Asian Arowana Status in Sarawak, Borneo
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1 Asian Arowana Status in Sarawak, Borneo Khairulazman Sulaiman 1,3 Mohd. Shahbudin Hj. Sabki 2 Mohamad Asyraf Mohamad Sulaiman 1 AP Dr. Ruhana Hassan 1 Dr. Fazimah Aziz 1 1 Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. 2 Forest Department of Sarawak, Bangunan, Wisma Sumber Alam, Jalan Stadium Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak. 3 7th Floor, Bangunan Binamas, Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak
2 What Tor is this? WWF-Malaysia/ Mazidi Ghani
3 Where is the current distribution of S. formosus in Sarawak? Goldee: 2012 ~ 2017
4 Introduction Scleropages formosus Asian Arowana, Kelisa, Siluk Long time ago early Cretaceous, Asian arowana diverged from the Australasian arowanas (Kumazawa & Nishida, 2000)
5 Nine members of Osteoglossidae family A - Arapaima gigas B Arapaima leptosoma C - Heterotis niloticus D - Osteoglossum bicirrhosum E - Osteoglossum ferreirai F - Scleropages formosus G - Scleropages inscriptus H - Scleropages jardinii C I - Scleropages leichardti F1 F2 E G D H B A I
6 Three Colour Variety of Asian Arowana Variety/ Type Price per individual (15-20 cm) (RM) Price per individual (>40 cm) (RM) Gold arowana Malaysian Gold 1,500 3,000 12,000 14,000 Gold Blue Base 1,500 3,000 12,000 14,000 Highback Golden 500 1,000 6,000 8,000 Red arowana Chili Red 1,200 2,200 12,000 14,000 Super Red 1,000 2,000 10,000 12,000 Banjar Red ,000 2,500 Green arowana ,500 1,800 Amazon Silver arowana Source: Department of Fisheries Malaysia (2012)
7 84/83 100/100 93/94 86/87 63/64 52/53 69/68 95/95 69/68 100/100 91/91 100/100 72/72 82/81 S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM23 Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM02 Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM26 Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM10 Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM09 Golden S. formosus PGM04 Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM17 Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus PGM07 Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM19 Golden S. formosus PGM15 Golden S. formosus PGM01 Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus PGM20 Golden S. formosus PGM14 Golden S. formosus PGM03 Golden S. formosus PGM25 Golden S. formosus SRT01 Red S. formosus SRM02 Red S. formosus SRM01 Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus SRM03 Red S. formosus SRM04 Red S. formosus SRT02 Red S. formosus JN Red S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus JN Golden S. formosus SGM04 Golden S. formosus SGT04 Golden S. formosus SGT05 Golden S. formosus SGM05 Golden S. formosus SGM03 Golden S. formosus SGT01 Golden S. formosus SGT03 Golden S. formosus SGM01 Golden S. formosus SGT02 Golden S. formosus SGM02 Golden S. formosus PGM16 Golden S. formosus KGT01 Golden S. formosus PGM08 Golden S. formosus PGM24 Golden S. formosus PGM12 Golden S. formosus PGM18 Golden S. formosus PGM06 Golden S. formosus PGM11 Golden S. formosus PGM13 Golden S. formosus PGM05 Golden S. formosus JN Green S. formosus JN Green S. formosus JN Green S. formosus JN Green S. formosus JN Green S. jardinii NC S. jardinii KF S. leichardti AY S. leichardti FJ O. bicirrhosum SOB03 AST03 A. gigas EF Heterotis niloticus AY Osphronemus goramy AY R e d / G o l d e n Green Outgroup 16S NJ and ME phylogenetic tree Green arowana separated in other clade Need protection for the conservation of Biodiversity
8 Background 1 Population status of S. formosus in Sarawak relatively unknown 2 Green type in Sarawak 3 4 The wild population might be too small Extinct in the wild? - Habitat loss - Hunting pressure, accidental caught - Discrimination of aquaculture preference
9 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Endangered CITES Appendix I The one and only bony fish Protected in Sarawak
10 Distribution in Sarawak 1 Sungai Raso, Lundu area; Arowana Fish Survey in the Lundu-Sematan - FDS unpublished report, Samunsam River; FRST, UNIMAS Samunsam Expedition unofficial report, 1997 Sungai Kenyana, Mukah area Hasanaliza, Sungai Kubud, Bintulu area - FDS unpublished report Tasik Kinyu, Bintulu area - Blog
11 Potential distribution Wulffraat et al. (2016)
12 Samunsam WS n-= 62
13 Kenyana
14 Ulu Kapuas
15 Ulu Kapuas
16 Future Projection?
17 Current logging practices deforestation Use of rivers as means of transport Land and water resources development works Habitat loss and degradation Agricultural development schemes Agricultural activities Dam construction e.g. for HEP generation, irrigation Overfishing pressure Destructive & abusive fishing method Advent of cash economy supply and demand Drop in CPUE Drop in number of bigsized individuals Drop in quality Drop in relative abundance Loss of species diversity and genetic material Some major causes and impacts of decline of the indigenous Freshwater Fishes of Sarawak (FDS, unpublished) Fish stocks in natural water bodies Decline and results Impacts Diminish in traditional protein and income Malnutrient, health problems, reduced quality of life Free and easy access to resources Lack of regulation and awareness People s attitude Relative increase in neglected species Relative increase in small-sized species and individuals Increasing scarcity of certain species from certain river system Ecological imbalance Breakdown of the rural social structures and traditional ways of life
18 Recommendation 1 Protection of fish + management of habitat Legislative: SFO, 2003 & WPO, Enhancement of protection through frequent patrolling 3 Collaboration and funding? - More survey, more data? 4 3E - Education, Enforcement, Engagement (with local people) 5 Systematic captive breeding - reintroduction of fish stock 6 Standardize the method for fish assessment - guide
19 Thank you
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