confidence. Remember, you know the material better than anyone else in the room. Treat the students courteously. Let the students know that there are no dumb questions. Speak clearly and loudly enough to be heard in the back of the room. Vary your voice to avoid monotony. Use volume, inflection, and pauses to emphasize key points. Divide course material with other instructors, if possible. The break for students will avoid monotony and help with the responsibility of teaching a class. Maintain eye contact with your students. This keeps their interest and helps you assess their comprehension. Encourage discussion. For example, ask the students to explain the benefits of boating safety practices or the dangers of unsafe practices. Encourage participation in demonstrations. If no one volunteers, select someone to help with a demonstration. Also make sure to give every student an opportunity to participate. When releasing the students for a break, clearly indicate when you plan to resume the class. Be punctual when you start class and resume after breaks. Take a minute break at least every 1½ to 2 hours. Maintain order in the classroom remember that you are in charge. Encourage students to follow along in the Student Manual. 4

5 Avoid these teaching don ts. Don t simply read the material. Instead, speak to the students, paraphrasing in your own words. Don t allow one or two students to dominate the class discussion. Try to get all to participate. Don t allow yourself to get off schedule. Otherwise, you will not be able to cover all of the material. Avoid telling war stories. Instead, use concise descriptions of personal experience only to make important points. Don t use profanity or tell off-color jokes. You will lose respect as an instructor. Avoid annoying or distracting mannerisms, such as jingling coins in your pocket or twirling a pointer. Avoid using demonstrations by the instructor. Do this only when it is impossible or impractical for the students themselves to do the demonstrating. Don t let your cell phone interrupt your teaching. Return any calls you receive during breaks. Preparing the Classroom Arrive at least a half hour prior to the start of the course. Confirm that the classroom is furnished with the following: Appropriate lighting Climate control (heat or air conditioner) Ample space, free of barriers and obstructions Adequate seating for all students Clean, working restrooms Clean drinking water Telephone, in case of an emergency First-aid kit (optional) Develop an emergency evacuation plan for each facility you use. Set up the following: Computer with PowerPoint presentation Flip chart with markers Overhead projector Table with relevant demonstration items or equipment Distribute manuals, certificate applications, and other materials. Beginning the Class Introduce yourself and your team of instructors. Welcome everyone. Thank the host club, organization, agency, or facility. Offer help for those with special needs. Review the schedule, including breaks, and the location of the restroom facilities. Explain that there is no smoking during the class and how smokers may be accommodated during breaks. Check for proper paperwork (if necessary). Describe any exams or other paperwork that are to be completed at the end of the course. If the class is small enough, ask the students to introduce themselves and tell briefly what they hope to learn from the class. Mention some of the props around the room that you will be referring to during the class. Introduce the next speaker and lesson topic. 5

6 The Paddlesports Safety Course Class Plan This Class Plan lists the key topics to be covered in the course, along with the start times and the amount of time you should spend on each lesson. It is recommended that you use this Class Plan to remember the topics you need to cover and to keep the class on schedule. If you are teaching the course as a full-day class, be sure to include an hour lunch break midday. Start Time Duration Key Topics Suggested Props 0:00 10 min Kick Off Class logistics Course introduction 0:10 20 min Lesson One: Know Your Paddlecraft Canoe Drawings or photographs of canoes that show the different Canoe and kayak parts terms and characteristics to be discussed definitions Kayak Paddlecraft types, hull shapes and materials, size, weight Drawings or photographs of kayaks that show the different characteristics to be discussed Samples of different types of hull materials Canoe and kayak paddles Canoe paddles at least two that are different lengths and have different shafts Kayak paddles at least two that have different feathering; lengths; and blades that are different widths, symmetrical or asymmetrical, and flat or spoon shapes 0:30 30 min Lesson Two: Before You Get Underway Paddlecraft capacity Float plans Transporting a canoe or kayak Pre-departure check Clothing, hat or helmet, footwear, and gloves Loading a paddlecraft Maintenance and storage Operator s responsibilities 1:00 40 min Lesson Three: Operating Your Boat Safely Boarding and exiting Securing a paddlecraft Sharing the waterway with others U.S. Aids to Navigation System Hazards on rivers, lakes, and coastal seas Fishing and hunting Sample capacity plate Owner s manual Blank float plan for each person in the class Cartop carrier rack or picture of a rack Canoe, kayak, or box Strip of carpet or other material Straps for securing a paddlecraft to a carrier rack Pre-departure checklist (use the PowerPoint presentation to create this) Examples or pictures of: The three layers of clothing, including a wetsuit or drysuit Hats and helmets Footwear (correct and incorrect) Gloves Gear that might be loaded into a canoe or kayak, such as water bottles, soda cans, and other items listed on page 13 of the manual Maintenance checklist (use PowerPoint presentation to create) Storage checklist (use PowerPoint presentation to create) Whistle Canoe or box and a paddle Kayak or box List of places that offer a hands-on paddling course Dock line or rope Boat fenders (bumpers) Pictures of various lateral and non-lateral markers found on waterways Marine chart (map) Tide chart 6

7 Start Time Duration Key Topics Suggested Props 1:40 10 min Break 1:50 50 min Lesson Four: The Legal Requirements of Boating Vessel numbering and documentation (registration, HIN) Age requirements for paddlers Unlawful operation Homeland security Alcohol and drug laws Personal flotation devices (life jackets) Required navigation lights Sound-producing devices and visual distress signals Trash disposal Protection of the environment Reporting accidents Enforcement of laws Your state s Boating Handbook (or other document that explains your state s boating laws) at least one and enough copies for each student also, if possible Sample Certificate of Number (registration card), if required for paddlecraft Canoe or kayak Examples of different types of PFDs (life jackets) or pictures of PFDs Lantern or flashlight with a white light Sound-producing devices, such as a whistle and/or a horn Non-pyrotechnic visual distress signals electric light and orange flag Chart showing various combinations of visual distress signals Pictures of the aquatic nuisance species that may be found in your area Non-phosphate detergent Boating Accident Report form for each student 2:40 45 min Lesson Five: Boating Emergencies What To Do Risk management laws for life jackets Boating accidents capsizing, swamping, and falling overboard Emergency rescue techniques Personal injuries cold water immersion and hypothermia, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, heat cramps, and dehydration Weather emergencies 3:25 5 min Break Canoe, kayak, or box Paddles Life jackets that are different sizes One or more life jackets that are not in good condition Cooler (ice chest) Bowl of ice water Pictures that illustrate hypothermia, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, heat cramps, and dehydration Blank chart for discussion of hypothermia and heat-related illnesses one for each student; list Hypothermia, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Stroke, Heat Cramps, and Dehydration across the top and label the sections Prevention, Symptoms, and Treatment with the items for each section listed below (refer to the PowerPoint presentation to help you create the blank chart) Portable radio (a weather radio, if possible) 3:30 30 min Certification Exam 7

8 Lesson One Know Your Paddlecraft Start Time 0:10 Objectives The students should be able to Identify the basic parts of a canoe and a kayak. List the basic types of paddlecraft. Explain how the characteristics of paddlecraft, such as the hull shape, hull material, length and width, and weight, affect their speed, maneuverability, and stability. Explain how to select a paddle for a canoe or kayak Learning the Parts of a Canoe Topic: Every paddler should know the terms for the different parts of a canoe. Use the PowerPoint presentation beginning with the illustration of the canoe with the names of the parts deleted. Explain each part. If you have a canoe available, also point out the parts on the boat. Stern Keel or centerline Starboard Stern and bow seats Hull Beam Port Gunwale Freeboard Bow Thwart Draft Learning the Parts of a Kayak Topic: Every paddler should know the terms for the different parts of a kayak. Use the PowerPoint presentation beginning with the illustration of the kayak with the names of the parts deleted. Explain each part. If you have a kayak available, also point out the parts on the boat. Stern Port Toggle or grab handle Starboard Deck Bow Hull Cockpit coaming Cockpit Keel or centerline Hatch Spray skirt For those parts that are the same as the canoe, such as the bow and stern, ask the students to name the part. Understanding Paddlecraft Characteristics Topic: To select the appropriate canoe or kayak, the paddler must know which features will work best for the type of outing, the waterway, and his or her ability. Basic Types: Both canoes and kayaks are designed for particular types of outings and waterways. Use the PowerPoint presentation to present the three major types of paddlecraft. As each one is listed, discuss it, including what type of paddling each one is designed for and its main features. White-water paddlecraft Recreational paddlecraft Touring paddlecraft, including an explanation of initial stability and secondary stability Hull Shapes: Another characteristic of paddlecraft which must be considered is the shape of the hull. Using the PowerPoint presentation, show each shape and discuss its features. --Bottom shapes flat, round, and vee --Side shapes for canoes straight, tumblehome, and flare --Bow-to-stern rocker shape rockered or flat To review the information, use models or photographs of canoes and/or kayaks and ask the students to tell the bottom shape, side shape (for canoes), and rocker shape. 8

9 Hull Materials: The hull material affects the durability, maintenance, weight, and cost of your paddlecraft. Use the PowerPoint presentation to list the types of hull materials that are available. For each one, discuss its features and cost. Show samples of as many different materials as possible. Polyethylene plastic hulls Kevlar hulls PolyLink3/triple tough hulls Aluminum hulls Fiberglass hulls Wooden or wooden strip hulls Thermoform or ABS hulls Length and Width: The length and width of a paddlecraft affect its speed and maneuverability. Using the PowerPoint presentation, compare these features of paddlecraft. --Long vs. short --Wide vs. narrow Ask the students questions such as the following. --If you want to go faster and you don t have to worry about stability, what type of paddlecraft would you select? Answer: long and narrow --If you are a beginner and need a paddlecraft that is more maneuverable and more stable, what type would you select? Answer: shorter and wider Weight: Look for a good balance between weight and durability when choosing a paddlecraft. Explain when the weight of paddlecraft is a factor that should be considered. Summarizing Paddlecraft Characteristics: Using the same models or photographs from the discussion of hull shapes, help the students decide when each hull would be used. Discuss: Where the paddlecraft would be used white-water rapids, calm rivers, sheltered coastlines, etc. and When it would be used speed is important, maneuverability vs. stability, etc. and Who would be using it beginners, experienced paddlers, etc. Selecting Your Paddle Topic: You select your paddle for the type of craft you will be using a canoe or a kayak. Canoe Paddles: Every canoeist should know the terms for the different parts of a canoe paddle and how to select the correct paddle. Use the PowerPoint presentation beginning with the canoe paddle with the names of the parts deleted. Explain each part. If you have a paddle available, also point out the parts. --Blade --Grip --Tip --Back face --Shaft --Throat --Power face Length: Canoeists should select the length of paddle that is best for them. --Using two paddles that are different lengths, follow the first procedure in the Student Manual to demonstrate how to determine if a paddle is the correct length. (If possible, one paddle should have a straight shaft and the other should have a bent shaft.) Have a student hold each one to see if either paddle is the correct length. Repeat the above with another student. --Simulate selecting a paddle following the second procedure. Have a student sit in a chair at the front of the room, and hold a piece of paper at water level. Check to see if either paddle is the correct length. Repeat the above with another student. Shaft: Canoeists also should consider the type of shaft when selecting a paddle. --Use the PowerPoint presentation as you explain when each type of shaft works best. Straight shaft Bent shaft --Using the two paddles from above, tell what type of shaft each one has. 9

10 8 Kayak Paddles: Parts: Every kayaker should know the terms for the different parts of a kayak paddle. Use the PowerPoint presentation beginning with the illustration of the kayak paddle with the names of the parts deleted. As you name each part, explain what it is. If you have paddle available, also point out its parts. Be sure to point out the differences between canoe paddles and kayak paddles, mentioning particularly the number of blades. --Blade --Shaft --Grip --Throat Feathering and Length: Kayakers should select the paddle with the feathering and length that are best for them. --Explain what feathering is. Then show two paddles with different feathering, and tell what the degree of feathering is on each one. --Using two paddles that are different lengths, show how to determine if the paddle is the correct length by following the procedure in the Student Manual. Have a student hold each paddle to see if either one is the correct length. Repeat the above with another student. --Explain that other factors also affect the length of paddle they might use. Discuss how the type of outing could affect their decision. White-water paddling Touring paddling Recreational paddling Blades: Kayakers also should consider the features of the blade when selecting a paddle. --Width: Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the three types of paddling and discuss which blade width is best. * White-water paddling * Touring paddling * Recreational paddling Using the paddles from above, ask the students about the width of the blades and when you would use each. --Symmetrical vs. Asymmetrical Blades: Using the PowerPoint presentation, give an overview of the two types of blades. Show drawings or photographs of paddles with each type of blade and discuss who would use them. Using the paddles from above, ask the students what type of blade each one has. --Flat vs. Spoon Blades: Using the PowerPoint presentation, give an overview of the two blade shapes. Show drawings or photographs of paddle blades in the two different shapes and discuss when you would use them. Using the paddles from above, ask the students what shape blade each one has. Review Questions 1. Which side of a boat is the port side? Answer: left 2. Which part of the boat is the stern? Answer: rear 3. What are the three basic types of canoes and kayaks? Answer: white-water, recreational, and touring 4. What is a boat s initial (primary) stability? Answer: its stability when it sits still and flat in the water 5. What are the three basic shapes for the bottom of the hull on canoes and kayaks? Answer: flat bottom, round bottom, and vee bottom 6. What are three common hull materials? Answer: Any three of: polyethylene plastic, PolyLink3/triple tough, fiberglass, thermoform or ABS, Kevlar, aluminum, and wood or wooden strip 7. When you say that a kayak paddle has feathered blades, what do you mean? Answer: The blades are at an angle to each other, usually 90 degrees. 8. What paddle-blade shape best grabs the water for more power? Answer: spoon 10

11 Chapter Lesson Two One / Page 11 Before You Get Underway Start Time 0:30 Objectives The students should be able to Explain how to find a paddlecraft s capacity. Prepare a proper float plan. Describe the correct way to transport a canoe or kayak. Describe the proper way to dress for a paddlecraft trip. Explain how to load gear into a paddlecraft properly. Explain how to maintain and store a paddlecraft. Name the responsibilities they have when paddling with others Knowing Your Paddlecraft s Capacity Topic: Every paddler should know how to find their paddlecraft s capacity. Show the sample capacity plate in the PowerPoint presentation, and explain the information on it. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list places where you can find the capacity information for a paddlecraft. Show the capacity information given in an owner s manual. Use the rule-of-thumb formula and PowerPoint presentation to show how to calculate the capacity (number of people and weight of people) for a canoe that is 17 feet long and 3 feet wide. Filing a Float Plan Topic: Paddlers always should let someone know the plans for their outing. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the basic information that should be left with a responsible person. Pass out blank float plans. Discuss the questions and why the answers are important. Transporting Your Paddlecraft Topic: Most canoes and kayaks are transported on top of a vehicle. When transporting a paddlecraft on a carrier rack on top of a vehicle, paddlers should know how to load it and secure it properly. If you brought a canoe or kayak to the class on top of your vehicle, take students outside while you present this topic. Otherwise, use the PowerPoint presentation. Choosing a Cartop Carrier Rack: Instead of using the luggage rack on a vehicle, paddlers must use a cartop carrier rack that is designed for a canoe or kayak. Show the students either a carrier rack or a picture of a carrier rack to explain how it is strong enough and designed to hold the boat securely. Emphasize that the rack must be attached to the top of the vehicle securely. Mounting the Boat on a Cartop Rack: Paddlers should know how to load a canoe or kayak onto a cartop rack and secure the boat in place. Work with students to load a canoe or kayak onto an actual cartop carrier rack. If you do not have a boat and carrier rack available to demonstrate this topic, set up a row of chairs in the classroom to act as the vehicle. Using a boat (or a box as a substitute for a boat) and a strip of carpet or other material, follow the steps in the PowerPoint presentation and have two students load the boat onto the vehicle. Using straps designed to secure a boat to a cartop rack, have other students follow the steps in the PowerPoint presentation to secure the boat (or box) to the rack or to the row of chairs. Tips: Paddlers should be aware of these additional tips when transporting a paddlecraft. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the additional tips for transporting a paddlecraft. 11

12 Transporting a Motor: For canoes with an optional motor, paddlers must know how to transport the motor. Explain that the motor can be transported separately or attached to the canoe before you leave. For a canoe that has the motor attached to it, use the PowerPoint presentation to discuss the proper way to use a trailer to transport the canoe. Conducting a Pre-Departure Check Topic: For safety on the water, paddlers should complete a pre-departure checklist before going boating. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the items that should be included on a checklist as you discuss each one. Be sure to include the items that all paddlers and passengers should wear. Pass out checklists for the students to take with them. Dressing for a Paddlecraft Trip Topic: Since paddlers, especially kayakers, often end up in the water, dressing properly is critical. Selecting Your Clothing: Since the water can be much colder than the air, dressing in layers allows you to remove or add clothing as necessary. Explain the 120 Rule for wearing a wetsuit or drysuit. Show examples (or pictures) and the PowerPoint presentation as you discuss each layer of clothing. --Discuss why cotton should not be worn as the first layer. --Be sure to include a life jacket. Selecting a Hat or Helmet: Paddlers should consider wearing a hat or helmet. Show examples (or pictures) of hats and helmets as you discuss when you would wear each one and its advantages. Selecting Appropriate Footwear: Paddlers should select footwear that is appropriate to their outing. As you show examples (or pictures) of different types of footwear, including some (such as flip-flops) that would not be appropriate, discuss fit and features. Selecting Gloves: Wearing gloves can protect a paddler s hands. Show examples (or pictures) of different types of paddling gloves, and discuss how they can protect a paddler s hands. Loading Gear in a Paddlecraft Topic: Since paddlers usually take along a lot of gear and supplies, paddlers should know how to load the boat properly to avoid capsizes or steering difficulties. Show the illustration in the PowerPoint presentation to give students an overview of how to load a paddlecraft. Using a canoe or kayak (or chairs or a box), show the students where various items should be loaded into the boat to keep it stable, asking students where they think some of the items should go. Load some bottles and cans so that they will roll around to demonstrate how irritating it can be. Have a student sit in the boat with a soda can between his or her legs. Ask the student to try to get out of the boat without removing the can. Maintaining and Storing Your Paddlecraft Topic: Maintaining and storing a paddlecraft properly will extend its life. On a canoe or kayak, show how to perform a maintenance check on the boat and equipment. If a boat is not available, use the PowerPoint presentation to list the items that should be checked to keep the boat well-maintained. Pass out a maintenance checklist for students to take with them. Show how to store the boat and equipment properly. If a boat is not available, use the PowerPoint presentation to list the steps to follow to store the boat and equipment. Pass out a storage checklist for students to take with them. Show the maintenance schedule that is included in the owner s manual.

13 15 Knowing Your Responsibilities When Paddling With Others Topic: Before paddling with passengers or with other boats, paddlers should discuss common rules and communication methods. Ask the students what their skill levels are. Use this information to show how you would decide the route for your outing and how long it will take. Pretend that you are taking the students on an outing. Using the checklist in the PowerPoint presentation, go over the information that they need to know before leaving. With the students using a pen or pencil as a substitute for a paddle: Do the hand and paddle signals as a group as you display each one on the PowerPoint presentation. Have the students demonstrate the signals without the PowerPoint presentation as you call them out at random. Agree with the students what different whistle signals will mean. Then blow the whistle, and have students tell you what it means. Review Questions 1. What does a boat s capacity information tell you? Answer: the maximum number of people and/or the weight the boat can carry safely in good weather 2. What three things should be included on your float plan before you embark on an extended outing? Answer: i. boat s description: size, make, etc. ii. passengers/others with you: number, names, and addresses iii. trip plan: destination, route, expected departure and return times 3. Can you use the luggage rack on your car to transport a paddlecraft instead of getting a special carrier rack? Answer: no 4. What are the three tie-down connections that are used to secure a paddlecraft to a carrier rack? Answer: i. Tie the strap to one side of the carrier, go across the paddlecraft, and tie the strap on the other side of the carrier. ii. Tie the paddlecraft s bow to the front bumper of the car. iii. Tie the paddlecraft s stern to the rear bumper of the car. 5. What are three things on the pre-departure checklist that all paddlers and passengers should wear? Answer: may include: a life jacket with a whistle attached appropriate clothing for the conditions a hat or helmet sunscreen 6. What are three reasons that you should not wear cotton as the first layer of clothing when dressing for a paddlecraft trip? Answer: i. It absorbs moisture. ii. It dries slowly when it gets wet. iii. It is a poor heat insulator. 7. What do you want to avoid when selecting footwear? Answer: It should not hinder your swimming or fall off too easily if you capsize. 8. What are three ways that gloves can protect your hands? Answer: may include: They help prevent blisters. They keep your hands warm so that you can hold onto the paddle. They prevent sunburn. They protect against rocks in white-water capsizes. 9. What can happen if you hold a container between your legs while paddling? Answer: It can make it difficult to pull your legs from the boat if you capsize. 10. What are three maintenance tips for checking the hull when your boat is out of the water? Answer: may include: Remove oxidation. Check for damage from rocks. Patch any cracks or holes. Clean the hull. Check wooden canoes for dry rot and wet rot. Treat the hull with an appropriate UV inhibitor if recommended. 11. What is the operator of a boat responsible for ensuring that everyone understands? Answer: common rules and communication methods 12. Demonstrate the following hand and paddle signals: i. Stop ii. Help/Emergency iii. All clear iv. I m OK Answer: (show drawings) 13

14 Chapter Lesson Three One / Page 14 Operating Your Boat Safely Start Time 1:00 Objectives The students should be able to Demonstrate how to board a canoe and a kayak from a shoreline and from a dock. Demonstrate how to exit a canoe and a kayak. Demonstrate how to secure a paddlecraft on shore or at a dock. List safety procedures to take when sharing the waterway with others. Explain what to do when encountering the buoys and markers of the U.S. Aids to Navigation System. Describe the hazards that may be found on rivers, lakes, and coastal seas. List safety practices to follow when fishing or hunting from a canoe or kayak Boarding and Exiting Your Paddlecraft Topic: Paddlers should know the proper ways to board and exit a canoe or kayak. Boarding and Exiting a Canoe: Paddlers should know the proper way to board and exit a canoe from the shoreline and from a dock. As you explain the procedures, display the PowerPoint illustrations. Also emphasize the importance of keeping three points of contact. From a shoreline: --Set up the canoe (or box) on the floor ( shore ). Have one student board the canoe as you explain what to do. --Have the student exit the canoe as you tell him or her what to do. --With the same canoe (or box), instruct two students as they board the canoe. --Have the students exit the canoe as you tell them what to do. From a dock: --Set two chairs beside the canoe (or box) to act as a dock. Have one board the canoe as you tell him or her what to do. Include using the paddle for extra stability. --Have the student exit the canoe as you tell him or her what to do. --With the same canoe (or box) and chairs, instruct two students as they board the canoe. --Have the students exit the canoe as you tell them what to do. Boarding and Exiting a Kayak: Paddlers should know the proper way to board and exit a kayak from the shoreline and from a dock. As you explain the procedures, display the PowerPoint illustrations. Also emphasize the importance of keeping three points of contact. From a shoreline: --Set up the kayak (or box) on the floor ( shore ). Have one student board the kayak as you explain what to do. --Have the student exit the kayak as you tell him or her what to do. --With same kayak (or box), instruct two students as they board the kayak. --Have the students exit the kayak as you tell them what to do. From a dock: --Set two chairs beside the kayak (or box) to act as a dock. Have one student board the kayak as you explain what to do. --Have the student exit the kayak as you tell him or her what to do. --With same kayak (or box) and chairs, instruct two students as they board the kayak. --Have the students exit the kayak as you tell them what to do. Learning How To Paddle Topic: In addition to this course, students should take a hands-on course with a qualified instructor to learn how to paddle a canoe and/or kayak. Pass out a list of hands-on paddling courses that are available in your area, and list the strokes and techniques that may be included in a hands-on course. 14

15 Securing Your Paddlecraft Topic: Paddlers must secure their boat on the shoreline or at a dock so that it doesn t drift away. Set a canoe or kayak (or box) on the floor ( shore ). Set up a chair a few feet away to act as a tree. Have three different students secure the boat as you tell him or her what to do in each of the situations presented in the PowerPoint presentation. On a smooth, sandy shore On a rocky shore At a dock Sharing the Waterway With Others Topic: Since paddlecraft are small and difficult to see, paddlers must follow certain safety procedures when sharing the waterway with others. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list safety procedures to take when sharing the waterway with others as you discuss them. U.S. Aids to Navigation System (ATONS) Topic: The U.S. Aids to Navigation System uses buoys and other markers as traffic signals to guide paddlers along some waterways. Lateral Markers: Paddlers should know the meaning of the buoys and other lateral markers that indicate the edges of safe water areas. Use the PowerPoint presentation to show examples of the different types of lateral markers. --Nun --Lighted buoys --Square daymark --Can --Triangular daymark Explain the meaning of Red Right Returning. Variations on the U.S. Aids to Navigation System: Paddlers using the Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) and Western Rivers System should know the meaning of the lateral markers used on those waterways. Use the PowerPoint presentation to show examples of the different types of lateral markers used on the ICW and Western Rivers System. ICW markers with a yellow triangle or yellow square Western Rivers System daymarks Non-Lateral Markers: Paddlers should know the meaning of non-lateral markers that they will see while paddling. Use the PowerPoint presentation to show examples of the different types of non-lateral markers as you discuss them. Squares, diamonds, circles, and crossed diamonds Inland waters obstruction markers Safe water markers Mooring buoys Summarizing the U.S. Aids to Navigation System: Show pictures of different lateral and non-lateral markers. For each one, ask the students to tell you what they would do if they saw that marker. Learning About Local Hazards on Your Waterway Topic: Various hazards are found on waterways. Rivers and Lakes: Before boating on rivers and lakes, paddlers should be aware of any local hazards. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list and explain the hazards that may be found on rivers and lakes. Low-head dams Waterfalls Low Power Lines Strainers Bridges Changing water levels Rapids Fences 15

16 25 26 Coastal Seas: Before boating on coastal seas, paddlers should be aware of any local hazards. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list and explain the hazards that may be found on coastal seas. Tides Waves Rip currents Shipping lanes Summarizing Local Hazards on Your Waterway: To summarize the different types of hazards: Show a marine chart of a local river, lake, or coastal sea area to point out the hazards. Show a tide chart of a local coastal area, and explain how to use it. Explain that paddlers also should ask other boaters or marinas for information. Fishing and Hunting Topic: Paddlers should know the risks and safety precautions if they are going to fish or hunt from a canoe or kayak. Explain that people fishing and hunting from canoes or kayaks often drown. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the types of events that cause many of these accidents. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the safety precautions that anglers or hunters should take. Review Questions 1. When boarding or moving around in a canoe or kayak, what rule should you remember about your hands and feet? Answer: maintain three points of contact 2. Should you pack gear into a paddlecraft before or after you put the boat in the water? Answer: after 3. How can you use your paddle for extra stability when you board a canoe from a dock? Answer: Place your paddle straight across the gunwales, and hold onto the paddle as you board. 4. What are your primary goals when sharing the waterways with others? Answer: keeping a sharp lookout and avoiding a collision 5. What are the traffic signals that guide boaters safely along some waterways? Answer: buoys and markers 6. What phrase can you use to help you remember the correct course in the lateral system of U.S. Aids to Navigation? Answer: Red Right Returning 7. What does a solid green buoy with an odd number indicate? Answer: the edge of the channel of a boater s left side when entering from the open sea or heading upstream 8. What does a white buoy with an orange open diamond indicate? Answer: danger 9. What does a white buoy with an orange crossed diamond indicate? Answer: areas that are off-limits to vessels 10. What type of hazard can be created by water flowing around and through fallen tree branches? Answer: strainer 11. What are three river hazards that paddlers should avoid? Answer: may include: Low-head dams Strainers Waterfalls Bridges High water or low water 12. What are three coastal hazards that paddlers should avoid? Answer: may include: Tides Rip currents Waves Shipping lanes 13. From 1996 through 2002, what were approximately half of those killed in a canoe or kayak accident doing? Answer: fishing 14. What should hunters who are in a canoe or kayak always wear? Answer: life jackets 16

17 Chapter Lesson Four One / Page 17 The Legal Requirements of Boating Start Time 1:50 Objectives The students should be able to State whether their state requires paddlecraft to be registered. Locate the HIN on their canoe or kayak. Give any age or education restrictions for paddlecraft operators in their state. List the reckless behaviors that should be avoided when paddling. Explain the dangers of consuming alcohol or drugs while boating and the penalties for doing so. Give the classifications and uses of personal flotation devices, and state the legal requirements. Give the legal requirements for navigation lights, sound-producing devices, and visual distress signals. Explain how to dispose of trash properly. Explain how to prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance species and protect submerged aquatic vegetation. Explain when and how to report a boating accident. Your Vessel s Certificate of Number and Decals Topic: Laws regarding paddlecraft registration vary from state to state. Using your state s Boating Handbook, tell the students whether or not your state requires paddlecraft to be registered. If so: Show them a certificate of number (registration card). Explain how to obtain a certificate of number and registration decals. Explain that the registration card must be carried on the paddlecraft and be available for inspection by a law enforcement officer. Show them how to place the registration decals on a paddlecraft correctly. Show them how to find the expiration date on the decals. Tell the students that if they mount a motor on a paddlecraft, the boat must be registered and they must have a Certificate of Number and registration decals to operate the boat legally. Hull Identification Number Topic: All paddlecraft manufactured after 1972 are required to have a Hull Identification Number. Using the PowerPoint presentation, show where the HIN is located and explain the 12- or 17-digit serial number. Show where the HIN is located on your canoe or kayak, and give other places where the HIN could be found. Tell them they should write down the HIN for their paddlecraft, and store it away from the boat. Who May Operate a Paddlecraft Topic: Laws regarding age and education requirements vary from state to state. Tell the students whether or not your state has age and/or education requirements for paddlers. If so: Use your state s Boating Handbook to explain the requirements. Mention an age and ask what the requirements would be for that person. Unlawful Operation of a Paddlecraft Topic: Negligent and reckless operation of any vessel, including canoes and kayaks, is prohibited by law. Using the PowerPoint presentation, give the definition of reckless operation. Using your state s Boating Handbook as a reference, list examples of reckless and illegal operation. 17

18 Homeland Security Restrictions Topic: Recreational boaters, including paddlers, have a role in keeping our waterways safe and secure. Using the PowerPoint presentation, list the homeland security rules. Explain that these rules must be obeyed. Alcohol and Drugs Topic: Alcohol and drugs affect balance, vision, coordination, judgment, and reaction time. When paddlers lose their balance, they can cause a canoe or kayak to capsize. Using your state s Boating Handbook, tell the students the laws regarding alcohol and drugs. Include: How your state determines if a person is intoxicated, including the blood alcohol concentration percentage Implied consent to be tested Your state s penalties for boating while intoxicated Personal Flotation Devices (Life Jackets) Topic: All vessels, including paddlecraft, must have at least one wearable, USCG-approved life jacket of the proper size for each person on board. Show different types of life jackets or the pictures of life jackets in the PowerPoint presentation. If possible, show both an actual Type III and Type V since these styles are often worn by paddlers. Discuss the features of the life jackets. Show where to find the USCG approved label and any restrictions given. Emphasize the importance of wearing life jackets. Using your Boating Handbook and the PowerPoint presentation, give the laws regarding life jackets. Include: Requirements for children Requirements for wearing them on paddlecraft Federal law requires everyone under the age of 13 to wear a life jacket that is the proper size Navigation Lights Topic: Paddlecraft must carry one lantern or flashlight with a white light. Use the PowerPoint presentation to explain when the light must be used. Show how to display the light so that it is visible in all directions. Using your state s Boating Handbook, explain if there are any additional lighting requirements for paddlecraft. Sound-Producing Devices Topic: Sound-producing devices help when visibility is limited or when paddlers need to signal other boaters. Use the PowerPoint presentation as you discuss the different types of sound-producing devices. Explain that sound signals are a combination of short and prolonged blasts. Short blasts last about one second. Prolonged blasts last 4-6 seconds. Demonstrate some of the common sound signals. If you have a whistle, you should blow it. If you have a horn, let the students give the signals. Cover the signals for changing direction, restricted visibility, and warning. To review, signal with a sound-producing device and ask students what it means. Using your state s Boating Handbook, explain the specific requirements for your state. Include: What types of devices are required based on the length of the paddlecraft How far away the sound signal must be audible 18

19 Visual Distress Signals Topic: Paddlers use visual distress signals to signal for help in an emergency. Show the PowerPoint illustrations of the different types of visual display signals as you explain the two types of VDSs and tell whether each one is a day or night signal. Pyrotechnic orange smoke, red meteor, and red flare Non-pyrotechnic electric light and orange flag Demonstrate how non-pyrotechnic signals work. Show them how: The electric light flashes the international SOS distress signal automatically A boater waves the orange flag to signal for help Boaters wave their arms to signal for help if they do not have other VDSs on board Show the PowerPoint examples with various combinations of VDSs. Ask students how each combination satisfies the requirements for day signals, night signals, or both. Explain the VDS requirements for paddlecraft on federally controlled and state waters. Other Requirements and Regulations Topic: Paddlers should know about any additional equipment requirements or regulations on state or local waterways. Using your state s Boating Handbook, tell the students about any additional requirements in your state, such as a bailing device, transporting regulations, and permit for marine events Discharge of Trash Topic: Dumping trash into state or federally controlled waters is illegal. Tell them they are required by law to bring all of their trash back to shore to throw it away. Explain how litter can kill birds, fish, and marine mammals. Protection of the Environment Topic: Introducing non-native species into a waterway can upset the ecosystem and hurt the environment. Show pictures of the types of nuisance species found in your state, and explain why they are harmful. Use the PowerPoint presentation to explain how to prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance species. As you discuss the procedures, show the students: How to inspect a paddlecraft before leaving a body of water An example of non-phosphate detergent (or provide names of some you have used) Use the PowerPoint presentation to discuss submerged aquatic vegetation. Explain: What it is Why it is important How to protect it 19

20 32 32 Boating Accidents and Casualties What the Law Requires You To Do Topic: Paddlers must know the requirements for reporting accidents and rendering aid. Use the PowerPoint presentation to list a paddler s requirements for rendering aid. Explain: What types of accidents must be reported When accidents must be reported How accidents must be reported Pass out the Boating Accident Report form. Discuss: How to complete it When and where it must filed How to get more copies Enforcement Topic: Paddlers should know who enforces the boating laws and their requirements for compliance. List the law enforcement officers who have the right to stop a paddlecraft on state or federally controlled waters. Explain what paddlers must do if they are signaled to stop. Review Questions 1. What is the number that is assigned and imprinted by the boat manufacturer and is unique to your boat? Answer: Hull Identification Number 2. Because it is considered reckless operation, where should you not allow passengers to ride on a canoe or kayak while underway? Answer: on the bow or gunwale of a canoe or on the deck of a kayak 3. What activity is illegal if your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is above the legal limit? Answer: operating a vessel 4. What are three requirements for a life jacket to be legal? Answer: U.S. Coast Guard-approved, good condition, and readily accessible 5. Name the five types of PFDs. Answer: offshore life jacket, near-shore vest, flotation aid, throwable device, special-use device 6. What type of PFD is good to have if you need to help another boater or swimmer quickly? Answer: Type IV throwable device 7. What is the only way that life jackets can save lives? Answer: They must be worn. 8. What navigation lights are required for paddlecraft? Answer: a lantern or a flashlight with a white light 9. What piece of equipment should you tie to your life jacket or around your neck? Answer: a whistle 10. What are two visual distress signals (VDSs) that can be used at night? Answer: may include: Red flares Red meteors Electric light 11. What two items are illegal to dump into federally controlled or state waters? Answer: garbage and plastics 12. To help control and reduce algae growth in waterways, what should you use to clean your boat? Answer: plain water or non-phosphate detergent 13. When are you required to report a boating accident? Answer: if it results in death, serious injury, or significant property damage 20