Takayuki Matsumoto 1, Keisuke Satoh 1, Yasuko Semba 1, Tatsuki Oshima 2 and Mikio Toyonaga 2
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1 Difference of fish behavior associated with drifting FADs by species and oceanographic conditions possibility of selective catch by purse seine fishery Takayuki Matsumoto 1, Keisuke Satoh 1, Yasuko Semba 1, Tatsuki Oshima 2 and Mikio Toyonaga 2 1 National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Research Agency (NRIFSF) 2 Marine Fisheries Research and Development Department Center of Fisheries Research Agency (JAMARC) 1
2 Contents Backgrounds Distribution of operation and bigeye catch by Japanese purse seine fishery Behavioral study using acoustic telemetry Comparison of fish behavior under different oceanographic conditions Catch rate of bigeye tuna by purse seine under several conditions Future outlook 2
3 Backgrounds Many small yellowfin and bigeye tunas are caught by purse seine fishery operating around floating objects including FADs, which may have bad effects on the stocks. We conducted research of monitoring fish behavior around FADs using ID pinger to get information for the selective catch by purse seine fishery. Catch rate of bigeye tuna by purse seine fishing gear and operation type was analyzed and considered 3
4 Distribution of Japanese purse seine operations
5 Catch of bigeye tuna by purse seine 5
6 Species composition of catch (based on logbook, tropical area) 1% Proportion of catch in weight 8% 6% % 2% % Year 6
7 Total catch in WCPFC area Data: WCPFC Yearbook 1,, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6,, 2, Totalc atc h (pu rse se ine,w C P F C are a) Year 5, Totalc atc h (pu rse se ine,w C P F C are a), 3, 2, 1, Catch(t) Year Catch(t)
8 Image of tuna association with FAD (virtual) FAD (drifting) Skipjack Yellowfin Bigeye 8
9 Behavioral study around drifting FAD (21, 23, 25) Capture of the fish (jigging or trolling) Deployment of ID pinger (coded transmitter) Release Monitor the behavior around FADs ID pinger Two successful tracking in 25 No.1 FAD6:, No.2 FAD8:,, 9
10 Biotelemetry system Hydrophone Sonic signal (ID, depth and position) 51-6kHz 2-69 sec. interval Up to 56 individuals R/V Shoyo-maru Wind direction Distance: usually 25 to 6m Depth 12 to 3m FAD (drifting) Fish with ID pinger (VEMCO V16P-1H, 3H) 1
11 Summary of successful tracking Tra ck No. FAD No. Period of tracking Duration of tracking (hr) Position of initial release Number of individuals released with ID pinger Size of the fish (cm) (monitored for >2h) 1 FAD6 25/7/9-25/7/ N E Total 65 :38.9, : , FAD8 25/8/1-25/8/ N E Total :36.-6., : , Total 633 (26d 9h) Total 15 :36.-6., : ,
12 Position of this study Marshall Is. No.2 (FAD8) Gilbert Is. No.1 (FAD6) Phoenix Is. 12
13 IndividualID 7/9 : /1 : Association with FAD for each individual (1 st tracking, FAD6) 7/11 : 7/12 : 7/13 : 7/1 : Tim e (L ocal) 7/15 : 7/16 : FAD6 7/17 : 7/18 : 7/19 : 7/2 : 7/21 : Night cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm Release S hedding Skipjack(<cm) Skipjack( cm) Yellowfin(<6cm) Yellowfin( 6cm) Bigeye(<6cm) Bigeye( 6cm) : Release : Shedding : Night
14 Association with FAD for each individual (2 nd tracking, FAD8) IndividualID 8/1 : /11 : 8/12 : 8/13 : 8/1 : 8/15 : 8/16 : Tim e (Local) 8/17 : FAD8 8/18 : 8/19 : 8/2 : 8/21 : 8/22 : 8/23 : 8/2 : 8/25 : Night cm cm cm cm cm 6 (<cm) cm cm cm cm cm 11 ( cm) cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm 2 (<6cm) cm cm cm cm cm cm 26 ( 6cm) cm cm cm cm cm cm 32 (<6cm) cm cm cm 35 B ET cm 36 B ET cm 37 B ET cm 38 B ET28.8cm Skipjack Skipjack Yellowfin Yellowfin Bigeye : Release 39 B ET cm : Shedding B ET cm R elease Shedding 1 : Night
15 Time series swimming depth (1 st tracking, FAD6) Depth(m ) D epth(m ) 7/13 : /13 8: 7/13 16: 7/1 : Ye low fin tuna FAD 6 25/7/13-7/17 7/1 8: 7/1 16: Ship tim e 7/15 : Night12 N ight 12 N ight 12 N ight N ight 7/13 : 7/13 8: 7/13 16: 7/1 : 7/1 8: 7/15 8: 7/15 16: 7/16 : Bigeye tuna FAD6 25/7/13-7/17 7/16 8: 7/16 16: Night12 N ight 12 N ight 12 N ight N ight 7/17 : 3 Ship time 7/1 7/15 7/16 16: 7/15 : 7/15 8: 16: 7/16 : 7/16 8: 16: 7/17 : cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm 15
16 Depth(m ) Depth(m ) Depth(m) Time series swimming depth (2nd tracking, FAD8) Skipjacktuna FAD8 25/8/19-8/23 Ship time 8/19 : 8/2 : 8/21 : 8/22 : 8/23 : 8/2 : Yellow fin tuna FAD 8 25/8/19-8/23 Ship time 8/19 : 8/2 : 8/21 : 8/22 : 8/23 : 8/2 : Bigeye tuna FAD8 25/8/19-8/23 Ship tim e 8/19 : 8/2 : 8/21 : 8/22 : 8/23 : 8/2 : cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm 28.8cm cm cm cm cm Depth(m) FAD8 C T51C N, W 25/8/2 19:6 Tem perature( ) DO(ml/l) Tem perature DO 16
17 Comparison of vertical behavior between species (25 2 nd tracking) FAD8 25/8/2-8/22 m ixed species Ship time 8/2 : 8/2 12: 8/21 : 8/21 12: 8/22 : Depth(m) Night Night Night cm cm cm 17
18 Frequency distribution of swimming depth for each tracking and species 1 st tracking 5 FAD6 al N=16 5 FAD6 al N=23 5 FAD6 al N=26 Depth(m) Day 82.9m Depth(m) Day 85.3m Night 6.m Depth(m) Day 86.m Night 61.3m 2 nd tracking Sday N um ber of records FAD8 al N um ber of records FAD8 al N= N um ber of records FAD8 al N=6 Snight Depth(m ) 1 N=1 Depth(m ) 1 Depth(m ) 1 Depth (average) 15 2 Day 66.m Night 37.9m N um ber of records 15 2 Day 8.6m Night 55.5m Num ber of records 15 2 Day 79.m Night 52.7m N um ber of records
19 Species composition of the catch by jigging by fishing day (1 st tracking) 7/9 7/1 No.1 Tracking (F A D 6) N um ber of individuals(%) % 2% % 6% 8% 1% Fishing day 7/11 7/12 7/13 7/1 7/15 7/16 7/17 7/18 7/19 19
20 Length frequency of the catch by fishing day Skipjack Yellowfin Bigeye 7/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / N um ber of individuals / Fork length(cm ) Number of individuals 7/ Fork length(cm ) Num ber of individuals / Fork length(cm )
21 Day Average depth (m ) Difference of swimming depth by species and size (daily average depth, 1 st tracking, FAD6) /7/13 D ay Average depth (m ) /7/1 D ay Average depth (m ) /7/15 D ay Average depth (m ) /7/16 D ay /7/17 D ay 25/7/18 D ay 25/7/19 D ay 25/7/2 D ay Night Average depth (m ) /7/13 N ight Average depth (m ) /7/1 N ight Average depth (m ) /7/15 N ight Average depth (m ) /7/16 N ight /7/17 N ight 25/7/18 N ight 25/7/19 N ight 25/7/2 N ight
22 Day Difference of swimming depth by species and size (daily average depth, 2 nd tracking, FAD8) 25/8/16 Day /8/17 Day /8/18 Day /8/19 Day /8/2 Day /8/21 Day /8/22 Day /8/23 Day Night 25/8/12 Night /8/13 Night /8/1 Night /8/15 Night /8/16 Night /8/17 Night /8/18 Night /8/19 Night
23 Comparison with 23 study Oct.-Nov. 23, WCPFC SC1 document, Matsumoto et. al. (25) 23
24 1 Oceanographic condition 23 study C T S,176.6E 23/11/3 17: Tem perature( ) study (2 nd tracking) FAD8 CT51C N, W 25/8/2 19:6 Tem perature( ) D epth(m) 2 3 Depth(m) Tem p DO DO(ml/l) 5 Tem perature DO DO(ml/l) 2
25 Results of 23 study ( and only) FAD7 23/11/8-11/1 m ixed specie s (B E T,Y F T ) aro u n d S,177-5E Ship time 11/8 : 11/8 12: 11/9 : 11/9 12: 11/1 : 11/1 12: Depth(m ) cm cm cm cm cm B ET cm B ET cm B ET cm B ET cm Night
26 Comparison of swimming depth between tracking series 23 D epth(m) 3.S,176.6E 23/11/3 17: Tem perature( ) nd DO(ml/l) N, W 25/8/2 19:6 Tem perature( ) Tem p DO Depth(m) FAD7 al Num ber of records FAD8 all Night Day Depth(m) FAD7 all 5 1 N u m be r o f re c o rds FAD 8 B ET a l Night Day Depth(m) 15 2 Depth(m) 15 2 Depth(m) Tem perature DO DO(ml/l) day -night N um ber of records day -night N um ber of records
27 The relationship between the length of underwater object of FAD and bigeye catch by purse seine Satoh et. al. (27) (WCPFC SC3 document) Hypothesis: The longer the underwater object of FAD becomes, the more bigeye is caught Methods FAD underwater object length: report by vessels catch: logbook and port sampling 27
28 Short Floating base Long The length of underwater structures not associated with FADs Catch ratio of :.38 = 5/13 Catch : 13 = 8 () + 5 () associated with FADs Catch ratio of :.5 = 1/2 Catch : 2 = 1 () + 1 () 28
29 Results Significant correlations were not found Sample size is very small This study is continuing ratio of bigeye tuna to total catch per set (A) port sampling ratio of bigeye tuna catch to total catch per set (B) log book Depth of under water structure of FADs (m) Depth of under water structure of FADs 29 (m)
30 Behavior of fish after setting of the net (virtual) FAD (drifting) 3
31 Species composition by fishing method (25 1 st tracking) Purse seine operation and on-board sampling were conducted for the same FAD just after the tracking 25 FAD6 species com position of the catch in num ber 25 FAD6 species com position of the catch in weight Fishing m ethod Jigging Fishing m ethod Jigging Purse seine Purse seine % 2% % 6% 8% 1% Proportion in num ber 31 % 2% % 6% 8% 1% Proportion in weight
32 Difference of catch by time of operation Based on logbook, May 27 C atch per set (t) C atch per set by operation time Floating object set N ight (start before 8:) D ay (start after 8:) >1kg <1kg Species 32
33 Future outlook Consider the design of future behavioral study Monitoring the behavior of each species after setting the net Difference of horizontal behavior among species Analyze and consider in detail about the effect of gear and operation type for the catch of bigeye tuna 33
34 Acknowledgements Crew of R/V Shoyo-maru Staffs of Fisheries Agency of Japan Staffs of JAMARC Crew of purse seine vessel No.18 Taijin-maru VEMCO Nippon Kaiyo Co. LTD. PFRP 3
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