SOME STUDIES ON INSECT NEMATODES

Transcription

1 SOME STUDIES ON INSECT NEMATODES DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Philosophy IN Zoology RAFIA PARVEEN DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH MAY, 1979

2 ^...^. ^xo^- \^^ ~.y~!1 5 GIC 1380> DS60 ^f CHEC::LD-2003

3 SOME STUDIES OM INSECT NEMATODES Dissttrtation submitted in partial ful ilm«nt for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Zoology By Rafia Parvetfi Departmtfit of Zoology Aligarh Muslim University Aligarii May 1979

4 (UniVrif sitv / ;;? ' ' hone ' I '""udlio 5G4t DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH., U. P INDIA S»ciions }{f,f J^(, 1 ENTOMOLOGY 2 PARASITOLOGY ^^^^ \9.fl X ICHTHYOLOGY & FISHERIES 4 A,GRICULTURAL NEMATOlOGY I GENETICS 8«otlon of Paraiitolomr This! to otrtify that th«ntir«r«i«aroh work that has baan praaantad in tha diaaartatlon antitlad "Soma atudlas on intaet namatodaa" by Miaa Raf la T»rr n waa oarrlad out undar mj auparvition and I hava allowad har to aul»iit It to tha Aligarh Mualina Uniraralty In partial ftilfilmant of tha raqulraisanta for tha Dagraa of Maatar of Philosophy in Zoology (Durdaaa S* Jairaipuri) Suparvlsor of tha Oandidata

5 ACaCMOM^EISGBMENT Th«author wishes to fisqprsss h«r sincsr«st gratituda and ^>pr«clation to Dr. (Mrs.) Durdana S. Jalresijpuri undar %Atosa supervision the entire work was carried out. The author is thankful to Dr. M. s. Jairajpuri for his selflsss help and giving valuable suggestions during the progress of the %#ork. Special thanks are due to Mrs. Talat Ahnad and Mrs. Neelina Oi4>ta for their constant help and co-operation. Thanks are ad so due to all researcdi scholars of Nonatology L«)>. for their help «rid suggestions. The author is also thankful to Prof. S. M. Alam, Head, Department of Zoology for providing necessary laboratory facilities.

6 TAILB or G0NTEHT8 P«g«ZNTRODUCTZOil AND HiSTORICMi REVZSW HXrEiUAL AND METHODS DISCaiZPTION AND DISCUSSION OF SPECIB Fanily Thelastonatldac.. 10 Subfamily Thalastomatlnaa 12 Th^laatoaa qwrnnrfffihinl<aunilt «dlntinvk S Sub family Protr«iloldlna« SUMMARY... RS7SRENCSS PLATES I-V.

7 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL REVIEW Nwiatology is the stud^ o thread%«onns or round»k>xms«or "nemaa*. This group of animals has varied hai^ltats. It Is on«of the largest groups In the animal kingdom, and has about 500#000 existing species of which IS^OOO are known to the science. Ntfnatodes may be free living or parasitic. Oradations from the simple free-living to those leading a complex parasitic life are many. Nonatology has bec»me a fertile field for the study of cytology, analogy, convergaice, homology and diverg^ice due to the characteristic diversity of nematodes. Ntfnatodes are economically important to man because a variety of them attack him and his live-stock causing various types of diseases. About 32 species of nonatodes are capable of attacking roan, important among them being hookworms, ascarids and Tfichinella ^pirali^. and dracunculoids, filaric filarids etc. The n^iiatodes of domesticated animals are far too many to be enumerated. Though nematology has only recently begun to receive proper attention, its history goes back to ancient times. Ebers (1672) obtained a manuscript, "Papyrus Ebers* ( B.C.) mentioning AjQaria lumbriooidey, Dracunculu^ Bf>qdinqr^^4^ and perhaps abcytogt9p«ft 4uft^9fifAe«The fiery worm of the Israelites was referred to as the fiery serpent by

8 Moses (1250 B.C.) in the Bible. Among the ancient European workers, the names of Hippocrates, Agatharchides, Aristotle, Pliny, Celsus and Vegetius may be mentioned. The medieval period lasted fxom 16th to 16th century during which Caesalpinus ( ) discovered JJiQCtQahms Xaoalfl/ Tyson (168$ attempted to study the anatomy of nematodes, and the first free»living nematode was discovered by Borellus (16 56) The description with suitable diagrams of a plant-parasitic notjatode, ;^auinq tritici was for the first time giv«i by Needham (1745). Animal parasitic nematodes were reported by Andry (1750), Unzer (1751), Leskr ( ), Zeder (18o0). Rudolphi ( ), Goze (1782), Wemer (1782) and Frohlieh(l789 «1802). Pioneering work was done by Bojanus (1817, 1821) and Cloquet (1824) who worked on the anatomy of ascarids. The life cycle of various parasitic nematodes were worked out during the period The taxonomy of n^natodes was placed on a firm footing by Dujardin (1S45), Dieslng ( ) and Schneider (1866). An increasing knowledge of various g^iiera and species has accumulated during the recent years, De Man, Cobb, Micoletzky, Filipjev, steiner, Goodey^ Allgtfi, de Coninck and Thozne can be cited as rec^t taxonomi sts. A corrprehensive work on nwnatodes of insects started comparatively late. 03{vuri,^ arvllotalpae was the first Oxyurid nematode to be reported from an arthropod host (mole cricket) by

9 Dufour (1837) ; but the deacrlption waa inadequate. The first idffiitifiable wo Bis were described by Haimerschmidt (1838, 1847). Kotable work in this group was done by Leidy (1649, 1856}, Gyory (1856), Graeffe (isflo), Caleb (1678), Von Linstow ( ), Meyer (1896), Parona (1896), Cobb ( ), Johnston (1914), Skrjabin (1916, 23, 66), Sergiev (1923), Travassos ( ), Pessoa and Correa (1926), Schwenk (1926), Artigas ( ), Chitwood ( o), Christle( ), Chitwood and Chitwood ( ), Pereira ( ), Dollfus ( ), Basir (194o ), Theodorides ( ) Osche ( ), Kloss ( ), Welch ( ), Rao ( ), Leibarsperger (196o) and Jarry and Jarry ( ). Kuhn (19o5) has reported the prestfice of the larva of n^oaatode Pftrynfi;nd,f qpn^y^^^ in the insect midge, Chironomus, Cobb (19 23) observed Aqyn^rm^a dfcaudat^ in grasshoppers* The contribution of Indian workers in the field of nematode parasites of Arthropods, has gained importance only duringthe past forty years. Roy and Mukherjee (19 37) reported two new species of genus A^^fTf^onqrof from house flies, Mu ff Yi,<rt"4^ Iyer (194o) and Chakx^varty (1943) described nematode parasites of F.ynBt>gJ^mff ftffjrtiaa and AOUfi^AlfiA' ^^^t the most comprehensive and systematic study of n^aatodes of Arthropods was carried out by Basir ( ). For the first time he provided a detailed description, illustration, classification,

10 host-paraslte list and keys of almost all the species described till 1956 rom all over the world in monograph entitled "Oxyurid parasites of Arthropoda". Basir reported 9 new species and 79 knot^n species belonging to the following g^ierat SchwaPkiella, Jnhi^gtonia. B^ft^tft^Uffffilt^ Gyyltftphit^. Caw^ronia. L^nnyy^f^ella. (;:hi^nftq^< lt^, MlfXAUUfi* DMnAqpj^ The3,aatom^. G^li^lA' lla&ussls' AfUSLSSlA' ^gp^^q^gtlha*?qv«yrianoia. HOSQ&flffiS«^4f^nttP«5>/ Aorunjt, Hammerschnddt^ell^. B3,a^tophila. L^itgY^amella. khomssd'?t9"^nyroug, Bj^ny!}ft> Hvff^rianathus. Lupidonewa. Pffgtjrtttoj^^fig^?ffP^ggllft<^ft> Protrallus and P^niyanema. Singh (1955, '58) recorded two new species from millipedes and 5 new species and one knovm specie of ;< idvnqmgllf. SaJL^tiAft. O^XUfiJ^lA' QJ^YUgP^i-l^ ^^ Talpioola. ^«o (1956, 65, 66 & 67) studied a number of n«natode parasites of insects and other arthropods from Hyderabad (A. P.). " dealt with 18 new species and 12 known species represenung TytVMg9ff^"ff»tt/ LBflblftUA' EJiMSOSkmalXA' I^obinema. PffitggBptiala, gffpapqgv?'"!* ^pgy^atfti^ and Dujtkflslft, iq^ljaaft' BJ^neroa, B^attoohila. H;U2SJUUA' ^luvs^dlsud' Gj^v^Qphila, SQSLSSEMM* Hygn^rg<;hm4aU<tlft«Tl^tl^g^roft, Camaronia. iialdm«&»«sg^wflp^^gttft^ EAaM^Qn^nui. Bhatia and Wattal (195^ studied on the tolerance density of Culeaf f^^iayt^ in transmission of Bancroftian filaria* Bindra and Kittur (1956, '57), Khan ^ AL«' (1956, '64), Mukerji & Raychoudhury (1956), Ali (1957), Mathur (1959), Majumdar (1967), Das Gupta (1964), Verma (1966), Mehra and his co-workers (1968), Murad

11 (1969), PatnaiX 6 Das (1969)«Qokulpur«(1971) hav«work«d on th«ntfttatodos belonging to th«family Heradthidaa* usually haidoourlng the arthropod pests of various crops. Farooqui (1967, '68, *69 (< *7o) published descriptions of 25 new species and 7 known species of the following generat B^atelliooieidaa. M^^dinewa. Branehin >. figydbffiiopli* PPgWrtla^ i* '^tufritili* Le^dvneaa. Miygtle^jft, BgndPlBflffifl* B1QJUI# gtflwm^tlu. Cyeronia. He also established a new fanaily M^dlnesiatidae, and described the male of yi^elaa^ifi^ gpieatufi previously not known and synonymised Wifprfft^TfC^Hnidtiiil^f asoicuius and Laidvnaaia stvlopvoi (Biswas & Chakravarty, 196D with H.diesing^, and It. ^ppendi^qu^al^f respectively. Soaie other Indian workers who have also worked on insect nenatodes in different aspects aret Majusidar (1961) who redescrlbed atronovluris bsnaalanais. ixldu&a qinraitemipm and ikyggiwulw^ia Mi?4<5^l g»>" arvllotaloa sp. Nair (1962) studied the intake of Brua^ft pahenai^ hy Atdll eeovplpi and ^..^Sflfil. Biswas & Chakravarty (1963) worked on the systematies of the aooparasitic oxyuroid nsnatodes, and described 3 new species belonging to the genera HtHWariC^Wrt^tlli* ksidsouai'»^ IMUAUB* Mathur (1966) and his workers recorded the n«natodes parasitising sten borer of naise. Kunari (1967) described a new species of the genus Jqtyr^atonift. Neural and honaonal influence on the fecundity wd egg->laying of certain oxyurld nenatodes inhabiting the hind gut of the oookroaeh, Peri,pl^eta awericana was studied by Nadkal and

12 Nayar (1968X Lai (1968) described a new species of the g&n\xa K3,o^alnfflaa xt>ro oolaopteran Insect. The prestfit Investigation deals with a taxonomlc study of Insect nematodes collected from Allgarh and arovind during the months of Septonber 1977 to January In the present %#ork, 15 species of Insects representing an equal number of families were examined, of these only few were found to be Infected with n^natodes. All the voxma recovered belong to the family Thelastomatldae. The new and the known species have been described In detail, their hosts and localities have been mentioned. Keys to species of genera, recorded have also bean provided.

13 MATERIAL AND METHODS For the present investigations, the insects were collected from different localities in Aligarh. Some cockroaches were pzx>cured from Agra. The insects were brought to the liiboratory in live condition, and dissected for the parasites. Co;ieQ^on and isolation of namatodast Insects were placed in clean petridishes, and dissected out with the help of a fine needle and forceps in normal saline (Heid^is solution). Their alimentry canals were teased and the contents were mixed with saline and the petri dishes were Icept xmdistuxbed for a few minutes allowing the nematodes, if any, to settle down at the bottom. The parasites of oockroach and house cricket were of bigger size so that they were easily observed by naked eye while of the other insects were smaller and were picked up under the low power of the stereoscopic binocular microscope with the help of a needle. The worms were then kept in cavity blocks containing normal saline. A preliminary examination lander the binocular was carried out in order to study their activity, movements, colour and certain morphological details which can not be observed after fixation.

14 e Fixation and dahydr«ti,ont The worms wera allowed to relax at room temperature, in normal saline, for two to three hours and th^n the saline was replaced with hot 7o% alcohol with the help of a clean dropper so as to kill and fix th«nn. Sometimes worms were killed by adding hot normal saline. After keeping the vk>rms for at least t%<o hours in alcohol they were transferred to cavity blocks containing glycerinealcohol (5 parts glycerine and 95 parts 30% alcohol). For gradual dehydration, worms were kept in desiccator at room temperature for about 3 to 4 weeks. During this period the alcohol evaporated leaving the worms in pure glycerine. The specimens were then mounted in glycerine on doiible coverslip aluminium slides. Qlass-wool or wire of suitable thickness was used to prevent flattening or crushing of the worms. Lactoph«iol was also used as a quick clearing and good mounting medium. However, it was found that the worms turned opaque after being kept for a few weeks, making further microscopic examination difficult and therefore it was only used for temporary mounts, when worms were in large number. Preparation of an facet For the study of ssk t^-st^ view the worm which was already cleared in glycerine was transferred to a drop of melted glycerine-jelly on a clean glass slide. Then with the help of a sharp surgical blade a cut was made very near to the head end.

15 It was then so manipulated as to have the anterior extranlty f«cing upwards. for mounting. The cut «id was transferred to aluminium slide Mgftg.^rgmtfii^a a^g grwlnggt The accurate dimensions of the worms were taken by using an ocular mlcroneter. All the measurements were takai In millimeters unless otherwise mentioned. The figures were drawn with the help of a camera luclda. Type specimens have be«i deposited In the Helmlnthologlcal collection of the Department of Zoology, Allgaxii Muslim ifelverslty.

16 10 DESCRIPTION AND DISCUSSION OF SPECIES FAMILY THELASTOMATIDAE TRAVASSOS, Di,aano»iai Oxyuroldaa. Mouth of female surrounded by eight submedlan papillae or laibiopapillae. Amphlds represented externally by circular or oval optfilngsf esophagus consisting of anterior corpus, which may or nay not be modified; a more or less distinct isthmus axxd a posterior valvular bulb. Females with one or two ovaries. Male with single testis, a single spicule or none, and one to five pairs of caudal papillae. Three subfamilies Thelastomatinae Travassos, 1929; Hystrignathinae Travassos, 1920; and Protrelloidinae Chltwood, 1932 were included in the family Thelastomatidae. The m^idbers of Hystrignathinae possess spines on anterior region of body. The roetfnbers of Thelastomatinae and Protrelloidinae possess the of vulva near to baseyesophageal bulb, Basir (1956) did not recognise any of the subfamilies under the family Thelastomatidae. He pointed out that the subfamily Hystrignathinae lost its idtfitity when species with or without spines were described in it. For Protrelloidinae he emphasized that the vulva has moved in various species from its primitive place, i.e. the middle of the body to near the anus on one hand and towards the head on the other hand, Farooqui (197o) revived the subfamily Protrelloidinae and also described a new genus in the subfamily. In the present study only two subfamilies Thelastomatinae and Protrelloidinae have been accepted.

17 11 KEY TO THE SUB-FAMILIES OF THE FAHILY THELASTOMATIDAE 1, Vulva anterior to bass of esophagua Protrelloidlnaa Chltwood, Vulva posterior to base of esophagus Thelastomatlnae Travassos, 1929

18 12 SUBFAMILY: THELASTOMATINAE TRAVASSOS, 1929 Di^qnoaiai Thelastomatida«. Cuticle without spines. Mouth surrovindad by eight labiopapillae; amphids round or oval. Esophagus consisting of an anterior part which may or may not possess a pseudobulb«a more or less distinct isthmus^ and a valvular bulb. Vulva posterior to base of esophagus; ovaries one or two. Male with single spicule or none. Type Genuat Tt^elaatoraa Leidy* 1649 KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY THELASTOMATINAE 1. Esophagus with a pseudobulb 2 Esophagus without a pseudobulb 6 2. Vulva in anterior part of body Haiwnarschmidtial3,a Chitwood, Vulva about middle or posterior to middle of body 3 3. Anterior and posterior parts of corpus not distinctly set off Aoruru^ Leidy, 1849 Anterior and posterior parts of corpus distinctly set off 4 4. Corpus distinctly enlarged in form of a siibspherical swelling at base of buccal cavity Blattophila Cobb, 1920 Corpus not distinctly enlarged in form of a subspherical swelling at base of buccal cavity 5

19 13 5. Corpus terminated by a sub-cylindrical swelling L^dvnema Schwenk (in Travassos, 1929) Corpus terminated by a subspherical swelling Leidyneffiall,^ Chitwood & Chitwood, Fvnales with a single ovary 7 Females with two ovaries Fwiale tail long and filiform Johnstonii.^ Baair F«nale tail short and not filiform 8 8. F«nale esophagus long, forming about on a-third of body length Galabi^ Chitwood, 1932 F«nale esophagus short, forming only about one-sixth or less of body loigth 9 9. Vulva in middle third of body, tail of fonnale attenuated BlaU9tU99ift Basir, 1940 Vulva in posterior third of body, tail of finale conical Blattioola Schwenk, Eggs bearing filamentous threads 11 Eggs without any filamentous threads Eggs with two filaments arising from a knob-like lateral outgro%fths and wound spirally round the egg shell P^eudonvroous Diesing, 1857 Eggs bearing tufts of polar filaments Eggs laid in mucous capsules usually «iclosing several eggs Binem^ Travassos Eggs without mucous capsules 13

20 Eggs released in a chain Isobin^ft Rao Eggs released singly Mohibiqi:^^ Farooqui, l97o 14. Vulva distinctly anterior, at about 25% of the body l«igth Suifunam^ Chitwood, 1932 Vulva not distinctly anterior, at about the middle or posterior to middle of body Eggs organically fused in pairs along their sides CamaPaniq Basir, 1948 Eggs not fused in pairs Female tail fili form 17 Female tail not filiform Tail of male very short Eurvoonama Chit%#ood, Tail of male long afid filiform Excretory pore posterior to base of esophagus, tail o fannale about one-third or less of body length ggh^tnk4<m^ Basir, 1956 Excretory pore anterior to base of esophagus, tail of female usually more than one-third of body TlitUaiSaiS I^eidy, Eggs bearing longitudinal grooves ^^ver^qnpia Schwenk, 1926 (in Travassos, 1929) Eggs without any longitudinal grooves Egg shell very thick, covered with thick and short spinous outgrowths all round and laid in a chain «iclosed in a mucous tube Grvllophila Basir, 1942

21 15 Egg shell thin and without any spines, laid singly..., Eggs segmented at the time of deposition BlatallioolQidM Farooqui, 1966 Eggs not segm^ited at the time of deposition Male tail selender, spike like Cw^)a3i9i?a3il^a cobb, 1920 Male with truncated tail Psiloceohala Rao, 1956 GENUS TH^ASTOMA LEIDY, 1849 D4fqnogi^i Thelastomatinae. Mouth of female surxounded by eight labiopapillaei onphids present. Buccal cavity simple without any omam^itation. Esophagus consisting of an anterior corpus an isthmus and a posterior valvular bulb. Excretory pore anterior to bass of esophagus. Tail of fonale filiform, nx>re than one->fourth of body length. Vulva near middle of body; ovaries tt#oi uteri divergent. Tail of male elongate, somewhat filiform bearing four pairs of caudal papillae, one pair being pre-anal and ventral in position, in addition there is a postanal projection bearing paired sensory endings and a pair of papillae on tail, some distance away from anus. Type Speciesi ThgJLflaWw^ A^^tPUft^Vff Leidy, 1849

22 ! THftA^yQM^ ATTKKUATUM LEIOIC, 1649 Plata Z D««eri,ption (Based on t«n f«nal«a) t ThQ famala naasuras long «ad wlda at tha middla. Cuticle is vmulatad. The first annuie meaaurea ;un and at the middle of the bodsr 11 >n wide. Mouth opening is surrounded by eight labiopapillaei anphids are prea«itt. wide. Buccal cavity is deep and O.02 Esophatius is long, consisting of a cylindrical corpus long by wide and an iathnus long wide and a valvular bulb long tfid wide. Intestine is dilated anteriorly tx> form cardia. Nerve ring surrounds the anterior part of the coxpus «id is situated at the level of from the anterior tuid of the body. Ixeretory pore opens anterior to the base of the esophagus at from the antedor end. middle of the body, from the head end. ovaries^ wqphidelphic. «nteriorly. Vulva is situated at the Vagina is muscular and directed There are two The wus opens at from the tip of tail. The tail is filiform, oecv^ying almost l/3rd of the total bo^^ Itfigth Jim wide. Eggs are oval in shape measuring 7o-78^Aim long and Sites Intestine Locality I Agra

23 17 Dlacu««ioni Th^la^t^oing attanuatui^ was described from U.S.A. by Leldy from roillepede host. JyOuai aaffq4natima and SplrDbQl,uf IPflyalnatVH' A11 the measurements o the present material are similar to those of X' attmiu^t^tun for the length of esophagus and tail. The total length of the esophagus of the American specimens is whereas that of the Indian specimens is The tail of the American specimens is 1/2 of the total body leffigth whereas l/3rd of the body length in the Indian specimens. Thelaatorea ^t^tanua^um is described for the first time from India. OOMMENT ON THE QENUS THELASTOMA Baslr (1956) gave a detailed account of the various species of the genus. Of the 47 species described at that time 29 species were transferred to other genera. remaining 18, four species were considered as SSIS^LSA Of the JlJIcmiXtfbldJUi because of poor descriptions, the rest 14 species in were rfttainad/']gt>^laatobh^. Of these 14 species 3 more are poorly described and in fact only 11 species were good species of the g«ius. However, Baslr (1956) provided a key to species of the gtfius but included only the following 6 speciest T. ^ttanuatum. T. apj.gfttvffip, T. pflg>-^y,juu/ 1' maqrqmphldiuro. T. f^v^^j, T. 3,9>?ift^uff>. T. paxmiat;xffli. and

24 18 T. fiiasiiab. R«o (1958) added T. JjQdi^fl and Farooqul (197o) descrlbad T. feaalsi and 2. a^il. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS THKLASTOMA 1. Vestibule with palm leaf-like cutlcular pxx>jectlona palroatvna Chitwood, Vestibule simple without cutlcular projection 2 2. Excretory pore anterior to esophageal bulb 3 Excretory pore In region of esophagecd bulb 4 3. Corpus four and a half times longer than the bulb; spicules 35 ^ long pachy lull (Parona, 1896) Travassos, 1929 Corpus seven times longer than the bulb; spicule 52;um long Indies Rao Lateral alae present 5 Lateral alae absent 7 5. Head set off from body, tall short spike-like macramphldlum Christie, 1931 Head not set off from body, female tall very long 6 6. Tall ona-thlrd of boc^ loigth, caudal papillae four pairs single median papilla near middle of tall Pl^gTO^P Dollfus, 1952 Fepnale tall one-fifth of length, five pairs of caudal papillae, tail single median papilla at anterior one-third of Aiii Farooqxil, 197o

25 19 7. r«malo t«lx on».thlrd to half of body length 8 fmaalm tail on«-. ourth of body langth 9 8. Labial papilla* vary prominent... labial^ua Leidy, l65o Labial p«qpilla«not so prominent *UtP lt«ff«i<«idy« Eggs with distinct grooves on shell LZt Bi Chitwood, 1932 Eggs without grooves on shell Cephalic papillae very proainent and liplike, head set off fron bod^ &flii L Farooqui, 197o Cephalic pcpillae not promin«it«head not set off apieatiuii^ Cobb, 1929 GENUS SCHWEHKIELLA, BASIR«1940 Di,fQnosi,f» Thelastomatinaet Female with mouth opening surroimded by eight labio-papillae. Buccal cavity small tfid ay or may not be armed with three tooth-like projections. Esophagus small i^out one-simth to one-eight of body length, consisting of a more or less cylindrical corpus, a short isthmus and a valvular bulb. Tail attenuated, filiform. Excretory pore posterior to base of esophagus. Vulva at about middle of body. Ovaries two, uteri divergent. Eggs oval to ellipsoidal. Caudal papillae four pairs, three pairs pr»-anal and one postrenal.

26 ao Typ«speclttsi gt^irmlt4gi^i ygbust^iffi L«ldy«1850 Daacrlp^on (Based on single male and three fenales). Yellowish white in c»lour«body cylindrical with tapering anterior end and filifom tail. Cuticle annulated eaimept on tail. Mouth opening surrotmded by eight labiopagpillae, amphids present. Buccal cavity small. Bsophagtas with a long corpus, a short isthnus and an end bulb. Sxcretory pore postesophageal MJOIXJI* Body length 0.73«maxiniun width First annule measuras 6 jaa wide# but near midbody ranges fron 4»5 ;UBI. Mouth opens into a deep wide buccal cavity measuring o.ol long, wide. Bsophagus measures 0.16 consisting of a corpus long with maxlmun width of 0.02 at the anterior end and a minim\in width of at posterior «adi isthmus long, wide md bulb o.04 long, o.04 wide. Herve ring tficircles corpus, 0.08 from anterior end of bo<f^. Ixcretory pore postesophageal, at 0.17 from anterior tfid. Anus at o.ll from tip of tail. Testis single. Tail filiform almost l/7th of total body length. One pair of pre-cloaeal and one pair of post* cloacal p^illae present. X single median papilla present at 0.03 behind anus. Spicule single measuring o.04.

27 21 y al»«f«nales ar* more th«i thr««tines longer than male« long 0.2-O.24 wide. First omule 0.015^.017 wide# at ini<s>oddr Buccal cavity small long, ^.015 wide. Esophagus 0.43i-0.49 long consisting o corpus/ isthmus and and bulb. They measure x 0.03-O.05; 0.03 x and 0.09*0.12 x re^pactively. Cardia present. Kerve ring at tfid excretory pore at from anterior end of body. Vulva equatorial* at from anterior end. Ovaries divergent, vagina directed a little anteriorly. Anus at from tip of tail. Tail l/4th of total body length. Bggs are ellipsoidal measiuring O8 x Hosts Sitet It^ttJTlPlWfU IMrtgttift Intestine Locality I Zoology Diqpartment, Aligarh. gg^wanj^dil* ffqtil^tsb Leidy, l85oy. JLsmL Schwenk,l926 and Si, lonqi^yudat^ Meyer, I896 were included under the genus Schwenkiella by Basir (1956). In the former two species the postesophageal excretory pore were clearly observed. The basis of differenuation betwean T^a^M^jM and Schwenkiella is only the position of excretory pore being preeaophageal in the former genus and postesophageal in the latter., lonaircaudate was regarded as the third species of the genus Schwenkiella but the position of its excretory pore is not known. The present author agrees with Basir (1956) regarded it as species inguiranda. Basir (1956) differ vitiated g^^nnftn^tlib from Ceohalobellu^. on

28 22 aitm and sha >«of tall. It is short conical in C«Dhalob«lltt«but l(»g filliforra in SchwsPkislls. Hbwsver Kloss (1956) has regarded the two gsenara as synonyns^ but Rao (1965) and Faxooqui (19To) have agreed with Basir in regarding the t«fo as separate genera. They concluded that the sice of the tail of any species belonging to Cephalobalius does not exceed ak>re than one-eighth of the body Itfigth, whereas in schw«i)<lel,la it is never less than one»sev«ath of the total body length. Other body dimensions are sinilar. In the words of Rao "it helps in the fomation of definite groups and nalces syst«aatics more simple tfid oosbpaot*. Five species of Schwenkiella have be«n reported, the worm under discussion differs from all of than. It is smaller than Si» robustum and S* Jifliki^ in body size and differs from M» jpdica and» fxfranaabadansis in the absence of lateral alae in male. It reswrisles J. ^qffp4 1^ ^a Usance of lateral alae in male and in bod^ length of ftfnales. However it differs from S* 4?a«i in the following diaractersi i) The male of preswit worm measures 0.73 whereas it is 1.10 in, 4SMl* ii) The eutide of male of new species is annulated. The annules are found throughout the body length except the tail whereas males of js* XSSWSL ^as cuticle without anntiles. lii) The width of first annules of fonales of present worm is 0>015 but it measures only in ^, ISflBl*

29 23 iv) The buccal cavity is wider measuring 0.0I6 deep and > wide in the present worm whereas 0.012< deep and O.Ol wide in, iq^^. The esophagus of the new worm has a length o 0.43 > 0.49 whereas it is 0.36 * 0.46 in ^. icqmi. v) The length o tail being one-fourth o the total body length in new species and one>fifth in ^. iceroi,. Therefore it is concluded that the worm under discussion is new and hence proposed as a new species* ig^h^^^k^^^^^ b^fi^ri after (late) Prof. M. A. Basir. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS SCHWENKIELLA 1. Spicule present 2 Spicule absent 5 2. Lateral alae preseoit 3 Lateral alae absent 4 3. Female tail l/3rd of body length, four pairs of caudal papillae, fourth pair on caudal ^pptfidage robuatum (Leidy, 185o) Basir, 1956 Female tail /15th of body length, three pairs of papillae papillae on caudal appendage absent aygabflifeftdflrg^ Farooqui, 1970

30 24 4. Female tall l/5th of body length, three pairs of papillae third pair on caudal appendage. Body cuticle of male not annulated icami Schwenk, 1926 Female tail l/4th of body length, two pairs of papillae, a single median papilla on caudal appendage. Body cuticlo of male annulated basj-rl n. sp. 5, Ftfnale tail l/7th of total body length, two pairs of pat pillae, a single papilla in between posjcloacal pair wq[lqh4. Farooqul, 1968 Female tail l/4th of total body length, three pairs of papillae indica Rao, 1966 OSNUS CSPHJOiOBSLLUS CX>BB, 1920 Pi agnosia I Thelastomatinae. Mouth opckiing sub~ triangular, surrounded by eight labiopapillae. Buccal cavity short and may or may not be armed with three cuticular teeth. Esophagus consisting of an anterior, nearly cylindrical corpus, a distinct isthmus and a posterior valvular bulb. Excretory pore behind base of esophageal bulb. Vulva equatorial or postequatorial. Ovaries two, uteri divergent. Eggs numerous, oval or elliptical. Tail conical. Male smaller than female; tail ending in a slender caudal spike; caudal papillae four pairs, one pair pre-anal, one pair adanal, a single median doi±>le papilla slightly posterior to anus and one pair of papillae at

31 25 bas«of caudal splk«. Type speciest?^pfa^ql?gttha paplllla«sy Cobb, 1920 CEPH^OBELLU^ BREVICAUDAIUM (LSIDY, 1851) CHRISTIE, Plate - III Leidy (1851) Inadequately described Thelastoan^ t^yevi,c;audq^uiii ror) a l^nelllcom Insect larva. In the same year he subdivided the gsnus Aoruruf Leldy, 1849 Into two subgenera ^traptostoma and Thelaatom^. ^e transferred I* l^jtcyjlcftva^l^w under ^yuyuf as A. (Thtla8t;Q»fl)IpravAgftuqftt^uiB. But In 1853 he considered the two subgenera as distinct genera and redesignated Th«lq^tonmm brgvlcfuc^al^nm. ^^ 1856, he placed this species as a doubtful synonym of Thelaatoroum j^obustym Leldy, Dlealng (1861) made Thelastom^ a subgenus of the genus Anq\41,3,i^j,a, thus X* robus^um and Its synonym became ^gualautft (Th^lflg^ffifl) ffgbyiftft. ^ruyua In 1919 as a genus was again revived and the genus tj^^p^^t^mmm was suppressed by Travassos (1919, 1920) on the basis of priority. While working on the nematode collection of Leldy, Walton (1927) revived the classification as given by I>eldy (1851) by dividing the genus Aqrur^f Into t;fto^a<wff» and ThqJLagtWW^ a«subgenera. Tt^ft^^^to"!'^ brovleaudatum again became AQI^r^g (IMkAa^SBS^ pyevlqfu4^^uip Leldy, This species regained Its original name Tt^alaatoma bravlcaudatum Leldy, 1851, when Travassos again established the two subgenera Tt)i^l,^g\Qm^ and Stre^to^tjow^

32 26 as distinct genera. Christie (1931) described a new gius Scargb^amy with the type species/ ^g^rabanmaa cvlindricum from the larvae of Scarabaeid beetles, ^e transferred Th^^ft^t;^ra^ br^cj^c^udatuhi under ^garfbangaia as, bravicaudat^um. In 19 33, he synonymised 9<?gr^ banamg with Capt^i^labeima Cobb, 1920 finding no difference between the male of ^garabanema cvlindricum and Cephalobe3,luq papi3,liqqr, the type species of the genus Cephalobellus described by Cobb (1920). His description of C. pqpiluqer was based only on male worms collected from Melolonthoid larvae in New Guinea region, S. Australia and figures were also not givtfi. gqgrab^ama brevicaudatum Christie, now became gotphi^lobaimafejrftyjlcw<aa^ P (Leidy, 1851) Christie, S» ^lovdi described by Baylis, 1946 was synonymised with, YfX'^yX^^xx^^tfViim by Basir" (1949) as he fovind no differ«ice in the position of vulva and in egg size in both the species. Thqlastomg j^ndiyaif Basir (1940) was also synonymised with. brevicquc^atum by Basir himself in ^lu^^j, ancl Q, brevicaudatum var, gqfiysnioola, described by Theodorides (1955) from France were synonymised with Cephalobellua brevicaudatum by Jarry & Jarry (1964). In India Q» bravicaudattun was recovered from a cockroach and was redescribed by Basir (1949). For the first time he provided a detailed description along with figures of this species of nematode. In the present study only one female specimen from a cockroach, P^riplyi^t^^ yiqri,qanf was found. It is almost identical with the female of. brevig^udatum

33 2*7 (Leidy, 1851) Christie, 1933 described by Baslr (1949, '56). PQ^grlptlon (Based on a single finale) i Worm yellowish white in cx>lour, body cylindical, tapering posteriorly to form very short cxnoid spicate tall. Whole body annulated except tail. Oral op^iing sub«triangular and surrounded by a circular elevation and eight laoio-papillae and two amphids. Buccal cavity as long as broad. Esophagus consisting of cylindrical corpus, distinct isthmus and valvular bulb. Cardla distinct. A pair of caudal glands present near anus. Excretory pore posterior to base of esophageal bulb. Two ovaries, uteri amphldelphlc. Mg^i Not fovund. Fgm^tf* Body 2.29 long, maximum width The first annule wide. Buccal cavity deep, wide. Esophagus 0.43 long, consisting of a corpus 0.3 x 0.03, an isthmus X and basal bulb x Nerve ring at and excretory pore at 0.51 from anterior &id. Vulva at 1,47 or at 61% of bo<^ length from anterior end. Vagina muscular, directed anteriorly. Anus at 0.26 from posterior end. Tall more than l/8th of the total body length. Eggs nuroeidus, oval, its size x Host! Pgl^Ply^g^ft Awgrj^gtfifl Site: Intestine Locality I Aligarh.

34 28 Diacuaaloni The nuatoer of )aio*in apedes of thla genus Is seven. qqp^^^tqbq^tva BflPJ^JlUqflg Cobb, 1920 la the type species with Q' J,fuckartf^ (Hanunerachmidt, 1638} Christie 1933; S' farqylgw4*tw^ (Leidy, 1851) Christie, 19 33;. potoalaf. S' qabiod&rm&^ and Q, tipulae described by Lelbersperger, and. flu3f^ Dale«1966. I960 The finales of Q. leuek^rtl posaeaa characteristic yellowiah bodies near the vagina and the egga are remarkably bigger in aize.. tjpuiae is characterized by a conical tall without a clear deonarcation behind the anus. It alao Includea six aubapecies, i.e., 1. SifilS li34l' S- 1' IStimsH^SSk' S* 1. U&SAQl' S' 1* iilfiuias' < 1' \mciqgrt Lelberaperger, I960 and. i. U^SWWA Jarry, The fentalea of C. oyno<^qrn>ae and C. B9l;^^i,ia<> Leibersperger I960 have a length of 7,36 and 3.2 with vulva at 5o - 54% and 45-55% respectively. Dale, 1966 described C. fluxi which is distinguished by weak lateral chorda and a abort, conical tail without papillae. Kloaa (1959) discarded the genus $chwenki^4,;a Basir, 1956 and regarded it as a synonym of Cephalobalius. His only point of differ^itiatlng the t«#o genera la on the basis of their tall lengths. In this way all the species of Schwenkiella were transferred to Ceohalobellua. The European nematologiata, Jarry and Leibersperger accepted this classification but the Indian workers like Rao, Faiooqui and the preaent

35 29 author agrees with the views of Basir (1956) in accepting the two as separate genera. malolonthae Leibersperger, I960 discovered from larva of Malolontha species apd Q. akaifg^. Osche, I960 from Charsaa^u^ sp. and JuloiBorphy ap,, Olplopod of Tanganyika are regarded as spaciaa inoui^randag by Jarry & Jarry (1966). 5» g{au^^^<m- (Doll^a* 1952) Basir, 1956 was synonymised with j. JBflBiiUaaJT t>y Leibersperger. l96o. 5, 1uUCffI (Dollfus, 1952) Basir, 1956 and, gr^fcuy (Theodorides, 1956) Leiberspexger, I960 are now placed under the list of spgqiag ^ncmiranda., maaalhaaaj. (Schwtfik, 1926) Basir, 1956 was synonymised with Thel,astQB»a yobu^t^um by Jarry & Jarry, KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CSPHALOBELLUS 1. Male tail long with papillae 2 Male tail short, conical and without papillae fluxi Dale, Vulva almost in the middle of body 3 Vulva posterior to middle of body 6 3. Females with three conspicuous yellowish bodies near vagina; eggs subspherical, SB-llo ;um long 73 jam wide Iguekgr^ Christie, 1933 Females without any yellowish bodies near vagina 4 4. Eggs elliptical in shape, ^JTO long, ^um wide.. potoqig^ Leiberaperger, I960

36 30 Zqga lasa th«n twice as long as broad 5 5. Eggs ;um long, 43-5o JJoa wlds Eggs 65-75^ long, 40-5o >wft wida QgH>Q49ff(Bflg Lelbersperger, 196o papilliqar Cobb, «Fosnale tall vexy short and conical, without a cl«ar dainarcation behind anus; eggs more then twice as long as broad, ;uin long, ;uin wide tipula^e Leibersperger, 196o Finale tail spiice-like* distinctly set off from body; eggs elliptical to oval, ^ x y«ro, breviqaudatxiro (Leidy, 1851) Christie, GENUS HAMMERSCHMIDTIELLA CHITWOOD, Di,gqnoaist Thelastomatinaei Mouth surrounded by eight submedian labio-papillae. Amphids present. Buccal cavity prisrooidal, guarded at the base by three tooth-like projections. Esophagus consisting of an anterior corpus, a distinct isthmus and a postexrlor valvular bulb. In female the posterior o corpus forms a pear-shape dilatation as big as pseudobulb. Intestine anteriorly dilatated to form cardia. Excretory pore behind the base of the bulb* Vulva in anterior third of bodyi Vagina directed obliquely posteriorly, csoiraniinieating with a saclike uterus which ext^rids into the anal region of the body.

37 31 Ovaries two, both anterior lying cx>iled in the region of vulva, extending posteriorly up to behind the middle of body; oviducts reflexed and are directed anteriorly but tuxn again, and run posteriorly till they reach the posterior of the uterus into which they open from the posterior end. Tail long and filiform in female. Tail of male filifonn and sharply set-off. Type apeciest H^mmaryqhmidtialla diesinai (Hammerschmidt, 1638) Chi twood, HAMKSRSOfl4IDriELLA DIESIKGI (HAMMERSCHMIDT, 1636) Plate - IV Deacrjption (Based on single male and t&a finales) t Body small, spindle-shaped, attenuated at ends, tail whip-like. Mouth surrounded by eight papillae and a pair of laterally situated anphids. Papillae on each side of amphids form two groups of one pair each. Oral op«iing triangular and guarded by three pointed teeth-like projections. The exptfided cuticle surrounding mouth gives appearance of a pseudobuccal cavity. Cuticle annulated, annules becoming wider in posterior part up to anus. Lateral alae present, extending from esophageal bxilb up to anus. Pseudobulb prominently developed in female but absent in male. Isthmus well developed.

38 32 Mjlgt Body 0.9 long, maxirouro body width o.o6 3. First annule 18 juw wide, whereas 9 >an at middle of body. Cephalic papillae promin^it. Lateral alae start at from anterior ^:id and nin a distance o 0.59 reaching anus, having a maximum width of Esophagus long; corpus long, o.oh wide; isthmus 0.04 long, o.oll wide. Bulb well developed, 0.03 long, wide. Nerve ring encircles corpus at from anterior end. Body has a trvincated appearance near its posterior end. Tail long, spicate. Caudal papillae three pairs, one pair pre-anal and lateral in position, another pair adanal and ventral, third pair ventral but postanal, situated near tail tip, A single median papilla present near base of tail. Spicule single measuring 20^;aro. XsiSiJt The females are three to four times longer than male measuring 2.2-3,3 in length and ,24 in maximum body-width. First annule measures 11-15^um. width of fifth annule 26-3ojum. Annules at middle of body jum wide. Lateral alae start from base of esophagus and reach up to anus, having maximum width of 21 um. Esophagus long; corpus O.Ol long, wide; pseudobulb long and wider isthmus long and wide; and end bulb ,08 long and wide. Nerve ring at ; excretory pore at and vulva at from anterior «ffid of body. Tail long, tip pointed. Eggs elliptical, measuring x 30-33yUm,

39 33 unsegmoited at deposition. developed lateral alae. Host: SiteI Local!tyt The female larvae possess well P9np;t,qng1;^ft flw^y^qyi^ Intestine Agra & Allgazii. Dlf9US3lyni So ar, the number of loiown species belonging to the g«^us H^aaroersQhmidtlfllft Chlttfood, 1932 Is four; the type species being H«dieslnai Chitwood^ 1932, and others H. navrag Serrano - Sanchez 1947 H. jusisstssla' Kloss# 1966 «id H. D^riDlan^ticolae (Singh, 1955) Kloss, 197o. Of these, the first two and the fourth one have been reported from l^agtr^ff^g^g yggtgflp* and Bt^^tft Qrj,gn^4;i4ff, but the third species is reported from E\ibl,^Qrug sp. H. dizaing^. Is easily distinguished from jh, n^vra^ by its tall langth l/4th to 1/2 against l/7th of the total body laigth. However, Jarry (196 4) has noted that H. qayr^ff could not be rikdescribed by any worker till to-date. H. aqreai^y Kloss, 1966 is characterized by a greatly «ilarged anterior esophageal bulb and the vulva situated near middle of body. H. p^riplanetlco3,^^ (Singh, 19 55) Kloss, 1970 is a oomblnation of L^4vnawella pqriplangtiqol.^^ Singh, 1955 possessing lateral alae in females. Three other species of the g&nxia namely H. m^ohari, Rao, 1958; H. a sol cuius Biswas & CJiakravarty, and H, alnahi, Rao, 1965 have been synonymised with H. dleaing^. by Faroociui

40 34 (1967) and Kloss (197o) respectively. The worms reported by Rao, 1958 are similar to H. <^^flinqi except in the absoice of one pair of papilla, postanal and ventral in position, Farooqui described the irale of H. a axfi,qu^v^ as an immature form of H. 4^qqinqi. due to absence of the spicule and the papillae. The prestfit worm closely restfnbles in all major characters with H, dlaainai except in the presence of a postcloacal pair o papillae. C3iit%rood (1932) described the species with one pair of preanal papillae near anus, one pair pretfial or adanal situated more laterally and a single unpaired ventral papilla near base of tail. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HAMMERSCHMIPTIELLA 1. Vulva in anterior thtrd of body 2 Vulva in middle of body acraana Kloss Tail of female ranges from l/4th - 1/2 of body 3 Tail of female l/7th of body navrae Serrano Sanchez, Lateral alae present in both sexes illflal&fli Chitwood, 1932 Lateral alae present only in females parlplanetigolae (Singh, 1955) Kloss, 197o

41 35 SUBFAMILY PROTRELLOIDINAE CHITWOOD, 1932 Protrelloldlnaa was proposed as a subfamily under the family Thelastomatidae by Chitwood (19 32) on the basis of vulva opening located in the esophageal region. Basir (1956) observed that the position of vulva is greatly variable and hence he synonyroised the subfamily. Only three genera, viz., gffqu<l3hpji.498 Chitwood, Protrellat^^ Chitwood, and Pro1;y^ll\jH Cobb, 1920 were included in the subfainily Pxotrelloidinae all having vulva anterior to base of esophagus. Farooqui (197o) agreed with Chitwood (1932) in reviving the subfamily Protrelloidinae, he added another genus Protrailatu^i to this subfamily. In the pres^it study also this svibfonily is regarded as valid. Dir^anosist Thelastomatidae. Mouth may or may not be surrounded by tri-lobed circumoral elevation; «nphids present; labio-papillae eight. Lip region may or may not be set off from body in finale. Esophagus consisting of a long corpus and an «id bulb; isthmus distinct or indistinct. Excretory pore pre-esophageal. Vulva anterior to base of esophagus. Ovaries two. Tail of female conical or rounded. Eggs oval or ellipsoidal with or without a cuticular crest or longitudinal grooves. Tail of male variable. Spicule single or none. Caudal papillae two to eight pairs.

42 36 KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY PROTRELLOIDINAE 1. Mouth surrovcndad by tri-lobed drcvunoral elevation Protrelloldeg Chltwood, Mouth not surrounded by trl-lobed clrcvunoral elevation Eggs without cuticular crest; spicule absent, ffryvytliilu Chitwood Eggs with cuticular crest; spicule present 3 3. Fwnale tail conical; caudal papillae 2-3 pairs Protre2,lu^ Cobb, 1920 Female tail rounded with two cuticular wing^like projections; caudal papillae eight pairs ProtrttllatM Farooqui, 197o GENUS PROTRELLATUS FAROOQUI, 197o Di,aanosis: Thelastomatidae,Protrelloidinae. Females fairly large/ male small. Cuticle smooth. Mouth not surrounded by tri-lobed circumoral elevation; on dorsal side cephalic region set off from body* cephalic alae present. Mouth surrounded by eight labio-papillae; amphids present. Esophagus comprising of a corpus and a valvular bulb; isthmus indistinct. Excretory pore anterior to base of esophagus. Vulva very close to anterior end. Tail of female broad with a rounded terminus having two cuticular wing>like projections. Eggs elliptical.

43 37 with a eutlcular crest. Tail of mala filiform. Caudal papillae eight pairs. Spicule single. Type speciest PffoVrtlii^"t AUi Type hosts qpfll^ dpffwugwi PROTRELLATUS J^IQUS N. SP. Plate V Description (Based on ten fenales) t Malft Not found Feial^ei Bod^ 7.2->8.8 long« wide. Lip region 0» wide. Esophagus has a corpus measuring X «with a valvular bulb X 0.09 O.lO. Excretory pore at 0« , nerve ring at > 0.11 from anterior end of bod^. Vulva immediately behind excretory pore at , surrounded by protruding lips. Ovaries in posterior third of hod^t oviducts run anteriorly v^ to Junction of anterior and the middle-thirds of bo(^. Anus located at from posterior end of bo< y. Tail elongate, conoid tapering to a rounded tip. Eggs elliptical, more broad on one side. Some mature eggs have a slight cuticular crest on one 9Rd and measure x 41» 5o ;um. Biibryo having one protoplasmic projection at esch end.

44 38 Host! Slt«t orytl^g dofftauc»g Intestine Local!tyt Zoology Department«Aligarh. Diacttaeloni Farooqui (197o) described the new g«nus Protrellattts with a single species, pyftutili^^t.ftiu ^^on the cormon house-cricket Grvl,],iff domestleua. The prestfit author collected a large nunber of females fron the sane host and upon study they were found to resenble the type species,. allf but differed In the following aspectst I) Head Is wide as compared to. alii which Is II) ill) Female tall is narrow as ooa^ared to the female tall of..aui Iggs of the present species differ in shape may have a short crest on one side and the endaryo has protoplasmic piojecticm at both ends. Keeping in view the at>ove differences the author regards it as a new species «^ich is n«bed as Pretrellatu^ al,j,aus n. sp. KEY TO THE SP CIES OF THE GENUS yftyfrgfafaiyx^s 1. Ftfnale tail broad %«ith a rounded terminus having t)#o cutlcular %dng-li)ce projectionsi eggs with cutlcular crest... E..alii Farooqjul, 1970

45 39 Female tall with rounded terminus but narrower and having two cuticular projections; eggs may have short crest on one side and the embryo has protoplasmic projections at both ends E.. ^^jgu? n. sp.

46 40 SIMMARY Some species of n^ntodes from insects are reported from Aligarh and acound. All these species are Oxyuroid and come tinder a family, tvgo subfamilies, five genera, two new and three kncv^i species. Of the three known species, one is recorded for the first time from India, while the other two are co«i%>politan in distribution. I. The family is Thelastomati dae. II. The subfamilies aret 1. Thelastoroatinae 2. Protrelloidinae III. The g^fiera are> 1. Thgt^aW^nfl 2. gghwonkig^to 3. <;gph t9b9llui 4. H^mm^rgghmj^%\qjJ,^ 5* pgptr^uft^uf IV. The new species aret 1. 9ch>f9nkj,q3.j^ft b^ajrl 2. ProtrgtJ,^^ug.aUSMa

47 41 V. The known species aret VI. VII. Of the 15 species of Insects that were examined only, two were found to haxbour a large nuaber of nematodes showing a high parasite burden. One of the species of Insect, Grvllus flirttat'' TifM yielded only a single species of nonatode/ <(^lle the other insect Pgrlolaneta am^rl<;an^ yielded 4 species of n^oatodes. It Is concluded that the incidence of nonatode Infection Is low in insects of Allgazh as compared to that of Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) and Marathwada (Maharashtra) from ii^ere similar work has been dons.

48 42 REFERSliCES ACKERT, J, E, & WAH^EY, F. M, (19 21). Observations on the life history o grol^fll^bjuin micrpbivorm^ Cobb and Its host, Gryl3,tt^ afff4«^uf Fabriclus. Trans. AIQ. mssoms- Soff. JQ, ALI, S. M. & FAROOQUI, M. N. (1966). On a new species of Pqqud^pidodar^ Baylis & Daubney, 1922 from the Black partridge Fyftn<y?lj,pug fjcyifflupu* (L.). MLX' Parassit.. 2S.> ALI, S. M. & FAROOQUI, M. N., (1969). Cordonicol^ blabari, n. gen. n. sp. roin the black roach B3,^qruf sp. and Cordonioolidae fam. nov. from Marathwada/ B12. EAsaaaiS-' JQ^ India. BASIR, M. A., (1940). Nematodes parasitic in Indian cockroaches, Proc. Ii^d. SSk*' 12» BASIR, M. A., (1941) A new species of the nematode genus Bl^attophila Cobb, 1920 from a cockroach. iq, Curr. Sci.. BASIR, M. A., (1941). TVK> new nematodes from an aquatic beetle. Proc. Indiqn Afiag. Ssi./ 1^, BASIR, M. A., (1942). Protrallina phvllodromi, sp. nov. a new nematode parasite of the cockroach E?hvllodrom4,^ l>ubabqrtiana Sauss. Curr. Sci., ii,

49 43 BASIR, M, A., (1942). Karaatodes parasitic In Grvllotaipa. Rac. In(^^ UM** li* BASIR. M. A., (1948). glj^^lwq^gt^ft OYgatffPQn^ft g«n> et sp. nov., a nematodq parasite of Gryllotalpa. Cyi. J. Rgy " 26, 4-7. BASIR, M. A., (1948). C^aronia biovat^ g«i, et. sp. nov, (Thelastomatidae) a new nonnatode parasite of the mole cricket, GyyUffi^ftiPt fl^rlffgpft Beauv. C^. J. R^., JJ6, BASIR, M. A., (1949). A redescriptlon of Caphalobellus brgvi^caudatuai (L,eidy, 1851) ChrisUe, (Nematode), with commdnts on other species of the genus C:^pl>^3,Qbe^lu^. a&. J. Sai»* 22* BASIR, M. A., (1949). A description of the male of Chi,ttJOQdiell^ QVofilqiHtfita Baslr, 1948 (Kwaatodat Thelastomatidae). & ^91'^'^^ QS' Wash., i, BASIR, M. A. (1949). An easy method for the preparation of an J3& JASS view of small nematodes. Try^s. Am. Mi,yrQ^t;. QS, J8, BASIR, M. A., (1951), The mode of egg-laying in the n«matode family Thelastomatidae. J. Paraait.. 37, BASIR, M. A,, (1956). Oxyuroid parasites of Arthropods. A monographic study, I. Thelastomatidae. 2. Oxyuridae..SSSlfia4 ft«g^mtw. i < 79 pp. 13 pis.