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Page 1 of 6 << Previous Next >> View Glossary Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias - (Cope, 1871) Greenback Cutthroat Trout Synonym(s): Oncorhynchus clarki stomias (Cope, 1871) Taxonomic Status: Accepted

1901) Unique Identifier: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.

1 Page 1 of 6 << Previous Next >> View Glossary Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias - (Cope, 1871) Greenback Cutthroat Trout Synonym(s): Oncorhynchus clarki stomias (Cope, 1871) Taxonomic Status: Accepted Related ITIS Name(s): Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias (Cope, 1871) (TSN ) Unique Identifier: ELEMENT_GLOBAL Element Code: AFCHA02084 Informal Taxonomy: Animals, Vertebrates - Fishes - Bony Fishes - Salmon and Trouts Search for Images on Google Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Animalia Craniata Actinopterygii Salmoniformes Salmonidae Oncorhynchus Genus Size: C - Small genus (6-20 species) Check this box to expand all report sections: Concept Reference Concept Reference: Smith, G. R., and R. F. Stearley The classification and scientific names of rainbow and cutthroat trouts. Fisheries (Bethesda) 14(1):4-10. Concept Reference Code: A89SMI01NAUS Name Used in Concept Reference: Oncorhynchus clarkii stomias Taxonomic Comments: Slightly differentiated from Colorado River cutthroat trout (subspecies pleuriticus) (Behnke 1992). Conservation Status NatureServe Status Global Status: G4T2T3 Global Status Last Reviewed: 20Feb2002 Global Status Last Changed: 01Sep1997 Rounded Global Status: T2 - Imperiled Reasons: Small range in the upper reaches of the South Platte and Arkansas rivers in Colorado and Wyoming; declined with habitat degradation and through effects of introduced trouts; population has increased in recent decades through successful reintroduction efforts. Nation: United States National Status: N2 (05Dec1996) U.S. & Canada State/Province Status United States Colorado (S2), Wyoming (SX) Other Statuses U.S. Endangered Species Act (USESA): LT: Listed threatened (18Apr1978) Comments on USESA: Listed Threatened as Oncorhynchus clarki stomias. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Lead Region: R6 - Rocky Mountain

2 Page 2 of 6 American Fisheries Society Status: Threatened (01Aug2008) NatureServe Global Conservation Status Factors Range Extent: ,000 square km (about ,000 square miles) Range Extent Comments: Historically occurred in the sources of the South Platte River and Arkansas River in Colorado, from the headwaters to the foothills, and in a few headwater tributaries of the South Platte in a small area of southeastern Wyoming (Behnke 1992). Currently, in the South Platte drainage, most stable populations are in Rocky Mountain National Park; a few stable populations exist in the Arkansas River drainage (Young and Harig 2001). Area of Occupancy: km2 grid cells Area of Occupancy Comments: As of 1999, stable populations occupied 68 stream km (Young and Harig 2001). Number of Occurrences: Number of Occurrences Comments: Only five naturally occurring pure populations are known to have survived into recent times; brood stocks were developed from these sources, and subsequent introductions established many populations in 12 streams (81 km) and five lakes (44 ha) by 1987; new introductions have occurred since then (Behnke 1992). As of 1999, there were 11 historical and 44 introduced populations, of which 18 in the South Platte River basin and 3 in the Arkansas River basin were considered to be stable (see Young and Harig 2001). Number of Occurrences with Good Viability/Integrity: Some (13-40) Overall Threat Impact Comments: Decline from historic distribution was caused by diversion of water for irrigation, water pollution and sedimentation caused by mining and logging, and especially displacement by introduced non-native trout. Negatively impacted or eliminated when brook trout are present (juvenile brook trout drive young greenbacks into open waters of larger streams, exposing the greenbacks to predation). Short-term Trend: Increase of >10% Short-term Trend Comments: Population has increased in recent decades due to successful reintroduction efforts. As of 1999, 21 of 55 populations were considered to be stable, and more than half of these were within Rocky Mountain National Park (Young and Harig 2001). The number of extant populations is approaching the delisting goal, but Young and Harig (2001) argued that the recovery goals for this subspecies need to be upgraded (strengthened) to ensure long-term viability and adequate protection of populations throughout the historical range. Other NatureServe Conservation Status Information Distribution Global Range: ( ,000 square km (about ,000 square miles)) Historically occurred in the sources of the South Platte River and Arkansas River in Colorado, from the headwaters to the foothills, and in a few headwater tributaries of the South Platte in a small area of southeastern Wyoming (Behnke 1992). Currently, in the South Platte drainage, most stable populations are in Rocky Mountain National Park; a few stable populations exist in the Arkansas River drainage (Young and Harig 2001). U.S. States and Canadian Provinces

3 Page 3 of 6 U.S. & Canada State/Province Distribution United States CO, WY Range Map No map available. U.S. Distribution by County State County Name (FIPS Code) CO Boulder (08013), Chaffee (08015)*, Clear Creek (08019), Custer (08027), El Paso (08041), Gilpin (08047)*, Grand (08049), Huerfano (08055), Jackson (08057)*, Larimer (08069), Park (08093)*, Pueblo (08101), Teller (08119) WY Albany (56001)*, Laramie (56021)* * Extirpated/possibly extirpated U.S. Distribution by Watershed Watershed Watershed Name (Watershed Code) Region 10 North Platte Headwaters ( )+*, Upper North Platte ( )+*, Upper South Platte ( )+*, Clear ( )+, St. Vrain ( )+, Big Thompson ( )+, Cache La Poudre ( )+, Lone Tree-Owl ( )+* 11 Arkansas Headwaters ( )+, Upper Arkansas ( )+, Fountain ( )+, Huerfano ( )+ 14 Colorado headwaters ( )+ + Natural heritage record(s) exist for this watershed * Extirpated/possibly extirpated

4 Page 4 of 6 Ecology & Life History Basic Description: A fish (cutthroat trout). Diagnostic Characteristics: Differs from the Colorado River cutthroat trout in tending to have larger spots and more scales (typically more than 45 scales above the lateral line and more than 185 in the lateral series); does not have any more green on the back than does any other subspecies of cutthroat trout (Behnke 1992). Reproduction Comments: Spawns in spring or, in some high-elevation sites, early summer. Habitat Type: Freshwater Non-Migrant: N Locally Migrant: N Long Distance Migrant: N Riverine Habitat(s): CREEK, High gradient, MEDIUM RIVER, Pool, Riffle Lacustrine Habitat(s): Deep water, Shallow water Special Habitat Factors: Benthic Habitat Comments: Clear, swift-flowing mountain streams with cover such as overhanging banks and vegetation; juveniles tend to shelter in shallow backwaters; also in lakes (Matthews and Moseley 1990). Spawns in riffles. Adult Food Habits: Invertivore Immature Food Habits: Invertivore Food Comments: Eats aquatic insects. Length: 38 centimeters Economic Attributes Not yet assessed Management Summary Restoration Potential: Restoration efforts have been successful (Behnke 1992). Management Requirements: Recovery efforts are on-going, consist of stream rehabilitation (including removal of brook trout and construction of barriers to brook trout) and reintroduction. Population/Occurrence Delineation Not yet assessed Population/Occurrence Viability Justification: Use the Generic Guidelines for the Application of Occurrence Ranks (2008). The Key for Ranking Species Occurrences Using the Generic Approach provides a step-wise process for implementing this method. Key for Ranking Species Element Occurrences Using the Generic Approach (2008). U.S. Invasive Species Impact Rank (I-Rank) Not yet assessed Authors/Contributors NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Edition Date: 16Dec2010 NatureServe Conservation Status Factors Author: Hammerson, G. Element Ecology & Life History Edition Date: 10Feb1995 Element Ecology & Life History Author(s): Hammerson, G. Zoological data developed by NatureServe and its network of natural heritage programs (see Local Programs) and other contributors and cooperators (see Sources). References Behnke, R. J Native trout of western North America. American Fisheries Society Monograph 6. xx pp. Jelks, H. L., S. J. Walsh, N. M. Burkhead, S. Contreras-Balderas, E. Díaz-Pardo, D. A. Hendrickson, J. Lyons, N. E. Mandrak, F. McCormick, J. S. Nelson, S. P. Platania, B. A. Porter, C. B. Renaud, J. Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, E. B. Taylor, and M.L. Warren, Jr Conservation status of imperiled North American freshwater and diadromous fishes. Fisheries 33(8): Matthews, J.R. and C.J. Moseley (eds.) The Official World Wildlife Fund Guide to Endangered Species of North America. Volume 1. Plants, Mammals. xxiii + pp pp. appendix + 6 pp. glossary + 16 pp. index. Volume 2. Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fishes, Mussels, Crustaceans, Snails, Insects, and Arachnids. xiii + pp Beacham Publications, Inc., Washington, D.C. Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr Peterson field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Second edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. xix pp.

5 Page 5 of 6 Smith, G. R., and R. F. Stearley The classification and scientific names of rainbow and cutthroat trouts. Fisheries (Bethesda) 14(1):4-10. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Endangered and threatened species recovery program: report to Congress. 406 pp. Young, M. K., and A. L. Harig A critique of the recovery of greenback cutthroat trout. Conservation Biology 15: Use Guidelines & Citation Use Guidelines and Citation The Small Print: Trademark, Copyright, Citation Guidelines, Restrictions on Use, and Information Disclaimer. Note: All species and ecological community data presented in NatureServe Explorer at were updated to be current with NatureServe's central databases as of February Note: This report was printed on August 6, 2015 Trademark Notice: "NatureServe", NatureServe Explorer, The NatureServe logo, and all other names of NatureServe programs referenced herein are trademarks of NatureServe. Any other product or company names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright Notice: Copyright 2015 NatureServe, 4600 N. Fairfax Dr., 7th Floor, Arlington Virginia 22203, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved. Each document delivered from this server or web site may contain other proprietary notices and copyright information relating to that document. The following citation should be used in any published materials which reference the web site. Citation for data on website including State Distribution, Watershed, and Reptile Range maps: NatureServe NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 7.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Available (Accessed: August 6, 2015 ). Citation for Bird Range Maps of North America: Ridgely, R.S., T.F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D.K. McNicol, D.W. Mehlman, B.E. Young, and J.R. Zook Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Bird Range Maps of North America: "Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Robert Ridgely, James Zook, The Nature Conservancy - Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International - CABS, World Wildlife Fund - US, and Environment Canada - WILDSPACE." Citation for Mammal Range Maps of North America: Patterson, B.D., G. Ceballos, W. Sechrest, M.F. Tognelli, T. Brooks, L. Luna, P. Ortega, I. Salazar, and B.E. Young Digital Distribution Maps of the Mammals of the Western Hemisphere, version 1.0. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Mammal Range Maps of North America: "Data provided by NatureServe in collaboration with Bruce Patterson, Wes Sechrest, Marcelo Tognelli, Gerardo Ceballos, The Nature Conservancy-Migratory Bird Program, Conservation International-CABS, World Wildlife Fund-US, and Environment Canada-WILDSPACE." Citation for Amphibian Range Maps of the Western Hemisphere: IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe Global Amphibian Assessment. IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe, Washington, DC and Arlington, Virginia, USA. Acknowledgement Statement for Amphibian Range Maps of the Western Hemisphere: "Data developed as part of the Global Amphibian Assessment and provided by IUCN-World Conservation Union, Conservation International and NatureServe." NOTE: Full metadata for the Bird Range Maps of North America is available at: Full metadata for the Mammal Range Maps of North America is available at: Restrictions on Use: Permission to use, copy and distribute documents delivered from this server is hereby granted under the following conditions: 1. The above copyright notice must appear in all copies;

6 Page 6 of 6 2. Any use of the documents available from this server must be for informational purposes only and in no instance for commercial purposes; 3. Some data may be downloaded to files and altered in format for analytical purposes, however the data should still be referenced using the citation above; 4. No graphics available from this server can be used, copied or distributed separate from the accompanying text. Any rights not expressly granted herein are reserved by NatureServe. Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel, or otherwise any license or right under any trademark of NatureServe. No trademark owned by NatureServe may be used in advertising or promotion pertaining to the distribution of documents delivered from this server without specific advance permission from NatureServe. Except as expressly provided above, nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring any license or right under any NatureServe copyright. Information Warranty Disclaimer: All documents and related graphics provided by this server and any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server are provided "as is" without warranty as to the currentness, completeness, or accuracy of any specific data. NatureServe hereby disclaims all warranties and conditions with regard to any documents provided by this server or any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, including but not limited to all implied warranties and conditions of merchantibility, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement. NatureServe makes no representations about the suitability of the information delivered from this server or any other documents that are referenced to or linked to this server. In no event shall NatureServe be liable for any special, indirect, incidental, consequential damages, or for damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use or performance of information contained in any documents provided by this server or in any other documents which are referenced by or linked to this server, under any theory of liability used. NatureServe may update or make changes to the documents provided by this server at any time without notice; however, NatureServe makes no commitment to update the information contained herein. Since the data in the central databases are continually being updated, it is advisable to refresh data retrieved at least once a year after its receipt. The data provided is for planning, assessment, and informational purposes. Site specific projects or activities should be reviewed for potential environmental impacts with appropriate regulatory agencies. If ground-disturbing activities are proposed on a site, the appropriate state natural heritage program(s) or conservation data center can be contacted for a site-specific review of the project area (see Visit Local Programs). Feedback Request: NatureServe encourages users to let us know of any errors or significant omissions that you find in the data through (see Contact Us). Your comments will be very valuable in improving the overall quality of our databases for the benefit of all users. NatureServe --> Version 7.1 (2 February 2009) Data last updated: January 2015

Noturus nocturnus - Jordan and Gilbert, 1886 Freckled Madtom

1 of 7 8/18/2008 9:49 AM Not yet assessed > View Glo Noturus nocturnus - Jordan and Gilbert, 1886 Freckled Madtom Unique Identifier: ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.104659 Element Code: AFCKA02180 Informal