On a New Species of Rhabdochona, Cyprinus carpio (L.) in Jaikwadi Dam of Aurangabad (M. S.) India

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1 On a New Species of Rhabdochona, Cyprinus carpio (L.) in Jaikwadi Dam of Aurangabad (M. S.) India Nimbalkar R K, R V Deolalikar and V N Kamtikar Department of Zoology, Vinayakrao Patil College, Vaijapur, Dist Aurangabad (M.S.) India rknimbalkar@gmail.com ABSTRACT A new nematode species, Rhabdochona carpiae sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae), is described from the intestine of the freshwater common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) at Jaikwadi dam of Aurangabad district. The species is differs from other representatives of the subgenus Globochona Moravec, 1972 which possess eggs provided with swellings in having a spinose formation at tip of tail, in male and female. The body length of female ( mm), presence of two-three swellings on the egg, eight anterior prostomal teeth, length ratio of spicules (1: ) and arrangement of male genital papillae. This is the second species of the subgenus Globochona reported from fishes in India. Key words: freshwater fish, nematode, Jaikwadi dam, India. INTRODUCTION Genus Rhabdochona was erected by Railliet in 1916 with Rhabdochona denudata from Cyprinus euritharophthalmus as the type species. The genus Rhabdochona includes large number of species all over the world. Yamaguti (1961) listed about 30 species under the genus Rhabdochona, Ralliet, 1916 from different hosts from various parts of the world. Sahay (1971) revised the genus Rhabdochona with a key to the Indian species. Moravec (1972, 1975, 1978) extensively studied the genus Rhabdochona. Sood (1988) provided key to the species of Rhabdochona, in South Asia, In India Rhabdochona labeonis was describe by Kalyankar (1972), Rhabdochona marina was reported from the intestine of Pempheris vanicolensis (Cuvier) of Visakhapatnam (Lakshmi and Sudha, 1999). Rhabdochona indina was reported from intestine of Pempheris vanicolensis (Lakshmi, 2001) Reports also described from freshwater fishes Barilius vagra and Mystus vitattus in Pakistan (Gjhazi et al., 2003 and Rafique et al., 2002). Rhabdochona sp. are reported from Arizona (Choudhry et al., 2004), Thailand (Boonchot and Wongsawad, 2005) and Rhabdochona kharani was reported from Labeo gedrosicus in Pakistan (Kakar et al., 2006). Recently, Moravec and Kamchoo (2012) reported Rhabdochona rasborae from Rasbora paviana tirant in southern Thailand. Present description is based on both male and female specimens from a fresh water fish common carp Cyprinus carpio from Jaikwadi dam of Aurangabad District Maharashtra State of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fish were collected by a local fisherman using nets from Jaikwadi dam of Aurangabad district (M.S.) India. Twenty specimens of Cyprinus carpio (total body length [mean 25] cm, weight [mean 85] g) specimens were dissected laterally from anus to head; entire digestive tract was removed and placed in Petri-dish containing physiological saline. The internal organs were opened lengthwise and each parasite was isolated carefully. 18 nematodes (10 females and 8 males) were recovered from 15 fishes, maximum number of parasites were 1-2 in a fish. Parasites were fixed in 70% alcohol and glycerol (1:1). To expose key anatomical features and outer integument of nematodes, lactophenol was used. Parasites were mounted between slide glass and cover glass using 2 to 3 drops of glycerol. Nail polish was pasted around the sides of cover slips to hold them firmly. For light microscopy (LM) examination, the nematodes were cleared with glycerin. Line drawings were made with the help of Camera Lucida all measurements are in micrometres unless otherwise indicated ISSN: X (Online)

2 Nimbalkar et al., The name of fishes was followed by Fish Base (Froese and Pauly 2012). Specimens were deposited in the Helminthology section in Department of Zoology, Vinayakrao Patil College Vaijapur, Aurangabad (M.S.) Taxonomoic summary Site of infection: intestine. Type locality: Jaikwadi dam, Aurangabad district of Maharashtra State of India. Dam is built on River Godavari. GPS Co-ordinate: N and E (Garmin Hand Held) Intensity of infection: 75% (15 fish infected/20 fish examined); 1.2 nematodes/fish Deposition of type specimens: Department of Zoology, Vinayakrao Patil College, Vaijapur Disrtict Aurangabad (M.S.) India (Cat No. Helminth 309) Etymology: The species name Rhabdochona carpiae (genitive) relates to the generic name of the host fish species (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Rhabdochona carpiae sp. n. (Figure) Description: Medium-sized nematodes with finely transversely striated cuticle. Oral aperture hexagonal to oval, with four submedian sublabia, surrounded by four small submedian cephalic papillae and pair of lateral amphids. Prostom barrelshaped, with distinct basal teeth (Fig. F). Anterior margin of prostom armed internally with sixteen large, forwardly directed teeth (4 dorsal, 4 ventral and 4 on each side). Vestibule long. Deirids small, bifurcate, glandular oesophagus 8-15-times longer than muscular oesophagus. Tail of both sexes conical with truncated tip. Length of body 5-6. (5) mm, maximum width (75). Prostom (16) long and (16) wide in lateral view. anterior margin of prostom armed internally with 16 small, forwardly directed teeth (4 dorsal, 4 ventral and 4 on each side) Length of vestibule including prostom (118). Figure Rhabdochona carpiae sp. n. A Anterior part of male showing prostome, mesostome, cervical papillae, esophagus,( Lateral view) B - anterior end of female, showing prostome, mesostome, esophagus (Lateral view) C- tail of female showing anal opening and tail (Lateral view), D- female containing eggs, E- posterior part of male showing spicules (Lateral view), caudal papillae, cloaca and tail. F- apical view. Male (Based on eight specimens) ISSN: X (Online)

3 Glandular oesophagus (1.80) mm Rhabdochona singhi (Ali, 1956) from Glossogobius long, maximum width (52); length ratio of giuris (Hamilton). Report of Kumchoo (2000), both parts 1:10-15 (1:13). Muscular oesophagus Wongsawad et al. (2004) and Boonchot and (185) long, maximum width (16); Wongsawad (2005) indicated that Rhabdochona Length of vestibule with prostom and entire spp. is common parasites of fishes in Thailand. oesophagus forms (40) % of body length. Rhabdochona with or 16 anterior teeth, tail Nerve ring encircling muscular oesophagus tip of female conical, ending in sharp cuticular (170) from anterior extremity; excretory pore at spike or rounded; egg with smooth surface, or with (235). Deirids not located. Preanal very fine, irregular gelatinous flocks, filaments or papillae: 7-9 (8) subventral and 1 (1) lateral pairs; special polar swelling. latter situated at about level of, or somewhat Recently described species of posterior to, third pair of subventrals. Rhabdochona exhibit some unique or rare Female (Based on ten specimens) morphological features within this genus, such as Length of body (18) mm, maximum the shape of deirids in Rhabdochona pseudomysti width (192). Prostom (23) [10-16] or caudal structures in Rhabdochona rasborae and long and (16) wide. Length of vestibule Rhabdochona thaiensis a remarkable feature of including prostom (140). Muscular Rhabdochona (G.) rasborae is the structure of the oesophagus (180) long, maximum width male ventral precloacal ornamentation (area (30); glandular oesophagus (2.40) rugosa). as mentioned by Moravec et al. (2012), in mm, maximum width (70) length ratio of some Rhabdochona species this male ventral both parts 1:12-16 (1:14) [1:10-12]. Length of cuticular ornamentation is formed, similarly to vestibule with prostom and entire oesophagus some cystidicolids, by several longitudinal ridges or forms (24) [25-40] % of body length. Nerve is completely missing; in Rhabdochona carpiae sp. ring, excretory pore and deirids at (215), n. the area rugosa is missing and in Rhabdochona (260) and mm respectively, from rasborae (Moravec and Kamchoo, 2012) it is anterior extremity. Vulva post-equatorial, represented by many cuticular transverse bands (8.45) mm from anterior extremity, at bearing numerous short longitudinal ridges. This (60) [60-62] % of body length. Vagina directed first cuticular transverse bands has been reported only anteriorly and then posteriorly from vulva. Based for the recently described species Rhabdochona on the morphological characters, anterior (G.) kurdistanensis (Moravec et al., 2012) from prostomal teeth (16 in number) and the presence cyprinid fish in Iraq. of caudal projections on the tip of the tail, present In Rhabdochona carpiae sp. n. numerous nematodes assigned to the Rhabdochona subgenus small cuticular outgrowths at the tail tip of both Globochona, as re-described by Moravec (1975). sexes are present this characteristic mainly of some Discussion Rhabdochona species. According to Moravec, The classification of the genus (1975) these are the characters of subgenera Rhabdochona Railliet 1916, and its subgenera Globochona and Globochonoides. In our study, based on morphology of eggs, have been discussed light microscope (LM) was used and it is difficult to by several workers (Choquett, 1951; Gustapfson, study small size of these caudal cuticular 1949; Holloway and Klewer, 1969; Janiszewska J, structures. However, recent Scanning Electron 1955; Moravec, 1975; Roytman and Trofimenko, Micrographs (SEM) studies of these caudal 1964), according to them Character of eggs has formations in a few species of Rhabdochona shown been emphasizes for diagnosis of subgenera. Few substantial inter-specific differences in the species of Rhabdochona (Globochona) are known structure (Moravec et al., 2012). from freshwater fishes in tropical and subtropical Two ventral claw-shaped projections are Asia and Africa (Moravec, 1975; 2010; Boomker present on the tail tip of Rhabdochona (G.) and Petter 1993; Wang et al., 1994.) In India thaiensis, two lateral denticulate outgrowths, each species of Rhabdochona, characterized by the eggs bearing four horn-like projections, are found on provided with conspicuous lateral swellings are that of Rhabdochona (G.) kurdistanensis (Moravec Rhabdochona bariliusi, (Soota and Sarkar, 1981) et al., 2012), and the female tail tip of from Barilius bendelisis; Rhabdochona barusi Rhabdochona (G.) coronacauda Belous, 1965 bears (Majumdar et al., 1971) from Barilius sp. two broad lateral outgrowths, each with ISSN: X (Online)

4 Nimbalkar et al., 4-8 digit-like projections surrounding a smooth central area demarcated by both outgrowths (Moravec et al. 2012d). The female tail tip of Rhabdochona salgadoi is provided with a small terminal rose-shaped outgrowth bearing numerous digit-like projections. In contrast, the male and female tail tips of Rhabdochona carpiae have terminal rose-shaped outgrowth bearing numerous digit-like projections is surrounded by a ring, thickened cuticle and two small spines. LITERATURE CITED All SM, Studies on the nematode parasites of fishes and birds found in Hyderabad state. Indian Journal of Helminthology 8:1-83. Boomker J, Petter AJ, Parasites of South African freshwater fish. III. Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) versterae n. sp. (Nematoda: rhabdochonidae) from the spot-tailed robber, Alestes imberi Peters Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res., 60: Boonchot K, Wongsawad C, A survey of helminths in fish from the Mae Ngad Somboonchon Reservior, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 36 (1): Caspeta-Mandujano JM, Moravec F, Two new intestinal nematodes of Profundulus labialis (Pisces, cyprinodontidae) from fresh waters in Mexico. Acta. Parasitol., 45: Choquett LPE, On the nematode genus Rhabdochona Railliet1961, (Nematoda: Spiruroidea). Can J Zool., 29: Choudhry C, Hoffnagle TL, Cole RA, Parasites of native and non- native fishes of the Little Collorado River, Ground Canyon, Arizona. J. Parasitol., 9 (5): Froese R, Pauly D, Fish Base. version 02/2013. Gjhazi RR, Noor-u-Nissa, Bilqees FM, First report of the genus Rhabdochona (Globochiona) rahimi sp. n. from a freshwater fish Barilius vagra in Pakistan. Acta Parasitol., 27: Gustapfson PV, Description of some species of Rhabdochona (Nematoda: Thelaziidae). J. Parasitol., 35: Holloway HL, Klewer HL, Rhabdochona beatriceinslyae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the Antartic Zoarcids, Rhigophila earbornic. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc., 88: Janiszewska J, Rhabdochonoid des barbi g. n., sp. n., subfamily Rhabdochonoidinae subfam. n. (Fam. Rhabdochonidae Skrjabin) an intestinal parasite in cyprinid fish. Acta Parasit. Pol., 3: Kakar Asmatullah, Fatima Mujib Bilqees, Juma Khan Kakar, Rhabdochona kharani sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) From The Fish Labeo gedrosicus Zugmayer, 1912 from Garruk, District Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi., 30 (1): Kalyankar, SD, On some interesting nematodes of fishes from India. Riv. De Parasitol., 33: Lakshmi, BB, Rhabdochona indina n.sp. (Nematoda:Rhabdochonidae) from the intestine of Pempheris vanicolensis. Bal. Chil. Parasitol., 57: 3-4. Lakshmi, BB, Sudha M, On a new species Rhabdochona marina (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the intestine of Pempheris vanicolensis (Cuvier) of Visakhapatnam. Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh J.Zool., 19: Majumdar, G, and NC, De, Rhabdochona barusi sp. nov. from the fish Barilius sp. with the key to the Indian species of this genus. Folia Parasitologica., 18: Moravec, F, General characterization of the nematodes genus Rhabdochona with a revesion of the South American species. Vestern. Cesk. Spol. Zool., 38: Moravec, F, (1975) Reconstruction of the nematode genus, Rhabdochona Ralliet, 1916 with a review of the species parasitic in fishes of Europe and Asia, Paragune. Ceskoslovenske Academi Ved Studie, CASAV 8: 104. Moravec, F, Some aspects of the taxonomy, biology, possible evolution and biogeography of nematodes of the Spirurine genus Rhabdochona, Railliet 1916 (Rhabdochonidae) (Thelazioidea) Acta Parasitol., 55: Moravec, F, Species of the genus Rhabdochona Ralliet, 1916 from fishes of Czechoslovakia. Folia. Parasit. Paraha., 15: Moravec F, and Kamchoo K, Description of Rhabdochona (Globochona) rasborae sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from the freshwater cyprinid fish Rasbora paviana tirant in southern Thailand. Folia. Parasit., 59 (3): ISSN: X (Online)

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