FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT. Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea PROJECT REFERENCE: PAC1.5 - B8

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1 FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea PROJECT REFERENCE: PAC1.5 - B8 Assignment implemented by Paul NICHOLS & Steve LINDSAY JANUARY2013 Project Funded by the European Union. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The content of this document does not necessarily reflect the views of the concerned governments.

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT COMMENTS ON THE TERMS OF REFERENCE ORGANISATION AND METHODOLOGY DELIVERY OF THE TERMS OF REFERENCE CONDUCT AND DETAILS OF THE ASSIGNMENT CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS... 9 Appendices APPENDIX A: TERMS OF REFERENCE APPENDIX B: WORK SCHEDULE APPENDIX C: PEOPLE MET APPENDIX D: DOCUMENTATION CONSULTED APPENDIX E: PHOTOGRAPHS TAKEN DURING THE MISSION APPENDIX F: INCEPTION REPORT APPENDIX G: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL STAKEHOLDER VALIDATION WORKSHOP APPENDIX H: VALIDATED INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT DRAFT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILES Tables TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF APPROACH... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. TABLE 2: KEY ACTIVITIES PERFORMED... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. Figures FIGURE 1: MAP OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, AND THE PROVINCES APPLICABLE TO THIS STUDY... 1 FIGURE 2: AVAILABILITY OF PHYSICAL, GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL DATA REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILES... 4 FIGURE 3: AVAILABILITY/QUALITY OF DATA REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILES... 4 FIGURE 4: COMPLIANCE WITH FISHERIES REGULATIONS AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL... 7 FIGURE 5: ENFORCEMENT OF FISHERIES REGULATIONS AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL... 8 FIGURE 6: STAFF AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FOR PROVINCIAL FISHERIES ADMINISTRATIONS... 8 FIGURE 7: RATING OF NATIONAL/PROVINCIAL EFFORTS TO INCREASE SKILLS... 9 FIGURE 8: AVAILABILITY OF STOCK AND FISHERY DATA FIGURE 9: AVAILABILITY OF DATA RELATING TO INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented i

3 Boxes BOX 1: MEMORANDA OF AGREEMENTS BETWEEN NFA AND PROVINCIAL AUTHORITIES... 9 Cover photo Deep-water snapper landed at Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association, East New Britain Province (photo: Paul Nichols) Acknowledgements The assistance of NFA officers is gratefully acknowledged, particularly Sylvester Pokajam (Managing Director, NFA), Mr Andrew Taunega (Project Manager, NFA) andpresley Kokwaiye (NFA Provincial Support Officer). Our thanks go also to Philippe Cacaud (Legal and MCS Expert, ACP Fish II Coordination Unit, Brussels) and Mr Augustine Mobiha (Regional Manager for the Pacific- ACP Fish II, Solomon Islands), as well as Ms Stacey Wali for her excellent administrative support in organising the stakeholder validation workshop. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented ii

4 Abbreviations and Acronyms ACIAR ACP ACP Fish II ARTFISH CFMDP CPUE FAO FFA FMIS GEF ICT LLG MCS MoA NFA OFCF PGK PNG RCFDP SWOT Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research Africa, Caribbean and Pacific States ACP Fish II programme: Strengthening fisheries management in ACP states Approaches, Rules and Techniques for Fisheries statistical monitoring Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project (ADB-funded) Catch per Unit Effort Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency Fisheries Management Information System Global Environment Fund Information and Communications Technology Local Level Government Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Memorandum of Agreement National Fisheries Administration (of Papua New Guinea) Overseas Fisheries Cooperation Foundation (Japan) PNG Kina (currency) Papua New Guinea Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme (EU-funded) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented iii

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Mission was undertaken during the period 23 Nov Jan 2013 by AGRER Ltd, under contract to the ACP Fish-II Programme. The Mission s objective was to help improve the availability and reliability of data and information for the fisheries sector at provincial level, through the development of a suitable fisheries database template and identifying courses of action required to ensure regular updating of provincial fisheries databases, once developed. The mission commenced with a literature search and review, and the development of a draft work plan. The two-man team assigned by AGRER to undertake the mission arrived in Port Moresbyon 23 and 26 Nov Initial planning consultations at NFAs office took place on 26 th November, attended by NFA and ACP Fish-II officials. During this period, the mission team obtained clarity on the detailed aims of the mission, the outputs and logistical and administrative matters. The first phase of the mission took place between 23 November and 10 December 2012,during which time the mission team visited fivekey provinces, including East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay and Central. Face-to-face consultations were held with a total of 53 stakeholders. In addition, phone/ contacts were made with 10 stakeholders in other provinces and interested organisations.a debriefing on the first phase was undertaken at the beginning of phase 2 at NFA headquarters in Port Moresby on January 15 th. The information and data obtained through literature searches and stakeholder interviews was used by the mission team to formulate a draft model template for provincial fisheries profiles the key deliverable of the mission. These form the basis of the Interim technical Report. The second phase of the Mission took place between 11 th and 24 th January A stakeholder validation workshop was held on 17 th and 18 th January, 2013 in Port Moresby, attended by 25Provincial stakeholdersrepresenting 9provinces and other interested parties. The workshop afforded the opportunity for stakeholders to review and thoroughly discuss the draft Interim Technical Report produced at the end of the first phase, which included the draft Provincial profile format and draft national policy for data and information. The feedback obtained was duly considered by the mission team and a revised document produced constituting the Draft Final Technical Report. The DFTRwas produced and submitted to ACP Fish-II and NFA on 28 th January 2013 and circulated by NFA for additional comment. Additional comments were received from provincial and other stakeholders or the NFAbefore the end of the final 14-day deadline for further feedback, and thisfinal technical report was finalized on the basis of the workshop debates and the circulated draft FTR. The provincial data & information template and national policy document is attached hereto, together with all other required attachments, according to the reporting format stipulated by the ACP Fish-II Programme. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 1

6 1 BACKGROUND The Mission was undertaken by AGRER, under contract to the ACP FISH II Coordination Unit for the provision of technical support to the National Fisheries Authority (NFA) of Papua New Guinea. The overall objective of the ACP FISH 2 Programme, of which this specific mission forms a part, is to contribute to the sustainable and equitable management of fisheries in ACP regions, thus leading to poverty alleviation and improving food security. The Mission s purpose was to provide Technical Assistance to NFA and provincial administrations to help improve the availability and reliability of data and information for the fisheries sector at provincial level, through the development of a suitable fisheries database template and identifying courses of action required to ensure regular updating of provincial fisheries databases, once developed. This Final Technical Report (FTR) has been produced in conformity with Section of the Mission ToR (given as Appendix A), and follows the format stipulated by ACP-Fish II. 1 The main result, as called for in the ToR, was to produce a draft provincial fisheries database template, to be used as a model for all provinces. The mission will complete this template for the five provinces to be visited to serve as working examples by NFA when subsequently developing profiles for other provinces. This would then initiate the establishment of the national database containing fisheries information and data (second bullet under section 2.3). The reference to a draft fisheries data and information policy (third bullet under 2.3) means the production of detailed guidelines on how to use and complete the database template produced. The stated purpose of the FTR is to provide a description of achievements, problems encountered, recommendations and technical proposals suggested by the consultant, including the reviewed and updated Interim Technical Report document. 2 APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT The work schedule adopted is appended as Appendix B, and a list of stakeholders met by the team is given as Appendix C. The approach finally adopted closely mirrors that proposed in the Inception Report (Appendix F), as summarised in Table 1 below: 1 Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 2

7 Table 1: Summary of Approach Stage Phase I 1: Inception 2: Field Work 3: Assessment and Information Analysis Phase II 4: Workshop Preparation and Facilitation Key activities Team mobilisation and arrival of team in Port Moresby on 23 Nov Initial briefing and planning meeting at NFA offices on Monday 26 Nov 2012, including participation of Mr Augustine Mobiha, Regional Manager for the Pacific-ACP FISH II and key managerial and technical NFA personnel. Agreement on stakeholder identification and work-schedule. Document review and production of questionnaire for the guidance of the semi-structured stakeholder interviews Nov The questionnaire was sent out to Provinces that were not visited by the Mission, to obtain feed-back on the status of provincial fisheries monitoring systems in those provinces. Production of Inception Report. Travel to NFA selected 5 provinces between 29 Nov - 12 Dec 2012 (East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay, Central). A total of 53 stakeholders interviewed (Appendix C). Contact with stakeholders in non-visited provinces via phone and e- mail. Contact with other stakeholder in Port Moresby and regional organisations (FFA, SPC). Analysis of collected information and data informed the process leading to the development of the model provincial fisheries profile template, plus worked examples for the five visited provinces, which was subsequently considered by national stakeholders in Stage 4 (below). Production of Aide Memoire Production and delivery of Interim Technical Report (ITR) Departure of Team on 13 Dec 2012 Return to PNG of Mission Team on 11 Jan Stakeholder Validation Workshop held on 17 and 18 January in Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby, attended by 25 stakeholders from 9 provinces and organisations (Appendix G). Stakeholder feed-back provided critical input for revision of theinterim Technical Report. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 3

8 Stage 5: FTR Preparation Key activities Production of workshop proceedings. Debriefing with NFA 23 Jan Departure of team from PNG 24 Jan Production of draft Final Technical Report (DFTR), submitted to ACP Fish-II (and NFA) on January 25 th (submission deadline was set at 01 Feb 2013). Receipt of comments received on DFTR. Revision of DFTR and submission of Final Technical Report (FTR) submission deadline 15 Feb 2013 Production and submission of Final Report (FR) submission deadline 28 Feb Stakeholders in the 17 provincesnot visited by the Mission Team were consulted (through where possible) andkey personnel were requested to complete a purpose-designed survey questionnaire in order to provide specific qualitative and quantitative information relating to their specific provincial situation in regard to monitoring of the provincial fisheries sector. Only two provinces (Manus and Gulf) ed back the duly completed survey questionnaire (refer to relevant annex in the Inception Report, Appendix F). These questionnaires were also filled in by the Team during national consultations in the five provincesthat were visited, giving the Team a total return of 7 provinces. For the face-to-face interviews with stakeholders, a semi-structured interview technique was employed, guided by the questionnaire format. 3 COMMENTS ON THE TERMS OF REFERENCE The ToR were discussed at length during the initial start-up meeting on 26 th November 2012 and all key issues/areas of possible confusion clarified. The Mission proceeded successfully in accordance with the requirements of the ToR (refer work Schedule, AppendixB). Workshop participants were informed of administrative arrangements in the form of an Information Note, which proved to be sufficient to ensure that EU/ACP Fish-II financial and administrative provisions were met to a large degree.however, due to communication obstacles inherent in PNG, particularly by , NFA was unable to make contact with a number of provinces, resulting in failure to invite them to attend the workshop and also to complete the questionnaire. Late delivery of funds resulted in the loss of flights booked for participants from three provinces (Manus, New Ireland Province and Sundaun) who therefore did not attend the stakeholder workshop. Although funding allocated for the stakeholders workshop (as detailed in section 6.5 of the ToR) was adequate, the maximum allowed daily subsistence allowance permitted for provincial participants requiring overnight accommodation was agreed at 200 per night. However, due to the very high cost of accommodation and meals in Port Moresby, this level of DSA turned out to be insufficient to cover the cost of a room for each participant at the venue and still leave enough to cover incidental meals. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 4

9 Provincial participants were therefore required to share rooms in order to cut costs not an ideal situation for senior government personnel. The draft ITR was delivered to ACP Fish II Coordination Unit in accordance with the agreed deadline. However, the report was not then forwardedpromptly to NFA, resulting in stakeholders not being afforded the opportunity to evaluate the document until presented with hard copies on the evening of 16 th Jan 2013, i.e. immediately before the workshop was conducted. 4 ORGANISATION AND METHODOLOGY 4.1 DELIVERY OF THE TERMS OF REFERENCE Activities listed in Table 2 below follow same numbering as the Terms of Reference. Table 2: Key activities performed Key activities (according to ToR) 1 Briefing by the ACP Fish II Programme (Regional Facilitation Unit for the Pacific or CU) and the NFA. 2 Identify, collect and review relevant documentation (provincial databases, data collection systems in place, data policy documents, background information) on the fisheries sector and any other documentation related to activities which have a direct or indirect bearing on fisheries data. 3 Review recent provincial resources surveys done by the NFA, Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Union (EU) through the Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project (CFMDP) and other projects to collate and amalgamate the data into Provincial Fisheries Profile (New Ireland, Morobe and Milne Bay surveys). 4 Consult with the NFA, the Fishing Industry Association (FIA), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the EU and other major donors on the kind of variables that should be analysed and published in the profile. 5 Consult with the National Statistics Office for Statistics on Fisheries for PNG How delivered through the assignment Briefing meeting conducted at NFA Headquarters, Port Moresby, on 26 th November 2012, attended by RFU Manager and NFA senior staff. Key documentation supplied by NFA during the Mission. Other documentation received in soft copy during stakeholder meetings in the various provinces visited. Other sources of information included web-sites of development partner, regional organisations and the NFA website. The mission team consulted documentation produced by all major development partner interventions undertaken in PNG in recent years. Analysis of all relevant information took place upon returning from the field. Consultations with relevant development partners were conducted during the course of the field visits. A meeting with the Director of NSO was held on 21 January 2013, at which the aims of the project, the format of the template developed and suggestions for improving province-level fisheries monitoring systems was discussed. 6 Make visits in major fisheries Field visits were undertaken over a two-week Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 5

10 Key activities (according to ToR) provinces and fishing sites to be selected in consultation with the NFA and FIA. 7 Draft a provincial fisheries database template. 8 Draft a National Fisheries Data and Information Policy. 9 Organize a workshop to discuss the draft provincial fisheries database template and the draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy (one 2 day-workshop for 30 participants including 1 participant from each of the 19 provinces). 10 Taking account of the findings and recommendations of the workshop, finalise the draft national and provincial fisheries database templates and the draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy in close collaboration with NFA and provincial fisheries officers and relevant stakeholders. 11 Prepare and submit a Final Technical Report (FTR). How delivered through the assignment period, to five provinces selected by NFA with significant fisheries and aquaculturesectors. A total of 53 stakeholders were interviewed. Subsequent contact with several stakeholders continued through . Completed survey questionnaires were returned by only 2 of the 17 provinces not visited concerned (30% coverage). The Interim Technical Report is the main deliverable of the Mission. The structure of the document includes: Introduction; Approach and Methodology; Current situation regarding Provincial fisheries sector monitoring; Conclusions; and Recommendations. Annexes include a model format for an ideal provincial fisheries profile, include specific actions to develop each section as well as example provincial profiles completed (to the extent possible) for each of the provinces visited by the mission team. As clarified at the Inception Meeting held on 26 th November 2012, the intention of the reference to a draft fisheries data and information policy in the ToR (third bullet under Section 2.3) guidance on how to complete the template should be inherent in the design (as provided in the finalversion of the ITR). Stakeholder Validation Workshop conducted 17 and 18 January, 2013, at the Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby. This venue was ultimately chosen instead of the venue stated in the Inception Report due to a more competitive price received, and for easier logistical considerations. It was attended by 25 stakeholders, representing 9 provinces and interested organisations. The Interim Technical Report, attached as Appendix H, was revised following the workshop, taking due cognizance of the feed-back received. The report of the validation workshop is attached as Appendix G. The draft Final Technical Report was submitted to ACP Fish II (in accordance with the ToR), on Saturday 25 th Jan 2013, and copied to NFA. The deadline for submission of the Final Technical Report to the ACP Fish II as stated in the Inception Report, is 15 Feb 2013 allowing 21 days for provision and inclusion of comments on the draft. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 6

11 4.2 CONDUCT AND DETAILS OF THE ASSIGNMENT The Mission team arrived in Port Moresby on 23 rd (Team Leader) and 26 th (KE2) November 2012, and spent 4 days at NFA s office to plan and prepare the Mission. A formal Inception briefing meeting with NFA senior staff and ACP FISH II officers (Mr Augustine Mobiha, RFU Manager) was held on 26 th November. The objective of the Mission was clearly defined during the briefing, and formally recorded in the Inception Report (refer AppendixF). The team was then afforded a two week period for the field mission, to travel to 5 provinces selected by NFA with active provincial fisheries and aquaculture activities: East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay and Central (in chronological order). In general terms, country visits were limited to two full working days. TheMissionTeam attempted to meet with the provincial fisheries authority and planning authority and the private sector (fishermen s and boat owners associations, cooperatives and processors). In parallel to the field visits, a questionnaire was circulated to provinces that were not to be visited by the team, as far as connectivity allowed. The questionnaire, which is appended as an annex in both the Inception report and the Interim Technical report document, was designed to obtain information on current data availability and monitoring systems at provincial level. The same questionnaire was also filled in by the mission team during stakeholder consultations, although the visited provinces provided greateropportunity to cover more ground. By the end of the field mission, only two provinces (Manus and Gulf) had provided via a completed questionnaire. The model Provincial Fisheries Format (refer Annex 2 of Appendix H)has been designed to cover what the Team considers to be all relevant thematic areas of concern in fisheries and aquaculture management, and has the following format (level one headers): A. Objective B. Maps of provincial land and water areas C. Key provincial statistics D. Sectoral policy, planning, administration and management E. Marine capture fisheries (industrial, semi-industrial and artisanal) F. Inland capture fisheries G. Aquaculture H. Post-harvest I. Socio-economic value of fisheries and aquaculture J. Support industries K. Review and updating of the provincial fisheries profile L. Literature/information sources on the province s fisheries sector The target institution for the initial production and routine updating of the profile is the provincial fisheries administration. The cost for which (regular, institutionalisedmonitoring activities) should be incorporated into the regular annual work plan and budget of the authority. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 7

12 The provincial fisheries profile, as part of the Interim technical Report, was thoroughly discussed by25 national stakeholders at a Validation Workshop (refer Appendix G) held January 2013 in Port Moresby. Feedback from this meeting was duly considered and incorporated asdeemed appropriate by the mission team into the final Interim Technical Report. This draft Final Technical Report was provided to ACP Fish II and NFA on 25 February 2013, for further circulation to stakeholders, thus allowing 25 calendar days for stakeholders to provide further comments on the draft FTR. 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter summarises the detailed conclusions and recommendations that are provided in the revised ITR (as validated by the stakeholders workshop). 5.1 CONCLUSIONS There is general agreement at the provincial level that the concept of developing provincial fisheries resource profiles is sound. There is also unanimous acknowledgement that the basic data and other forms of information necessary to complete a profile that would be of practical value is currently not available, due to a virtual absence of monitoring of the sector at provincial level. Data collection at provincial level is currently undertaken mainlyby NFA staff for commercial (industrial-scale) fisheries, with an emphasis on fisheries that target highly commercialised species groups, e.g. offshore tuna and shrimp, near-shore beche-de-mer. The capacity of provincial fisheries administrations for routine data collection on small-scale (near-shore) marine capture fisheries, inland fisheries and aquaculture is low or non-existent. No province currently has in place monitoring systems for the routine collection of even basic production effort or utilisation data. Although provided for under national legislation, licensing of small-scale fishing and aquaculture activities is not implemented, which would form the basis of routine, regular monitoring of activities. A number of past development interventions have generated snap-shots of the provincial fisheries sector, and yielded useful information. Prominent examples include the ADB-funded Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project and the EU-funded Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). However, data collection functions established during the life-times of these projects have not been translated into institutionalised monitoring systems within the provincial administrations. NFA has provided significant inputs to provincial administrations under the terms of the various MoA between NFA and individual Provinces (Box 1 below). Provincial authorities have not, however, provided significant support to build capacity in provincial fisheries administrations. The relationship between NFA and Provinces through MoA s is constantly developing and improving relationships. The Mission finds that provincial fisheries sectors (including aquaculture) are of low priority in the provinces met to date. This low priority is at least partially due to the virtual absence of data collection and subsequent analysis on the relative socio-economic value of the sector in terms of food security, employment, business multipliers and development potential. This is particularly true in the case of aquaculture. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 8

13 Various provincial development plans are in existence, but are not supported by detailed analysis of quantitative data to support the results and activities proposed under such plans. Memoranda of Agreements (MoA) between the NFA and Provincial Governments relating to fisheries development and management are based on a set format. Reference is made to the responsibilities vested in the NFA by virtue of the Fisheries Management Act 1998 for the conservation, management, development and sustainable use of the Nation s fisheries. Reference is also made to the Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local Level Governments, whereby provincial governments are empowered to make laws on fishing and fisheries and renewable natural resources matters. The MoA provides a detailed framework for a collaborative approach to: Management by NFA and the province concerned for coastal, estuarine river and lake waters in the Province and consultative and collaborative processes to facilitate such management; Co-operation in the implementation and management of Public Investment Program (PIP) Projects either funded by NFA or other donor agencies in the Province; Procedures for licensing for fishing, processing and exporting operations; Administrative and management arrangements for computers and other office hardware; Funding arrangements for services provided on behalf of NFA by the Provincial Fisheries Officers for the continued monitoring and evaluation of the performance of the delegated functions by NFA; Arrangements for the effective utilisation and management of fishery assets, including fishery wharves and processing facilities, fish markets and other fishery facilities located in the Province; Procedures for identification and selection of officers for training as part of capacity building in collaboration with relevant donor agencies; Provincial responsibilities under the MoA. The approach, procedures and measures agreed between NFA and the Province concerned are presented in a number of schedules attached to the MoA. Box 1: Memoranda of Agreements between NFA and Provincial Authorities 5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS The primary recommendation is that the template developed for Provincial Fisheries Profiles be completed on a case-by-case basis for all provinces. The Mission however finds that in order for this to become a reality, a fundamental shift is needed to establish fisheries data collection as an institutional monitoring function in all provinces, requiring far greater inputs in terms of human, financial and material resources. In addition to providing adequate resources for provincial fisheries monitoring, the Mission Team recommends a number of linked development activities, to help build provincial capacity for monitoring inshore fisheries as a basis for improved management and development as follows: Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 9

14 o o o o Recommendation no. 1: National fisheries legal framework reviewed, to ensure updating and harmonisation between seminal legislation (i.e. Fisheries Management Act of 1998, Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments of 1998 and Cooperative Societies Act of 1982). Recommendation no. 2: System of support for the further development of national fishermen organisations strengthened. Recommendation No.3: Upgrade current fisheries statistics system to improve the timeliness, coverage and accuracy of catch and effort data collection, and commence collection of socio-economic data. Recommendation no.4: Establish a computerised fisheries management information system (FMIS) to facilitate comprehensive, accurate and real-time management of smallscale fisheries in provincial waters. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 10

15 Appendix A: Terms of Reference TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR Profiling of provincial fisheries resources in Papua New Guinea (PAC B8) 1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1.1 Beneficiary country The direct beneficiary country for the implementation of this contract is PAPUA NEW GUINEA (PNG) in the Pacific region. 1.2 Contracting Authority ACP FISH II Coordination Unit 36/21 Av. de Tervuren 5th Floor Brussels 1040, Belgium Tel.: +32 (0) Fax: +32 (0) Relevant country background Papua New Guinea is divided into four regions, which are not the primary administrative divisions but are quite significant in many aspects of government, commercial, sporting and other activities. The nation has 20 province-level divisions: eighteen provinces, the Autonomous Region of Bougainville and the National Capital District. Each province is divided into one or more districts, which in turn are divided into one or more Local Level Government areas. Papua New Guinea (PNG) comprises the Eastern half of the island of New Guinea, the largest tropical island, an archipelago consisting of an additional three large islands (New Britain, Bougainville and New Ireland) and a further 600 odd islands and atolls lying between approximately 2 degree North to 12 degrees South (Latitude) and 141 degrees West to 163 degree East (Longitude) of the Western Pacific Ocean. The country covers a total area of 462,243 sq. km and claimed an Exclusive Economic Zone of 2,437,480 sq. km making it one of the largest in the region. PNG share its borders with Australia, the Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia and Solomon Islands. The coastline and offshore archipelago s present a great diversity of coastal types and marine environment. The Gulf of Papua is characterized by large delta, mud flats and mangrove swamps while the north coast and high island coasts are typified by fringing coral reefs and narrow lagoons. Papua New Guinea is a constitutional monarchy. The Head of State is HM Queen Elizabeth II, represented in Papua New Guinea by a Governor-General. The Governor-General is elected directly by the Members of the National Parliament and performs mainly ceremonial functions. Papua New Guinea has three levels of government - national, provincial and local. The National Parliament is a 109-member unicameral legislature elected for five-year terms by universal suffrage. The Prime Minister is appointed and dismissed by the Governor-General on the proposal of Parliament. The Cabinet known as the National Executive Council or NEC is appointed by the Governor-General Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 11

16 on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. The Supreme Court, National Court, and District and village courts form the independent justice system. Members of Parliament are elected from 18 provinces, the Autonomous Region of Bougainville and the National Capital District. Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates. The regional electorates correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District members from these electorates also serve as the provincial Governors. Each province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. Provincial Governments have considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management (Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (Consolidated to No 29 of 1998)) and share in the revenue generated from fishery activities within the extended jurisdiction boundary of the individual provinces seaward into the territorial sea. Provinces do share in the benefits of commercial fisheries operating within the provinces waters with the national government through the NFA. PNG has a dual economy comprising a formal, corporate-based sector and a large informal sector where subsistence farming accounts for the bulk of economic activity. The formal sector provides a narrow employment base, consisting of workers engaged in mineral production, a relatively small manufacturing sector, public sector employees and service industries including finance, construction, transportation and utilities. The majority of the population is engaged in the informal sector. The major economic sectors in Papua New Guinea are: Agriculture and Livestock, Forestry, Mining and Petroleum, Tourism and Hospitality, Fisheries and Marine resources, Manufacturing, Retailing and Wholesaling, Building and Construction, Transport and Telecommunications, and Finance and Business Trade. PNG's major exports are gold, silver, copper, crude oil, logs and timber, coffee, palm oil, cocoa and copra. PNG has experienced a relatively even balance of trade over the last five years, with exports marginally more than imports. The waters around PNG are rich in marine life and are virtually untouched. The 200 mile exclusive economic zone is endowed with a large variety of fish, including migrating schools of tuna. Forest products are one of PNG's major exports but the timber resource of the country remains largely untapped. Boosted by strong commodity prices, PNG has maintained strong real GDP growth in recent years (annual growth rates averaging 6.35% between 2007 and 2010 which included a period of weak international growth in the wake of the global financial crisis). The PNG Central Bank has projected a growth rate of 9.5% in 2011 fuelled by strong consumption and investment in the natural resources sector. Papua New Guinea has a GDP of US$ 4.8 billion that result in per capita income of K1,050. The economy is mainly resources-based with the agriculture, minerals and energy sectors amounting for approximately 30 per cent each of national GDP and the mineral and energy sectors providing approximately 75 per cent of export earnings. The fisheries industry contributes approximately K100 million to the national GDP (1 per cent) and currently employs an estimated 10,000 people through direct employment and 15,000 through indirect employment. Therefore, although the economic value of fisheries in the GDP is small, the importance of the fisheries sector to the overall population and in particular to the subsistence level is significant. The Supreme Court, National Court, and local and village courts form the independent justice system. 1.4 Current state of affairs in the relevant sector The Fisheries Sector is experiencing a major restructuring and reorganization in its administration and management. It is the intention of the central Government to increase the participation of Papua New Guinean nationals in all aspects of the fisheries industry from production to processing, trade and marketing. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 12

17 Fisheries resources occurring in the waters under PNG s jurisdiction are substantial and varied with estuarine species such as barramundi, threadfin, mangrove crabs, mullets, catfishes, prawns and baitfish and inland species such as freshwater prawns, tilapia, freshwater catfish, rainbow trout, eels, freshwater rainbow fish species and other freshwater finfish species. The marine water systems from the shallow waters to the deep sea have an abundance of reef fish species including snappers, emperors, coral trout, groupers, coastal pelagic fish species such as trevallies, rainbow runners, mackerels, sharks and small tunas, offshore demersal species like the deep bottom snappers and groupers, and pelagic fish species like the trevallies, mackerels, sharks, tuna and billfish to name a few. The vast EEZ includes some of the most productive tuna fishing waters in the world. Distant waters fishing nations licensed to operate in PNG waters catch annually around 500,000 metric tonnes of tuna and the catch is mostly taken by purse seiner fishing vessels. With the objective to achieve effective fisheries management, the Fisheries Act 1998 and Fisheries Regulation 2000 lay down the general framework setting out the terms and conditions for the management, development and regulation of fishing, including fisheries management and development, access agreements, fishing licenses and prohibited fishing related activities. In accordance with the law of the sea, Papua New Guinea exercises sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting and conserving and managing the living natural resources within its 200-mile exclusive economic zone. The 1998 Fisheries Act accordingly places an obligation on Government to ensure the conservation and optimum utilization of those resources. There is scope for expansion of both offshore and coastal fisheries in PNG, as well as for the development of local markets through improved distribution and better utilization of by-catch (especially from tuna and prawn fishing) and value added processing. Other areas of possible development are aquarium fish, shells and game fishing in association with eco-tourism. Constraints to coastal fishery development relate primarily to the absence of a fish handling, distribution and marketing infrastructure. Costly and protracted experience has shown that the value and volume of production from fisheries are insufficient to cover the high cost of establishing and running such infrastructure. Future commercialization of coastal fisheries will depend largely on the development of shore-based facilities including local long-lining fishing bases, fish canning and loining plants to service the needs of the industrial tuna fishing, whose production levels can justify the high cost of such plants. The Government, in its desire to facilitate the development of the domestic fishing industry, has undertaken to finance the construction of a number of major infrastructure developments in the Maritime Provinces. These developments include the construction of the Kavieng and Manus designated long line wharves and processing plant. Assistance with incentives has also been given to the Lae and Madang mackerel and tuna canneries and the Wewak tuna loining factory. The National Fisheries Authority (NFA) of Papua New Guinea is responsible for effectively managing our fisheries and marine resources for sustainable and equitable benefits of all. This is supported by NFA s vision to pursue effective and sustainable fisheries management and development through the best practice in order to fulfil our national and global obligations. Based on this noble and achievable goal, NFA has progressed and achieved many milestones and established itself as one of the most reputable fisheries organization in the region. As a robust and evolving organization, NFA is now working to update and improve its domestic fisheries data and fisheries information in general at the provincial or sub national levels to fulfil the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) that NFA signed with provinces. Currently NFA has entered into arrangements (memorandum of Agreement (MOA)) with fourteen (14) Maritime Provinces and two (2) Highlands provinces in the country. These MOA provide for the delegation of certain fisheries-related functions to the provinces which operate autonomously in accordance with the Organic Law on Provincial and Local Level Governments. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 13

18 NFA is now working to update and improve its data and information at the provincial or sub-national levels. Currently, NFA does not have readily available updated fisheries data or information for each province in PNG to use for sustainable fisheries resource planning and management. Design and implementation of projects in the provinces is often hindered by the lack of adequate and appropriate data at the provincial or sub-national levels. Geographically and culturally, PNG provinces are very diverse. Each province has different fishery issues, development needs and aspirations. Therefore, making robust data and information available will help decision makers and donors involved in the fisheries sector make good investment decisions. NFA has implemented major provincial fisheries projects. Some of them have failed to achieve their intended outcomes and objectives primarily because Provinces didn t take ownership of projects initiated at the national level due to a lack of consultation and of understanding of provincial development needs, aspirations and issues. It is therefore critical that in the future provinces participate in the design and implementation of fisheries projects impacting fishing activities in their territories and waters. The experiences and lessons learnt from the implementation of the rural coastal fisheries development project (RCFDP) 2 highlighted issues of sustainability, reliability and credibility of provincial fisheries data, fisheries and other socio-economic issues at the provincial and sub-national levels. The proposed project is an attempt to address this problem and to provide up-to-date provincial fisheries data and information. These data and information will be maintained and updated and made available to investors, donors and relevant government authorities for sustainable fishery resources management in PNG. This project is very important to NFA and donors in terms of project identification, design and implementation in provinces. It is also very important to investors because all fisheries investments are made at the provincial level. 1.5 Related programmes and other donor activities Related programmes and other donor activities which contribute to similar or related ACP Fish II project activities include work or activities by the Japanese Trust Fund, OFCF, ACIAR, GEF, DEVFISH and others. Funding by the Japanese Trust Fund has gone into funding training workshops for Pacific ACP countries in developing island fisheries officers understanding in fish stock assessment. OFCF funding has gone into developing infrastructure in fisheries training institutions to better train fisheries officers while ACIAR funding has gone mainly into developing sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security in the region. DevFish, GEF along with others have similar objectives to the ACP Fish II program and will be consulted in this work to be undertaken in Papua New Guinea (PNG). In the conduct of this assignment, consultants are expected to work closely with the NFA and PNG fisheries associated stakeholders and relevant donors and donor funded programmes to gather relevant information and ensure coordination. 2 RCFDP EU funded rural coastal fisheries development project was implemented between 2005 and The purpose of the project was to increase family income through greater participation in sustainable commercial production and improved marketing of marine products. The project aim was to increase landing of finfish and under-exploited marine resources, increased earning by improved marketing and processing, and improved management of marine resources particularly benthic species by linking it to the private sector. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 14

19 2. OBJECTIVE, PURPOSE AND EXPECTED RESULTS 2.1 Overall objective The overall objective of the ACP Fish II Programme is to contribute to the sustainable and equitable management of fisheries in ACP regions, thus leading to poverty alleviation and improving food security in ACP States. 2.2 Purpose The purpose of this contract is to comprehensively review and update the PNG ProvincialFisheries Database systems and develop a data and information policy. 2.3 Results to be achieved by the Consultant The Consultant will achieve the following results as part of this assignment: a detailed provincial fisheries information database is compiled and established for selected provinces (where possible); a national database containing provincial fisheries information and data is established. a draft fisheries data and information policy is devised. 3. ASSUMPTIONS AND RISKS 3.1 Assumptions underlying project intervention The need for this intervention was clearly identified in the Regional Needs Assessment workshop with fisheries administrations and representatives of Regional Fisheries Bodies convened in Honiara, Solomon Islands in November The relevance of this activity was further confirmed by the PNG representative at the Regional Action Plan Validation Workshop in Lautoka, Fiji, in November 2010 and at the Monitoring Regional Workshop in Apia, Samoa, in April Since ACP FISH II is a demand-driven Programme, it is assumed that counterpart institutions (the National Fisheries Authority of PNG and all Provincial Fisheries Departments) will take all the necessary measures to ensure their fulfilment of obligations and responsibilities as set forth under this project. Failure to meet that requirement is likely to result in the project not achieving the desired results. 3.2 Risk Risks for the implementation of this contract are minimised, since the intervention was identified and endorsed in cooperation with the PNG National Fisheries Authority, the PNG government and PNG provincial fisheries associated stakeholders. The assumption is that the NFA, PNG government and other PNG fisheries associated stakeholders are well aware of the intervention and are prepared to allocate official hours to its implementation. The participatory planning approach adopted in the development of this intervention will continue through implementation to ensure that risks of overlap and lack of co-ordination with other initiatives of governments and RFBs will be minimised. Likewise, the chosen methodology is consistent with PNG s on-going approach. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 15

20 4. SCOPE OF THE WORK 4.1 General Project description This ACP Fish II project will contribute towards enhancing PNGs provinces ability to assist PNG in better fulfilling its obligations under regional fisheries policy instruments and in improving management of its fisheries. The project will cover most provinces with an interest in fisheries. This includes: a) the coastal provinces of: 1) Sundaun, 2) East Sepik, 3) Madang, 4) Morobe, 5) Northern, 6) Milne Bay, 7) Central, 8) Kerema, and 9) Western; and b) the island provinces of: 1) Manus, 2) New Ireland, 3) East New Britain, 4) West New Britain, and 5) the Autonomous Region of Bougainville; and c) some highlands provinces: 1) Eastern Highlands, 2) Western Highlands and 3) Southern Highlands. The project is expected to be implemented in two phases. In phase one, the experts will review and analyse all available information on existing provincial and national fisheries data and information policy instruments within PNG, including: 1) Provincial fisheries specific information (e.g. Biological data such as: a) stock levels by provinces for: i) fin fish (Coastal & Offshore), ii) sedentary resources, iii) lobsters, iv) prawns, v) sea cucumbers, and vi) sea weeds; and b) Amount of catch landed by provinces for all fisheries resources; 2) Physical data (land and Other Assets (NFA owned) including: staff houses, office buildings, warehouses, workshops, training facilities, boats and vehicles; and 3) Economic Investment Data relating tothe provinces economy as reflected by: the number of fishing companies, processing and export value, long line and export value, fresh fish and export value, Beche-de-mer (BDM) and export value, trochus and export value, shark fin and export value, number of people engaged in fishing activities, number of purse seiner port calls per year and transhipments; 4) Provincial Fisheries Administration Data such asprovincial fisheries structure, current staffing level, general qualifications of fisheries staff and number of authorized fishery officers; and 5) Database Administration and Management work such as type of database to be created, administration of database and training. This will be done through a desktop study and also through consultations by s, telephone calls and travels to the selected provinces and meeting with the national fisheries authority. The Fishing Industry Association (FIA), Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), EU and other major donors should also be consulted to determine what the kind of variables should be analysed and published in the profile. Regional fisheries bodies, in particular SPC and FFA, will also be consulted. Since SPC and FFA are actively involved in coastal and oceanic fisheries policy work respectively, the SPC coastal fisheries section and FFA officers responsible for policy instruments formulation should also be consulted. After collection and compilation of relevant information, the consultant is expected to develop a provincial database template and a draft fisheries data and information policy. This is to be done in close consultation with NFA and the provincial fisheries department. In phase two, once the provincial fisheries database template and the draft fisheries data and information policy will have been prepared, a 2-day workshop will be convened to discuss these drafted documents for finalisation. One participant from each of the provinces will be nominated by each provincial administration to attend this workshop Geographical area to be covered Without prejudice to the delimitation of maritime boundaries, the geographical area of this project extends to all PNG s provinces and its EEZ. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 16

21 4.1.3 Target groups The target groups for this project are the Provincial governments of PNG, the National Fisheries Authority and more particularly, administrations or agencies or bodies involved in collecting and using fisheries data and information. 4.2 Specific activities Specific activities The Consultant will undertake the following activities in two phases; The consultant will carry out the following tasks in 2 Phases: Phase 1 1. Briefing by the ACP Fish II Programme (Regional Facilitation Unit for the Pacific or CU) and the NFA; 2. Identify, collect and review relevant documentation (provincial databases, data collection systems in place, data policy documents, background information) on the fisheries sector and any other documentation related to activities which have a direct or indirect bearing on fisheries data; 3. Review recent provincial resources surveys done by the NFA, Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Union (EU) through the Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project (CFMDP) and other projects to collate and amalgamate the data into Provincial Fisheries Profile (New Ireland, Morobe and Milne Bay surveys); 4. Consult with the NFA, the Fishing Industry Association (FIA), the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the EU and other major donors on the kind of variables that should be analysed and published in the profile; 5. Consult with the National Statistics Office for Statistics on Fisheries for PNG; 6. Make visits in major fisheries provinces and fishing sites to be selected in consultation with the NFA and FIA; 7. Draft a provincial fisheries database template; 8. Draft a National Fisheries Data and Information Policy; Phase 2 9. Organize a workshop to discuss the draft provincial fisheries database template and the draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy (one 2 day-workshop for 30 participants including 1 participant from each of the 19 provinces); 10. Taking account of the findings and recommendations of the workshop, finalise the draft national and provincial fisheries database templates and the draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy in close collaboration with NFA and provincial fisheries officers and relevant stakeholders; 11. Prepare the Final Technical Report Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 17

22 The Consultant is in charge of all the logistical arrangements, including invite participants, arrange travel, book and pay for transportation for participants as necessary, pay per diems or expenses of participants, and venue costs). Subcontracting for workshop organization is allowed Communication and project visibility a) ACP FISH II projects should follow the EU requirements and guidelines for communication and visibility available on the Programme website at eu.org/index.php?page=templates&hl=en. The CU will provide ACP FISH II templates for various communication products. b) The Consultant will provide photographic records of the workshop activities Technical reporting The Consultant is required to prepare the following reports in English: i. An Inception Report (IR) no later than 10 days after the first Expert arrived in the place of posting for the first time. This report of a maximum of 10 pages in length will be submitted to the NFA, PNG provincial fisheries administrations, RFU and CU. Comments, if any, on the IR must be provided by the NFA, PNG provincial fisheries administrations, RFU and CU within 5 days from receipt. ii. iii. iv. An Intermediary Technical Report (ITR) no later than 14 days after the end of phase 1. This report should contain an assessment of existing PNG fisheries data and information systems both at the national and provincial levels, a draft provincial fisheries database template and a draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy. This ITR will be submitted to the NFA, provincial fisheries administrations, RFU and CU. Comments on the ITR, if any, must be provided within 10 days from receipt. A draft FTR will be submitted 7 days after the Team Leader leaves the country on conclusion of the assignment. Comments on the draft FTR, if any, must be provided by the NFA, provincial fisheries administrations, RFU and CU within 14 days. The Final Technical Report (FTR), taking into account comments made on the draft FTR will be submitted no later than 10 days from receiving such comments. If no comments on the report are given within the time limit of 14 days, the draft FTR shall be deemed to have been approved. The formats of technical reports are available on the ACP FISH II web site at eu.org/index.php?page=templates&hl=en. 4.3 Project management Responsible body The Coordination Unit (CU) of the ACP Fish II Programme, based in Brussels, on behalf of the ACP Secretariat is responsible for managing the implementation of this assignment. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 18

23 4.3.2 Management structure The ACP Fish II Programme is implemented through the CU in Brussels and six Regional Facilitation Units (RFUs) across the ACP States. The RFU in Honiara, Solomon Islands covering ACP Member States in the Pacific will closely supervise the implementation of this intervention and equally monitor its execution pursuant to these Terms of Reference. For the purposes of this assignment, the ACP Fish II Programme Coordinator will act as the Project Manager. All contractual communications including requests for contract modifications or changes to the Terms of Reference during the execution period of the contract must be addressed with a formal request to the CU and copied to the RFU. Beneficiaries support for these changes is required Facilities to be provided by the Contracting Authority and/or other parties Not applicable 5. LOGISTICS AND TIMING 5.1 Location The normal place of posting for the key experts will be Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The activities will be carried out in Papua New Guinea. Field visits in the selected PNG provinces will be carried out according to the approved timeline and work plan presented by the Consultant. 5.2 Commencement date and period of implementation The intended commencement date of this assignment is 1 st February 2012 and the period of implementation of the contract will be 5 months from the date of signature of the contract. Please refer to Articles 4 and 5 of the Special Conditions for the actual commencement date and period of implementation. 6. REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Personnel Key experts All experts who have a crucial role in implementing this assignment are referred to as key experts. Their profiles are described as follows: Key expert 1: Team Leader Fisheries management specialist Qualifications and skills A post graduate university degree or equivalent in fisheries management, fisheries science, economy or a directly related field; The expert should have a high level of proficiency in spoken and written English; Proven team leading skills. General professional experience Minimum 10 years of experience in fisheries management with particular expertise in fisheries information systems; Proven report-writing and project management skills. Specific professional experience Experience in drafting fisheries information policy documents and in developing databases (minimum 3 assignments); Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 19

24 Related experience in the Pacific region is required and experience in PNG will be considered an advantage; Experience in carrying out consultancy assignments for the EU or other equivalent international development partners (minimum 3 assignments). The indicative number of missions outside the normal place of posting requiring overnights for this expert is 4. There will be in-country field visits outside the normal place of posting requiring overnights for this expert. Key expert 2: Fisheries Policy expert Qualifications and skills A university degree or equivalent in fisheries management, data management and information technology or a directly related field; The expert should have a high level of proficiency in spoken and written English. General professional experience Minimum 5 years of experience in fisheries management or governance with particular experience in fisheries information policy formulation; Proven report writing and communications skills. Specific professional experience Experience in developing and implementing fisheries data and information policy documents (minimum 2 assignments); Knowledge of fisheries information policy instruments in the Pacific is an advantage; Related experience in the Pacific region is required (minimum 2 years); Experience in carrying out consultancy assignments for the EU or other equivalent international development partners (minimum 3 assignments). The indicative number of missions outside the normal place of posting requiring overnights for this expert is 4. There will be missions outside the normal place of posting requiring overnights for this expert. No. Indicative number of working days by expert and task Indicative Task Key Expert 1 (Days) Key Expert 2 (Days) 1 Phase Briefing by ACP Fish II Collect, review and assess existing national and 6 5 provincial fisheries information policy instruments 1.3 Visits in provinces Prepare Inception Report (IR) Prepare a draft provincial fisheries database template and a draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy Prepare ITR Phase Prepare Stakeholders Workshop Workshop to discuss the draft provincial fisheries 3 3 Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 20

25 database and the draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy 2.3 FTR preparation 5 3 Total Additional information a) Key Experts are expected to spend at least 85% of the total indicative number of working days in PNG. b) Note that civil servants and other staff of the public administration of the beneficiary country cannot be recruited as experts, unless prior written approval has been obtained from the European Commission. c) The Consultant must complete a timesheet using the ACP Fish II template provided by the CU at the start of the implementation period. The Consultant is entitled to work a maximum of 6 days per week. Mobilisation and demobilisation days will not be considered as working days. Only in case of travel for mobilisation longer than 24 hours, the additional days spent for mobilisation will be considered as working days Other experts Not applicable Support staff and backstopping Backstopping costs are considered to be included in the fee rates of the experts. 6.2 Office accommodation Office accommodation of a reasonable standard and of approximately 10 square metres for each expert working on the assignment is to be provided by the NFA and Provincial fisheries departments. 6.3 Facilities to be provided by the Consultant The Consultant shall ensure that experts are adequately supported and equipped. In particular it shall ensure that there is sufficient administrative, secretarial and interpreting provision to enable experts to concentrate on their primary responsibilities. It must also transfer funds as necessary to support its activities under the assignment and to ensure that its employees are paid regularly and in a timely fashion. If the Consultant is a consortium, the arrangements should allow for the maximum flexibility in project implementation. Arrangements offering each consortium member a fixed percentage of the work to be undertaken under the contract should be avoided. 6.4 Equipment No equipment is to be purchased on behalf of the Contracting Authority or beneficiary country as part of this service contract or transferred to the Contracting Authority or beneficiary country at the end of the contract. Any equipment related to this contract which is to be acquired by the beneficiary country must be purchased by means of a separate supply tender procedure. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 21

26 6.5 Incidental expenditure The Provision for incidental expenditure covers the ancillary and exceptional eligible expenditure incurred under this contract. It cannot be used for costs which should be covered by the Consultant as part of its fee rates, as specified above. Its use is governed by the provisions in the General Conditions and the notes in Annex V of the contract. It covers: a) KEY EXPERTS Travel costs and daily subsistence allowances (per diem) for missions for Key Experts, outside the normal place of posting, to be undertaken as part of this contract. If applicable, indicate if the provision includes costs for environmental measures, for example CO2 offsetting. Travel costs for field visits for the Key Experts (car or boat rental, fuel and domestic flights). Any subsistence allowances to be paid for missions undertaken as part of this contract must not exceed the per diem rates published on the European Union (EU) website at: b) WORKSHOP/TRAINING/CONSULTATIONS ORGANISATION The cost of organisation of stakeholders consultative workshops, training and validation workshops including cost for venue, communication and media activities, transport (domestic travel or car or boat rental to/from), accommodation and meals for all participants requiring an overnight stay. For all participants not requiring an overnight stay, the cost for daily transport allowance and lunch will be paid on the basis of actual costs. All costs for accommodation and meals must not exceed the EU per diem rate for the country. The cost of venue (if needed) and lunch for consultations of less than one day with locallybased participants. c) OTHER The cost of producing communication items (for example banners) to be used during the workshop; The cost of producing up to three extra copies of the Final Technical Report, to be presented to the PNG National Fisheries Authority and the Provincial Fisheries Authorities, upon their formal request. The Provision for incidental expenditure for this contract is EUR 33,418. This amount must be included without modification in the Budget breakdown. 6.6 Expenditure verification The Provision for expenditure verification relates to the fees of the auditor who has been charged with the expenditure verification of this contract in order to proceed with the payment of further prefinancing instalments if any and/or interim payments if any. The Provision for expenditure verification for this contract is EUR 1,600. This amount must be included without modification in the Budget breakdown. 7. REPORTS 7.1 Reporting requirements Please refer to Article 26 of the General Conditions. There must be a final report, a final invoice and the financial report accompanied by an expenditure verification report at the end of the period of implementation of the tasks. The approved Final technical Report (FTR) must be annexed to the Final Report (FR). The FR must be submitted to the CU after receiving the approval of the FTR. Note that this final report is additional to any required in Section 4.2 of these Terms of Reference. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 22

27 The Final Report (FR) shall consist of a narrative section and a financial section. The financial section must contain details of the time inputs of the experts, of the incidental expenditure and of the provision for expenditure verification. To summarise, the Consultant shall provide the following reports (as required under sections and 7.1): Name of report Content Time of submission Inception Report (IR) Preliminary assessment of No later than 10 days after the existing situation and work plan first Expert arrived in the place of posting for the first time. Intermediary Report (ITR) Technical Draft Final Technical Report (DFTR) Final Technical Report (FTR) Assessment of national fisheries database and fisheries information policy instruments, a draft provincial fisheries database template and a draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy In addition to ITR, description of achievements, problems encountered, recommendations and technical proposals suggested by the consultant In addition to ITR, description of achievements, problems encountered, recommendations and technical proposals suggested by the consultant, taking into account changes and comments from the RFU, CU and the provincial fisheries administrations Final Report (FR) Short description of achievements including problems encountered and recommendations and suggestions; together with the Final Technical Report and a final invoice and the financial report accompanied by the expenditure verification report. No later than 14 days after the end of phase 1 Within 7 days after the experts leaving the country on conclusion of the assignment. Within 10 days after receiving comments on the Draft Final Technical Report (DFTR) After receiving the approval of the Final Technical Report (FTR). 7.2 Submission and approval of reports Two copies of the approved Final Technical Report must be submitted to the Project Manager identified in the contract (CU), two copies to the RFU and two copies to the FA. The Final Technical Report must be written in English. The Project Manager is responsible for approving this report. The cost of producing such material will be included in the fees. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 23

28 8. MONITORING AND EVALUATION 8.1 Definition of indicators The results to be achieved by the consultant are included in section 2.3 above. Progress to achieving these results will be measured through the following indicators: 1. Quality of consultants fielded and speed of mobilisation to the relevant provinces in PNG will indicate a positive start to the assignment; 2. Number of consultations carried out in the selected provinces; 3. Reported involvement of stakeholders in review of the selected Provincial database and the Draft fisheries data and information policy; 4. Level of attendance, participation, and issues discussed at the workshop; 5. Number and nature of comments received on the Draft Final Technical Report; 6. Approval of National Data and Information Policy and national and provincial database templates. 7. Respect of project milestone time schedule and reports time delivery. The Consultant may suggest additional monitoring tools for the contract duration. 8.2 Special requirements Not applicable. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 24

29 Appendix B: Work schedule Day Date Activity PHASE I Fri 23/11/2012 Paul Nichols arrives POM Meeting with Andrew Taunega & Philippe Cacaud Sat 24/11/2012 Meeting with Philippe Cacaud Sun 25/11/2012 Mon 26/11/2012 Steve Lindsay arrives POM Meeting with Exec Director, NFA Kick-off meeting - RFO + NFA Tue 27/11/2012 Meeting with NFA counterparts Meeting with candidate local admin support officer Wed 28/11/2012 Info collation, questionnaire preparation Thu 29/11/2012 Info collation, questionnaire preparation Travel to Wewak Fri 30/11/2012 Meeting with Provincial Planning office Meeting with Provincial Fisheries Office Meeting with South Seas Tuna Corporation Ltd Sat 01/12/2012 Document review, report planning Sun 02/12/2012 Document review Meeting with Bruno (Fishermen Association) Mon 03/12/2012 Travel to Madang Meeting with Madang Fisheries Cooperative Society Meeting with Madang Coastal Fisheries staff Meeting with Madang Province Enforcement personnel Meeting with Chief Fisheries Officer Tue 04/12/2012 Meeting in Provincial Planning Department (no show) Meeting with RD Tuna Canners Ltd and RD Fishing Ltd Wed 05/12/2012 Travel to Rabaul Report preparation Thu 06/12/2012 Meeting with Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association Meeting with Provincial Fisheries Adviser and staff Meeting with MSB (PNG) shell button factory Fri 07/12/2012 Travel to Alotau, Milne Bay Province Sat 08/12/2012 Meeting with LLG-operated fish market, Alotau Meeting with marine products trading company AsiaPac Ltd, Alotau Meeting with Provincial Fisheries Department, Alotau Sun 09/12/2012 Report writing Mon 10/12/2012 Meetings with NFA Meetings with Central Province Fisheries Dept. Meetings with Fishing Industry Authority Tue 11/12/2012 Work with NFA Report preparation Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 25

30 Day Date Activity Wed 12/12/2012 Report preparation De-brief with NFA staff Thu 13/12/2012 Mission Team departs POM PHASE II Fri 11/01/2013 Paul Nichols arrives POM Sat 12/01/2013 Workshop preparation Sun 13/01/2013 Mon 14/01/2013 Steve Lindsay arrives POM Workshop preparation Tue 15/01/2013 Workshop preparation Wed 16/01/2013 Workshop preparation Thu 17/01/2013 Conduct stakeholders workshop Fri 18/01/2013 Conduct stakeholders workshop Sat 19/01/2013 Workshop report preparation/dftr preparation Sun 20/01/2013 Mon 21/01/2013 Meeting with National Statistics Office, National Capital District, Port Moresby Workshop report preparation/dftr preparation Tue 22/01/2013 Workshop report preparation/dftr preparation Wed 23/01/2013 Debrief with NFA Managing Director, Mr Pokajam Workshop report preparation/dftr preparation Thu 24/01/2013 Mission Team departs POM Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 26

31 Appendix C: People met Name Title, Organisation Contact details ACP-Fish II Mr Philippe Cacaud Legal and MCS Expert, ACP Fish II Coordination Unit Mr Augustine Mobiha Manager, ACP FISH II Regional Facilitation Unit for the Pacific National Fisheries Authority Mr Andrew Taunega Project Manager Mr John Kansu Executive Manager Corporate Services Mr Paul Martin Trade and Investment Coordinator Mr Presley Kokwaiye Provincial Support Officer Mr Rodney Kirarock Trade and Investment Officer Mr Sibona Willie Finance Mr Sylvester Pokajam Managing Director, National Fisheries Authority Mr Vakuru Bola Statistician Ms Josephine Komboi Audit Certification Unit Ms Luanah Yamam Manager Sedentary Fisheries Ms Margaret Ame Executive Manager (ag.), Policy and Project Management Unit Mr Jacob Wani Executive Manager Aquaculture and Inland Fisheries or Mr Havini Vira Manager Fresh water Aquaculture Mr Jeff Kinch Principal, National Fisheries College East Sepik Province Mr Richard Kombo Caretaker Provincial Administrator (ESPA) Mr Willie Sangi Provincial Fisheries Advisor Mr Mike McCulley Managing Director, South Seas Tuna Mr Bruno Boamer Caretaker Acting Chairman, East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative Association Mr Yalom Emil Caretaker Acting Manager East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative Association Madang Province Ms Catherine Kila Chairperson, Madang Fisheries Cooperative Society Mr Charlie Yambut Operational Manager, Madang Fisheries Cooperative Society Mr Berom Anguru Director Fisheries and Marine Resources, Madang Provincial Fisheries Ms Agnes Kruter Coastal Fisheries Officer, Madang Provincial Fisheries Mr Greg Serar Enforcement Officer, Madang Provincial Fisheries Ms Genevieve Fernando Quality Assurance Managing. RD Tuna Canners Mr Rafael Lapitan Acting Manager-Cold Storage. RD Fishing PNG Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 27

32 Name Title, Organisation Contact details East New Britain Province Mr Moseley Babate Provincial Fisheries Advisor Mr Clement Kembu Provincial Fisheries Enforcement Official No Ms Dessie Iwokwok Provincial Fisheries Project Officer No Mr Evan Laen Manager Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (KFOA) Mr Luke Jack Chairman Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (KFOA No Mr Hiroshi Gujii JICA Volunteer Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association Mr Lim June Young Owner and Manager, MSB (PNG) Ltd (shell button factor) Milne Bay Province Mr Johnny Suranzie Acting Progamme Advisor. Aquaculture Coordinator, Milne Bay Provincial Government. Mr Richard Dawana Manager Huhu Local Level Government, Milne Bay Ms Lelebo Betuela Business Development Officer. Huhu Local Level Government, Milne Bay Mr Ian Dominic Manager - AsiaPac Ltd / Mr Chris Abel Managing Director Masurina LTD. PO Box 5 Alotau Chrisabel.masurina@kulamail.com.net Mr Charlie Abel Milne Bay MP for Planning and Development National Government Central Province Mr Ravu Iga Fisheries Advisor, Central Province Government Mr Wilfred Begah Project Coordinator Central Province Government Organisations programmes, projects Mr Joseph Aka National Statistician, National Statistical Office Jjaka2003@yahoo.com.au Mr Hugh Walton DEVFISH Manager, Forum Fisheries Agency, Solomon Islands hugh.walton@ffa.int Mr Jock Campbell Consultant, Integrated Marine Management (UK) J.Campbell-IMM@exerter.ac.uk Mr Martin Dihm Head of Delegation of the European Union, Port Moresby. Martin.dihm@eeas.europa.eu Mr Mike Batty Fisheries Coordinator, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, New Caledonia. MikeB@spc.int Mr Ronald Kuk Manager (Economics and Planning), Coastal and Inland Fisheries Development Agency (CIFDA). kuk.ronald@gmail.com Mr Kema Mailu Executive Officer, Fishing Industry Association, Port Moresby. Kema.mailu1@gmail.com Mr Simon Diffey Consultant, FishTec, UK. SD@Fishtech.eu.com Mr Thomas Viot Attaché, Economics and Trade. Thomas.viot@eeas.europa.eu Mr Uli Kleih Consultant, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK. Ulrich_kleih@greenwich.ac.uk Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 28

33 Appendix D: Documentation consulted ACIAR (2010). ADB (2009). ADB (2010). Agrisystem (2003). Allen, G. (2003). Allen, M., Kinch, J. and Werner, T. (2003). Alu, R. and Mee, C. (1979). Anderson, R. and Ahmed, H. (1993). Anguru, B (2012). The biology, socioeconomic and management of the barramundi fishery in PNG Western Province. ACIAR Impact Assessment Series p. Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Completion Report.30p. Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Validation Report. 12 p. Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme (Inception Report). 59p. Reef Fishes of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. p In: Allen, G., Kinch, J., McKenna, S. and Seeto, P. (eds.). A Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the Coral Reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea - Survey II (2000). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, No. 29. Washington, D.C.: Conservation International. A Basic Stock Assessment of the Coral Reef Resources of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Including a Study of Utilization at the Artisanal Level. p In: Allen, G., Kinch, J., McKenna, S. and Seeto, P. (eds.). A Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the Coral Reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea - Survey II (2000). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, No. 29. Washington, D.C.: Conservation International. Trip to Misima Island. Report prepared for Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The Shark Fisheries of the Maldives. Male: Republic of Maldives Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, and the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Fisheries Sector Brief for the incoming member of Parliament, Madang Province. Provincial Government Internal report. P7 Anon (1997). East New Britain Province: North Coast Marine Resources Survey. 70p. ANZDEC. (1995). Fisheries Management Project, Marine Fisheries Sector Plan and Provincial Fisheries Profiles, Appendix: Milne Bay Province Fisheries Profile. Report to the Asian Development Bank, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. AusAID (1993). Customary Marine Tenure, PNG Western Central Provinces. 51p. Barker, M. and Schluessel, V. (2005). Baule, L., Tatamasi, M., Evans, C. and Kare, B. (1996). Bell, I., Kwan, D., Pita, J. and Wangunu, N. (2004). Managing Global Shark Fisheries: Suggestions for Prioritizing Management Strategies. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 15(4): First Approximations of the Exploitation Rates for White banana prawn, Penaeus merguiensis, Black tiger prawn, P. monodon and Indian banana prawn, P. indicus in the Orangerie Bay Prawn Fishery. Research and Surveys Branch Technical Report, No. 13. Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Turtle Tagging and Monitoring in Milne Bay Province, December A Report prepared for the South Pacific Regional Environment Program, Apia, Samoa; the Department of Environment and Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 29

34 Benson, C (2012). Blanc, M. G. Carnie, and H. Walton. (2006). Castell, L. (1997). Chapman, L. and Fusimalohi, T. (1998). Chesher, R. (1980a). Chesher, R. (1980b). Central Provincial Government. (2010) Central Provincial Government. (2011a) Central Provincial Government. (2011b) Coates, D. (1996). Coates, D., Crane, P., Miller, D. and Theisen, D. (1984). Dalzell, P. and Preston, G. (1992). Davies, J., Dunne, R. and Brown, B. (1997). Dawana, R (2011). DEVADs (undated). Conservation, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; and Conservation International, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Shifting Accountability? Understanding the connections between National and Provincial fisheries in PNG. Marine Policy 36 (2012) Training Needs Assessment. Secretariat of the Pacific Community for the National Fisheries Authority. Population Studies of Juvenile Trochus niloticus on a Reef Flat on the North-eastern Queensland Coast, Australia. Marine Freshwater Research. 48: Report on Second Visit to Three Locations in Papua New Guinea: 23 January to 2 May Capture Section Unpublished Report, No. 19. A Report prepared for the South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. Stock Assessment: Commercial Invertebrates of Milne Bay Coral Reefs. Report prepared for the Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industries, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Stock Assessment: Lapi, Black lip and Gold lip Oysters near the Trobriand Islands. Report prepared for the Fisheries Division, Department of Primary Industry by the Marine Research Foundation, Port Douglas, Queensland, Australia. Central Province Three Year Coastal Fisheries Development Program ( ). P5. Central Province & Aquatic Resource Potential. Central Provincial Government publication. Central Province Corporate Plan Central Provincial Government publication. Review of the Present Status of, and Constraints to, Inland Fisheries Development: the Pacific Island counties. IPFC Working Party of Experts on Island Fisheries, RAPA, Bangkok. The Fish and Prawn Resource Survey of Milne Bay by FRV Melisa, June/July/August Fisheries Research Report, No. 11. Report prepared for the Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Deep Slope Fishery Resources of the South Pacific. A Summary and Analysis of the Drop-line Fishing Survey Data Generated by the Activities of the SPC Fisheries Programme between 1974 and Inshore Fisheries Research Project Technical Document, No. 2. Noumea: South Pacific Commission. Coral Bleaching and Elevated Sea-water Temperature in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Marine and Freshwater Research 48: Huhu local Level Government five year integrated development plan. Driving change for Huhu people. 70p. Integrated Fisheries Development Policy for Autonomous Region of Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 30

35 Diffey, S. (2005). East New Britain Government, (2011). East New Britain Provincial Administration (2003). East Sepik Provincial Administration (2009). East Sepik Provincial Government (2011). Bougainville. Bougainville Provincial Government. 26p. Market and Market Linkages Study. Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project, National Fisheries Authority, Government of Papua New Guinea, and the European Union. East New Britain Strategic Development Plan ENB Government. East New Britain Provincial Administration Fisheries Sector Corporate Plan Promoting Fisheries Development in East New Britain. 75p. Provincial Government Publication. Coastal and Inland Fisheries Development Plan, Divisions Strategic Plan p. Provincial Government Publication. East SepikIntegrated Development Plan p. Provincial Government Publication. Ellison, J. (1995). Systematics and Distributions of Pacific Island Mangroves. p In: Maragos, J., Peterson, M., Eldredge, L., Bardach, J. and Tekeuchi, H. (eds.). Marine and Coastal Biodiversity in the Tropical Island Pacific Region. Volume, No. 1. Honolulu: East West Centre. Evans, C. and Opnai, L. (1994). Evans, C. and Opnai, L. (1995). FAO. (2009). Results of a Management Investigation on the Number of Licences for the Gulf of Papua and Orangerie Bay Prawn Fisheries. Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Occasional Technical Report, No. 1. Report prepared for the Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Research and Management of the Commercial Prawn Fisheries of the Gulf of Papua and Orangerie Bay, Papua New Guinea. Science in New Guinea 21(2): Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics: Food balance sheets. In: FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics Rome, FAO. pp FAO (2010). National Fishery Sector Review, Papua New Guinea. 20p. Fenner, D. (2003). FFA. (2008). Gillett, R & I. Cartwright. (2010). Gillett, R. (2009a). Gillett, R. (2009b). Gillett, R. (2010). Corals of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. p In Allen, G., Kinch, J., McKenna, S. and Seeto, P. (eds.). A Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the Coral Reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea - Survey II (2000). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, No. 29. Washington, D.C.: Conservation International. The Value of WCPFC Tuna Fisheries. Unpublished report, Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara. The future of Pacific Island fisheries. (FFA & SPC). 46 p. The Contribution of Fisheries to the Economies of Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Pacific Studies Series, Asian Development Bank, Manila. Tuna Management Plans in Pacific Island Countries. Lessons Learned in Plan Formulation and Implementation. 45p. Fisheries Centres in the Pacific Islands: Lessons Learned. SPC Newsletter 133, 6p. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 31

36 Gillett, R. (2011). Gillett, R., Preston, G. & Walton, H. (2008). Gumoi, E., Kavanamur, D., Aloi, D. and Okole, H. (2004). Hanson, L., Allen, B., Bourke, M. and McCarthy, T. (2001). Hayes, G. and Lasia, M. (1999). Hide, R., Bourke, M., Allen, B., Betitis, T., Fritsch, D., Grau, R., Kurika, L., Lowes, E., Mitchell, D., Rangai, S., Sakiasi, M., Sem G. and Suma, B. (1994). Huhu LLG, (date unknown) Hunt, C (2001). Fisheries of the Pacific Islands Regional and national information. FAO. 290p. Development of Tuna Fisheries in the Pacific ACP Countries (DevFish): Mid-Term Review. Project Identification Number RPA/001/ p. Rapid rural appraisal of the Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). University of Papua New Guinea, 146p. Papua New Guinea Rural Development Handbook. Canberra: Australian National University. The Population of Milne Bay Province: An Overview of the Demographic Situation and its Implications for Development Planning. Paper prepared for the Workshop on Population Projections for Development Planning, 29 November 3 December, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Milne Bay Province: Text Summaries, Maps, Code Lists and Village Identification. Agricultural Systems of Papua New Guinea Working Paper, No. 6. Canberra: Australian National University. Huhu local Level Government five year integrated development plan. Driving change for Huhu people. 70p. The Capture of national and local sustainable benefits from Pacific Marine Resources. National research Institute, PNG. Paper to the UNTAD Workshop: Commodity-based Development in Pacific Island Countries, Sept Kailola, P (1995). Fisheries Resources Profiles: Papua New Guinea. Report no. 95/45, Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara, Solomon Islands. 445 p. Kailola, P. (2003). Kaly, U., (2005). Kinch, J. (1999). Kinch, J. (2001). Kinch, J. (2002a). Aquatic Resources Bibliography of Papua New Guinea. National Fisheries Authority and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 474p. Small scale fisheries related socio economic survey of New Ireland Province.145p. Economics and Environment in Island Melanesia: A General Overview of Resource Use and Livelihoods on Brooker Island in the Calvados Chain of the Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. A Report prepared for Conservation International, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Social Evaluation Study for the Milne Bay Community-Based Coastal and Marine Conservation Program. A report to the United Nations Development Program (PNG/99/G41), Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. An Overview of the Beche-de-mer Fishery in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. SPC Beche-de-mer Bulletin 17:2 16. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 32

37 Kinch, J. (2002b). Kinch, J. (2002c). Kinch, J. (2002d). Kinch, J. (2003a). Kinch, J. (2003b). Kinch, J. (2004a). Kinch, J. (2004b). Kinch, J., Bagita, J. and Bate, M Kumoru, L. (2008) Community Resource Profiles: Trobriand Islands. Updated December 10, MBP CMCP. The Development of a Monitoring Program for the Management and Sustainable Use of Sea Turtle Resources in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Proposal prepared for the South Pacific Regional Environment Program, Apia, Western Samoa. Giant Clams: Their Status and Trade in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Traffic Bulletin 19(2): Marine Mollusc Use Among the Women of Brooker Island, Louisiade Archipelago, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. SPC Women in Fisheries Information Bulletin 13:5 14. Sea Turtle Resources in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea: Results of a Nesting Survey (21-27/01/03) at Panayayapona and Panadaludalu Islands (Jomard Islands), with Additional Notes. A Report prepared for the South Pacific Regional Environment Program, Apia, Samoa; the Department of Environment and Conservation, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; and Environment Australia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. A Review of the Beche-de-mer Fishery and its Management in Papua New Guinea. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The Status of the Deep-water Snapper (Pisces: Lutjanidae) Resource in Papua New Guinea with an Assessment of its Potential for Development. A Report prepared for the European Union s Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Program, Madang, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Exploring the Potential for Seaweed Farming in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. SPC Fisheries Newsletter 104: Papua New Guinea. Working paper 23, Scientific Committee, Fourth Regular Session, August 2008, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Kwan, D. (1991). The Artisanal Sea Turtle Fishery in Daru, Papua New Guinea. p In: Lawrence, D. and Cansfield-Smith, T. (eds.). Sustainable Development for Traditional Inhabitants of the Torres Strait Region. Townsville, Australia: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Kwan, D. (1994). Ledua, E., Matoto, S., Lokani, P. and Pomat, L. (1996). Lindholm, R. (1978). Lindley, R., Philipson, P., Recommendations for the Management of the Artisanal Marine Turtle Fishery in Daru, Papua New Guinea. In James, R. (ed.). Proceedings of the Australian Marine Turtle Conservation Workshop, Sea World Nara Resort, Gold Coast, November, Canberra: The Australian Nature Conservation Agency. Giant Clams Resource Assessment in Milne Bay Province. Report prepared by the South Pacific Commission and the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Beche-de-mer Fishery. Report prepared for the Department of Primary Industry, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Building sustained competitive advantage in the Papua New Guinea domestic fishing industry. A review of the cost structures of the Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 33

38 and Preston, G., (2006). domestic tuna long-line and prawn fishing industries, with recommendations on strategic directions for future development. 55p. Lokani, P. and Ada, K. (1998). Lokani, P. and Kibikibi, E. (1998). Lokani, P., Matato, S. and Ledua, E. (1997). Luxton, D. (2002). Madang Provincial Government. (2010). Madang Provincial Government (2011). Madang Provincial Government (2012). McAlpine, J., Keig, G. and Falls, R. (1983). Miller, I., Sweatman, H., Baine, M., Chatterton, P., Chin, A., Fitzpatrick, B., Gomelyuk, V., Hill, J., Jenkins, A., Jones, G., Kinch, J., Marnane, M., Thorn, R., Malcolm, H. and Smith, L. (2004). Milne Bay (2006). Milne Bay Provincial Government. (1998). Milne Bay Provincial Government (2011). Moore, C. (2003). Mounsey, R. (1996). Mufuape K., Simon M. and Chiaka K., (2000). Milne Bay Province: Product Exports Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Live Reef Fish Trade in Papua New Guinea. Paper prepared for the Asia Pacific Workshop on Live Reef Fish Trade, August. Manila, Philippines. Beche-de-mer Resource Assessment in Milne Bay Province. Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Feasibility Study on the Development of Commercial Opportunities for Kappaphycus (Cottonii) Farming in Pacific Island Countries. Report prepared for the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Bangkok, Thailand. Madang Vision, Kalibobo Power point presentation. Provencal government publication. Five Year Fisheries Development Plan. Power Point. Provincial Government Presentation. Fisheries Sector Brief for the incoming member of Parliament Madang Province. 7p. Climate of Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Australian National University Press. Status of Coral Reefs In Australia and Papua New Guinea. p In: Wilkinson, C. (ed.). Status of Coral Reefs of the World: Townsville, Australia: Australian Institute of Marine Sciences. Milne Bay Provincial Development Policies Milne Bay Administration. Social Impact Study of the D Entreacasteaux Youth Marine Services (DYMS) Pty Ltd on Goodenough, Fergusson, Normanby Islands and the Amphletts. Information Paper prepared for Milne Bay Provincial Executive Council, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Milne Bay Integrated Provincial Development Plan p. Provincial Government Publication. New Guinea: Crossing Boundaries and History. Honolulu, Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. Consultancy Report on Coral Sea Fisheries. Report Prepared for Misima Mines, Pty Ltd, Misima, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Inland fish farming in PNG. Papua New Guinea Food and Nutrition 2000 Conference, June University of Technology. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 34

39 Munro, J. (1993). Musick, J., Burgess, G., Cailliet, G., Camhi, M. and Fordham, S. (2000). NFA, (1996). NFA, (2001). NFA, (2006a). NFA (2006b). NFA, (2007a). NFA (2007b). NFA (2007c). NFA (2007d). NFA (2008). NFA (2010a). NFA (2010b). NFA (2010c). NFA (2012a). NFA (2012b). NFA (undated). Ngu, A (2011). Giant Clams. p In: Wright, A. and Hill, L. (eds.). Near-shore Marine Resources of the South Pacific: Information's for Fisheries Development and Management. Honiara, Solomon Islands: Forum Fisheries Agency. Management of Sharks and their Relatives (Elasmobranchii). Fisheries 25(3):9 13. Milne Bay Province Giant Clam Fishery Management Plan. Draft Management Plan prepared for the Government of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. National Beche-de-mer Management Plan. PNG National Government: Port Moresby. Socio-economic Survey of Small-scale Fisheries in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. PNG National Fisheries Authority and the Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Final Report: Establishment of the Fisheries Investment Fund The Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project. 71p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. 44 p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. National Fisheries Authority and Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project, p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea: National Fisheries Authority and Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project, p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea.: National Fisheries Authority and Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project, p. The National Fisheries Authority Corporate Plan National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby. Provincial Fisheries Advisors Conference, Alotau, Milne Bay. Power Point Presentations. Draft Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and East Sepik Provincial Government. 26p. Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and ENGA Provincial Government. 27p. Review of NFA s Support to Provinces under the existing MOA: MOMASE Region. 15p. Coastal Fisheries Development Mini Symposium. Provincial Fisheries Profiles. Power Point Presentations. Torres Strait and Western Province Tropical Rock Lobster Fishery Management Plan. 9 p. A Report of Model Fisheries Cooperatives in PNG. Charting the Way Forward : A needs assessment (i.e. equipment, logistical, infrastructure Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 35

40 NRI (2010). National Statistics Office. (2000) Omeri, N. (1991). Paijmans, K. (1976). Petersen, E. (2002). Percival, M. and Womersley, S. (1975). Pitcher, C. (1993). PNG (2009). PNG (2010a). PNG (2010b). PNG (2004). PNG (undated). Polovina, J., Benco, R., Carlot, A., Gillaurren, E., Dalzell, P., Howard, N., Kobayashi, D., Latu, T., Lokani, P., Nath, G., Piliale, H., Sesewa, A., Shomura, R., Sua, T., Tiroba, G. and Tulua, S. (1990). and technical). 47p. Papua New Guinea District and Provincial Profiles. National Research Institute. 190p. National Population Census. National Statistics Office: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Fisheries and Marine Policy for Milne Bay Province. Report Prepared for the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. New Guinea Vegetation. Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press. Economic policy, institutions and fisheries development in the Pacific. Paper presented to the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, July 28-31, 2002, Long beach, California. Floristics and Ecology of the Mangrove Vegetation of Papua New Guinea. Botany Bulletin, No. 8. Lae: Department of Forests. Spiny Lobster. p In: Wright, A. and Hill, L. (eds.). Nearshore Marine Resources of the South Pacific: Information for Fisheries Development and Management. Honiara, Solomon Islands: Forum Fisheries Agency. Papua New Guinea Vision Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. PNG Development Strategic Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. PNG Medium Term Development Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. The Medium Term Development Strategy Our Plan for Economic and Social Advancement. 91p. Organic Law on Provincial Government and Local Level Government. 86p. Introduction and Summary of Methods and Results from the Tropical Stock Assessment Workshop. p In: Polovina, J. and Shomura, R. (eds.). Proceedings of the United States Agency for International Development and National Marine Fisheries Service Workshop on Tropical Fish Stock Assessment, 5 26 July 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SWFSC 148. Ponia, B. (2009). Aquaculture updates from Papua New Guinea (March 2009). Aquaculture Portal, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea. Available at: Prescott, J. (1986). The Fishery for Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas, in Daru with Notes on their Biology: A Preliminary Report. p In: Haines, A., Williams, G. and Coates, D. (eds.). Torres Strait Fisheries Seminar, Port Moresby, February, Canberra, Australia: Australian Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 36

41 Preston, G. (2001). Government Publishing Service. A Review of the PNG Fisheries Sector. Gillett, Preston and Associates for the Asian Development Bank. Rhodes, K. (2004). Spawning Aggregation Site Surveys and Management Recommendations for Goodenough, Nuakata and Iabam/Pahilele Island Communities, Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea. Report prepared for Conservation International, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Salih, A., Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and Cox, G. (1998). Skewes, T., Kinch, J., Polon, P., Dennis, D., Seeto, P., Taranto, T., Lokani, P., Wassenberg, T., Koutsoukos, A. and Sarke, J. (2002). Skewes, T., Kinch, J., Polon, P., Dennis, D., Seeto, P., Taranto, T., Lokani, P., Wassenberg, T., Koutsoukos, A, Sarke, J. (2003a). Skewes, T., Kinch, J., Polon, P., Dennis, D., Seeto, P., Taranto, T., Lokani, P., Wassenberg, T., Koutsoukos, A, Sarke, J. and Manson, F. (2003b). Smith, P. (2007). SPC (2008). Sullivan, M. (1991). Sundberg, P. and Richards, A. (1982). Sweatman, H., Osborne, K., Smith, L., Grubba, T., Kinch, J., Jones, G. and Rai, V. (2002). Bleaching Responses of Symbiotic Dinoflagellates in Corals: The Effects of Light and Elevated Temperature on their Morphology and Physiology. p: In: Greenwood, J. and Hall, N. (eds.) Proceedings of the Australian Coral Reef Society 75th Anniversary Conference, Heron Island October Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland. Research for the Sustainable Use of Beche-de-mer Resources in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. CSIRO Division of Marine Research Final Report. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Distribution and Abundance of Reef Resources in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea: Giant Clams and other Species. CSIRO Division of Marine Research Final Report, Cleveland Australia. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Distribution and Abundance of Reef Resources in the Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea: Analysis of Environmental Data. CSIRO Division of Marine Research Final Report, Cleveland Australia. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea; and the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Aquaculture in Papua New Guinea: status of freshwater fish farming. ACIAR Monograph No. 125, 124p. Status Report: Near-shore and Reef Fisheries and Aquaculture. Officials Forum Fisheries Committee, Sixty-Seventh Meeting, May 2008, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea. The Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Coastal Land Use in Papua New Guinea. p: In: Lawrence, D. and Canfield-Smith, T. (eds.) Proceedings: Torres Strait Baseline Study Conference. Townsville: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Deep-sea Bottom Hand-line Fishery in PNG: A Pilot Study. Papua New Guinea Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 33: Status of Coral Reefs of Australasia: Australia and Papua New Guinea. p In: Wilkinson, C. (ed.). Status of Coral Reefs of the World: Townsville, Australia: Australian Institute of Marine Sciences. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 37

42 Unua, W. (1992). Wangunu, N. (2005). Wells, F. and Kinch, J. (2003). Wells, S. (1997). Wijnstekers, W. (1995). Yen, R. (2006). Country Report: Papua New Guinea. p In: Nakamura, T. (ed.). Proceedings of a Seminar and Workshop on Integrated Research on Mangrove Ecosystems in Pacific Islands Region. Tokyo, Japan: Japan International Association for Mangroves. Nuakata, Iabam and Pahilele Island Spawning Aggregation Site Confirmation. Report prepared for Conservation International, Alotau, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Molluscs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. p In: Allen, G., Kinch, J., McKenna, S. and Seeto, P. (eds.). A Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the Coral Reefs of Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea - Survey II (2000). RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment, No. 29. Washington, D.C.: Conservation International. Giant Clams: Status, Trade and Mariculture, and the Role of CITES in Management. IUCN: the Gland. The Evolution of CITES: A Reference to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Geneva, Switzerland: CITES.. Preliminary Assessment of the Status of Dugong Population in Samarai, Milne Bay Province. Report prepared for Conservation International, Alotau, Papua New Guinea. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 38

43 Appendix E: Photographs taken during the mission East Sepik Province: Ice plant and wharf infrastructure provided by OFCF (photo: Paul Nichols) East Sepik Province: Multi use fish and agricultural goods market, provided by JICA (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 39

44 East Sepik Province: Fish landing site close to Fisheries Office (photo: Paul Nichols) East Sepik Province: Consultation with East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative Association (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 40

45 Madang Province: Pump boats at RD Tuna Fishing (PNG) base. (photo: Paul Nichols) Madang Province: Madang Fisheries Cooperative Societystaff and facilities (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 41

46 Madang Province:Fishing vessels at RD Tuna Fishing (PNG) base (photo: Paul Nichols) Madang Province: Madang Provincial Fisheries Office (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 42

47 East New Britain Province: Main office, Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (photo: Paul Nichols) East New Britain Province: Fish received from member fishermen, Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 43

48 East New Britain Province: Fish holding and sales facilities, Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (photo: Paul Nichols) East New Britain Province: Refrigerated fish marketing vehicle, Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 44

49 Milne Bay Province: Huhu LLG-controlled Local Fish Market (photo: Paul Nichols) Milne Bay Province: Huhu LLG-controlled Local Fish Market (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 45

50 Milne Bay Province: Legal-size trochus shells for export, AsiaPac Ltd (photo: Paul Nichols) Milne Bay Province: Chart of location sites for Fish Aggregation Devices (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 46

51 Stakeholders validation workshop, Jan 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby (photo: Steve Lindsay). Stakeholders validation workshop, Jan 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby. (photo: Paul Nichols) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 47

52 Stakeholders validation workshop, Jan 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby. (photo: Paul Nichols) Stakeholders validation workshop, Jan 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby. (photo: Steve Lindsay) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 48

53 in ACP Countries" Appendix F: Inception Report Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 49

54 in ACP Countries" INCEPTION REPORT Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea PROJECT REFERENCE: (PAC B8) Assignment by Paul NICHOLS & Steve LINDSAY NOVEMBER 2012 Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented i

55 in ACP Countries" TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 BACKGROUND COMMENTS ON THE TERMS OF REFERENCE APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT (METHODOLOGY) PROVINCES TO BE VISITED STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS & QUESTIONNAIRE ANALYSIS AND REPORT PREPARATION SET-UP AND MEMBERS OF TECHNICAL TEAM PROPOSED WORKPLAN RESULTS OF INTITIAL DOCUMENTATION REVIEW & CONSULTATIONS KEY ISSUES FINANCIAL STATEMENT COMMUNICATIONS & VISIBILITY RECOMMENDATIONS... 6 Annexes ANNEX 1: AGREED MINUTES OF INCEPTION MEETING, 26 NOV, ANNEX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE ANNEX 3: AGREED TENTATIVE WORK-PLAN ANNEX 4: STATUS OF DOCUMENTATION AVAILABILITY AS AT 1 ST DECEMBER ANNEX 5: INDICATIVE OUTLINE FOR DRAFT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE Tables TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF APPROACH... 3 TABLE 2: KEY ACTIVITIES PERFORMED... 5 TABLE 1: AGREED WORK-PLAN KEY DATES, ACTIVITIES AND MILESTONES... 4 TABLE 1: PROVINCE RESPONSES ON THE VALUE OF PRODUCING PROVINCIAL FISHERIES RESOURCE PROFILES... 5 Cover photo: Inception meeting at NFA Headquarters, 26 November 2012 (photo: Augustine Mobiha) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented ii

56 in ACP Countries" 1 BACKGROUND The Mission is being undertaken by AGRER, under contract to the ACP FISH II Coordination Unit, Brussels, for the provision of technical support to the National Fisheries Authority (NFA) of the Government of Papua New Guinea. The overall objective of the ACP FISH 2 Programme, of which this specific mission forms a part, is to contribute to the sustainable and equitable management of fisheries in ACP regions, thus leading to poverty alleviation and improving food security. The contract serves to assist NFA in the development of improved availability of up-to-date information and data relating provincial fisheries, suitable for investors, development partners, relevant Government authorities and others with interested in sustained development of the fisheries resources of PNG. The purpose of the Mission is to comprehensively review and update provincial fisheries database systems and develop a data and information policy. The results to be achieved through, as stated verbatim in the assignment s Terms of Reference (ToR), include: A detailed provincial fisheries information database is compiled and established for selected provinces (where possible); A national database containing provincial fisheries information and data is established; A draft fisheries data and information policy is devised. This Inception Report (IR) has been produced in conformity with Section 7 of the mission ToR. The stated purpose of the IR is to focus discussion on the main issues to be addressed by the mission, and to assist in planning the work schedule and meetings to be held. The structure of the IR follows the standard format set forth on ACP-II web-site 3 2 COMMENTS ON THE TERMS OF REFERENCE The Inception Meeting held at NFA offices on Monday 26 th Nov provided the opportunity for clarification regarding the ToR, work plan and reporting schedule. The agreed minutes of this Inception Meeting are provided in Annex 1. The meeting noted a discrepancy between Section 2.3 of the ToR, which lists three results that differ from the key outputs given as points 7 and 8 of section in the ToR. The intent of the wording of the ToR in these two sections was clarified by ACP-II and NFA to mean that the mission team is required to produce a draft provincial fisheries database template, which will be used as a model for all Provinces. The mission team will complete this template, to the extent possible given as far as time and availability of data allows, for the five provinces to be visited (first bullet, Section2.3 of the ToR). These will then serve as working examples for NFA to follow when subsequently developing profiles for other provinces. This would thus initiate the establishment of the national database containing fisheries information and data (second bullet, Section 2.3 of the ToR). The intention of the reference to a draft fisheries data and information policy (third bullet under Section 2.3) is that detailed guidelines on how to use and complete the database template should also be provided. 3 Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 1

57 in ACP Countries" Phase II of the mission primarily involves the holding of the stakeholders validation workshop. A local expert will be contracted by the mission team to help with workshop organisation, as allowed under the ToR. NFA submitted the contact details of an experienced events coordinator Ms Stacey Levakia-Wali, Associated Global Marketing, Port Moresby, who was subsequently contracted by the mission team. The Mission Team has advised ACP Fish-II that the provision of a DSA of 150 per day to workshop participants requiring an overnight stay (ToR Section 6.6, Incidental Expenses) is too low, given that this is expected to cover accommodation, meals, and transport, given the very high costs of these items in Port Moresby (and Papua New Guinea in general). The lowest available package rate for the workshop venue would not be sufficient for 30 participants to attend (as suggested in the ToR), as some would requiring up to 3 nights accommodation (depending on flights). It was agreed that workshop participants would not exceed 20 persons, and thus this DSA rate is just about sufficient. 3 APPROACH TO THE ASSIGNMENT (METHODOLOGY) The methodology adopted, as indicated in AGRER s original technical bid, involves logical stages that reflect the requirements of the ToR. In short, these are: Phase I Inception: Field work: Team mobilisation & arrival in Port Moresby. Initial briefing and planning meeting at NFA offices on Monday 26 Nov 2012, including participation of Mr Augustine Mobiha, Regional Manager for the Pacific-ACP FISH II and key managerial and technical NFA personnel. Agreement on stakeholder identification and work-schedule, production of Inception Report Travel to selected provinces, stakeholder interviews Contact with stakeholders in non-visited provinces, production of Intermediary Technical Report. Assessment and analysis: Production of Aide Memoire Production and delivery of Interim Technical Report (ITR) Phase II Presentation of findings: Return of Team to PNG Conduct of 2-day stakeholders validation workshop at NFA Headquarters to consider ITR Production of workshop proceedings Departure of team from PNG Production of draft Final Technical Report (DFTR) Revision of DFTR and submission of Final Technical Report (FTR) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 2

58 in ACP Countries" Production and submission of Final Report (FR) Field work will involve group and one-on-one meetings with key stakeholders in selected provinces to be visited by the mission team. 3.1 PROVINCES TO BE VISITED The five provinces to be visited have been pre-selected by NFA, as reconfirmed at the Inception Meeting, and include: 1. East Sepik Province 2. Madang Province 3. East New Britain Province 4. Milne Bay Province 5. Central Province The logic for selecting these particular provinces is that they represent a good cross-section of the various types of fisheries and levels of activity across PNG, and are served with air linkages that facilitate ease of access for the Mission Team, allowing maximum interaction with provincially-based stakeholders within the time available for the field mission. For those provinces that will not be visited 4 that have significant fisheries potential, remote consultations may be conducted though phone, , skype, where possible. The particular characteristics of these Provinces are also discernible through reference to existing information sources (e.g. surveys, project documentation) made available by NFA. The information and data obtained through field visits and third source references will provide the quantitative and qualitative feedback necessary to allow the mission to develop the provincial templates called for in the ToR. Stakeholders in key provinces where fisheries is of major importance will further be provided an opportunity to provide input, comments and feedback on the mission output at the Regional Stakeholders Validation Workshop, to be held in Port Moresby, during Phase II, tentatively set between the dates of January, STAKEHOLDER INTERVIEWS & QUESTIONNAIRE A semi-structured interview technique will be used to interact with stakeholders in-country. While a structured interview has a formalised, limited set of questions, the semi-structured interview is flexible and open, allowing new questions to be brought up during the interview as a result of feedback. This flexibility allows tailoring of questions to the interview context/situation. The Mission Team will use a questionnaire that has been designed by the Mission team to direct the stakeholder interviews (Annex 2), and will complete the questionnaire during the interviews. The questionnaire will also be sent via by NFA, under cover of a formal letter signed by the Managing Director, to provincial planning offices in all non-visited provinces. 4 These include the following 15 Provinces: 1. Chimbu (Simbu), 2. Eastern Highlands, 3.Enga, 4.Gulf, 5.Manus, 6.Morobe,7.Oro, 8.Bougainville (autonomous region), 9.Southern Highlands, 10. Western Province (Fly), 11. Western Highlands, 12.West New Britain, 13. West Sepik (Sundaun), 14. National Capital District, 15.Hela, 16.Jiwaka, 17.New Ireland Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 3

59 in ACP Countries" 3.3 ANALYSIS AND REPORT PREPARATION Analysis of collected information and data will inform the process leading to the production of the draft provincial fisheries database template and guidelines, and completion (to the extent possible) of example provincial profiles for the 5 visited provinces. Together, these will form the main input for the formulation of the Interim Final Technical Report (IFTR), for subsequent consideration during the stakeholder validation workshop in January Stakeholder feed-back and integration will be a crucial input for the subsequent production of the Final Technical Report. 4 SET-UP AND MEMBERS OF TECHNICAL TEAM AGRER s Technical Team comprises Mr Paul Nichols (KE1 & Team Leader), and Mr Steve Lindsay (KE2). The key officer assigned to support the Mission Team is Mr Andrew Taunega, Projects Management Unit, NFA Head Office, Port Moresby. 5 PROPOSED WORKPLAN Field work commenced with the Inception Meeting held at NFA offices on Monday 26 th November The work-plan for Phase I (and tentative work-plan for phase II) agreed at the inception meeting is provided in Annex 3. Key dates, activities and milestones (deadlines for deliverables) are summarised in the table below. Table 3: Agreed work-plan key dates, activities and milestones Date Activities Milestones Phase I 23/Nov/ /Nov/2012 Arrival of KE1/Team Leader Arrival of KE2 26/Nov/2012 Inception meeting with NFA Minutes circulated 26/11/ /Nov/2012 Document review, POM 29/11 02/12/2012 Wewak stakeholder consultations Submit IR 03/12/ /12/2012 Madang - stakeholder consultations 05-06/12/2012 Rabaul - stakeholder consultations 07-09/12/2012 Alotau - stakeholder consultations 10-12/12/2012 Port Moresby - stakeholder consultations Debrief with NFA - 12/12/2012 Submit Aide Memoire - 12/12/ /12/2012 Mission Team departs PNG Submit ITR 21/12/2012 Phase II 11/01/2013 KE1/Team Leader arrives Port Moresby 14/01/2013 KE 2 arrives Port Moresby 14-16/01/2013 Preparation for validation workshop 17-18/01/2013 Conduct stakeholder validation workshop 19-23/01/2012 Finalise ITR Draft workshop report Debrief with NFA 23/01/2012 Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 4

60 in ACP Countries" Date Activities Milestones 24/01/2012 Mission Team departs PNG Draft FTR preparation Submit draft FTR 01/02/2013 Submit FTR 15/02/2013 Submit FR 28/02/2013 Due care has been taken in the work-plan to respect all periods and deadlines proposed in the ToR for the mission, as amended/agreed to during the inception meeting. The travel plan allows the Mission Team to cover the provinces efficiently travel route that minimises travel time. The selected provinces will be visited by both of the experts and the designated NFA officer(s) working as a team. In some cases, the Mission Team may hold separate meetings, to maximise the numbers of stakeholders met. NFA has issued an official note to the appropriate authorities in the provinces to be visited in order to introduce the mission, the tentative dates, the names of the team members, and indicating the provincial stakeholders the experts would like to meet. The stakeholder validation workshop in Port Moresby is planned for the January, The agreed venue is Loloata Resort, Port Moresby. It is of utmost importance for the feedback process at the workshop that the stakeholders come to the meeting having read the documentation produced by the Team, and being in a position to contribute constructively to the validation exercise. 6 RESULTS OF INTITIAL DOCUMENTATION REVIEW & CONSULTATIONS Of crucial importance to the Mission Team is the availability of key documentation relating to management of the fisheries sector in Papua New Guinea. Documentation and data sources secured to date are given in Annex 4. The initial review of available documentation by the Mission Team indicates that: Highly variable scope and availability of data and information relating to provincial fisheries in PNG; Reliability/sustainability of monitoring (data collection) systems in the Provinces; Monitoring systems not well established; Poor compilation/ analysis of data and information; and Ownership and responsibility of data collection, analysis and reporting associated with artisanal and subsistence fisheries. 7 KEY ISSUES The initial briefing meeting held with NFA and ACP-Fish II personnel on 26 November afforded the opportunity to identify key issues. These included: Clarification on what is required in terms of key results; Access to all required data/information, preferably in soft copy; Identification and availability of key personnel for meetings; Logistical issues (flights); Clear identification of key focal contacts (within NFA and in the Provinces). Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 5

61 in ACP Countries" It is believed that all such issues have been addressed, with the NFA Task Manager (Mr Taunega) responsible for obtaining access to documentation, personnel and generally helping to smooth field operations. Few upsets are expected, in which case relevant parties will be notified with sufficient notice. The only significant problem expected is that of availability of key personnel and possible issues with flight availability due to the close proximity of Christmas holiday season. 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENT No funding shortfall is currently foreseen for the successful completion of the mission. The budget originally allocated is sufficient at this point in time, and no increase is currently required, nor envisaged, but only if the number of participants from outside Port Moresby to be invited to the validation workshop does not exceed 12 persons (see comment under Section 2 above). 9 COMMUNICATIONS & VISIBILITY The objective of the Mission is already well known to key stakeholders in PNG, who were involved in identifying the need for the mission in a Regional Needs Assessment workshop with fisheries administrations and representatives of Regional Fisheries Bodies convened in Honiara, Solomon Islands, in November The relevance of this activity was further confirmed by the PNG representative at the Regional Action Plan Validation Workshop in Lautoka, Fiji, in November 2010 and at the Monitoring Regional Workshop in Apia, Samoa, in April Since ACP Fish II is a demand-driven Programme, it is assumed that counterpart institutions (the National Fisheries Authority of PNG and all Provincial Fisheries Departments) will take all the necessary measures to ensure their fulfilment of obligations and responsibilities as set forth under this project. Failure to meet that requirement is likely to result in the project not achieving the desired results. Communication of the Mission s findings, and particularly the deliberations of the stakeholders validation workshop will be made highly visible through the production and dissemination of a workshop information note, press release, posting of information on the NFA website, media coverage and production of artefacts (e.g. workshop notebooks, computer memory sticks) with EU and ACP Fish-II logos clearly identified. 10 RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that approval be granted in principle to increase the DSA allowance for participants at the validation workshop, in case the cost of accommodation at the venue eventually chosen requires such an increase. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 6

62 in ACP Countries" Annex 1: Agreed Minutes of Inception Meeting, 26 Nov, 2012 In attendance: HELD 26 NOV 2012, AT NFA HEAD OFFICE, PORT MORESBY Ms Margaret Ame, Executive Manager (ag.), Policy and Project Management Unit. Mr Andrew Taunega, Project Manager. Mr Rodney Kirarock, Trade and Investment Officer. Mr Vakuru Bola, Statistician. Mr Paul Martin, Trade and Investment Coordinator. Ms Luanah Yamam, Manager Sedentary Fisheries. MrSibona Willie, Finance, Mr John Kasu, Executive Manager Corporate Services. Mr Presley Kokwaiye, Provincial Support Officer. Ms Josephine Komboi, Audit Certification Unit. Mr Augustine Mobiha, ACP II, RFU. Paul Nichols, Fisheries Management Specialist (Team leader), AGRER Consultants. Steve Lindsay, Fisheries Policy Specialist (Key Expert 2), AGRER Consultants. 1. Mission Terms of Reference Interpretation: Section2.3 of ToR lists 3 results, which differ from points 7 and 8 of section The intent of the wording of ToR in these two sections was clarified by ACP-II and NFA as follows: o The mission team should produce a draft provincial fisheries database template, to be used as a model for all provinces. The mission will complete this template for the five provinces to be visited to serve as working examples by NFA when subsequently developing profiles for other provinces. This would then initiate the establishment of the national database containing fisheries information and data (second bullet under section 2.3). o The reference to a draft fisheries data and information policy (third bullet under 2.3) means the production of detailed guidelines on how to use and complete the database template produced. Key local contacts/ operational control: Andrew Taunega, supported by Luanah Yamam (Manager Sedentary Fisheries) and Presley Kokwaiye (Provincial Support Officer ), who will accompany team into the field. Copy all e-correspondence to them. Availability of office space in NFA for mission team: desk space provided. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 7

63 in ACP Countries" 2. Mission work schedule Target provinces for provincial fisheries database development: East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay, and Central. Introductory letter to provinces: already issued by Mr Pokajam, with indicative work schedule. Andrew to follow-up before mission team leaves for the field, to ensure arrangements for meeting shave been made and stakeholders are available. Details for key contacts: Provincial administrations/fisheries departments, Fishing Industry Association (FIA), National Stats Office. Andrew to provide. Contact details for related programmes: (Japanese Trust Fund, OFCF, ACIAR, GEF, DEVFISH). Mission team to obtain through available documentation. Work schedule (as per tender): Accommodation has been booked by NFA. Flights also booked. It was noted that the flight from Rabaul to Milne Bay (on Fri 07 Dec) arrives at 16.00, and Team is due to fly out again at on Monday 10 th Dec. this is an error in scheduling not spotted previously rather than try and change all flights (which will be difficult, agreed to try and arrange meetings with provincial fisheries and key private sector stakeholders on Saturday 08 Dec). Interview guidance questions: Questionnaire to be developed by the mission team prior to departure for field trip. This should also be issued to those key provinces that will not be visited, to increase coverage on feed-back on the format to be used for the templates. NFA to develop official cover letter to accompany the letter, requesting provinces to fill in and return to the mission team. 3. Available documentation Andrew to provide electronic copies (as far as possible of key relevant documentation, including: 1. MoA between NFA and the Provinces re: domestic fisheries data and information 2. Documentation on existing Provincial databases & data collection systems 3. NFA recent provincial resource surveys 4. Existing policy documents relating to data/information collection/analysis/ dissemination 5. Background information on fisheries / aquaculture in PNG 6. Any other documentation on related activities with direct / indirect bearing on fisheries data 7. Contacts for / Documents generated by other related projects: o ADB (Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project - CFMDP), provincial resource surveys o EU Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Prog - RCFDP o OFCF (development of infrastructure for fisheries training institutions) o ACIAR (development of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security in the region) o GEF (similar aims as ACP Fish-II) o DevFish (similar aims as ACP Fish-II) o Japanese Trust Fund (e.g. training in stock assessment methodologies) o Provincial Fisheries Profile projects (New Ireland, Morobe and Milne Bay surveys); o Other technical reports Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 8

64 in ACP Countries" 4. Mission 2 - Stakeholder workshop Arrival/departure dates for mission team: tentatively set for 11 Jan arrive, depart 24 Jan, Workshop dates: set for 17 & 18 Jan, Venue: to be decided later, bearing in mind the budget that is set under Incidental Expenses in the ToR. Duration of workshop: Assume 2-days (this require 3 overnight stays for some participants). Number of participants: max 30 participants (as stipulated in ToR), but reduce to fit Incidental Expenses budget (NFA to identify names). Hiring of local technical expert by mission team (workshop organisation, travel logistics): NFA provided details of a contact used often and is known to be reliable: Mrs Stacey Wali Events Coordinator (phone: ; Meeting set for on 27 Nov at NFA offices to discuss her interest, availability and terms of employment and duties. ToR for local tech expert: mission to team to develop for the hired national consultant. Invitation of participants: NFA to decide on appropriate persons. Invitation letter to be issued by NFA to provincial administrations, naming the particular person required to attend. Workshop Agenda: Mission team to develop Workshop Information sheet: Mission team to develop. The specific requirements of the EU rules applying to EU funded workshops (e.g. in regard to return flight boarding passes, etc.) was noted. Working language: English (no translation needed) Workshop banner : several local companies are able to produce. Workshop documentation: will include hard copy of the Interim Technical Report and workshop presentations. These to be circulated as early as possible prior to the workshop. Publicity/Press release: Mission team to write suitable press release (following ACP Fish-II format). EU Delegation to be invited Mission Team to meet with and advise Delegation of the Mission (meeting arranged with Thomas Viot, Economic/trade officer) 5. Mission Team s Reporting obligations These are listed in the table on p14 of ToR. The structure of all reports will follow the format laid down by ACP-Fish2, available on the ACP Fish-II website. Tentative dates agreed for the various reports are as follows: Name of report Inception Report (IR) Content Preliminary assessment of existing situation and work plan. Time of submission No later than 10 days after the first Expert arrived in the place of posting for the first time (agreed deadline: 03 Dec 2012). Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 9

65 in ACP Countries" Name of report Intermediary Technical Report (ITR) Draft Final Technical Report (DFTR) Final Technical Report (FTR) Final (FR) Report Content Assessment of national fisheries database and fisheries information policy instruments, a draft provincial fisheries database template and a draft National Fisheries Data and Information Policy. In addition to ITR, description of achievements, problems encountered, recommendations and technical proposals suggested by the consultant. In addition to ITR, description of achievements, problems encountered, recommendations and technical proposals suggested by the consultant, taking into account changes and comments from the RFU, CU and the provincial fisheries administrations. Short description of achievements including problems encountered and recommendations and suggestions; together with the Final Technical Report and a final invoice and the financial report accompanied by the expenditure verification report. Time of submission No later than 14 days after the end of phase 1. (agreed deadline: 21 Dec 2012). Within 7 days after the experts leaving the country on conclusion of the assignment. (agreed deadline: 01 Feb 2013). Within 10 days after receiving comments on the Draft Final Technical Report (DFTR). (agreed deadline: 15 Feb 2013 allows 15 calendar days for comments on DFTR to be provided and incorporated). After receiving the approval of the Final Technical Report (FTR). (agreed deadline: 28 Feb 2013). In addition to above: Aide Memoire: for distribution to NFA and EU Delegation. Will be written by mission team prior to departure at end of Phase 1. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 10

66 in ACP Countries" Annex 2: Questionnaire National Fisheries Authority of Papua New Guinea Questionnaire for profiling Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea Introduction Please find herewith a questionnaire which seeks to obtain information to help NFA in support of a project aiming to profile provincial fisheries and aquaculture activities. The questionnaire seeks to gather provincial feedback on the availability of data and other types of information relating to fisheries and aquaculture at provincial, district and local level. The information you provide will contribute to a better understanding of the what data and information is available and how to improve monitoring of the sector. This file The questionnaire is subdivided into six worksheets. All worksheets have been formatted for printing on letter format. Filling the questionnaire The questionnaire should be filled electronically (on a PC), and saved upon completion, using a file name which includes the name of your Province. All questions should be attempted, unless it is indicated in brackets that the respondent should move forward to the following section. There is only one single open question (on sheet A), while all other questions are responded to with a tick mark. it is suggested to use "x" as the tick mark in the grey tick boxes provided. Only one tick should be provided per question. Some of the questions include words or concepts marked by an asterisk (*). This indicates that the word or concept is explained and defined with more detail in the list below. If you encounter any problems with interpretation of the questions, or filling of the questionnaire, please contact the team leader of the mission by under pvnichols@gmail.com and you shall receive feedback promptly. It is expected that a senior officer can fill the questionnaire single-handedly in about 30 minutes. Deadline The team is working on the data gathering and analysis part of the mission from 28/11/2012 until 22/12/2012. Therefore, the questionnaire data must be retrieved by the 15/12/2012, in order to leave the team with the necessary time to pool and analyse the information. All questionnaires received by that date, plus the provinces visited by the mission, will provide the basis for forming an idea of available information and data available on capture fisheries and aquaculture across Papua New Guinea. Questionnaires submitted late cannot be considered, given the tight deadlines the mission is operating Submission Please submit the electronically saved file containing the completed answers to the team leader, Mr Paul Nichols (pvnichols@gmail.com), copied to Mr Steve Lindsay (Steve@iasaustralia.com) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 11

67 in ACP Countries" Section A. Provincial maps (land and sea) & Provincial statistics Maps Are land maps available for the province showing physical infrastructure, location of fish landing sites, 1 aquaculture activities, major roads, etc.? Yes No 2 Are sea maps readily available, showing maritime borders, fishing grounds, protected areas, etc.? Yes No Statistics 3 Are population statistics available, by district/local level (by income type, e.g. fishers and their families)? Yes No 4 Are sociological data available (e.g. age structure, ethnic groupings, education, standards of living, incomes)? Yes No Geography 5 Is data available that shows areas of waters, lengths of coastlines, length/condition of road systems, etc.? Yes No Main industries Are the Province's main industries listed and well documented, including activities, production, employment 6 levels, etc.? Yes No Data availability/quality 7 In general, how would you rate the availability/quality of data required for the production of the profiles? Good Average Poor Non-existent Open question 8 Please provide your thoughts on what use a provincial fisheries profile would be to your department, in terms of planning, sector management, etc. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 12

68 in ACP Countries" Section B. Planning, Admin & Management Registration 1 Does provincial legislation exist that requires registration of fishing vessels? Yes No 2 Does provincial legislation exist that requires registration of fishermen? Yes No 3 Does provincial legislation exist that requires registration of aquaculture facilities? Yes No Local data collection 4 What types of fisheries monitoring system does the Province have? (tick all that apply): System in place for collection of capture landings statistics System in place for collection of capture effort statistics System in place for aquaculture statistics Tax, fees, subsidies 5 Which of the following are in place in the province? (tick all that apply): Local taxation in general and for fisheries sector in particular Fees/duties related to fisheries (inland and marine) Fisheries/aquaculture license system Safety inspections 6 Does the province undertake inspections regarding either of the following? Inspection of fishing vessels for safety reasons Safety for workers at culture facilities Sector management 7 Does the province have authority to set management measures? (tick all that apply): Fishing access rights Fishing licences Planning approvals (e.g. EIA, costal zone developments) Total Allowable Catches Quotas Closed seasons Closed areas Fish size limits Other management measures 8 Has the Province developed regulations that specifically relate to any of the following? Marine capture fisheries Inland capture fisheries Aquaculture Environmental impact Coastal zone development, land use 9 Does the Province have a dedicated Monitoring, Control and Surveillance unit? Yes No 10 How would judge enforcement of fisheries/aquaculture legislation in the Province? (tick one box) Very good Good Average Poor Very poor Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 13

69 in ACP Countries" How would you judge general compliance levels with provincial/national fisheries regulations (tick one 11 box)? Good Average Poor Non existent 12 How do you rate the number of Provincial fisheries staff and their technical competence? Severely constraining Constraining Adequate/sufficient 13 How do you rate the budget of the Provincial fisheries administration? Severely constraining Constraining Adequate/sufficient Does the fisheries administration maintain an up-to-date organogram, and details of staff (numbers, 14 qualifications, job descriptions)? Yes No Development 15 Does the Province operate any local initiatives aimed at the development of fisheries? Yes No Does the Province operate any schemes that support decommissioning of fishing vessels and other 16 fisheries investments? Yes No How would you rate Provincial/national efforts that support education/training of fishers, observers, 17 inspectors etc.? Very good Good Average Poor Non existent Inspection services 18 Does the Province undertake any of the following inspection services? (tick all that apply): Quality control of landings Post harvest regulation Inspection of processing plants Weather services 19 Does the Province provide a regular weather information service to fishers (for safety at sea)? Yes No Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 14

70 in ACP Countries" Section C. Marine Capture Fisheries Resource Base 1 Is recent stock level data available for all major exploited species? Yes No Fleets 2 Is data/information available on commercial fleets (boat numbers, gears, activities, etc.)? Yes No Is data/information available on subsistence/recreational activities (e.g. boat numbers, gears, 3 activities)? Yes No 4 Is data/information available on time series of catches, effort (CPUE etc.)? Yes No Fisher organisations 5 Is data/information available on fisher organisations (activities, membership numbers, etc.)? Yes No Infrastructure Is data/information available on landing site infrastructure (location, facilities available, activities, 6 throughput, etc.)? Yes No Commercial fisheries Is data/information available on commercial fishing/processing entities (location, facilities available, 7 activities, throughput, etc.)? Yes No Joint ventures 8 Are any commercial joint ventures based in your province? Yes No 9 If yes, does the Province keep detailed information on their structure and activities? Yes No Development potential 10 Has your province developed or analysed any of the following for inland fisheries? (tick all that apply): Fisheries development plans Assessment of problems and constraints Identification of development needs Assessment of under-utilised species offering development potential Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 15

71 in ACP Countries" Section D. Aquaculture Species and methods 1 Indicate whether the province collects data/information relating to the following (tick all that apply): Location and culture methods Species cultured Annual production in value and weight Time series of number of production units Time series of production (hatcheries, grow-out facilities) Infrastructure and support Non- 2 How would you rate each of the following types of support for aquaculture in the Province? Very good Good Average Poor existent Scientific/applied research Education and training Demonstration facilities Feed production Seed production Government support Extension services Producer organisations Financing, insurance Aquaculture permitting & Planning 3 Does your Province have responsibility for any of the following? Land allocations (process) Yes No Permits, environmental impact assessments Yes No Aquaculture planning and management Yes No Socio-economic contribution Is data & information obtained on the social and economic contribution made by aquaculture to the 4 Province?: Direct/indirect employment (numbers, by sex) Yes No Economic multipliers (business spin-offs) Yes No Future development prospects 5 Has the province undertaken any data analysis on any of the following? (tick any that apply): Aquaculture development plans Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats facing the sector Problems and constraints analysis Assessment of sectoral development needs Assessment of the potential of species for culture Risk assessment & risk mitigation Land availability for aquaculture, carrying capacity, zoning Competition (marine production, aquaculture production in other countries) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 16

72 in ACP Countries" Section E. Inland Capture Fisheries Resource Base 1 Is data/information available for all major exploited species? Yes No Fleets 2 Is data/information available on commercial fleets (boat numbers, gears, activities, etc.)? Yes No Is data/information available on subsistence/recreational activities (e.g. boat numbers, gears, 3 activities)? Yes No 4 Is data/information available on time series of catches, effort (CPUE etc.)? Yes No Fisher organisations 5 Is data/information available on fisher organisations (activities, membership numbers, etc.)? Yes No Infrastructure Is data/information available on landing site infrastructure (location, facilities available, activities, 6 throughput, etc.)? Yes No Commercial fisheries Is data/information available on commercial fishing/processing entities (location, facilities available, 7 activities, throughput, etc.)? Yes No Joint ventures 8 Are any commercial joint ventures based in your province? Yes No 9 If yes, is detailed information on their structure and activities available? Yes No Development potential 10 Has your province developed or analysed any of the follow for inland fisheries? (tick all that apply): Fisheries development plans Assessment of problems and constraints Identification of development needs Assessment of under-utilised species offering development potential Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 17

73 in ACP Countries" Annex 3: Agreed tentative work-plan Day Date Overnight Location PHASE I Activity Wed 21/11/2012 Transit UK to PN - dep LHR POM Thu 22/11/2012 Transit UK to via Singapore POM Fri 23/11/2012 POM PN - arr POM Meetings with Andrew Taunega, Augustine Mobiha & Philippe Cacaud Sat 24/11/2012 POM Meeting with Philippe Cacaud Sun 25/11/2012 POM Mon 26/11/2012 POM Meeting with Exec Director, NFA Inception meeting - RFO + NFA Tue 27/11/2012 POM Meeting with NFA counterparts Meeting with candidate local admin support officer Milestones Minutes of Incep meeting Wed 28/11/2012 POM Info collation, questionnaire preparation Thu 29/11/2012 Wewak Info collation, questionnaire preparation Travel to Wewak Fri 30/11/2012 Wewak Meeting with Provincial Planning office Meeting with Provincial Fisheries Office Meeting with South Seas Tuna Corporation Ltd Sat 01/12/2012 Wewak Document review, report planning Sun 02/12/2012 Wewak Mon 03/12/2012 Madang in-country travel/meetings Submission of Incep report Tue 04/12/2012 Madang in-country travel/meetings Wed 05/12/2012 Rabaul in-country travel/meetings Thu 06/12/2012 Rabaul in-country travel/meetings Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 18

74 in ACP Countries" Day Date Overnight Activity Location Fri 07/12/2012 Alotau in-country travel/meetings Milestones Sat 08/12/2012 Alotau in-country travel/meetings Sun 09/12/2012 Alotau Mon 10/12/2012 POM in-country travel/meetings Tue 11/12/2012 POM Meetings Wed 12/12/2012 POM Meetings Debrief with RFP/NFA, submission of Aide Memoire Thu 13/12/2012 Transit POM Dep POM to UK Fri 14/12/2012 Home base Arr LHR Sat 15/12/2012 Home base Sun 16/12/2012 Home base Mon 17/12/2012 Home base ITR prep Tues 18/12/2012 Home base ITR prep Wed 19/12/2012 Home base ITR prep Thu 20/12/2012 Fri 21/12/2012 SubmitITR PHASE II Wed 09/01/2013 Transit UK to POM PN dep LHR Thu 10/01/2013 Transit UK to via Singapore POM Fri 11/01/2013 POM PN arr POM Sat 12/01/2013 POM Workshop prep Sun 13/01/2013 POM Mon 14/01/2013 POM SL arr POM Workshop prep Tue 15/01/2013 POM Workshop prep Wed 16/01/2013 POM Workshop prep Thu 17/01/2013 POM Conduct stakeholders workshop Fri 18/01/2013 POM Conduct stakeholders workshop Sat 19/01/2013 POM WS report prep/ftr preparation Sun 20/01/2013 POM Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 19

75 in ACP Countries" Day Date Overnight Activity Milestones Location Mon 21/01/2013 POM WS report prep/ftr preparation Tue 22/01/2013 POM FTR preparation Wed 23/01/2013 POM FTR preparation Debrief with RFP/NFA Thu 24/01/2013 Transit POM to UK PN Dep POM Fri 25/01/2013 Home base PN arr LHR Sat 26/01/2013 Home base DFTR preparation Submit DFTR Thu 14/02/2013 Home base FTR preparation Submit FTR Thu 28/02/2013 Submit FR Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 20

76 in ACP Countries" Annex 4: Status of documentation availability as at 1 st December 2012 ACIAR (2010). The biology, socioeconomic and management of the barramundi fishery in PNG Western Province. ACIAR Impact Assessment Series p. ADB (2009). Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Completion Report.30p. ADB (2010). Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Validation Report. 12 p. Anon (1997). East New Britain Province: North Coast Marine Resources Survey. 70p. Agrisystem (2003). Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme (Inception Report). 59p. AusAID (1993). Customary Marine Tenure, PNG Western Central Provinces. 51p. Benson, C (2012). Shifting Accountability? Understanding the connections between National and Provincial fisheries in PNG. Marine Policy 36 (2012) Blanc, M. G. Carnie, and Training Needs Assessment. Secretariat of the Pacific Community for H. Walton. (2006). Coates, D. (1996). DEVADs (undated). Diffey, S. (2005). the National Fisheries Authority. Review of the Present Status of, and Constraints to, Inland Fisheries Development: the Pacific Island counties. IPFC Working Party of Experts on Island Fisheries, RAPA, Bangkok. Integrated Fisheries Development Policy for Autonomous Region of Bougainville. Bougainville Provincial Government. 26p. Market and Market Linkages Study. Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project, National Fisheries Authority, Government of Papua New Guinea, and the European Union. East Sepik Provincial East SepikIntegrated Development Plan p. Government. (2011). East Sepik Provincial Coastal and Inland Fisheries Development Plan, Divisions Strategic Administration. (2009). Plan p FAO. (2009). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics: Food balance sheets. In: FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics Rome, FAO. pp FAO (2010). National Fishery Sector Review, Papua New Guinea. 20p. FFA. (2008). The Value of WCPFC Tuna Fisheries. Unpublished report, Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara. Gillett, R & I. Cartwright. The future of Pacific Island fisheries. (FFA & SPC). 46 p. (2010). Gillett, R. (2009). The Contribution of Fisheries to the Economies of Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Pacific Studies Series, Asian Development Bank, Manila. Gillett, R. (2009). Gillett, R. (2010). Gillett, R. (2011). Gillett, R., Preston, G. & Walton, H. (2008). Tuna Management Plans in Pacific Island Countries. Lessons Learned in Plan Formulation and Implementation. 45p. Fisheries Centres in the Pacific Islands: Lessons Learned. SPC Newsletter 133, 6p. Fisheries of the Pacific Islands Regional and national information. FAO. 290p. Development of Tuna Fisheries in the Pacific ACP Countries (DevFish): Mid-Term Review. Project Identification Number Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 21

77 in ACP Countries" Gumoi, E., Kavanamur, D., Aloi, D. and Okole, H. (2004). Hunt, C (2001). RPA/001/ p. Rapid rural appraisal of the Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). University of Papua New Guinea, 146p. The Capture of national and local sustainable benefits from Pacific Marine Resources. National research Institute, PNG. Paper to the UNTAD Workshop: Commodity-based Development in Pacific Island Countries, Sept Kailola, P (1995). Fisheries Resources Profiles: Papua New Guinea. Report no. 95/45, Kailola, P Kaly, U., (2005). Kumoru, L Lindley, R., Philipson, P., and Preston, G. (2006). Mufuape K., Simon M. and Chiaka K. (2000). NFA (2006). NFA (2007). NFA (2007). NFA (2007). NFA (2008). NFA (undated). NFA (2010). NFA (2012). NFA (2012). NFA (2010). NFA (2010). Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara, Solomon Islands. 445 p. Aquatic Resources Bibliography of Papua New Guinea. National Fisheries Authority and the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. 474p. Small scale fisheries related socio economic survey of New Ireland Province.145p. Papua New Guinea. Working paper 23, Scientific Committee, Fourth Regular Session, August 2008, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Building sustained competitive advantage in the Papua New Guinea domestic fishing industry. A review of the cost structures of the domestic tuna long-line and prawn fishing industries, with recommendations on strategic directions for future development. 55p. Inland fish farming in PNG. Papua New Guinea Food and Nutrition 2000 Conference, June University of Technology. Final Report: Establishment of the Fisheries Investment Fund: The Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project. 71p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. National Fisheries Authority and Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project, p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea: National Fisheries Authority and Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project, p. A review of fisheries and marine resources in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea.: National Fisheries Authority and Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project, p. The National Fisheries Authority Corporate Plan National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby. Torres Strait and Western Province Tropical Rock Lobster Fishery Management Plan. 9 p. Provincial Fisheries Advisors Conference, Alotau, Milne Bay. Power Point Presentations. Review of NFA s Support to Provinces under the existing MOA: MOMASE Region. 15p. Coastal Fisheries Development Mini Symposium. Provincial Fisheries Profiles. Power Point Presentations. Draft Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and East Sepik Provincial Government. 26p. Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and ENGA Provincial Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 22

78 in ACP Countries" Ngu, A (2011). NRI (2010). Petersen, E. (2002). PNG Government (undated). PNG Government (2004). Government. 27p. A Report of Model Fisheries Cooperatives in PNG. Charting the Way Forward : A needs assessment (i.e. equipment, logistical, infrastructure and technical). 47p. Papua New Guinea District and Provincial Profiles. National Research Institute. 190p. Economic policy, institutions and fisheries development in the Pacific. Paper presented to the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American Agricultural Economics Association, July 28-31, 2002, Long beach, California. Organic Law on Provincial Government and Local Level Government. 86p. The Medium Term Development Strategy Our Plan for Economic and Social Advancement. 91p. Ponia, B. (2009). Aquaculture updates from Papua New Guinea (March 2009). Aquaculture Portal, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea. Available at: Preston, G. (2001). Smith, P. (2007). SPC (2008). A Review of the PNG Fisheries Sector. Gillett, Preston and Associates for the Asian Development Bank. Aquaculture in Papua New Guinea: status of freshwater fish farming. ACIAR Monograph No. 125, 124p. Status Report: Near-shore and Reef Fisheries and Aquaculture. Officials Forum Fisheries Committee, Sixty-Seventh Meeting, May 2008, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea. Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 23

79 in ACP Countries" Annex 5: Indicative outline for draft Provincial Fisheries Profile DRAFT STRUCTURE PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR PROFILE PAPUA NEW GUINEA A. OBJECTIVE Stated objective of the profile and its intended use, mechanisms for keeping it updated B. MAPS OF PROVINCIAL LAND AND WATER AREAS B.1. Land map Capital and Major cities Districts, with major city Major Rivers/lakes/inland waterways All major Ports All major fish resource landing places & major local fish markets (marine and inland) Larger fishing villages Major roads Location of major fish processing industries Location of other major industries of relevance to fishing sector B.2. Sea map Borders of national/provincial waters Depth contours, bottom types Naviagtion Traffic lanes Fishing grounds Distribution of fish species of major commercial interest. Fisheries regulation boxes (e.g. Areas closed for all fishing, trawling etc.) Marine Protected and Management Areas C. KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS Information sources (census, project activities) C.1. Population Total Population Population by District / Local Level Government areas (Table) Population of fishers and families by District / Local Level Government areas (Table) Population of fisheries support personnel by District / Local Level Government areas (Table) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 24

80 in ACP Countries" C.2. Sociological parameters Demographic data (age distribution, family size, sex ratio) Religion Ethnic groups Education (literacy levels, primary, secondary, tertiary education) Women s position in society Sanitary, housing and Health situation Fishers standard of living in general Income per capita Fishers alternative occupations C.3. Geography Area of waters (EEZ, territorial sea, inland waterways, lakes) List of districts (Table main characteristics re water resources) River/lake districts? Length of provincial coastline, total and by district (Table) Road system C.4. Main industries List of main industries by province (summary employment and value of production) C.5. Political system Structure of provincial, district, ward, local level governments, (with reference to clan family aspects) as well as councils, committees, decision makers in general Relationship between local and central administration. Sources of income to local administration Local legislation contra central legislation Representation of central administration C.6. Administrative structure Province/local level government Institutions Administration Key departments, authorities, statutory bodies D. SECTORAL PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT D.1. Structure of the fisheries administration Structure of provincial/ district/ Local Level Government fisheries administration (organogram, staff numbers and qualifications) Collaboration between central & provincial fisheries authorities (as set forth in MoA between NFA and the Province) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 25

81 in ACP Countries" Linkages between provincial government, wards and community governments D.2. Registration Registration of vessels at national, provincial and district level Registration of fishers at national, provincial and district level Registration of aquaculture facilities at national, provincial and district level Flagging of vessels (relationship between the fisheries administration and the shipping administration, procedure for flagging of fishing vessels) Chartering of fishing vessels D.3. Local data collection Fisheries monitoring system (data collection, coverage, data sources, who collects, institutional responsibilities/linkages, core functions of institutions regarding data, etc.) System in place for collection of capture landings statistics System in place for collection of capture effort statistics System in place for aquaculture statistics D.4. Tax, fees, duties and subsidies to fisheries Local taxation in general and for fisheries sector in particular (e.g. exemptions, preferential rates) Fees/duties related to fisheries (inland and marine) Fisheries/aquaculture license system Any tax exemptions? Export or for import of fisheries related equipment etc.etc. D.5. Safety Inspection of fishing vessels for safety reasons Safety at sea Safety for workers at culture facilities Provincial regulations? Or adopt national protocols? D.6. Sector Management Fisheries/aquaculture management (rights, licensing, planning approvals, technical measures, etc.) Acts and regulations (fisheries, aquaculture, environment, land use, etc.) Monitoring, Control & Surveillance Enforcement of fisheries/aquaculture legislation Compliance with legislation History of of violations and sanctions Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 26

82 in ACP Countries" D.7. Development Development of fisheries (national and local initiatives) Decommissioning of fishing vessels and other fisheries investments Education/training of fishers, observers, inspectors etc. Fisheries extension services (subsidies/support given to fisheries) Details of current & past development partner projects/programmes D.8. Inspection of wild caught & cultured fish products Quality control of landings including traceability of fish and and fish products (e,g, CDS). Post harvest regulation Inspection of processing plants EIA regulations and monitoring of commercial operations (e.g. tuna canneries, larger markets) D.9. Weather forecasts Meteorological information service (availability for fishers, safety at sea aspect) D.10. Physical assets Land owned/rented by Provincial fisheries administration & NFA Buildings owned/rented by Provincial fisheries administration & NFA Equipment owned/rented by Provincial fisheries administration & NFA D.11. Officers authorised under relevant Acts Authority and responsibility Legal power of authority Personnel Equipment (vessels etc.) Stations and sub-stations Number of inspectors Registrations Security Surveillance operations Communication and collaboration between compliance and control personnel E. MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES E.1. Overall structure List of fleets and number of units in each fleet Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 27

83 in ACP Countries" E.2. Resource base Stock levels (established fisheries) Under-exploited resources (offering development potential) E.3. Industrial fleets Fleet structure (Number of vessels by fleet). Specify for each fleet: o Type of construction (material of hull) o Primary gear and secondary gear(s) o Average dimension of vessels (length, depth, width) o Average engine power (HP) o Average crew size o Hold capacity o Means of preservation of catch o Ownership(s) o Navigation equipment o Fish finding equipment o Communication equipment o Fishing techniques (light attraction, bait, FAD etc.) o Group fishing (e.g. pair trawling) o Processing of catch on-board (e.g. Drying, cooking) o Description of fishing trips o Description of catching techniques o Description of landing procedure o Description of sale of landings o Description of discarding o Target species (groups) and by-catch species (groups) o Sharing of profits o Average income of fishers o Seasonality of fishing o Fishing grounds by season (migration of vessels) o Base port(s) by season o Investments in an average vessel of fleet o Credit schemes (for investments in fleet) o Routinely maintained records (notebooks, logbooks, sale-slips, accounting, etc.) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 28

84 in ACP Countries" E.4. Other fishing activities (recreational fishing, subsistence, fixed gears etc.) General description Numbers of active catching units (vessels, gear units) involved E.5. History of marine fisheries development Time series of number of vessels. Time series of production, effort and CPUE Historical assessments of fisheries sector and resources Other historical statistics of fisheries Details of current & past development partner projects/programmes main outcomes E.6. Fishers organisations Number of members (per cent of total) Legal status Activities of organisation Power relative to government and industry Fee for membership E.7. Landings infrastructure Names of landing places Landings by fleet and commercial groupings Roads to landing places (Table) Facilities at landing places Population in landings places Fish markets Transport system Storage of sea products Exports (volume, value, destination) Relative importance of fishery Distribution of marine products to the domestic market E.8. Fisher organisation (co-operatives, associations) Types of co-operative Number of vessels Number of fishers Activities Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 29

85 in ACP Countries" Members contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight E.9. Commercial fishing companies Names/ locations of fishing companies Ownership Number and types of Vessels Employment (land and sea based) Annual production in weight and value Relationship to processing sector E.10. Joint ventures Types of joint venture Number of vessels Number of fishers Activities Contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight E.11. Future development prospects Development plans SWOT Problems and constraints Development needs Under-utilised resources F. INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES F.1. Overall structure List of fleets and number of units in each fleet Summary description: Main species and production F.2. Resource base Stock levels (established fisheries) Under-exploited resources (offering development potential) F.3. Inland fleets Fleet structure (Number of vessels by fleet). Specify for each fleet: o Primary gear and secondary gear(s) o Average dimension of vessels (length, depth, width) Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 30

86 in ACP Countries" o Average engine power (HP) o Average crew size o Means of preservation of catch o Ownership(s) o Fishing techniques o Processing of catch on-board (e.g. Drying, cooking) o Description of fishing trips o Description of catching techniques o Description of landing procedure o Description of sale of landings o Description of discarding o Target species (groups) and by-catch species (groups) o Sharing of profits o Average income of fishers o Seasonality of fishing o Investments in an average vessel of fleet o Credit schemes (for investments in fleet) o Routinely maintained records (notebooks, logbooks, sale-slips, accounting, etc.) F.4. Other fishing activities (recreational fishing, subsistence, fixed gears etc.) General description Numbers of active catching units (vessels, gear units) involved F.5. History of inland fisheries development Time series of number of vessels Time series of production, effort and CPUE Historical assessments of fisheries sector and resources Other historical statistics of the fisheries F.6. Fishers organisations Number of members (per cent of total) Legal status Activities of organisation Power relative to government and industry Fee for membership F.7. Landings infrastructure Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 31

87 in ACP Countries" Names of landing places Landings by fleet and commercial groupings Roads to landing places (Table) Facilities at landing places Population in landings places Fish markets Transport system Storage of sea products Exports (volume, value, destination) Relative importance of fishery Distribution of marine products to the domestic market F.8. Fisher organisation (co-operatives, associations) Types of co-operative Number of vessels Number of fishers Activities Members contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight F.9. Commercial fishing companies Names/ locations of fishing companies Ownership Number and types of Vessels Employment Annual production in weight and value Relationship to processing sector F.10. Joint ventures Types of joint venture Number of vessels Number of fishers Activities Contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight F.11. Future development prospects Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 32

88 in ACP Countries" Development plans SWOT Problems and constraints Development needs Under-utilised resources G. AQUACULTURE G.1. Overall structure Location and culture methods Species cultured G.2. Annual production Annual production in value and weight and as percentage of compatible capture production G.3. History of aquaculture development Time series of number of production units Time series of production (hatcheries, grow-out facilities, ) G.4. Infrastructure and support Scientific/applied research Education and training Demonstration facilities Feed production Seed production Government support Extension services Producer organisations Financing, insurance Sanitary measures Transportation to processing plant/s, market or airport for export G.5. Aquaculture permitting & licensing Land, sea (sea bed and water column) and water allocations (process) Permits, environmental impact assessments Aquaculture planning and management including zoning G.6. Socio-economic contribution Direct/indirect employment (numbers, by sex) Economic multipliers Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 33

89 in ACP Countries" G.7. Future development prospects Development and Marketing plans SWOT Problems and constraints Development needs Potential species for culture Risk assessment and mitigation options Land and water availability for aquaculture/zoning Competition (marine production, other countries) H. PROCESSING SECTOR H.1. Processing plant capacity Production (quantity and quality) Employment Ownership Relationship to harvesting sector Relationship to merchants Import/Export traceability of fish and fish products (e.g CDS) Envrionmental and sanitary aspects I. SUPPORT INDUSTRIES I.1. Ship yards, boat building, repair facilities Types of facilities Annual production (building/repair) of fishing vessels (number of vessels and tonnage) Employment Ownership Small fishing vessel support facilities I.2. Repair shops Annual activities and employment I.3. Ice plants Annual production and employment Ownership of ice production facilities I.4. Gear manufacturing Annual production and employment Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 34

90 in ACP Countries" J. MERCHANTS STRUCTURE Relationship to fishers Hierarchy of merchants Merchant s ownership of vessels Type of sea products purchased Relationship to processing sector Involvement in export and/or sale on domestic market Access to finance, loans, preferential credit schemes for fishers and fish farmers K. LITERATURE / INFORMATION SOURCES ON THE FISHERIES SECTOR Web-sites Documentation produced by development partner programmes, projects, etc. National Statistics NFA publications Provincial government publications Relevant provincial government web-sites and other information sources Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 35

91 in ACP Countries" Appendix G: Proceedings of thenational Stakeholder Validation Workshop Project implemented by AGRER A project implemented 93

92 REPORT OF THE STAKEHOLDER VALIDATION WORKSHOP Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea PROJECT REFERENCE: PAC1.5 - B8 Assignment implemented by Paul NICHOLS & Steve LINDSAY Held on January 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby Project Funded by the European Union. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The content of this document does not necessarily reflect the views of the concerned governments.

93 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 WELCOME & OPENING REMARKS WORKSHOP OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES PRESENTATIONS OF THE INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT PROJECT BACKGROUND CURRENT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES MONITORING SYSTEMS/DATA AVAILABILITY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECAP ON PROPSED MODEL FORMAT CLOSING REMARKS... 6 Annexes ANNEX 1: OPENING ADDRESS... 7 ANNEX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS... 9 ANNEX 3: WORKSHOP AGENDA ANNEX 4: INFORMATION NOTE ANNEX 5: PRESS RELEASE ANNEX 6: WORKSHOP EVALUATION SHEET ANNEX 7: FEEDBACK RECEIVED FROM PARTICIPANTS i

94 1 WELCOME & OPENING REMARKS Welcoming remarks were delivered by Mr John Kasu, NFA Executive Manager Corporate Services on behave of NFA Managing Director Mr Sylvester Pokajam and staff of the National Fisheries Authority. His address is attached as Annex 1. 2 WORKSHOP OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES Mr Nichols briefly summarised the outline and objectives of the workshop and referred to the opening remarks of Mr Kasu. Each participant introduced themselves (names, positions, organisation and province/agency representing). Election of a chairperson was undertaken. Mr Nichols nominated Mr Andrew Taunega, seconded by Mr Lindsay and all participants acknowledged and accepted the nomination. The Chairperson called upon Ms Stacy Wali, who then briefed the participants on some basic housekeeping points, stressing the importance of all provincial participants to return their return boarding passes in the envelope provided during registration. 3 PRESENTATIONS OF THE INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT 3.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Presenter: Paul Nichols Mr Nichols presented a brief background to the Project. He detailed the approach and methodology adopted by the Mission Team (Chapters 1 and 2), and provided details of the structure of the Interim Technical Report (ITR). He stressed the need to keep the sessions as interactive as possible, and that participants should interrupt and ask if anything is unclear or incorrect rather than waiting till the end of the session. Discussion points Ms Welete Wararu clarified that there are now 21 MoA completed and signed between NFA and the provinces. This needs to be amended in the Interim Technical Report. Mr Weti Zozingao informed the consultant team that Morobe Province now has a Fishing Authority (Morobe Fisheries Management Authority - MFMA) and thus this authority has assumed the role of provincial fisheries management. 3.2 CURRENT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES MONITORING SYSTEMS/DATA AVAILABILITY Presenter: Steve Lindsay Two presentations were delivered by Mr Lindsay. The first presentation introduced sections on planning, administration and management. This presentation included sections and pages 3 8 of the ITR report. 1

95 Key Discussion points originating from the first presentation: Five Provinces visited and there was variation between all provinces associated with the fisheries however much of the information gathered and documented through the formal questionnaire was similar. Morobe Province highlighted that they had a Coastal Fisheries Development Project funded by GTZ in the late 1990 s that develop a very good data collection and storage system for inshore and small scale fisheries, much of which was collected through local markets. This information provided sound information on the fisheries of the Province. However once the project finished and funds and key staff were removed the project discontinued. The project was not institutionalised by the Province. The establishment of a Provincial profile system is a long-term initiative, not short-term. So many problems to overcome in terms of capacity, can t achieve such profiles in a few years, or in a project like this. Funds needed to support the long-term project. Delegates highlighted that the Provincial fisheries sector is not a priority for Provincial governments and is usually included as a part of agricultural sector. Health, Education etc. higher profiles for the Provincial government. Provincial resource profiles are a good idea and fully supported, if developed correctly can steer Provincial governments to understand the importance of fishing sector and allocate more importance and funds to help develop and management. The second presentation introduced the sections on capture fisheries (marine and inland) and aquaculture. This presentation included sections and pages 9 12 of the ITR report. Key Discussion points originating from the second presentation: Delegates felt that the consultancy and project has been worthwhile. It has set a way forward on this issue. Provinces have been struggling to ensure assistance is provided to develop and manage their fisheries, lots of development plans but these are not supported. Morobe Province is somewhat more advanced because of the newly established Fisheries Authority, which has allowed simpler procedures for financial processes and accounting. NFA highlighted problems associated with provincial capacity and poor accounting systems to receive and manage funds. For the first time since MoA's were put in place, NFA Board has allocated direct funds to each province (PGK2 million to coastal provinces, PGK500,000 to highland provinces) to help develop and manage small-scale and subsistence fisheries and aquaculture. Provincial Advisors need to develop plans to utilise these funds. Need to flag data monitoring systems at provincial level if they are to ever raise capacity of provincial fisheries management. Capacity development is a major issue for the provinces. The need for good data is imperative as a basis for long term sustainable development and effective management of provincial fisheries. The consultant team was congratulated for undertaking this work during the festive season, acknowledging that it is difficult to work in PNG at this time. This Workshop could lead to additional training programmes. 2

96 Several provinces indicated that they do not fully understand what data is needed and how to set up monitoring systems for their fisheries and therefore assistance to develop capacity is required. Workshop has provided sound information so the provincial delegates can return home and develop a data collection systemised that quantifies the resource base. Resource base knowledge is a real barrier to development. Access rights / lease of areas for aquaculture restrict the development of these activities and needs to be addressed. Leasing water/land and land access is a difficult area (many social issues) monitoring system is needed to underpin better management on access rights. Also, data collection and stock assessment planning is needed at provincial level and requires support and guidance from NFA. Not just the science, but how to apply data analysis into management applications is needed. NFA in the past has focused on commercial fisheries, as mandated, which includes inshore as well as offshore fisheries. NFA is now refocusing to incorporate small scale and substance fisheries. Possible revision of the fisheries legal framework (the fisheries and organic laws) is needed to address gaps/inconsistencies, and to clearly define roles, responsibilities and institutional linkages under the legislation. The ITR draft and final version is a useful tool for the provinces to plan to develop fisheries profiles, improve data collection and management of fisheries and aquaculture. Small-scale and subsistence fisheries management is devolved to Provinces, but very low priority currently placed by provincial administrations. MoA s provide the main functional link for MCS operations. Would be good to expand this linkage through a consultancy to assist the provinces, technical assistance is required. Licensing for commercial fisheries is managed by NFA, no licensing is in place at provincial level. This needs to be reviewed and localised systems considered (as provided for under the current laws). Implementation of a registration & licensing system for small-scale fishermen and their vessels, as well as for aquaculture facilities, would form the basis of an effective monitoring system, and could facilitate the regular collection of essential data relating to production, effort, costs/profitability etc., thus supporting management of such activities. This needs to be reflected in the recommendations. NFA and provinces agreed that additional discussion is needed to decide where and how support for improving data collection can be obtained. Need to consider the wider socio-economic aspects of coastal fisheries and its contribution to national as well as provincial GDP, as well as rural livelihoods and food security issues. 3.3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Presenter: Paul Nichols Mr Nichols then introduced the Report s conclusions and recommendations. His presentation firstly covered the Conclusions regarding stakeholder s perceived need for improved fisheries monitoring and the current status of monitoring systems at provincial level located in Section (page 12) of the ITR report. 3

97 Key Discussion points originating from the Conclusion presentation include: MoA should be revisited and discussions should be undertaken to consider the inclusion of some of the institutional issues highlighted in the consultant s team s presentations. Linkages between NFA and provinces are already in existence, however these linkages focus mostly on the industrial fisheries (on-board observers, tuna trans-shipments, commercial inshore fisheries management e.g. beche-de-mer, etc.). Integrated fisheries systems are either limited or non-existent for non-commercial fisheries. Appropriate actions are needed to address this fact. Provinces need ownership and NFA needs to assist and act as a partner. NFA is moving towards assisting the provinces to manage their inshore non-commercial (subsistence, artisanal) fisheries (data collection, co-management). However more dialogue is required between NFA and the provinces on this vital partnership. Increased co-management and linkages together between different stakeholder groups (provincial governments, LLGs, Wards) is needed to ensure the long-term sustainability (management and development) of the provincial fisheries. NFA staff will readdress the recommendations derived from this workshop and incorporate relevant activities into work plans as required, in order to address current gaps and increase the level of support to the provincial governments for monitoring non-commercial fisheries in support of their management and development. There is currently a lack of a coordinated approach to the development and management of subsistence and small-scale inshore and inland fisheries and aquaculture at the provincial level. NFA helps with applied research but the long-term development and management currently needs to be enhanced. NFA is looking into the harmonisation of regulations and laws regarding roles and responsibilities on the management and development of non-commercial fisheries. Delimitation of marine water boundaries: this will assist in the management of these resources and ownership within the provinces. Provincial jurisdiction at sea extends out to 12 nm (outer limit of the territorial sea), but in many cases this limit is not well clearly established. Mr Nichols then covered the Recommendations, section 5 (page 12), of the ITR report. Key Discussion points originating from the Recommendation presentation include: NFA has a fisheries data management system offshore commercial fisheries (SPC developed systems viz. VMS, VDS, TUFMAN). These systems can be amended and adopted to incorporate additional inshore and inland fisheries data to assist Provinces. Training and skills up grading will be required. The amendment of current commercialised fisheries data collection programmes housed and operated at NFA can be adapted to the subsistence/ artisanal fisheries. Provincial governments need to centralise any data base developed (main provincial database) and should consider current NFA database systems (mentioned above). The localisation of data and its management should be an institutional responsibility of each province. NFA as a partner can assist in areas such as database development, training and equipment procurement. 4

98 Empowerment at the provincial level for the development and management of provincial small-scale and subsistence fisheries must be acknowledged and developed over time. Opportunities exist through NFA and development partner agencies to assist with on the ground development, management, organisation, marketing etc. for fishermen and fisher cooperatives. Improved systems for the regulation of small-scale vessels in the provinces (e.g. licence, safety, log-sheets) could incorporate basic data collection to assist in developing and maintaining fisheries profiles and fisheries data collection programmes. Funds need to be acquired to allow a long-term approach to ensure capacity is built within NFA, Provinces and also fishers and their organisations. Small-scale fishers need to work to create viable, effective and dynamic cooperatives. Cooperatives can, if properly established and managed, provide a wide range of benefits, including a pivotal role in organising fisheries data collection as the basis for improved monitoring and subsequent fisheries management and development. MoA s are the main linkage between NFA and the province: these may require re-assessment and revision. However NFA clarified that much of the data monitoring issues discussed are already provided for in the MoA s and that it is more a question of these documents needing to be fully understood by all, and more effectively implemented. Cooperatives need to be fully supported and both NFA and Provincial delegates agreed on their importance to the provincial fishing communities, fisheries management and development. Provinces were very supportive of NFA initiatives. Further mentoring and capacity building study tours are needed and should be incorporated into any development project. Strengthening fisheries cooperatives (in regard to data collection, stock assessments, formation of regulations, etc.) and capacity development needs to be institutionalised at the Provincial level (possible LLG level as well). Guidelines, mandates, regulations and linkages with commercial fishers, wholesalers, retailers needs to be further developed i.e. a full valuechain approach is required. It was noted that for cooperatives to work, key managers with vision, integrity and drive are required, and supported to the maximum extent possible. Need to increase provincial government awareness of fisheries issues, requirements to elevate importance and hence stimulate assistance. It was suggested that all Provincial Profiles, once developed, should be published on the NFA website. 3.4 RECAP ON PROPSED MODEL FORMAT Presenter: Paul Nichols Mr Nichols summarised the presentations and discussions the previous day on the model format for a provincial fisheries profile, developed by the mission team. Discussion points Data highlighted in the Profile should include service industries, utilities (water, power), and access to finances, legal requirements, minimum wages, salaries etc., for the small scale and subsistence fisheries. Include these under the Support Industries. 5

99 4 CLOSING REMARKS Mr Nichols, Team Leader, thanked participants for two days of interesting debate. He summarised the major points emanating from the workshop as follows: The feed-back provided had been excellent, with lively interaction on all aspects of the ITR. The structure of the ITR and specifically the Provincial Fisheries Profile format is acceptable and serves the needs of the stakeholders. Suggested modifications have been noted and will be incorporated into the final draft. The five worked example profiles were considered accurate by the participants of the provinces concerned. The recommendations should be expanded to include (a) an examination of the key acts governing national/provincial management responsibilities for the fisheries sector with a view to harmonising current institutional relationships and responsibilities; (b) strengthening the current level of support provided to fisher organisations; (c) stressing the need to implement province-level registration & licensing systems for small-scale fishers, vessels and aquaculturists, as an essential first step towards improvement of provincial fisheries monitoring systems. He indicated that the next step is for the mission team to amend the draft ITR to bring it in line with the feed-back received during the workshop. The revised (final) ITR, together with a report of this workshop, will then be incorporated into a draft Final Technical Report (FTR) which will be submitted by AGRER to ACP Fish-II and NFA by 1 st February NFA will then circulate this draft FTR to participants, thus providing a further chance to comment. Any feed-back received will be considered and the FTR will then be submitted to ACP Fish-II and NFA by 15 February 2013, thus allowing 15 calendar days for comments on the draft FTR to be provided and incorporated. He highlighted the need for stakeholders to provide any further comments in a timely fashion, due to these agreed deadlines for report submission. He stressed that participants were free to specific comments to the consultants if they so wished (to the s that had been provided). Once finalised, the document will be considered by NFA for implementation. In response, Ms Welete Wararu, Executive Manager - Provincial Support & Industry Development NFA on behalf of NFA thanked the ACP Fish-II programme and consultant team for supporting and delivering the project. She stated that the project had been an eye opener and the information will help further define the roles and responsibilities of NFA and Provinces and their future relations. She said that it has been very useful for the work of NFA and the recommendations will be incorporated into future work plans.she clarified that data needs to be collected for subsistence and small-scale fisheries at the provincial level and these data will be incorporated into the NFA main data base which in time will lead to further sustainable management for the nation s resources. She thanked all provincial representatives and NFA staff and emphasised the importance of assistance to the fishers of the nation.she urged all participants to read the draft Final Technical Report, once it is circulated, and to keep in mind the comments made at this workshop. She mentioned that there is a need for additional workshops and exchange of information between NFA, the provinces and stakeholders to further develop the profiles and data collection. The implementation of the findings of this study and workshop recommendations is very important. In concluding, she extended her thanks to the EU Delegation, provincial representatives, industry representatives, consultant team and NFA staff. A prayer was spoken to close the workshop. The Chair then thanked all participants for responding to the invitation and wished them a safe journey back to their home provinces. 6

100 Annex 6: Opening address ACP Fish II Stakeholders Validation Workshop: Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea (PAC B8) Welcoming address Mr Thomas Viot, Representative of EU Delegation in PNG; Provincial Fisheries Program Advisors; Mr Paul Nichols & Mr Steve Lindsay, from AGRER; Officers from NFA; Ladies and Gentlemen. Good morning to you all and welcome to the ACP Fish II Stakeholders Validation Workshop on Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea First of all, on behalf of the Managing Director, may I take this opportunity to sincerely acknowledge the participation of provincial fisheries advisors to this workshop and secondly, I extend my sincere appreciation to ACP Fish II for providing funding to this project and their contributions to fisheries development in PNG. This project is an initiative of NFA in an attempt to help improve the availability and reliability of data and information for the fisheries sector at provincial level, through the development of a suitable fisheries database template and identifying courses of action required to ensure regular updating of provincial fisheries databases, once developed. The objective of the Workshop is to review and validate a draft Interim Technical Report produced by the contracted consultants. The specific aim of the Workshop is to provide stakeholders with the opportunity to provide feed-back to the Consultants on the Interim Technical Report they have produced, so that the final result reflects current national needs in regard to profiling of provincial fisheries resources. Papua New Guinea s National Fisheries Authority (NFA) has overarching responsibility for management of the nation s fisheries sector. In line with current Government policy to decentralise certain fisheries-related management responsibilities to Provincial authorities in accordance with the Organic Law on Provincial and Local Level Governments (1995), NFA has signed Memoranda of Agreement (MoA) with 14 Maritime Provinces and two highlands provinces. One consequence of this shared responsibility for fisheries management at provincial level is the need for comprehensive, reliable and up-to-date availability of data and related information on the fisheries sector at the provincial level. Lack of access to such data has hampered effective planning and 7

101 management of the sector, as well as hindering the design of sectoral development projects at provincial level. Since this project is a demand-driven project, it is assumed that counterpart institutions (the National Fisheries Authority and all Provincial Fisheries Offices) must take all the necessary measures to ensure their fulfilment of obligations and responsibilities as set forth under this project. Failure to meet that requirement is likely to result in the project not achieving the desired results. It is unfortunate that some provinces are able to make it to these workshop essentially due to the timing of the workshop but that does not stop us from having this validation workshop to shape up the findings in the Interim Technical Report and ensuring that the project meets our needs and demands in the sector especially in terms of provincial fisheries data and information. I challenge you all to have very interactive and meaningful discussions to shape up the outcomes of this workshop leading to the fulfilment of the objectives of the project. Your contributions and discussions must have relevance to the needs of your respective provinces and the challenges you face. It has to be consistent with the outcomes of these workshop and the objectives of the project. In conclusion, I extend my sincere appreciation to EU ACP Fish II for providing funding to this project and technical support from Paul Nichols & Steve Lindsay, from AGRER. I wish to call on the Provincial Administration through the Provincial Fisheries Divisions to fully engage and participate in this workshop and contribute to shaping the outcome and the objectives of the project. Thank you. 8

102 Annex 7: List of participants Name Position Province Phone 1 Mr Iga Ravu Provincial Fisheries Advisor Central , , ravu_iga@central.gov.pg Mr Willie Sangi Provincial Fisheries Advisor East Sepik , williesangi@yahoo.com 3 Mr Sialis Kiafuli Provincial Fisheries Advisor Eastern Highlands Siloskia35@ovi.com 4 Mr Moseley Babate Provincial Fisheries Advisor East New Britain mbabate@online.net.pg 5 Mr Berom Angguru Director Fisheries and Marine Madang madangfisheries@gmail.com Resources 6 Mr Weti Zozingao Morobe Fisheries Management Morobe Wetizozingao@gmail.com Authority (MFMA) 7 Mr Newell Sinaigawi Provincial Fisheries Advisor West New Britain mienganav@gmail.com 8 Mr Mena Dukunara Provincial Fisheries Advisor Oro Non provided 9 Ms Esther Martin Chairlady- Kiriwina Fisheries Milne Bay Province Emartin231171@yahoo.com Cooperative Society 10 Ms Catherine Kila Chairlady Madang Fisheries Madang Kila.Catherine@gmail.com Cooperative Society 11 Mr Andrew Taunega Projects Planner NFA ataunega@fisheries.gov.pg 12 Mr John Kasu Executive Manager Corporate NFA jkasu@fisheries.gov.pg Services. 13 Ms Welete Wararu Executive Manager - Provincial NFA wwaratu@fisheries.gov.pg Support & Industry Development 14 Mr Ludwig Kumoru Executive Manager Fisheries NFA lkumoru@fisheries.gov.pg Management 15 Mr Philip Sokou Aquarium Fishery Coordinator NFA psokou@fisheries.gov.pg 16 Mr Towok Bolton Industry Development Coordinator NFA btowok@fisheries.gov.pg 17 Mr Paul Martin Trade & Investment Coordinator NFA pmartin@fisheries.gov.pg 18 Mr Sai Ugufa Research Assistant - Sedentary NFA sugufa@fisheries.gov.pg 19 Mr Rodney Kirarock Trade & Investment Officer NFA rkirarock@fisheries.gov.pg 9

103 Name Position Province Phone 20 Mr Thomas Usu Fisheries Management Officer Tuna NFA Mr Geoff Puri SME Officer NFA Mr Carson Koviro Provincial Support Officer NFA Mr Gandhi Tarube Provincial Support Officer NFA Ms Priscilla Muigu Public Relations Officer NFA Mr Kema Mailu Fishing Industry Association Inc PNG Wide

104 Annex 8: Workshop Agenda WORKSHOP AGENDA ACP Fish II Stakeholders Validation Workshop: Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea (PAC B8) 1. Objective January 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea The objective of the Workshop is to review and validate the draft Interim Technical Report on Profiling of Provincial Fisheries in Papua New Guinea, produced by the consultant team. The Workshop will also provide an opportunity for participants to identify suitable future activities to support improved fisheries monitoring systems at provincial level. 2. Methodology During the Workshop there will be presentations from the Key Experts (KE). These will follow the structure of the Interim Technical Report document. Each presentation will be followed by plenary discussions, the intention being to cover the entire document, section by section. The expected outputs from the Workshop will be: Review of the Interim Technical Report. Comments and recommendations provided by national stakeholders to assist in the finalisation of the Study. Recommendations on suitable future actions to support improved fisheries monitoring at provincial level. A brief report of the Regional Workshop, including its recommendations and conclusions. Documentation for participants includes: The Interim Technical Report (distributed in digital format) Workshop agenda (distributed in digital format) Print-outs of PowerPoint presentations (distributed at the workshop) Thursday, 17 January, :00-09:00 Registration: Submission of inbound boarding passes Signing of paperwork Issuance of DSA 09:00-09:45 Opening remarks/ welcome address Introduction to the mission Outline of the workshop organisation, objectives, expected outcomes Election of Chair Adoption of agenda 09:45-10:15 Brief background to the project Approach adopted by the present study Action/Speakers Stacy Wali/ consultant team NFA PN 11

105 Structure of the Interim Technical Report 10:15-10:45 Coffee break Current provincial fisheries monitoring systems / data availability: Sectoral planning, administration and management SL Questions and answers 11:45-12:15 Capture fisheries and aquaculture SL 12:15-12:45 Questions and answers 12:45-13:45 Lunch 13:45-14:30 Conclusions and recommendations: PN The need for improved provincial fisheries monitoring Current status of monitoring systems Recommendations Questions and answers 15:00-15:30 Coffee break Proposed model format for a provincial fisheries profile PN 16:15-17:00 Questions and answers Friday, 18 January, :00-09:30 Recap on proposed model format PN 09:30-10:30 Open discussion 10:30-11:00 Coffee break 11:00-12:30 Conclusion: Summary of major points, way forward Completion of workshop appraisal questionnaire Speakers PN NFA 12: Closure of workshop NFA 12

106 Annex 9: Information Note 12 TH DECEMBER, 2012 ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION NOTE ACP Fish II Stakeholders Validation Workshop: Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea (PAC B8) January 2013 Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea 3. Introduction for workshop participants to this note This Information Note accompanies the invitation to attend a 2-day workshop, sent by by the National Fisheries Authority (NFA) of Papua New Guinea. This note explains in detail the administrative procedures that rule the travel to, and the participation in the workshop. It is essential that all workshop participants fully understand this note, in order to avoid problems with the filing of mandatory paperwork, and the paying out of DSA (daily subsistence allowance). 4. Workshop organization The workshop will be held on Thursday and Friday, January 17-18, at Ela Beach Hotel, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Tea/coffee will be provided during the workshop in the morning and the afternoon. All participants are expected to stay at the hotel. An accommodation package has been arranged and has been factored into the DSA payable. The cost of breakfast, lunch and evening meal is not part of the accommodation package and participants will make their own arrangements, using the DSA provided. The Workshop shall be conducted in English. Participants are firmly expected to travel with their personal copies of the document to be validated (Interim Technical Report Profiling of Provincial Fisheries), which was circulated by NFA during December. For this reason, no hard copies of this document will be circulated at the workshop. 5. Travel arrangements As the workshop is funded by the EU, certain formalities must be complied with, including the following: Return flights will be provided in economy class only. The Consultant will arrange the booking of economy class flights, following agreement between the consultant and each participant. Flights will be arranged for each participant, only upon receipt of an confirming the participant s intention to attend the workshop. Flight bookings so made will be sent electronically (via as far as possible) to participants well in advance of the workshop. Participants are expected to their agreement with the travel itinerary proposed and confirm their intention to travel. 13

107 During registration, participants must submit original inbound Boarding passes and a photocopy of their passport. Kindly note that no payment of DSA will be made until this requirement has been met. Participants are also required to mail back to the consultants their return boarding passes after returning home from the workshop, and will be asked to sign a declaration of intent to this effect at the commencement of the workshop. It is strongly suggested that participants secure scanned copies of their return boarding pass(es) following their return home, in order to avoid complete losses, and these back to the consultant as a first step. An airport pick-up and drop-off service will be arranged. Therefore participants are kindly asked to look out for, and to make sure to use this service. There will be no refunds for privately contracted taxis. 6. Accommodation arrangements The Consultants have booked rooms at the venue for participants according to the final list of participants. DSA paid to participants (in PGK) will be the balance of the approved EU per diem rate minus the unit price paid for accommodation and airport transfers. DSA will be paid in cash to each participant during registration on the first day of the workshop, upon signing of a presence sheet, and submission of the participant s inbound boarding pass(es). Since the cost of accommodation is already subtracted from the DSA, the remainder is intended to cover breakfast, lunch, evening meal and any other incidentals incurred by the participant during his/her stay for the workshop. The number of nights accommodation covered will be dependent on flight availability to the participant s home province. 7. Local participants (from Port Moresby) Local participants are entitled to a nominal DSA rate for the two days of the workshop, to cover the cost of meals and incidentals. 8. Contact information ACP Fish II Project/AGRER will provide technical and administrative support for the Workshop. The workshop will be run by technical assistants Mr Paul Nichols (Team Leader/Key Expert 1), and Mr Steve Lindsay (Key Expert 2). The secretariat and administration of the workshop is assumed by Ms Stacey Wali. Nomination of your provincial delegates, including formal titles/positions of persons, should be directed to the addresses mentioned below. Ms Wali will also be in charge of arranging travel tickets and accommodation. All communications should be handled via . Ms Stacey WALI: swali@datec.net.pg Putting in copy: Mr Paul NICHOLS: Mr Steve LINDSAY: Mr Andrew TAUNGA: pvnichols@gmail.com Steve@iasaustralia.com ataunega@fisheries.gov.pg 14

108 Annex 10: Press Release NATIONAL FISHERIES AUTHORITY MEDIA RELEASE Work on Provincial Fisheries Profiling Begins The ACP Fish-II programme - Strengthening Fisheries Management in ACP Countries - has commenced a project in Papua New Guinea that aims to improve the availability and reliability of data and information for the fisheries sector at the provincial level, through the development of suitable fisheries database template and identifying courses of action required to ensure regular updating of provincial fisheries databases, once developed. The ACP Fish-II programme is funded under the European Union s 9 th European Development Fund, and provides such assistance in order to contribute to the sustainable and equitable management of fisheries in the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states, the aim being to reduce poverty and improve food security. Phase One of the project kicked off in the country last November with a team of two experts from a Brussels-based company, AGRER Ltd, that has been contracted to deliver the project, and who visited five selected provinces: East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay and Central and had discussions with key stakeholders. From these visits, a report was produced termed as Draft Interim Technical Report on Profiling of Provincial Fisheries in Papua New Guinea. This report was handed out during Phase Two of the project, which was a two-day workshop, held here in Port Moresby from 17 th -18 th January Seven provincial fisheries advisors and key officers of the National Fisheries Authority attended the workshop to validate and come up with recommendations for input on the development of a model format for a provincial fisheries profile. The objective of the Workshop was to review and validate the draft Interim Technical Report on Profiling of Provincial Fisheries in Papua New Guinea, produced by the consultant team of experts. Two notable outcomes of the workshop were the urgent need for the development of provincial fisheries profiles, establishment of improved fisheries monitoring systems at the provincial level, as well as thorough establishment of information and database management systems. Ends. NFA Press Office. 15

109 Annex 11: Workshop evaluation sheet Feed-back from participants was invited in the form of a scoring system on four constituent areas: (1) Workshop venue; (2) Agenda; (3) Workshop content; and (4) The consultant team. In addition, written comments were invited on the Interim Technical Report document and the workshop itself. The questionnaire used is reproduced below: Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea Project Ref: PAC1.5 - B8 January 17-18, 2013 Workshop evaluation sheet Workshop venue excellent good poor very poor 1 How adequate was the venue for the workshop? Agenda 2 How appropriate was the time allocated to the workshop overall? 3 How adequate was the time allocated to each session? 4 How was the overall organization of the event (travel/accomodation/venue)? Workshop content 5 Was the workshop useful? 6 Did you manage to voice your views/concerns? 7 Nature of the materials distributed? 8 Was the report to be validated distributed with sufficient advance? 9 Time allocated to debate? The consultant team 10 Was the objective of the workshop made clear? 11 Were presentations clear and understandable? 12 Were discussions constructive and useful? 13 Were responses provided to feedback clear and useful? Comments 14 On the Interim Technical Report presented by the consultants 15 On the workshop 16

110 Annex 12: Feedback received from participants Scores assigned by Workshop participants to the evaluation questionnaire are presented below. Workshop venue The venue chosen for the workshop was considered excellent or very good by 100% of participants Agenda Participants found the agenda to be excellent or very good. One participant felt that the time allocated for the workshop was poor, i.e. too short. Three participants rated overall organisation to be poor or very poor these were participants who arrived late due to late transfer of funds for securing flights, and inadequate provision of DSA requiring provincial participants to share rooms. Workshop content Workshop usefulness and the nature of the materials distributed was rated as excellent or very good by 100% of participants. The main issue concerned the late distribution of the Interim Technical Report, as a result of late delivery of the report by the ACP Fish II Secretariat. Consultant team All participants rated the consultant team s performance as excellent or very good, except one participant who rated the discussions to be poor. A summary of the written responses received is provided in tabular form below. 17

111 On the report Generally very informative and initiatives look excellent. Very detailed information and the gaps identified to develop coastal fisheries in PNG. A good document to spark debate and shine some light on roles and how NFA can work to improve and help provincial level fisheries. The report was well done and with much clarity (excellent). Good. Very clear and understandable. Paves way for suggestions for improvement, additions, etc. Experienced consultants. Well done. Get to the point what NFA will do and what the provinces will do. Was very comprehensive and addresses the core to developing fisheries in the provinces. Very good and there should be a follow-up workshop. Due to my late arrival, not much information obtained by me. Very comprehensive, but needs to be improved as time goes by. The ITR is a useful tool for fisheries development. Good report, very detailed, need constant updating. Comprehensive and despite time constraints for consultants in the field. Detailed and clear. Identified the needs of the provincial fisheries. Good. Good model provided can be used to do profile for the provinces. This report is very good and provinces will adapt it as a working document. Good. On the workshop Very interactive and really good issues raised during the discussions. Generally good. Well organised, very important. Need more. Best organised workshop, stimulated, intensive and adequate interaction. Good. Well organised. Implement the activities. Assess and evaluate. Continue the cycle. Excellent, was lively and people saw the usefulness of it. Very good ideas. Workshop itself was very good needs follow-up. Needs more time to debate and discuss critical issues. Should be a follow-upon the workshop to finalise the profiles. Generally good. Hotel could do better but workshop was well coordinated. Excellent. Overall good. Good. Consultants much provide phone/fax numbers as well for effective communication I have no access to address. Very good workshop - will benefit the provinces. 18

112 Appendix H: Validated Interim Technical Report draft provincial fisheries profiles 111

113 Profiling of Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea PROJECT REFERENCE: PAC B8 INTERIM TECHNICAL REPORT (FINAL VALIDATED VERSION) Assignment by Paul NICHOLS & Steve LINDSAY JANUARY 2013

114 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR MONITORING LAND AND SEA MAPS KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS SECTORAL PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Provincial fisheries administration structure Ownership of physical assets Registration and licensing Provincial database systems Collection of taxes, fees, levies Safety inspections Sector management Sector development MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES AQUACULTURE PROCESSING AND SUPPORT INDUSTRIES CONCLUSIONS NEED FOR PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILING CURRENT STATUS OF PROVINCIAL FISHERIES MONITORING RECOMMENDATIONS Annexes ANNEX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE ANNEX 2: MODEL FORMAT FOR A PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE ANNEX 3: PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE EAST SEPIK PROVINCE ANNEX 4: PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE MADANG PROVINCE ANNEX 5: PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE EAST NEW BRITAIN PROVINCE ANNEX 6: PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE MILNE BAY PROVINCE ANNEX 7: PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE CENTRAL PROVINCE Figures FIGURE 1: MAP OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, AND THE PROVINCES APPLICABLE TO THIS STUDY... 1 FIGURE 2: AVAILABILITY OF PHYSICAL, GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL DATA REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILES... 4 FIGURE 3: AVAILABILITY/QUALITY OF DATA REQUIRED FOR PRODUCTION OF PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILES... 4 FIGURE 4: COMPLIANCE WITH FISHERIES REGULATIONS AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL... 7 FIGURE 5: ENFORCEMENT OF FISHERIES REGULATIONS AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL... 8 FIGURE 6: STAFF AND FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS FOR PROVINCIAL FISHERIES ADMINISTRATIONS... 8 FIGURE 7: RATING OF NATIONAL/PROVINCIAL EFFORTS TO INCREASE SKILLS... 9 FIGURE 8: AVAILABILITY OF STOCK AND FISHERY DATA FIGURE 9: AVAILABILITY OF DATA RELATING TO INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES i

115 Tables TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF APPROACH... 3 TABLE 2: KEY ACTIVITIES PERFORMED... 5 TABLE 1: AGREED WORK-PLAN KEY DATES, ACTIVITIES AND MILESTONES... 4 TABLE 1: PROVINCE RESPONSES ON THE VALUE OF PRODUCING PROVINCIAL FISHERIES RESOURCE PROFILES... 5 ii

116 Acronyms used ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific States ACP Fish II ACP Fish II programme: Strengthening fisheries management in ACP states ARTFISH Approaches, Rules and Techniques for Fisheries statistical monitoring CFMDP Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project (ADB-funded) CPUE Catch per Unit Effort FAO Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN FFA South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency FMIS Fisheries Management Information System GEF Global Environment Fund ICT Information and Communications Technology JICA Japanese International Cooperation Agency LLG Local Level Government M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance MoA Memorandum of Agreement NFA National Fisheries Administration (of Papua New Guinea) OFCF Overseas Fisheries Cooperation Foundation (Japan) PGK PNG Kina (currency) PSID Provincial Support and Industry Development PNG Papua New Guinea RCFDP Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme (EU-funded) SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats iii

117 1 INTRODUCTION Papua New Guinea s National Fisheries Authority (NFA) has overarching responsibility for management of the nation s fisheries sector. In line with current Government policy to decentralise certain fisheries-related management responsibilities to provincial authorities in accordance with the Organic Law on Provincial and Local Level Governments (1995), NFA has signed Memoranda of Agreement (MoA) with 22 Provinces. One consequence of this shared responsibility for fisheries management at provincial level is the need for comprehensive, reliable and up-to-date availability of data and related information on the fisheries sector at the provincial level. Lack of access to such data has hampered effective planning and management of the sector, as well as hindering the design of sectoral development projects at provincial level. The current project is an attempt to help improve the availability and reliability of data and information for the fisheries sector at provincial level, through the development of a suitable fisheries database template and identifying courses of action required to ensure regular updating of Provincial fisheries databases, once developed. The project was undertaken by a Mission Team consisting of two experts recruited through AGRER: Mr Paul Nichols (Team Leader), and Mr Steve Lindsay (Key Expert 2). Field consultations with key stakeholders were held between 29 Nov 14 Dec 2012 in five Provinces visited by the mission team: East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay and Central (shaded in blue in Figure 1 below).the Team was accompanied during the field visits by NFA Provincial Support Officer, Mr Presley Kokwaiye. Figure 1: Map of Papua New Guinea, and the Provinces applicable to this study This document represents the Interim Technical Report (ITR) the main deliverable of the first phase of the Mission. The first draft of the ITR was discussed at a National Stakeholder Validation Workshop during the second phase of the mission, on January 2013, at which key provincial fisheries sector stakeholders had the opportunity to review, discuss and validate the document. A synoptic report of the Validation Workshop is attached as an Annex to the Final Technical Report. 1

118 This final version of the ITR takes due cognizance of the feed-back provided by stakeholders during the Validation Workshop. Chapter 2 outlines the methodology used by the Mission Team. Chapter 3 provides an analysis of the current situation in the provinces visited regarding data collection systems at provincial level. The chapter summarises discussions with key stakeholders on data collection, analysis and dissemination relating to fisheries and aquaculture at provincial level in PNG. The final version of a questionnaire that was filled in during field interviews with key provincial stakeholders is appended as Annex 1. A generic provincial fisheries profile template, which would provide a comprehensive picture of the provincial fisheries sector (if all data is available) is presented in Annex 2. The Mission Team was tasked with producing draft provincial profiles using the model template developed by the Team for the five Provinces visited by the Team, i.e.: East Sepik, Madang, East New Britain, Milne Bay and Central Provinces. These are given in Annex 3 Annex 7. Although incomplete due to non-availability of the data, timing and information required to complete the suggested model template, these five Annexes provide useful worked examples to guide future development by NFA and provincial authorities. Main conclusions derived from the Phase 1 mission and recommendations are presented in Chapters D and E, respectively. 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY The team arrived in Port Moresby in late November 2012, and spent the first few days working with staff at NFA s headquarters in Port Moresby to plan and prepare the mission. The Team leader had a meeting with ACP Fish-II officers (Mr Philippe Cacaud and Mr Augustine Mobiha, Regional Manager for the Pacific- ACP FISH II) on the first day of his arrival. An initial inception start-off meeting was held at NFA headquarters with NFA staff, and Mr Mobiha on Monday 26 November. The objective and scope of the mission was clearly defined during the briefing, and formally recorded in the Inception Report. During the Inception Phase, the Team viewed documentation made available by NFA relating to provincial fisheries in PNG, and developed the model format for a provincial fisheries profile (Annex 2). The format covers six different thematic areas: (a) Maps and basic population and geographic statistics; (b) sectoral planning, administration, management and development; (c) Marine capture fisheries; (d) Inland fisheries; (e) Aquaculture; and (f) Processing and support industries. This structure guided the preparation of a questionnaire (Annex 1), which aims to record basic facts on the extent of data and information collection undertaken at provincial level. The Mission Team then spent two weeks travelling to five Provinces (chosen by NFA) with particular involvement in fisheries and aquaculture. In general terms, provincial visits were limited to not more than three full working days. The Team attempted to meet with the Provincial fisheries department, planning authorities, and other agencies with an interest in the subject matter of the mission, including the private sector, fishermen s organisations (societies and cooperatives) and fish processors.a total of 53 stakeholders were interviewed during the field mission. In parallel to the field visits, NFA agreed to distribute the questionnaire via to the Provincial Fisheries Office/Adviser in all 17 Provinces that were not visited by the mission team, at least for those with contacts. A lack of / internet connectivity with a number of fisheries advisers in the country underscores the significant hurdles to be faced when considering the establishment of an efficient data gathering and exchange system using modern ICT: if all fisheries advisers are not readily contactable by , it says something about the availability of ICT equipment in the provinces and level of internet access. By the end of the Phase I field mission, only two completed questionnaires had been received electronically (Manus Province and Gulf Province). Thus, together with the five visited provinces, at the end on Phase I questionnaire returns totalled seven Provinces. The target institution for the 2

119 subsequent development of Provincial Fisheries Profiles is NFA, in partnership with the provincial fisheries departments. The work presented here informs on key priorities for interventions aimed at improving systems for the collection, storage, analysis and dissemination of data and other information on provincial fisheries. The recommendations suggest priority actions that should be integrated into NFA and provincial budgets and work plans. 3 CURRENT SITUATION REGARDING PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR MONITORING This chapter summarises the Mission s findings, based on the information provided via stakeholder interviews and questionnaire returns. 3.1 LAND AND SEA MAPS A provincial fisheries profile should ideally include suitable maps, to show the physical location of the Province as well as depicting the main physical features. Most Provinces have already developed documentation, in particular Provincial Development Plans, which include land maps. These maps are not purposely made by the fisheries administration, but are taken from sources such as Encarta and Google Earth. Such maps are adequate to show major population centres, district boundaries, major roads, ports, and inland features such as rivers and lakes. They do not, however, clearly indicate locations of physical infrastructure supporting the sector, such as location of fish landing sites, location of aquaculture facilities, or the location of processing companies or other major activities of relevance to the fisheries sector. Available sea maps show (in some cases) maritime borders and the limit of Provincial waters (out to 12 nautical miles). Physical statistics regarding length of coastline/rivers, areas of waters (territorial sea, inland lakes etc.) are also available. None of the sea maps seen by the Mission Team, though, included detailed information of relevance to fisheries, e.g. location of primary fishing grounds, regulated areas (e.g. marine protected areas) and crucial habitats (e.g. mangroves, sea-grass, corals reefs). 3.2 KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS Population statistics to district/llg levels are available from the 2000 Census (the 2011 Census has yet to be released), and Annual Household Survey data. These data sources provide information on population levels to Provincial and District levels, demographics (age distribution, sex ratios), religious persuasion, education levels, as well as indicators for health and sanitary conditions (life expectancy, child mortality rates, etc.). Such data sources lack, however, detailed household data specifically for fishers and their families regarding income sources and levels. Information on fishers is available in certain Provinces through, for example, the EU-funded Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme (RCFDP). However, widespread systematic information of this kind is not readily available. Stakeholder views on the availability of physical, geographic and basic social data is presented graphically in Figure 2 below. 3

120 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Land maps available showing provincial physical attributes? Sea maps available (fishing grounds, landing sites, etc)? Population stats available on fishers? Sociological data available (age structure, education, etc)? Data availability re: water areas (rivers, coast)? Provincial main industries well documented? No Yes Figure 2: Availability of physical, geographic and social data required for production of provincial fisheries profiles Provincial development plans provide some detail on the main industrial base of the province in question, but information relating to employment and value of production by such industries is not collected. None of the documentation viewed contained a detailed description of key government institutions at provincial or LLG levels, their mandates or institutional responsibilities, together with contact information. Such information is of particular importance to interested parties wishing to understand the administrative set-up of the province concerned, in particular the identity of key contacts for further information. Provinces rated the availability and quality of information required for the production of detailed provincial fisheries profiles to be average or poor (Figure 3 below). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% How would you rate availability/quality of data needed for production of the profiles? Non-existent Poor Average Good Figure 3: Availability/quality of data required for production of provincial fisheries profiles This view is supported by the lack of good quality, hard information made available to the Mission Team. 4

121 Stakeholder responses to the question: Please provide your thoughts on what use a provincial fisheries profile would be to your department, in terms of planning, sector management, etc. are provided in Table 1 below. Province Madang Central Milne Bay Gulf East New Britain East Sepik Manus View on the value of developing provincial fisheries resource profiles Good idea, good for planning, already trying to develop a provincial database, any activity like this will help. Recognise data is basis of planning, helps with identifying needs, development priorities, and how to address these needs. Also would improve administration framework, helps to link down to Ward level, helps with M&E of provincial 5-year development plans. Many things can be done here, but no central repository of available information. Need to create an enabling environment. Need to attract investors. No allowance for the small-scale people, no concern for subsistence. Maybe a profile could change this. Focus attention on smallscale sector and its potential and importance to rural people. Hard to get access to finance, profile might help. Reluctant to get loan in case can t repay, many economic problems. Bank lending policies very tough. Currently PGK5,000 requires 20% equity, 26% interest. Fundamentally the Provincial Profiling provides for important and realistic data as the Gulf Provincial Fisheries & Marine Resources has been operating in the absence of a proper Term Development Plan over these years to focus the Development Goal and Public Services delivery aspirations and further outlining specific Extension & Implementation Strategies relating to Fisheries developments. It is paramount to the Province to align Fisheries & Marine Resources Activity Plans to the Province's Gulf Vision 2020 as the Term Development Plan focusing on the overall Development Goal and Public Services delivery aspirations of the Provincial Government. Need to show needs and requirements to progress the fisheries sector. Identify needs, then identify what assistance in required. Comes down to data and documentation on the actual situation. Want to see updated info to facilitate fisheries development in province, good for future planning in the province All these data are important as base information that the Division will use for purpose of planning, data and information should be collected and compile in a created date base software and be made available. Table 4: Province responses on the value of producing Provincial Fisheries Resource Profiles There is therefore unanimous support from the Provinces for the development of the provincial fisheries profiles. 5

122 3.3 SECTORAL PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Provincial fisheries administration structure The administrative structure of the provincial fisheries administrations is generally available in the form of organograms presented in fisheries strategic plans. The detailed relationship between provincial fisheries administrations and other offices is less well documented Ownership of physical assets Ownership of physical assets is recorded by NFA, for its own fixed assets (land, housing, offices). This information is held on a centralised database at NFA head office in Port Moresby. Not available at present are details of non-fixed assets (equipment) owned by NFA Registration and licensing One of the basic requirements for fisheries management is the existence of some sort of registration and/or licensing system, whereby authorities can keep up to date records of the existence of and activities of entities engaged in fishing, fish culture, and other activities linked to the sector. None of the Provinces visited currently employ any form of registration for fishermen, fishing vessels, or fish farms. The Provinces therefore have no basis for knowing the numbers involved, their physical characteristics, physical location etc. Registration and licensing of commercial activities (as defined under the 1998 Fisheries Management Act) is a function of NFA Provincial database systems Data collection, through the establishment of a structured, regular monitoring system for the sector at Provincial level, is rudimentary. Two provinces visited collect basic catch statistics (gross estimates of catch per month, from major landing sites) and one collects occasional data in aquaculture production. No Province, however, has established fisheries data monitoring as part of its institutional responsibility. Although fisher organisations exist within some Provinces that do routinely collect data on throughput by species by their membership, such data is not complied and analysed in any form by the Provincial fisheries administrations. The reasons for this are reported to be largely due to insufficient staff capacity within the Provincial fisheries administrations Collection of taxes, fees, levies The collection of taxes, fees and other levies is currently not a function of the Provincial administrations. All such revenues are collected from fishery business entities by NFA: the Province is not directly involved and does not directly benefit from such revenue generation Safety inspections Provincial fisheries staff do undertake safety inspections of fishing vessels, presumably as part of their obligations under the terms of the MoA with NFA. 6

123 3.3.7 Sector management All but one Province visited by the Team indicated that no province-specific management measures have been developed for any fisheries that fall within Provincial jurisdiction. In all cases, no Provincial regulations have been developed in regard to marine capture fisheries, inland capture fisheries, aquaculture activities, environmental impact assessments, coastal zone development, or land usage/zoning. Although all Provinces visited reported that a dedicated fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) capability has been established within the Provincial fisheries administration, this usually comprises a single officer charged with monitoring and surveillance responsibilities, and who functions as an adjunct to NFA, focusing on commercial/industrial fishing activities occurring within the Province (e.g. inspections of tuna transhipments, assisting with observer emplacements, etc.). Data collection, analysis and dissemination is not apparently included in the job descriptions of Provincial MCS operatives. No Province has a patrol vessel capability. Despite low MCS capacity, 6 out of 7 provinces rated compliance with fishery regulations as good or average and one province as poor (Figure 4 below). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% How would you judge compliance levels with fisheries regs in Prov? Non-existent Poor Average Good Figure 4: Compliance with fisheries regulations at Provincial level Enforcement of national regulations, as set by NFA under the various fisheries management plans in effect for major commercial fisheries is rated good by 5 provinces, and poor by 2 provinces (Figure 5 below). 7

124 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% How would you judge enforcement of fisheries regulations in prov? Very poor Poor Average Good Very good Figure 5: Enforcement of fisheries regulations at Provincial level In all cases, Provincial fisheries administrations maintain reasonable records in regard to staff numbers and their allotted roles. All staff members have detailed job descriptions and have personnel files maintained on them. Fisheries administrations do maintain organograms showing the staff complement and organisational structure of the administration. However, the capacity of the Provincial fisheries administrations to effectively perform a role in regard to data collection is clearly constrained by staff levels and their capacity (Figure 6 below). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% How do you rate no. of Prov fisheries staff & their tech competence? How do you rate the budget of the Prov. Fisheries administration? Adequate/ sufficient Constraining Severely constraining Figure 6: Staff and financial constraints for Provincial fisheries administrations All Provinces report the number of Provincial fisheries staff and their technical competence to be either constraining or severely constraining. A similar picture emerges for the budget allocated to Provincial fisheries administrations, with only one province considering the fisheries budget allocation to be adequate. These two factors manpower and finance are certainly major constraints for the establishment of effective data collection systems. 8

125 3.3.8 Sector development Four Provinces visited by the Mission have developed some form of fisheries development plan. The mission finds, however, that although the development of such plans is highly commendable, they do not present detailed analyses of the particular circumstances facing the province to support the various development strategies proposed. Such analyses should ideally include: Constraints analysis (problem tree construction) - by which to review and clearly define the nature and importance of main and binding constraints (problems, barriers, obstacles) facing fisheries stakeholders in the Province, and secondly to identify and understand the immediate causes and effects of these constraints; SWOT analysis by which to identify the most important internal factors: Strengths (factors that are advantageous) and Weaknesses (factors that are disadvantageous), and external factors: Opportunities (factors that provide the chance for improvements) and Threats (elements that can cause trouble). The SWOT approach helps to specify the objective of the sectoral development strategy, and to identify the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieve that objective; Institutional analysis - which assesses the status and performance of key provincial as well as national authorities; and Risk analysis - which summarises the key risks to which the provincial fisheries sector is exposed. Such analyses are necessary in order to clearly lay out the context and development needs to be addressed. Developing capacity for development planning is a key area for which the provincial fisheries and planning administrations require assistance. The low level of technical skills at provincial level is certainly a major reason why a structured approach to development planning at Provincial level is not in evidence. Only 50% of Provinces report operating any form of initiative that aims to develop the fisheries sector. Provincial and national efforts to support education and training of fishermen, fish farmers, and in-service staff, through in-the-job training, extension etc. is rated as poor by 4 Provinces and good by three provinces (Figure 7). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% How do you rate Provincial/national efforts that support education/training of fishers, etc.? Non-existent Poor Average Good Very good Figure 7: Rating of national/provincial efforts to increase skills 9

126 Sectoral developments in PNG have been supported for many years by a number of donor agencies. Documentation on the activities of such development partners is readily available, the major players being: ADB - Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project (CFMDP), provincial resource surveys EU Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme (RCFDP) OFCF development of infrastructure for fisheries training institutions ACIAR - development of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security in the region Japanese Trust Fund - training in stock assessment methodologies Details of such development partner interventions are given in the five example provincial fisheries profiles (Annexes 3-7). 3.4 MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES The provincial administrations visited by the mission do not maintain detailed time series of data relating to the overall structure of small-scale provincial marine capture fisheries. This is due to virtual absence of resources allocated to data collection through a fisheries monitoring system at Provincial level. In regard to stock status, the information produced under the ADB-funded CFMDP for three provinces (Morobe, Milne Bay and New Ireland) in 2007 probably represents the best recent information available on provincial marine coastal fisheries. For all other provinces, there is a virtual absence of recent, reliable, scientifically-valid information on the status of marine fish stocks. Six out of seven Provinces responded that no recent stock-assessment research had been undertaken in recent years (Figure 8). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% No Yes 30% 20% 10% 0% Recent data available for major exploited stocks? Data available on boat numbers, gears, activities? Data available on subsistence/recreational fishing? Data available on time series (catches, CPUE)? Figure 8: Availability of stock and fishery data 10

127 As a consequence, Provincial fisheries administrations are unaware of the structure of small-scale fisheries operating within provincial marine waters in terms of total vessel numbers and vessels types, fishing gear used, location of main fishing grounds, production or catch utilisation. Changes in catches, catch composition and effort over time is not monitored. Information is, however, available in regard to the numbers and types of provincial fisher organisations. NFA has put considerable effort into establishing and supporting the development of fisher organisations (cooperative societies, associations) and in many places the mission was able to meet with their officers and obtain details of their operations. Far less is documented, however, in regard to the facilities available at the various landing sites used by small-scale fishermen around the country, including throughout of fish, and the importance of such sites to rural livelihoods. The developmental prospects for marine capture fisheries are listed in various documents, for example provincial development plans and strategies. In every case, however, such prospects are not well established as a result of analytical analysis of real data on the existing situation, consequently such prospects appear to be more a set of wish lists of what the province would like to see, rather than the result of a logical process of analysis of facts. 3.5 INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES Data for inland fisheries in the Provinces visited by the Mission is even more sparse than for marine capture fisheries. Stakeholders indicated that no information is currently collected on the resource base (stock assessment of inland fish stocks), details of vessels or fishers engaged in inland fishing, their catches or any aspect of the dynamics of inland fisheries (Figure 9). 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% No Yes 30% 20% 10% 0% Stock assessment data available? Data available on boat numbers, gears, etc.? Data available on subsist/recreational activities? Data available on time series of catches, effort? Data available on fisher organisations? Data available on landing site infrastructure? Figure 9: Availability of data relating to inland capture fisheries Inland fishermen are not well organised into registered societies/cooperatives, and no data is collected on such bodies where they exist. 11

128 The socio-economic value of inland fisheries has not been determined. As in the case of marine capture fisheries, no analytical assessment of development potential of inland waterways at provincial level has been undertaken. 3.6 AQUACULTURE Data relating to aquaculture activities at the Provincial level is not readily available. Three of the seven respondent provinces collect basic data relating to location of fish farms and the culture methods employed, and four have collected information on the species cultured. It is a fact though that no regular, systematic data collection for aquaculture activities is in place at provincial level. This is despite the assertion in the development plans of several provinces that aquaculture, particularly inland culture, has significant potential, and the fact that four of the respondent provinces indicated that they have a role to play in planning and management of aquaculture. Support for aquaculture development (applied research, education/training, feed/seed production, extension, finance, etc.) was ranked as poor or non-existent by the majority of provinces. 3.7 PROCESSING AND SUPPORT INDUSTRIES Fish processing plants are present in three of the provinces visited by the Mission. However, none of the provincial fisheries administrations currently collect regular data on these establishments, in regard to employment, business relationships with other sectors, production or sales figures. For the industrial scale operations, such data is collected by NFA. A similar picture emerges for support industries, for example shipyards, and other upstream and downstream support industries. No province currently collects data on the operations of these industries. The business relationships between the various players in the value chain is therefore not mapped or monitored. 4 CONCLUSIONS 4.1 NEED FOR PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILING There is general agreement at the provincial level that the concept of developing provincial fisheries resource profiles is sound, as this would create a common format for the compilation and regular updating of detailed information relevant to the status, management and development of the provincial fisheries sector. Such profiles are viewed as a means to help increase visibility of the smallscale sector, which is currently afforded low development priority, despite national and provincial policy statements to the contrary. There is also unanimous acknowledgement that the basic data and other forms of information necessary to complete a profile that would be of practical value is currently not available, due to a virtual absence of monitoring of the sector at provincial level. 4.2 CURRENT STATUS OF PROVINCIAL FISHERIES MONITORING Data collection at the provincial level is currently undertaken mainly by NFA staff for commercial (industrial-scale) fisheries, with an emphasis on fisheries that target highly commercialised species groups, e.g. offshore tuna and shrimp, near-shore beche-de-mer. The capacity of provincial fisheries administrations for routine data collection on small-scale (near-shore) marine capture fisheries, inland fisheries and aquaculture is low or non-existent. No province currently has in place monitoring systems for the routine collection of even basic production effort or utilisation data. Although provided for under national legislation, licensing of small-scale fishing and aquaculture activities is not implemented, which would form the basis of routine, regular monitoring of activities. A number of past development interventions have generated snap-shots of the provincial fisheries sector, and yielded useful information. Prominent examples include the ADB-funded Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project and the EU-funded Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). However, data collection functions established during the life-times of these projects have not been translated into institutionalised monitoring systems within the provincial administrations. 12

129 NFA has provided significant inputs to provincial administrations under the terms of the various MoA between NFA and individual Provinces. Provincial authorities have not, however, provided significant support to build capacity in provincial fisheries administrations. The Mission finds that provincial fisheries sectors (including aquaculture) are of low priority in the provinces met to date. This low priority is at least partially due to the virtual absence of data collection and subsequent analysis on the relative socio-economic value of the sector in terms of food security, employment, business multipliers and development potential. This is particularly true in the case of aquaculture. The various provincial development plans are not supported by detailed analysis of quantitative data to support the results and activities proposed under such plans. 5 RECOMMENDATIONS The primary recommendation is that the template developed for Provincial Fisheries Profiles be completed on a case-by-case basis for all provinces. The Mission however finds that in order for this to become a reality, a fundamental shift is needed to establish fisheries data collection as an institutional monitoring function in all provinces, requiring far greater inputs in terms of human, financial and material resources. In addition to providing adequate resources for provincial fisheries monitoring, the Mission Team recommends a number of linked development activities, to help build provincial capacity for monitoring inshore fisheries as a basis for improved management and development. These proposals are outlined below. Recommendation no. 1: Review of national fisheries legal framework. Rationale:Key pieces of legislation in the PNG legal framework for fisheries include: a. The Fisheries Management Act 1998 and Fisheries Regulations 2000, which lays down the general framework for the management, development and regulation of fishing in Papua New Guinea. b. The Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (Consolidated to No 29 of 1998), under which Provincial Governments have considerable autonomy in regard to fisheries development and management, and a share in the revenue generated from fishery activities within the extended jurisdiction boundary of the individual provinces seaward into the territorial sea. c. Co-operative Societies Act (1982) and Regulations (2003) - legislation that governs the establishment of fishermen organisations. The stakeholder s validation workshop identified a need to undertake a review of these seminal pieces of legislation, and identify gaps and inconsistencies in order to strengthen and clarify mandates and responsibilities of all interested for fisheries management (particularly provincial/small-scale fisheries and aquaculture). A review of MoA between NFA and provinces could also be reviewed as part of the national fisheries legal framework. Implementation steps: this activity could be undertaken though the following steps: 1. Define Terms of Reference. 2. Contract international/national consultant team. 3. Detailed review of current legal framework (Fisheries Law of 1998, Organic Law of 1998, Co-operative Societies Act 1982). 4. In-country stakeholder consultations, detailed analysis of existing fishery sector and related laws. 5. Stakeholders workshops initially to raise stakeholder awareness and define scope and methodology, and at conclusion of the work to present conclusions and recommendations/road map for revision of legal framework. 6. Technical report detailing actions required for adoption of new harmonised laws. 13

130 7. Training courses for national stakeholders in practical application of revised law (focussing on provisions for strengthened provincial-level management, and co-management with fisher organisations). Indicators and milestones: Overview report produced showing gap analysis of existing fisheries legislative framework, in relation to mandates, responsibilities and institutional linkages of legal bodies (NFA, province-level authorities, fishermen s organisations). Drafts of legal texts to amend pertinent parts of existing laws. Recommendation no. 2: System of support for the further development of national fishermen organisations strengthened. Rationale: Provincial fishermen have a pivotal role to play as primary stakeholders in the effective management and development of provincial fisheries. If provincial fishery monitoring systems are to have any hope of success, it is essential that engage fishermen be included in consultation and participation at all stages in the development of such systems. The fisheries of PNG are dominated by artisanal, small-scale fishermen, who collectively land at least 90% of total catches. As is the case in most countries, however, small-scale provincial fishermen lack organisation. Efforts to date to assist in establishing and mentoring small-scale fish organisations (societies, cooperatives, etc.) are provided primarily by through the NFA s Provincial Support and Industry Development (PSID) Business Unit. Such support is key to improving data collection/fisheries monitoring at grass-roots level and should be much expanded. The formation and effective functioning of fisher organisations has to date not been particularly successful for a variety of reasons, including poor organisation and management skills, lack of unity between fishermen, failure to adopt democratic principles for office holders, insufficient funding, lack of technical skills, vision and transparency. It is suggested that if existing efforts to support fishermen grass-roots organisations, this will provide the opportunity to inculcate an appreciation of the need to collect data as part of a province-wide small-scale fisheries monitoring system in those who have most to benefit from such a system. Support for fishermen organisations in the provinces would help both Provincial and National government agencies with more focus with fishermen, who by their nature are geographically spread out and hard to communicate with. The following activities aim to provide such assistance. Implementation steps: this activity could be undertaken though the following steps: 1. Define Terms of Reference for Studies. 2. Contract international/national consultant team. 3. In-country stakeholder consultations, evaluation of current status of fishermen organisations. 4. Needs identified for establishment of organisations, their management and service delivery to members, forms of government support required, equipment/capital works required. 5. Stakeholders workshops initially to raise stakeholder awareness and define scope and methodology, and at conclusion of the work to present conclusions and recommendations/road map for action. 6. Technical report detailing actions required to strengthen national fishermen organisations. 7. Training courses for establishment and efficient management of fishermen organisations, increased role in fisheries monitoring system, participatory development of policies, strategies and plans with regulators. Indicators and milestones: Review of current needs and recommended corrective actions completed. Detailed plan of action for expanded focus on support to fisher organisations agreed. 14

131 Standard Operating Procedures and training course materials developed, training programme identified, & training provided. Recommendation No.3:Upgrade current fisheries statistics system to improve the timeliness, coverage and accuracy of catch and effort data collection, and commence collection of socioeconomic data. Rationale: a comprehensive and reliable fisheries data collection system is essential as the basis of sustainable fisheries management. Data is required for a wide range of management related functions, including determination of fish stock levels and sustainable exploitation levels, monitoring fishery dynamics in response to management strategies, and for monitoring the socio-economic value of provincial fisheries. Such data, once analysed, informs the process leading to the development of management strategies that are appropriate to the fishery in question. A fisheries monitoring programme is necessary to collect data including catch and fishing effort information and to assess the effectiveness of fisheries management strategies. Several types of information are required from the fisheries, including species composition, distribution, abundance, biological data, environmental data and financial / economic information. Unfortunately, the current system for monitoring of provincial fisheries in Papua New Guinea is inadequate and fails to support management decisions relating to near-shore marine and inland fisheries. Catch (landings by species) and effective effort data are not available, due to the difficulties currently faced in collecting such information, and the constraints faced by the provincial fisheries administrations. There is no systematic collection of fish market data, where more accurate data on catch by species might usefully be made. No measure of types and numbers of fishing gear, engine sizes, on-board equipment etc. by area is available, to give good estimate of real fishing power. Data that are published on a national level are years out of date, having been generated by one-off projects (notably CFMDP and RCFDP). Besides data relating to the dynamics of the fisheries sector, no socio-economic data are collected, and therefore no indicators can be generated on the real value of the resource in terms of livelihoods, employment and social indicators. This lack of real-time data collection and analysis undermines any effort to develop and implement management measures to address real-time issues as they arise. A lack of analysis of the important contribution fisheries make to rural populations in the country most certainly contributes the current low priority the sector receives in terms of development assistance. Major constraints faced by Provincial fisheries administrations include a lack of available resources for data collection: low staff numbers and technical expertise, funds, equipment. Action is therefore required to correct this situation and build capacity at provincial level, through the delivery of appropriate training and development of suitable statistical computer packages to improve real-time data collection, storage, and analysis. Implementation of a registration & licensing system for small-scale fishermen and their vessels, as well as for aquaculture facilities, would form the basis of an effective monitoring system, and could facilitate the regular collection of essential data relating to production, effort, costs/profitability etc. and in turn would inform management for the sector. Consideration should also be given to the use of available software packages that assist in the analysis of basic data from artisanal fisheries, such as catch, fishing effort, and length and weight data. One possible option is ARTFISH (Approaches, Rules and Techniques for Fisheries statistical monitoring), which has been developed by Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO). ARTFISH has been developed as a standardized tool adaptable to most fisheries in the developing countries. Its design was driven by the need to provide users with robust, user-friendly and error-free approaches with computer software, and achieve the implementation of cost-effective fishery statistical systems with minimal external assistance. The basic variables involve catch, effort, CPUE, prices, values and average fish size. ARTFISH utilizes technology that increases user cognition and decreases training time. It also provides detailed statistical diagnostics on data quality and allows insights into the 15

132 fisheries from which the data is being collected. The primary objective of ARTFISH is to increase national capacity and improve the methodological and operational aspects of national fishery statistical programmes. Serious consideration should also be given to implementing the coastal resource monitoring systems being developed and rolled out by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, particularly for resources such as beche-de-mer. A real commitment over many years, together with the provision of the necessary resources (human, material and financial), is required in order to build a monitoring programme to support the fisheries management function of provincial fisheries administrations. Technical expertise in planning and delivering appropriate tailored training would also be required. Implementation steps: this activity could be undertaken though the following steps: 1. Contract international technical assistance. 2. Detailed assessment of current situation in all provinces (data collection procedures, reliability of data collected and subsequent analyses). 3. Detailed assessment of needs to establish province-level registration and licensing systems for small-scale fishers and fish farmers. 4. Identify material needs (sampling equipment, ICT equipment, etc.) and initiate procurements. 5. Design and deliver appropriate capacity building methodology (training needs analysis, course content and materials, standard operational procedures manual for fisheries sector statistical collection and analysis system). Indicators and milestones: Review of current monitoring system and recommended corrective actions completed. Detailed plan of action for an improved statistics gathering systems agreed. Provincial registration system for small-scale fishing vessels and fish farming enterprises established, together an annual licensing system. SOPs and training course materials developed & training provided. Provision for sector monitoring and regular staff capacity development included in provincial budgetary allocations. Recommendation no.4:establish a computerised fisheries management information system (FMIS) to facilitate comprehensive, accurate and real-time management of small-scale fisheries in provincial waters. Rationale:Many countries have successfully developed web-based FMIS for the creation of a wide range of databases on marine and inland capture fisheries. These are generally housed and centrallyadministered within the national fisheries authority. These can be designed to be user-friendly, with provincial fisheries authorities having their own account, enabling them to log into the database and enter data relating to their area of jurisdiction. Sound methodologies, in-line with international best practice are usually employed. The types of data collected and input on a regular basis (e.g. monthly) into such systems typically includes: Production/catch (disaggregated by area, gear, vessel, species). Vessel information (disaggregated by area, vessel, species). Fishing cost data (fixed and variable costs). Prices disaggregated by species and location. Fishing effort components: fishermen/fishing vessel registration/licensing data, gear types, gear efficiencies, fishing patterns, fishing ground information, etc. Socio-economic data: employment (full-time, part-time, disaggregated by sex, age, nationality), upstream and downstream economic multipliers, economic contribution to the national economy, food security, livelihood creation, etc. 16

133 Utilisation and end markets (processing, products and prices, marketing, domestic consumption, exports, value-addition etc.). The key for any successful system is that the provincial offices update the system on a regular and systematic basis to maintain its value as a management and analytical tool. Enumerators need to be properly trained and the updating of the database needs to be institutionalized such that it becomes a core part of the (monthly) activity of the fisheries authorities. Such a FMIS could also be designed to incorporate aquaculture data. With such a framework in place, monthly reporting could be improved such that a standardized set of data is communicated from provincial to the central level each month. This suggested development activity is closely linked to activity 1 above and would aim to establish an electronic Fisheries Management Information System at the provincial level, purpose-designed an appropriate to circumstances, to ensure efficient utilization of the various types of statistical data and information collected in a central database repository. Once up and running, this system could facilitate faster input of data at provincial level and near real-time production of monitoring reports for wide dissemination to interested stakeholders. In order to establish a FMIS, a consultancy company with expertise in such systems should be contracted, able to assess and recommend solutions to the constraints currently hampering efficient data collection at provincial level, including: The current lack of skilled manpower in provincial fisheries administrations at all levels for management. Maintenance and further development of system. Capacity for data input and analysis at provincial. The reliability of the existing ICT infrastructure, especially in regard to linkages between provincial offices and NFA in Port Moresby. Once established, a computerized FMIS system could, as a central aim, incorporate the real-time small-scale fishing vessel registration and licensing system, designed specifically for the small-scale sector, as suggested in recommendation no. 3. This would be a major step forward towards control of fishing effort, as well as providing the statistical base necessary for real-time monitoring of the fishery. The system could be designed to allow further development to allow input and analysis of social and economic data, to allow the true socio-economic value of the sector to the overall economy to be monitored. Implementation steps: this activity could be undertaken though the following steps: 1. Contract international ICT expert team, with proven track record in establishing workable and cost-effective FMIS suitable for small-scale fisheries. 2. Assessment of current situation (including efforts made to date in the development of tailormade computerized fisheries statistics systems, such as that being supported by FFA), identification of issues and constraints, detailed analysis of options for a national FMIS solution suitable to provincial fisheries and aquaculture in PNG. 3. Report preparation including detailed recommendations. 4. Procurement (hardware, software). 5. Staff training (technical and managerial) and recruitment (as required) (outsourced). Indicators and milestones: Equipment and software procurement. Current experimental computerized fisheries management information systems (if any) updated and improved as a result of FMIS review. 17

134 Annex 13: Questionnaire National Fisheries Authority of Papua New Guinea Questionnaire for profiling Provincial Fisheries Resources in Papua New Guinea Introduction Please find herewith a questionnaire which seeks to obtain information to help NFA in support of a project aiming to profile provincial fisheries and aquaculture activities. The questionnaire seeks to gather provincial feedback on the availability of data and other types of information relating to fisheries and aquaculture at provincial, district and local level. The information you provide will contribute to a better understanding of the what data and information is available and how to improve monitoring of the sector. This file The questionnaire is subdivided into six worksheets. All worksheets have been formatted for printing on letter format. Filling the questionnaire The questionnaire should be filled electronically (on a PC), and saved upon completion, using a file name which includes the name of your Province. All questions should be attempted, unless it is indicated in brackets that the respondent should move forward to the following section. There is only one single open question (on sheet A), while all other questions are responded to with a tick mark. it is suggested to use "x" as the tick mark in the grey tick boxes provided. Only one tick should be provided per question. Some of the questions include words or concepts marked by an asterisk (*). This indicates that the word or concept is explained and defined with more detail in the list below. If you encounter any problems with interpretation of the questions, or filling of the questionnaire, please contact the team leader of the mission by under pvnichols@gmail.com and you shall receive feedback promptly. It is expected that a senior officer can fill the questionnaire single-handedly in about 30 minutes. Deadline The team is working on the data gathering and analysis part of the mission from 28/11/2012 until 22/12/2012. Therefore, the questionnaire data must be retrieved by the 15/12/2012, in order to leave the team with the necessary time to pool and analyse the information. All questionnaires received by that date, plus the provinces visited by the mission, will provide the basis for forming an idea of available information and data available on capture fisheries and aquaculture across Papua New Guinea. Questionnaires submitted late cannot be considered, given the tight deadlines the mission is operating Submission Please submit the electronically saved file containing the completed answers to the team leader, Mr Paul Nichols (pvnichols@gmail.com), copied to Mr Steve Lindsay (Steve@iasaustralia.com) 18

135 A. Provincial maps (land and sea) & Provincial statistics Maps Are land maps available for the province showing physical infrastructure, location of fish landing sites, 1 aquaculture activities, major roads, etc.? Yes No 2 Are sea maps readily available, showing maritime borders, fishing grounds, protected areas, etc.? Yes No Statistics 3 Are population statistics available, by district/local level (by income type, e.g. fishers and their families)? Yes No 4 Are sociological data available (e.g. age structure, ethnic groupings, education, standards of living, incomes)? Yes No Geography 5 Is data available that shows areas of waters, lengths of coastlines, length/condition of road systems, etc.? Yes No Main industries Are the Province's main industries listed and well documented, including activities, production, employment 6 levels, etc.? Yes No Data availability/quality 7 In general, how would you rate the availability/quality of data required for the production of the profiles? Good Average Poor Non-existent Open question 8 Please provide your thoughts on what use a provincial fisheries profile would be to your department, in terms of planning, sector management, etc. 19

136 B. Planning, Admin & Management Registration 1 Does provincial legislation exist that requires registration of fishing vessels? Yes No 2 Does provincial legislation exist that requires registration of fishermen? Yes No 3 Does provincial legislation exist that requires registration of aquaculture facilities? Yes No Local data collection 4 What types of fisheries monitoring system does the Province have? (tick all that apply): System in place for collection of capture landings statistics System in place for collection of capture effort statistics System in place for aquaculture statistics Tax, fees, subsidies 5 Which of the following are in place in the province? (tick all that apply): Local taxation in general and for fisheries sector in particular Fees/duties related to fisheries (inland and marine) Fisheries/aquaculture license system Safety inspections 6 Does the province undertake inspections regarding either of the following? Inspection of fishing vessels for safety reasons Safety for workers at culture facilities Sector management 7 Does the province have authority to set management measures? (tick all that apply): Fishing access rights Fishing licences Planning approvals (e.g. EIA, costal zone developments) Total Allowable Catches Quotas Closed seasons Closed areas Fish size limits Other management measures 8 Has the Province developed regulations that specifically relate to any of the following? Marine capture fisheries Inland capture fisheries Aquaculture Environmental impact Coastal zone development, land use 9 Does the Province have a dedicated Monitoring, Control and Surveillance unit? Yes No 20

137 10 How would judge enforcement of fisheries/aquaculture legislation in the Province? (tick one box) Very good Good Average Poor Very poor How would you judge general compliance levels with provincial/national fisheries regulations (tick one 11 box)? Good Average Poor Non existent 12 How do you rate the number of Provincial fisheries staff and their technical competence? Severely constraining Constraining Adequate/sufficient 13 How do you rate the budget of the Provincial fisheries administration? Severely constraining Constraining Adequate/sufficient Does the fisheries administration maintain an up-to-date organogram, and details of staff (numbers, 14 qualifications, job descriptions)? Yes No Development 15 Does the Province operate any local initiatives aimed at the development of fisheries? Yes No Does the Province operate any schemes that support decommissioning of fishing vessels and other 16 fisheries investments? Yes No How would you rate Provincial/national efforts that support education/training of fishers, observers, 17 inspectors etc.? Very good Good Average Poor Non existent Inspection services 18 Does the Province undertake any of the following inspection services? (tick all that apply): Quality control of landings Post harvest regulation Inspection of processing plants Weather services 19 Does the Province provide a regular weather information service to fishers (for safety at sea)? Yes No 21

138 C. Marine Capture Fisheries Resource Base 1 Is recent stock level data available for all major exploited species? Yes No Fleets 2 Is data/information available on commercial fleets (boat numbers, gears, activities, etc.)? Yes No Is data/information available on subsistence/recreational activities (e.g. boat numbers, gears, 3 activities)? Yes No 4 Is data/information available on time series of catches, effort (CPUE etc.)? Yes No Fisher organisations 5 Is data/information available on fisher organisations (activities, membership numbers, etc.)? Yes No Infrastructure Is data/information available on landing site infrastructure (location, facilities available, activities, 6 throughput, etc.)? Yes No Commercial fisheries Is data/information available on commercial fishing/processing entities (location, facilities available, 7 activities, throughput, etc.)? Yes No Joint ventures 8 Are any commercial joint ventures based in your province? Yes No 9 If yes, does the Province keep detailed information on their structure and activities? Yes No Development potential 10 Has your province developed or analysed any of the following for marine fisheries? (tick all that apply): Fisheries development plans Assessment of problems and constraints Identification of development needs Assessment of under-utilised species offering development potential 22

139 D. Inland Capture Fisheries Resource Base 1 Is data/information available for all major exploited species? Yes No Fleets 2 Is data/information available on commercial fleets (boat numbers, gears, activities, etc.)? Yes No Is data/information available on subsistence/recreational activities (e.g. boat numbers, gears, 3 activities)? Yes No 4 Is data/information available on time series of catches, effort (CPUE etc.)? Yes No Fisher organisations 5 Is data/information available on fisher organisations (activities, membership numbers, etc.)? Yes No Infrastructure Is data/information available on landing site infrastructure (location, facilities available, activities, 6 throughput, etc.)? Yes No Commercial fisheries Is data/information available on commercial fishing/processing entities (location, facilities available, 7 activities, throughput, etc.)? Yes No Joint ventures 8 Are any commercial joint ventures based in your province? Yes No 9 If yes, is detailed information on their structure and activities available? Yes No Development potential 10 Has your province developed or analysed any of the follow for inland fisheries? (tick all that apply): Fisheries development plans Assessment of problems and constraints Identification of development needs Assessment of under-utilised species offering development potential 23

140 E. Aquaculture Species and methods 1 Indicate whether the province collects data/information relating to the following (tick all that apply): Location and culture methods Species cultured Annual production in value and weight Time series of number of production units Time series of production (hatcheries, grow-out facilities) Infrastructure and support 2 How would you rate each of the following types of support for aquaculture in the Province? Very good Good Average Poor Non-existent Scientific/applied research Education and training Demonstration facilities Feed production Seed production Government support Extension services Producer organisations Financing, insurance Aquaculture permitting & Planning 3 Does your Province have responsibility for any of the following? Land allocations (process) Yes No Permits, environmental impact assessments Yes No Aquaculture planning and management Yes No Socio-economic contribution Is data & information obtained on the social and economic contribution made by aquaculture to the 4 Province?: Direct/indirect employment (numbers, by sex) Yes No Economic multipliers (business spin-offs) Yes No Future development prospects 5 Has the province undertaken any data analysis on any of the following? (tick any that apply): Aquaculture development plans Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats facing the sector Problems and constraints analysis Assessment of sectoral development needs Assessment of the potential of species for culture Risk assessment & risk mitigation Land availability for aquaculture, carrying capacity, zoning Competition (marine production, aquaculture production in other countries) 24

141 Processing plant capacity F. Processing sector 1 Are there are fish processing plants in your province? Yes No 2 If so, does the province collect regular data on any of the following aspects? (tick all that apply) Production (quantity and quality) Employment Ownership Relationship to harvesting sector Relationship to merchants Import/Export Shipyards G. Support industries 3 Are there are shipyards in your province? Yes No 4 If so, does the province collect regular data on any of the following aspects? (tick all that apply): Types of shipyard Annual production (building/repair) of fishing vessels (number of vessels and tonnage) Employment Ownership 5 Does you province collect data on any of the following: Repair shops Annual activities and employment? Yes No Ice plants Annual activities and employment? Yes No Gear manufacturing Annual activities and employment? Yes No H. Merchants structure 6 Does the province collect regular data on any of the following aspects? (tick all that apply): Relationship to fishers Business relations between different merchants Merchant s ownership of vessels Type of sea products purchased Relationship to processing sector Involvement in export and/or sale on domestic market Loans to fishers 25

142 Annex 14: Model format for a provincial fisheries profile A- OBJECTIVE Stated objective of the profile and its intended use B- MAPS OF PROVINCIAL LAND AND WATER AREAS B.1. LAND MAP Capital and Major cities Districts, with major city Major Rivers/lakes/inland waterways All major Ports All major fish resource landing places & major local fish markets (marine and inland) Larger fishing villages Major roads Location of major fish processing industries Location of other major industries of relevance to fishing sector B.2. SEA MAP Borders of national/provincial waters Depth contours, bottom types Fishing grounds Distribution of fish species of major commercial interest. Fisheries regulation boxes (e.g. Areas closed for all fishing, trawling etc.) Marine Protected and Management Areas C- KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS Information sources (census, project activities) C.1. POPULATION Total Population Population by District / Local Level Government areas (Table) Population of fishers and families by District / Local Level Government areas (Table) Population of fisheries support personnel by District / Local Level Government areas (Table) C.2. SOCIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Demographic data (age distribution, family size, sex ration) Religion Ethnic groups Education (literacy levels, primary, secondary, tertiary education) Women s position in society Sanitary, housing and Health situation Fishers standard of living in general Income per capita Fishers alternative occupations 26

143 C.3. GEOGRAPHY Area of waters (EEZ, territorial sea, inland waterways, lakes) List of districts (Table main characteristics re water resources) River/lake districts? Length of provincial coastline, total and by district (Table) Road system C.4. MAIN INDUSTRIES List of main industries by province (summary employment and value of production) C.5. POLITICAL SYSTEM Structure of provincial, district, ward, local level governments, (with reference to clan family aspects) as well as councils, committees, decision makers in general Relationship between local and central administration. Sources of income to local administration Local legislation contra central legislation Representation of central administration C.6. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Province/local level government Institutions Administration Key departments, authorities, statutory bodies D- SECTORAL POLICY, PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT D.1. STRUCTURE OF THE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION Structure of provincial/ district/ Local Level Government fisheries administration (organogram, staff numbers and qualifications) Collaboration between central & provincial fisheries authorities Linkages between provincial government, wards and community governments D.2. OWNERSHIP OF PHYSICAL ASSETS Land owned/rented by Provincial fisheries administration & NFA Buildings owned/rented by Provincial fisheries administration & NFA Equipment owned/rented by Provincial fisheries administration & NFA D.3. REGISTRATION & LICENSING Registration & licensing system for vessels (provincial / district level marine and inland) Registration & licensing system for fishers (provincial / district level marine and inland) Registration & licensing system for aquaculture facilities (provincial / district level marine, brackish and inland) D.4. PROVINCIAL DATABASE SYSTEMS Fisheries monitoring system (data collection, coverage, data sources, who collects, institutional responsibilities/linkages, core functions of institutions regarding data, etc.) System in place for collection of capture landings statistics System in place for collection of capture effort statistics System in place for aquaculture statistics Database administration, development and training needs 27

144 D.5. TAX, FEES, DUTIES AND SUBSIDIES TO FISHERIES Local taxation in general and for fisheries sector in particular (e.g. exemptions, preferential rates) Fees/duties related to fisheries (inland and marine) Fisheries/aquaculture license system Any tax exemptions? Export or for import of fisheries related equipment etc. D.6. SAFETY Inspection of fishing vessels for safety reasons Safety for workers at culture facilities D.7. SECTOR MANAGEMENT Fisheries/aquaculture management (rights, licensing, planning approvals, technical measures, etc.) Acts and regulations (fisheries, aquaculture, environment, land use, etc.) Monitoring, Control & Surveillance Enforcement of fisheries/aquaculture legislation Compliance with legislation D.8. SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Provincial policy framework /development strategies for fisheries and aquaculture Development of fisheries (provincial initiatives) Decommissioning of fishing vessels and other fisheries investments Scientific/applied research Education/training of fishers, observers, inspectors etc. Fisheries extension services (subsidies/support given to fisheries) Details of current & past development partner projects/programmes main outcomes Quality control of landings Post-harvest regulation Inspection of processing plants D.9. INSPECTION OF WILD CAUGHT & CULTURED FISH PRODUCTS EIA regulations and monitoring of commercial operations (e.g. tuna canneries, larger markets) D.10. Authority and responsibility Legal power of authority Personnel (numbers, ) Equipment (vessels etc.) Stations and sub-stations Number of inspectors Registrations Security Surveillance operations OFFICERS AUTHORISED UNDER RELEVANT ACTS Communication and collaboration between compliance and control personnel D.11. WEATHER FORECASTS/SAFETY AT SEA SERVICES Meteorological information service (availability for fishers, safety at sea aspect) 28

145 E- MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES (INDUSTRIAL, SEMI- INDUSTRIAL, ARTISANAL) E.1. OVERALL STRUCTURE Brief description of fisheries, fleets, gears, target species For each resource (where data exists): Description of the fishery E.2. KEY FISHERIES (E.G. FIN FISH, SHELLFISH, OTHERS (SEA- CUCUMBER, ETC.) History & development of the fishery o o o o Time series of number of vessels. Time series of production, effort and CPUE Historical assessments of fisheries sector and resources Other historical statistics of fisheries Fleet structure (Number of vessels by fleet). Specify for each fleet: o o o o o o o o o o o o Base port(s) by season Type of construction (material of hull) Primary gear and secondary gear(s) Average dimension of vessels (length, depth, width) Average engine power (HP) Average crew size Hold capacity Means of preservation of catch Ownership(s) Navigation equipment Fish finding equipment Communication equipment Fishing & catch handling o o o o o o Catch utilisation o o o Description of fishing trips Seasonality of fishing Description of catching techniques (light attraction, bait, FAD-associated, group fishing e.g. pair trawling) Processing of catch on-board (e.g. Drying, cooking) Description of discarding practices Fishing grounds by season (migration of vessels) Description of landing procedure Description of sales arrangements Target species (groups) and by-catch species (groups) Finances o Sharing of profits o o o Income levels for fishers Investments in an average vessel of fleet Access to credit Record keeping by fishermen 29

146 o Routinely maintained records (notebooks, logbooks, sale-slips, accounting, etc.) Resource status - stock levels (established fisheries) Management / regulatory framework in place General description E.3. OTHER MARINE CAPTURE FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Numbers of active catching units (vessels, gear units) involved Names of landing places E.4. LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE Landings by fleet and commercial groupings Roads to landing places (Table) Facilities at landing places Population in landings places E.5. FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) Number of registered fishing groups in Province, by District, by type of organisation Number of members per organisation (per cent of total fisher population) Legal status Activities of organisation Power relative to government and industry Number of vessels Members contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight E.6. COMMERCIAL FISHING COMPANIES Names/ locations of fishing companies Ownership Number and types of Vessels Employment (land and sea based) Annual production in weight and value Relationship to processing sector Types of joint venture Number of vessels Number of fishers Activities E.7. JOINT VENTURES Contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight Development plans SWOT E.8. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS 30

147 Problems and constraints Development needs Prospects for developing under-utilised resources F- INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES F.1. OVERALL STRUCTURE Brief description of fisheries, fleets, gears, target species F.2. DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY History & development of the fishery o Time series of number of vessels. o o o Time series of production, effort and CPUE Historical assessments of fisheries sector and resources Other historical statistics of fisheries Fleet structure (Number of vessels by fleet). Specify for each fleet: o Primary gear and secondary gear(s) o o o o o Average dimension of vessels (length, depth, width) Average engine power (HP) Average crew size Means of preservation of catch Ownership(s) Fishing & Catch handling o o o Description of fishing trips Seasonality of fishing Description of catching techniques Catch utilisation o Description of landing procedure o o Finances o o o o Description of sales arrangements Target species (groups) and by-catch species (groups) Sharing of profits Income levels for fishers Investments in an average vessel of fleet Access to credit Record keeping by fishermen o Routinely maintained records (notebooks, logbooks, sale-slips, accounting, etc.) Resource status - stock levels (established fisheries) Management / regulatory framework in place General description F.3. OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Numbers of active catching units (vessels, gear units) involved 31

148 F.4. FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) Number of registered fishing groups in Province, by District, by type of organisation Number of members per organisation (per cent of total fisher population) Legal status Activities of organisations Power relative to government and industry Number of vessels Members contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight Names of landing places F.5. LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE Landings by fleet and commercial groupings Roads to landing places (Table) Facilities at landing places Population in landings places Development plans SWOT Problems and constraints Development needs F.6. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS Prospects for developing under-utilised resources G- AQUACULTURE Location and culture methods Species cultured G.1. OVERALL STRUCTURE G.2. ANNUAL PRODUCTION Annual production in value and weight and as percentage of compatible capture production G.3. HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT Time series of number of production units Time series of production (hatcheries, grow-out facilities, ) G.4. AQUACULTURE ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO- OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) Number of registered fishing groups in Province, by District, by type of organisation Number of members per organisation (per cent of total fish farmer population) Legal status Activities of organisations Power relative to government and industry Members contribution (fee, investment, share of profit) Annual production in value and weight 32

149 G.5. SUPPORT FOR AQUACULTURE Scientific/applied research Education and training Demonstration facilities Feed production Seed production Government support Extension services G.6. AQUACULTURE PERMITTING & LICENSING Land allocations (process) Permits, environmental impact assessments Aquaculture planning and management G.7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION Direct/indirect employment (numbers, by sex) Economic multipliers G.8. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS Development plans SWOT Problems and constraints Development needs Potential species for culture Risk assessment Land availability for aquaculture/zoning Competition (marine production, other countries) H- POST-HARVEST Utilisation (processing) Marketing (transport, storage, markets) Values and volumes of production (domestic and export markets) I- SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE Economic significance of fisheries and aquaculture in the province Provincial supply and demand for fish and fish products Relative importance of fish in terms of provincial food security Imports and Exports (volume, value, destination) Employment Rural development J- SUPPORT INDUSTRIES J.1. SHIP YARDS, BOAT BUILDING, REPAIR FACILITIES Types of facilities 33

150 Annual production (building/repair) of fishing vessels (number of vessels and tonnage) Employment Ownership Small fishing vessel support facilities J.2. REPAIR SHOPS Annual activities and employment J.3. ICE PLANTS Annual production and employment Ownership of ice production facilities J.4. GEAR MANUFACTURING Annual production and employment J.5. BUSINESS RELATIONS Relationship of support industries to fishers Hierarchy of merchants Merchant s ownership of vessels Type of sea products purchased Relationship to processing sector Involvement in export and/or sale on domestic market Access to finance, loans, preferential credit schemes for fishers and fish farmers K- REVIEW AND UPDATING OF THE PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE Mechanisms for keeping the profile updated L- LITERATURE / INFORMATION SOURCES ON THE PROVINCE S FISHERIES SECTOR Web-sites Documentation produced by development partner programmes, projects, etc. National Statistics NFA publications Provincial government publications Relevant provincial government web-sites and other information sources 34

151 Annex 15: Provincial Fisheries Profile East Sepik Province EAST SEPIK PROVINCE DRAFT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR PROFILE PAPUA NEW GUINEA DECEMBER

152 1 OBJECTIVE Past lessons learnt from development initiatives in the Papua New Guinean (PNG) fisheries sector (including marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture) have highlighted issues relating to the sustainability, reliability and credibility of data and other information types, sourced at provincial and sub-national levels. The development of Provincial Fisheries Sector Profiles, funded by the ACP Fish- II Programme of the European Union, is an attempt to address this problem and to identify ways and means to increase monitoring and dissemination at provincial level. The hope is that improved data monitoring systems, once established and maintained, will make up-to-date data available to investors, development partners, relevant government authorities and other interested in sustainable development and responsible management of fisheries resources in Papua New Guinea. This Fisheries Sector Profile for East Sepik Province is one of five example profiles, developed following a standard template that has been developed by the ACP-II Programme. 2 MAPS OF PROVINCIALLAND AND WATER AREAS East Sepik province is comprised of a number of small offshore coastal islands and coastal ranges dominate the landscape just inland of the coast with a total land area of 42,800km 2. The remainder of the province's geography is dominated by the Sepik River. 2.1 PROVINCIAL LAND MAP To be provided by Province. 2.2 PROVINCIAL SEA MAP To be provided by Province. 3 KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS The statistics presented in tabular form below are derived from a number of sources, as indicated in the bibliography. 36

153 3.1 POPULATION Total Population: Population growth rate: 2.2% Population by District / Local Level Ambunti Dreikikir: Government areas LLG = 4 Wards = 123 Population = Angoram, LLG = 5 Wards = 149 Population = Maprik: LLG = 4 Wards = 65 Population = Wewak; LLG = 5 Wards = 108 Population = Wosera Gaui; LLG = 4 Wards = 106 Population = Yangoru Saussia; LLG = 4 Wards = 96 Population = Population of fishers and families by District / Not Available Local Level Government areas Population of fisheries support personnel by Not Available District / Local Level Government areas Source 2000 Census 3.2 SOCIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Male (%) Female (%) Total 343, Less Than , Years Years 183, Older than 64 Years 95, Source 2000 Census, NRI 2010 Provincial concerns highlighted in the East Sepik s Provincial Development Plan (ESPDP) include: Accelerating population growth and pressure on arable land; High mortality rates; Development of informal settlements (squatters) in urban areas; Out-migration from rural to urban areas; Insufficient transport infrastructure and poor communication facilities; Limited access to safe drinking water; Inadequate governance with poor coordination; Cooperatives and aid posts not functioning; 37

154 Disintegration of traditional leadership structure; Increase in land disputes; High illiteracy rates; Widespread poverty problem complex; Malnutrition; Limited access to basic social services; Expansion of alcohol and drug related habits and incidents; Increase in sex related crimes and accidents; Domestic violence and child abuse; Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other diseases; Degrading traditional moral value; Common attitudes among residents to neglect the rule of law; Lack of vision and prospects among youth for their communities; Development of sense of segregation or marginalization among youth Demographic data (age distribution, family Not Available size, sex ratio) Religion Not Available Ethnic groups Not Available Education (literacy levels, primary, Not Available secondary, tertiary education) Women s position in society Not Available Sanitary, housing and Health situation: Not Available Fishers standard of living in general Moderate-good. Fishing undertaken on subsistence, artisanal or part-time commercial basis as supplement to numerous other incomes generating activities. Income per capita (Province) Fishers alternative occupations Source 2000 Census 3.3 GEOGRAPHY Provincial land area: Area of Territorial sea: Area of shelf (to 200 m depth) Inland waterways (rivers, lakes) Districts (geographical characteristics) 42,800 sq. km Not Available Not Available Not Available Coconuts, Food crops, Betel nuts, Cocoa, Coffee and fishing. Ambunti Dreikikir; Inland district Sepik River. Freshwater fisheries. Angoram; Coastal and Inland district including rives and Murik lakes. Freshwater and marine fisheries. Maprik; Inland district no large rivers. Freshwater fisheries. Wewak; Coastal, island and Inland district including marine estuarine and rives systems. Freshwater and marine fisheries. Wosera Gaui; Inland district access to the Sepik river Freshwater fisheries. 38

155 Length of provincial coastline Road system Source 2000 Census 3.4 MAIN INDUSTRIES Yangoru Saussia: Inland district access to the Nangan and Pasik rivers. Freshwater fisheries. Not Available Economic activities within the province include Coconuts, Food crops, Betel nuts, Cocoa, Coffee and fishing. % Engaged of total households % Engaged for cash of total households Coconuts Food Crops Betel Nuts Cocoa Coffee Fishing Not Available Not Available NRI, POLITICAL SYSTEM Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the provincial Governors. As is the case in all provinces, East Sepik Province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. The East Sepik Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). The Province is headed by an elected Governor (Sir Michael Somare) who is a regional member of the PNG National Parliament. East Sepik has 6 District Administrators/Open Members (each representing one of the six Districts in the Province) in the National Parliament. The next administrative level below District is Local level Governments (LLG). East Sepik has 26 LLGs. Each LLG is headed by an elected President. The next administrative level is a Ward. There are 647 wards within East Sepik with each Ward represented by elected Councillors who operate under the LLG President. Each Ward has a Ward Development Committee, comprising Ward Councillors appointed to different sectors. Ward Councillors form the LLG Assembly. Main revenue streams for the Province includes national government grants, as well as revenues raised at Provincial level through land taxes and head tax for all people over 18 years (at LLG level). Since 2009, the budget of the Department of Fisheries and marine Resources has varied per annum, allocated as follows: 39

156 2009 Recurrent By-catch marketing Special appropriation NFA grant under MOA Service Claim 2010 Recurrent Bi-catch ( for FAD dev.) Special appropriation NFA grant NFA funding under MOA 3.6 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE PGK 40, , , , , , , , , , Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the provincial Governors. As is the case in all provinces, East Sepik Province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. The East Sepik Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). 4 SECTORAL POLICY, PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT 4.1 STRUCTURE OF THE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION The primary organisation charged with administration, planning and management of coastal fisheries in the Province is the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources. The Provincial Adviser reports to the Provincial Ministry and has a total number of 14 staff members as of Dec 2012, (see table below). Position Number of Staff Fisheries Advisor 1 Fisheries Officers (full time) 6 Support Staff 4 Security Officers NFA OWNERSHIP OF PHYSICAL ASSETS IN THE PROVINCE Town Asset type Market Valuation (PGK) Wewak Land Buildings 10 x houses 264, , x Vacant Land 1 x Jetty/Wharf 337, , ,800, x Office Building 800, ,000, x Ice Making Plant 1,000, ,000, Industrial sheds/offices 2,000, Angoram 7 x houses 1 x Vacant Land 2 x Warehouses 3,000, , , , , ,

157 Ambunti 1 x houses 3, , x Vacant Land 5, Pagwi 4 x Houses 9, , Information provided by NFA asset register (2012). 4.3 REGISTRATION All commercial fishing operations and their vessels operating within Provincial waters are regulated including registration of fishing and support vessels with NFA. All subsistence and artisanal fishing vessel operating within the Provincial waters are not registered by the Province. Artisanal fishers and subsistence and small scale aquaculture farmers are not required to be registered at the Provincial, Local Level Government or Wards. However, fish farmers associated with the NFA lead Tilapia development programmes are registered for the purpose of coordination of development training and assistance. Commercial scale aquaculture would be registered and managed by NFA not by the province. 4.4 LOCAL DATA COLLECTION The Provincial fisheries are mandated to collect catch and effort data on both subsistence and artisanal fishing and aquaculture activities within the province. Data is currently not collected on any fisheries (coastal or inland) or aquaculture production system. No routine systems for collection for even basic fish capture or fishing effort is in place, or for aquaculture production in the Province. The lack of data prevents an understanding of fishing pressures, stock populations and the development of suitable sustainable management plans. Data is collected on commercial fishing operations undertaken within the Provincial waters by NFA (requirement of the fisher s licences). All data is housed with NFA. Data collected and stored by NFA is variable with most based on export figure (weigh) collected for each fishery. The sea cucumber fishery is an example fishery. Data storage, analysis and management protocols remain a function of NFA not the provincial government. Increased participation of provincial fisheries in these processes and information exchange needs to improve 4.5 TAX, FEES, DUTIES AND SUBSIDIES TO FISHERIES The Province does not apply any form of fees, duties or taxes to small-scale coastal fisheries, licensing or permitting systems or tax exemptions for import of equipment and spares for such fisheries or for the nascent aquaculture sector. Provincial revenues derived from this sector originate from taxes generated from commercial fishery and/or aquaculture businesses operating within the province. Taxes for these commercial operations are collected by the national government and dispersed throughout the nation. Taxes derived from these operations within the province are not paid directly to the Province administration. The extent to which East Sepik Province shares in the revenue generated from fishery activities within the extended jurisdiction boundary of the Province seaward into the territorial sea remains unclear, although the presence of such operations clearly have benefits. The Province certainly shares in the benefits of commercial fisheries operating within the provinces waters with the national government through the NFA. 4.6 SAFETY Provincial subsistence and artisanal fishers and non-commercial aquaculture operations are not regulated and thus do not have any government regulations on safety and OHS. Commercial operations, depending on the industry are regulated by national regulations and licence agreements. NFA has an enforcement and compliance officers assigned to this province to monitor the commercial fishing operations associated with South Sea tuna. 41

158 4.7 SECTOR MANAGEMENT Provincial subsistence and artisanal fisheries and aquaculture licensing and management systems (licensing, regulations etc.) are all but absent preventing long term sustainable development of these activities. Commercial operations undertaken within the Province are regulated by NFA. Sector management is the responsibility of the Provincial Fisheries Department, based in Wewak. Fisheries Sector goal: Income generating opportunities of coastal, island and inland fishing communities are assisted and encouraged to improve general living standard. Sectoral objectives: To develop our Artisanal Fisheries Sector that is both Sustainable and Profitable (East Sepik Provincial Strategic Plan): 1. To enhance administrative and management capacities to effectively implement and coordinate the development and management of the coastal and inland fishery resources in the province. 2. Conduct extension and advisory support to strengthen village base economy in improving local cash earning and employment opportunities within the fishing communities in the province through regular patrols and day visits. 3. Community Mobilization through formally identifying and recognizing coastal and inland fishery resource owners and empower them to actively participate to benefit from their fishery resources. 4. To know and understand the extent of our coastal and inland fishery resources in order to harvest and manage it in a sustainable manner, and to have up to date provincial information system. 5. To assist, identify and establish fish buying, selling and distribution centres at the district and LLG levels of the province which would have market access for marketing of fish products and to meet consumer demand. 6. To ensure planned annual program activity targets are met and the outcomes contribute to achieving program objectives that ensures desirable impact on fishing communities of both coastal and inland fisheries in the province. 7. To ensure fish is available at all times as a source of protein for all population in the province with other food crops under the food security program. The provincial fisheries clients are: Individuals & Families in the province. Cooperative Society Groups, Youth groups, Church groups, Women s group. Churches & NGO s. 4.8 DEVELOPMENT The East Sepik Provincial fisheries division is in the process of developing an Integrated Fisheries Development Policy which will be in line with Provincial development plan. Meanwhile, the Division has developed its work plan for 2012 and it has five main programs, which include: Management & Administration. Fisheries extension and advisory support services. Community mobilization & empowerment. Resource Capacity. 42

159 Monitoring & Evaluation. These programs have been further developed by the province into eight strategies which include; 1. Strengthen and enhance administrative and management capabilities for effective implementation and coordination of annual fisheries management plan. 2. Assist to change artisanal fishery to commercial fishing through regular extension patrols and day visits. 3. To mobilize our fishing communities in to recognize community based organisations and cooperative groups to actively participate in income generating activities. 4. To update our Provincial fishery resource data base for future sustainable management plan 5. Establish improved fish marketing and distribution centres at districts and LLGs levels in the province. 6. Ensure planned activity targets are met within resource budget. 7. To ensure fish is available as food for inland population of the province. Current major developments include: Coastal Fisheries Development Programme. Fish Market Project. Fisheries Cooperative Society Project. Inshore FAD development. Aquaculture Development. Fish Farm construction demonstration. Fish Farmer Training. Wewak Market and Fish Market Development Project. To further develop the fishery industry in the province, strategies formulated under the first East Sepik Provincial Development Plan ( ) ESPDP were: Support artisanal fisheries with organizational strengthening, skill training, micro finance for new equipment and development of market facilities and marketing outlets. Encourage fish farming of various kinds by private businesses with contract farming arrangements with fishermen. Conduct fishery resource inventory covering coastal, inland and brackish waters to assess the sustainable levels of fishery activities. Initiate proactive marketing of fishery products for both domestic and export markets. This will be further developed and focus on supporting artisanal fisheries in the province and conducting a fishery resource inventory whilst promoting fisheries export to domestic and overseas market. This will involve sourcing support from the National Fisheries Authority and other relevant stakeholders build capacity and promoting the sector. The Japanese bilateral assistance programme (JICA) designed, constructed and commissioned the Wewak market centre which provides a covered area for both agriculture and fisheries products to be traded. Japanese OFCF agency designed, constructed and commissioned the community based fisheries wharf, ice plant and freezer storage facility through NFA for the provincial fisheries sector. 4.9 INSPECTION OF WILD CAUGHT & CULTURED FISH PRODUCTS There are no Provincial regulations associated with inspection of subsistence and artisanal wild caught resource products for any purpose. Individual fishers and communities members regulate the health and condition of marketable products through selective purchasing. All commercial fishery operations 43

160 are governed by national laws and regulations monitored by NFA. NFA have several staff personnel based in Wewak to ensure the commercial fishing loining plant and vessels associated with the facility are compliant to PNG and international standards. Functions delegated by NFA to the Province under the terms of the MOA include: Audit & Certification Activities. Fisheries Monitoring, Control & Surveillance. Appraisal of proposals for funding. Industry liaison with license operators. Facilitating the recruitment & operation of on-board observers (industrial vessels) OFFICERS AUTHORISED UNDER RELEVANT ACTS No information was provided or available WEATHER FORECASTS/SAFETY AT SEA SERVICES The Provincial fisheries through radio and phone sources notify the general public of inclement weather conditions. The fisheries cooperative and its society members, when operating were used as an additional conduit to circulate this information. 5 MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES 5.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE FAO summarises the PNG fisheries resources as The small-scale fisheries of Papua New Guinea (PNG) reflect the diversity of the country s coastal environments. Along the mainland and high island coasts and in the smaller island communities fishing activities include the harvesting of the reef flats, spear fishing, shallow-water hand-lining from dugout canoes, netting, and trapping in the freshwater reaches of large rivers. In the swampy lowland areas net fisheries for barramundi, catfish, and sharks occur, while in the Gulf of Papua and parts of the Northern Islands Region there are also village-based lobster fisheries. Collection of invertebrates, both commercially (beche-de-mer, trochus and other shells) and for subsistence purposes is extensive, and may exceed finfish harvesting. Commercial shrimp-trawling operations take place in the Papuan Gulf and other parts of southern PNG. A small number of vessels use long line gear to catch sashimi-grade tuna for export to overseas markets by air. By far the largest fishery in the country is the purse seine tuna fishery, in which both locally-based and foreign-based vessels participate. Fisheries in the waters of PNG were categorized by FAO into six activities these include; coastal commercial, coastal subsistence, offshore locally based, offshore foreign based, freshwater and aquaculture. The marine fisheries have two very distinct components, offshore and coastal: Offshore fisheries are undertaken on an industrial scale by local and foreign purse seiners and long liners. There is also an industrial-scale shrimp fishery. In 2009 PNG reported to FAO a fishery fleet composed of 583 vessels, all larger than 12 m LOA, composed of 17 trawlers, 214 purse seiners, 83 trap setters, 30 long liners, 10 other type of liners, 153 multipurpose vessels and 76 other fishing vessels. Foreign flagged purse seiners also operate within the PNG EEZ. Coastal fishing is primarily carried out for subsistence purposes and or small scale artisanal fishing for sales in local markets. In addition, there are some coastal fisheries that are export oriented: beche-de-mer, lobster, and trochus (FAO, 2010). Within the East Sepik Province coastal fisheries development include both subsistence and artisanal fishers which are to be promoted from the highest level for people at ward areas to directly benefit in 44

161 terms of their actual participation. Cluster communities or groups have been identified to be greatly involved with fisheries resource development. The groups in the subsistence fishery catch resources for personal and or extended family consumption. In certain circumstance when excess fish is caught these resources may be traded or sold. These fishers use traditional fishing techniques in general. The largest fishing group involves the artisanal group who are mainly part time fishers that catch and utilise a proportion of fish for direct consumption and sell surplus to small markets at ward/village or to medium markets in town or growth centres. A wide range of traditional and modern equipment is used. The artisanal fishers whom fish as a full time living use outboard motors to access offshore reef areas, fishing grounds and/or utilise fish aggregating devices (FAD s). Their main markets would be the medium or the large main markets for fish sales. Currently these groups have to be properly organized in order to land large quantity of fish at local markets. The local fishing boats used in marine, coastal and inland water ways are not registered by the provincial government. The East Sepik Province has currently one commercial fishing operator utilising a land based facility in Wewak that produces tuna loins for export. The regulations and associated income generation derived from this operation all rests with the national government and NFA. The Provincial government does not collect data on subsistence or artisanal marine, coastal and inland water fisheries and therefore cannot provide stock information pertaining to current stock population s exploitation levels. All commercial fishery data collection programmes on resource utilisation within the provincial waters (e.g. sea cucumbers) are the responsibility of NFA. In general data collected is based on weight of product exported. 5.2 BECHE-DE-MER Sea cucumbers have a long history of exploitation in the East Sepik Province. Sea cucumbers have been an extremely important resource commodity in rural communities to increase opportunities for income development. PNG is now the third largest exporter of beche-de-mer in the world, with the majority of exports heading to the Special Administrative Region (SAR) of Hong Kong. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. This information is held by NFA which is responsible for the fisheries management and regulations. Data provided by NFA include; Year Volume (kg) , , , , , ,015 Source NFA data base NFA has gazetted the National Beche-de-mer Management Plan, for regulation and management of the beche-de-mer fishery in PNG. This management plan recommended an initial three year moratorium on the collection of all species for commercial use. This ban has just been extended for another three years to provide additional time to allow stock populations to recover from past exploitation levels. The province has endorsed the NFA decision to extend the total ban on the collection, sale and exporting of all species of Beche-de-mer. However, the Provinces have indicated that they wish to have greater input in all future discussions and the decision making process relating to this fishery. 45

162 5.3 MARINE GASTROPODS (TROCHUS, GREEN SNAIL) Trochus (Trochus niloticus) and to a lesser extent green snail (Turbo marmoratus) have been harvested commercially and for subsistence use within East Sepik communities for many years. The shell has been exported for use in the international button trade with waste shell used for a wide range of products (e.g. tiles, cosmetics). Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. This information is held by NFA whom are responsible for the fisheries management and regulations. Data provided by NFA for Trochus include: Year Volume (kg) , , , , , , , , ,089 Source NFA data base Both gastropod species are regulated and managed by NFA under specific pieces of legislation that include size limits, harvesting times, closed seasons and a ban on SCUBA and hooker use. The minimum harvestable size for trochus is 8 cm and the maximum size is 12 cm. The minimum size limit allows the trochus to reach sexual maturity, while the maximum size limit ensures that older specimens are not harvested, thus maximising reproduction. 5.4 GIANT CLAM No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.5 PEARL OYSTER No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.6 MOLLUSCS No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.7 CORAL, COASTAL, DEMERSAL DEEP-WATER AND LIVE REEF FINFISH Coral reef and coastal finfish in East Sepik Province belong to the overall Indo-west Pacific faunal community. The reef fishes are very similar to those inhabiting other areas within this vast region, stretching eastward from East Africa and the Red Sea to the islands of Micronesia and Polynesia. There is a wide range of fin fish species within the province with the majority harvested for subsistence, artisanal and in some cases commercial exploitation. These resources contribute to the food security of the communities of this province. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. Similar very limited information is collected by NFA on these fisheries with the exception of several of the commercially harvested fin fish species for the live food trade, aquarium and small scale fisheries (e.g. Spanish mackerel). All other fish data sold from the province is lumped together as fish. Export data of fin fish at the species level sold by commercial operators operating in the Province is collected. This information is based on weight only. There is no provincial level management of these resources. Data provided by NFA for finfish include: 46

163 Source NFA data base Year Volume (kg) The LRFFT is managed under the National Live Reef Food Fishery Management Plan. The plan imposes size limits, restrictions on 1) fishing methods (to hand-lining only by resource owners), 2) areas of operations, 3) reporting procedures, and 4) other requirements detailed in the plan. The plan prohibits 1) the export of undersized LRFFT species 2) fishing within or in close proximity to a declared spawning aggregation site or known recreational diving spots, 3) the use explosives, noxious substances (including cyanide and naturally derived substances in any form) for the purpose of killing, stunning, rendering disabled or capturing LRFFT species, and 4) the use of hookah gear or scuba gear for capturing LRFFT species. 5.8 TUNA Oceanic pelagic tunas such as skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga), and coastal inshore pelagic tunas such as mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) and long-tail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) are caught by subsistence, artisanal and commercial fishers within the East Sepik Province. These pelagic fish play a significant role in the food security of coastal and island people and small scale income opportunities. The provincial government does not regulate the species and therefore information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. The East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative Association when it was operating collected artisanal weight of these species traded through their operation. Data was not available. Commercial tuna fishing within the EEZ, archipelagic and coastal waters of PNG are well management under the National Tuna Fishery Management Plan and all data are held at NFA. Tuna fishing through the use of purse-seine and long line fisheries is by far the largest fisheries within PNG and generates considerable income opportunities to the nation. All commercial tuna fishing takes place outside of provincial waters. East Sepik province houses one commercial tuna loining plant which is discussed in section E21 of this report. 5.9 SHARKS Sharks have been targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the East Sepik Province for their fins and for food. Most landings are opportunistic with sharks caught when fishing for a range of resources. The subsistence and small scale artisanal shark fisheries are not regulated by the province nor national government. However, the commercial shark fin fishery is managed under the National Shark Long-line Management Plan, which allows for nine licensed long line vessels that specifically target sharks SPINY LOBSTER Spiny lobsters (Panulirus sp.) have been targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the East Sepik Province for food. No information was provided pertaining to this fishery. This fishery is regulated by the National Lobster Fishery Management Plan. This plan outlines several management regulations, including size limits, and the prohibition on taking berried (egg-bearing) female lobsters at any time of the year. All companies purchasing and exporting lobsters must be licensed by NFA. Minimum size and weight specifications apply to all species. 47

164 5.11 MUD CRAB The mud or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the East Sepik Province for food. No information was provided pertaining to this fishery. This fishery currently is not regulated either by the provincial or national government PRAWNS No information was provided pertaining to the harvest ad or trade of marine prawns and its fisheries in this province TURTLES All marine turtles found within East Sepik and the nation are listed on Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which means that the international trade in turtle species and their products is prohibited. Papua New Guinea is a signatory to CITES. In PNG, only the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea),is protected under the Fauna (Protection and Control) Act. Listing animals as "protected" turns them into state property and killing, purchasing or possessing a protected animal may incur fines of PGK /animal. No information was provided pertaining to the harvest and or trade of turtles within this province OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Game fishing General description Numbers of active catching units (vessels, gear units) involved The game fish fishery is in its infancy in PNG, although two large clubs operate out of Lae and Port Moresby, with smaller clubs in other provincial centres. These clubs in general are run and cater for expat communities and tourist. No information was provided on the establishment, frequency and operational activities of sport fishing within the East Sepik Province. Sport fishing is limited, with the majority of residence fishing for food security not for sport HISTORY OF MARINE FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Fishing groups are also encouraged to be more organized, innovative and seek appropriate advice on practical approaches in venturing into fisheries business. The sector has a fully operational co-operative society which the main business of mobilising and organising groups for registration, training of the members and eventually buying their catch for retail and wholesale market. Organization of primary fisheries co-operative societies will be a major task to be carried out in all the districts which currently only three are registered in the whole province LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE Subsistence fish resources are landed directly at the fisher s community and taken directly to their individual houses. All fish and marine resources traded are sold either directly from the fisher s boat and/or house at the community or through community based markets. Fishers in Wewak, the main township do utilise the new JICA constructed produce market and/or OFCF small scale fisheries wharf and ice plant/freezer storage facility to sell fish but the majority land their vessel in close proximity to villages (beaches, river) and sell this catch directly from their vessels FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the province to develop small scale fishers and aquaculture societies, cooperatives and associations to provide an avenue were small scale artisanal fishers can market their products and 48

165 maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout the nation and assistance through NFA and development partners will continue. Training on all aspects of management of cooperatives, infrastructure (e.g. building, ice machines, and freezers storage) and marketing have been provided. At the time of the in country visit by the consultants the East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative Association and its functions had been suspended due to internal issues with past executive members. These issues have been worked through and new elections have been scheduled to elect new representative and reinitiate the cooperative. The Fisheries Cooperative Association has over 60 societies (groups of fisherman or aquaculture farmers) registered. Another 40 or so additional societies have been organised but yet to register themselves. The majority of these societies (over 50) are associated with aquaculture farmers whom specifically culture GIFT Tilapia through the assistance of NFA (refer section G of this report). Each society members pay $20 Kina fee with each society registering with the association for an annual fee of $100 kina. The association main function is to purchase fish from the fisherman ($7 Kina for reef fish and $5 kina for small scale pelagic) and on sell them to the local markets. They wish to expand these functions to provide additional services such as fuel, fishing gears, equipment. The associations building (leased and funded by NFA) has limited storage for fish and no ice facilities. The cooperative collects basic data relating to weight of individual fish species landed, price paid by the cooperative and price sold to the general public. Unfortunately all past data records have been misplaced or lost by the previous management team and not available. The information had not been analysed for any purposes by the cooperative, provincial fisheries or NFA. Fishing societies members predominately troll for small pelagic and hand line for benthic reef fish. Reef and small scale pelagic fish species are sold at a higher value than the cultured Tilapia, this was indicative of the preference and better acceptance of these fish in the market place COMMERCIAL FISHING COMPANIES The commercial fishing company South Seas Tuna operates a loining plant at Wewak that currently produces 100 metric tonnes of cooked frozen loins per day. The plant utilises skip jack tuna, operates one shift per day, employs approximately 1350 staff directly for its operations and exports the majority of their product into EU markets for canning purposes. The company is foreign owned, began operations in 2004, does not have their own fishing vessel (all fishing undertaken by contracted fishing vessel) and currently have 14 fishing licences for PNG waters. Additional local employment and income opportunities result in the local service industry, including corporate responsible projects that include development projects associated with artisanal fishers. This includes the production and deployment of inshore water FADs to assist local artisanal fisher s access to pelagic fish stocks to increase their income opportunities for fish to be sold to the plant. Training programmes to support these initiatives are supported by the company. Accessing and retaining a skilled local work force and irregular power and water services have directly affected the company s production. Local port and docking services are inadequate to ensure shipping activities for all sectors to be undertaken efficiently. The tuna plant and vessel are compliant to all PNG and international regulations to ensure product is accepted and competitive in international markets JOINT VENTURES There are currently no joint fishing ventures operating within the Province FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through development plans has articulated the development of artisanal and small scale fisheries within the province. On the ground programmes remain small and yet to be fully implemented. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the 49

166 government and LLG and funds to undertake these programmes. Training and capacity building have been identified as major constraints. The recent NFA OFCF funded development and commissioning of the small artisanal ice plant and freezing facility in Wewak and Japanese funded produce market (agricultural and fish) are two major infrastructures development that have and will remain beneficial to the development of the artisanal fishing community. The development and training of artisanal fishers to fish and utilise FADS by the commercial tuna loining plant (South Seas Tuna) to on sell product caught to the commercial company will once fully implemented provide an avenue to increase income potentials and livelihoods for artisanal fishers. The marine, coastal and freshwater environments associated with this province play an essential role in providing subsistence and small scale income opportunities for the majority if not all communities within the province. Long term sustainable management of these resources needs to be a high priority to ensure benefits continue. 6 INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES 6.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE The province has considerable river (e.g. Sepik River) and freshwater systems that are used to support the communities through food security and small scale income generation. The inland capture fishery is predominately used for subsistence purposes utilising in the most part traditional fishing practise undertaken by both males and females. Fish resources over and above subsistence are either traded (barter) or sold within the communities. There are no fisheries currently operating for commercial purposes. Several non-endemic fin fish species have been introduced into the inland water systems of this Province (e.g. common carp, Pacu and tilapia) to provide additional subsistence food security and income generation opportunities. No information was provided to indicate risk assessments, EIA and community consultations were undertaken before these introductions. Their environmental effects on the natural systems are unknown. Potential tourist based fishing activities associated with the water ways has been highlighted by provincial government as potential income opportunities but have yet to be developed. Government lead (NFA and provincial) fish farming activities have been initiated (Refer to section G of this report). 6.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY There was no information provided associated with stock assessments and population dynamic of inland fish, fishers and natural resources. Traditional fishing techniques are predominately used to capture freshwater resources. This includes dugout canoes and small scale banana fibreglass boats and out board engines. A wide range of fishing techniques are used depending on the resource targeted and the environment in which they live. This includes, hand collecting (e.g. turtle shells form river beds), nets, hook and lines and spears. Documents pertaining to individual fisheries for inland waters were not available. 6.3 OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Information discussed above. 6.4 FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the province to develop small scale fishers and aquaculture societies, cooperatives and associations to provide an avenue where small scale artisanal fishers can market their products and maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout 50

167 the nation and assistance through NFA and development partners will continue. Training on all aspects of management of cooperatives, infrastructure (e.g. building, ice machines, and freezers storage) and marketing have been provided. Inland water capture fishers have had little participation in the East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative due mainly to the subsistence nature of theses fisheries. However a considerable number of aquaculture based societies have been developed and have been active members of the association. This is described in section G4 of this report. 6.5 LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE All fish and inland water resources are exchanged at the village/community level. In the larger communities this may be associated with small scale local produce markets or family owned roadside/riverside stalls 6.6 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through development plans has articulated the importance of inland fisheries and resources for food security and small scale income generation. They highlight the development of aquaculture as the basis to improve food security and in time generate income generation opportunities. Apart from aquaculture (described in section G of this report) little on the ground infrastructures (markets, landing sites, ice machine etc.) have been developed. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the government and LLG and funds to undertake these programmes. This is further complicated by the remoteness and isolation of these communities and the fact that other sectors (e.g. health, education, and infrastructure) take precedence. Training and capacity building have been identified as major constraints. The inland waters, their resources and environments play an essential role in providing subsistence and small scale income opportunities for all inland communities within the province. Long term sustainable management of these resources needs to be a high priority to ensure benefits continue. 7 AQUACULTURE 7.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE There are no commercial aquaculture production systems (marine, brackish or freshwater) currently or in the past operating within the province. Small scale freshwater aquaculture is active within the province and is almost entirely focussed on the culture of tilapia primarily for food security for isolated inland communities. The development of tilapia culture has been piloted by NFA who have provided funds, training and extension and assistance (technical and monetary) directly to the provincial fisheries staff and farmers. The current pilot programme has included the development of small (8 x 4 m) individual earthen ponds located throughout the Province. These operations are very small and designed to provide very low levels of animal husbandry with production goals aimed very much at the household level. These production systems are too small to be considered semi commercial and subsequently little if any trade is undertaken. However, both farmers and the Provincial authorities see aquaculture as a primary opportunity for increasing rural livelihoods and income generation opportunities and wish to expand the current production capabilities. Farmed tilapia and aquaculture in general is documented as a significant future income generating opportunity for inland communities. Provincial development plans reflect this. The Province with assistance with NFA has a small scale demonstration farm which is used as a training tool for new farmer. There is no production facility within the province and therefore access to fingerling to restock existing and new farms is problematic. Currently fingerlings are sourced directly from farmers from cultured stocks or imported from the government funded freshwater hatchery in the highlands. 51

168 7.2 ANNUAL PRODUCTION Detailed production figures are not available. Anecdotal sources suggest total provincial production of tilapia to be in kilograms rather than tonnes. Aquaculture is very much at the initial phase based almost exclusively on subsistence farming practises. 7.3 HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT Aquaculture activities within the Provinces are limited. From reports provided to the team and information gained through discussions a commercial company investigated the potential to cultivate the black tiger prawn north of Wewak and undertook a number of feasibilities studies. No firm plans for establishment of Penaeid farming have been adopted. Tilapia culture commenced as a result of initiatives by NFA to increase food security and rural livelihoods. Development to date has been very slow. 7.4 AQUACULTURE ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the province to develop small scale aquaculture societies to join a cooperative to provide an avenue where aquaculture producers can market their products and maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout the province and nation through funding and technical assistance from NFA and development partners. As a result of this programme the Fisheries Cooperative Association of East Sepik has over 50 registered aquaculture societies. These aquaculture societies culture tilapia. Currently these societies have yet to produce a consistent supply of culture fish and subsequently market very few fish through their societies. Nevertheless once production increases and farmed products exceed food security requirements the aquaculture societies are seen as an important conduit to market products and generate incomes. 7.5 SUPPORT FOR AQUACULTURE Applied research in support of aquaculture has been undertaken by NFA through their work-plan and budgets, and also with financial support provided by development partners (e.g. ACIAR). Research has included feed development, hatchery techniques, grow-out methodologies, assistance in planning and development. This information through extension and training programmes has been delivered by NFA to provincial fisheries staff and farmers. Specific details on the number of training programmes and farmers trained are not available. 7.6 AQUACULTURE PERMITTING & LICENSING The Province currently has no regulatory role in permit and license matters relating to aquaculture, nor do they have regulative powers attached to environmental impact assessments in the province. These roles lie with NFA. The province has yet to develop specific aquaculture development plans, protocols, guidelines, risk assessments and the like to ensure long term management of this developing industry. Similarly no information was provided associated with economic assessments on the viability of Tilapia farming and/or additional potential species. 7.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION Tilapia farming has contributes positively to the food security of those households that engaged in tilapia farming. However, no data are currently collected regarding production, employment, or economic significance of fish farming. 7.8 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through its development plans have articulated the importance of aquaculture for the basis to improve long term food security and small scale income generation opportunities for inland communities within the province. Apart from the financial and technical assistance provided by NFA 52

169 under the Project Development Fund (PDF) Scheme to develop the culture of Tilapia little long term development planning has been finalised. The Province recognises the need to formulate a development planning framework but certainly requires sustained and long-term assistance in this endeavour. This first requires careful consideration of constraints, problems, the relative strengths and opportunities, together with weaknesses and threats facing the development of aquaculture in the Province. No risk analysis has yet been undertaken. At the policy level, no clear policy has been articulated for aquaculture, although it is mentioned in passing in sectoral development plans. No work has yet been conducted to examine local or indigenous species that might offer culture potential. The presence of industrial fish processors within the Province, offer the potential for sourcing fish meal for fish feed, and thus constitutes a significant potential productive advantage, that requires careful analysis. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the provincial government, LLG and farmers and funds to undertake these programmes. This is further complicated by the remoteness and isolation of these communities and the fact that other sectors (e.g. health, education, and infrastructure) take precedence. Training, capacity building, access to consistent supply of fingerlings, cheap and reliable access to feed and markets have been identified as major constraints. 8 POST-HARVEST Small fish markets are located in main District centres. The fish market network in the Province is generally poor and ad hoc due to a lack of infrastructure. 9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE No information. 10 SUPPORT INDUSTRIES 10.1 SHIP YARDS, BOAT BUILDING, REPAIR FACILITIES There is no commercial scale fishing based repair operations within the province. Small scale out board engine and boat repair operations does exist in the urban centres REPAIR SHOPS There is no commercial scale fishing based repair operations within the province. Small scale out board engine and boat repair operations does exist in the urban centres ICE PLANTS Fishers in Wewak, the main township purchase ice from the OFCF-NFA funded provincial small scale fisheries wharf and ice plant/freezer storage facility. Throughout the province small scale operators do sell small amounts of ice to the communities of which a proportion is used for fishing purposes GEAR MANUFACTURING There is no fishing gear or equipment manufacturing within the Province BUSINESS RELATIONS The Provincial fisheries on behalf of NFA undertake a number of regulative functions and information gathering activities associated with the commercial fishing operations within the 53

170 province, Most of these activities are associated with the large scale tuna processing facility and their associated purse-seine vessel. All regulations are managed by NFA. No analysis on the relationship between the fisheries sector and the wider business community appears to have been undertaken. Access to finance by stakeholders, ranging from fishers to traders, is reported as a constraint due to the high cost of borrowing but detailed figures on this factor are not available. 11 REVIEW AND UPDATING OF THE PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE To be decided by the Province. 12 INFORMATION SOURCES ON THE PROVINCE S FISHERIES SECTOR The lists of publications below were used to obtain information and data for this profile. ADB (2009). Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Completion Report.30p. Coates, D. (1996). Diffey, S. (2005). FAO (2009). Review of the Present Status of, and Constraints to, Inland Fisheries Development: the Pacific Island counties. IPFC Working Party of Experts on Island Fisheries, RAPA, Bangkok. Market and Market Linkages Study. Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project, National Fisheries Authority, Government of Papua New Guinea, and the European Union. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics: Food balance sheets. In: FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics Rome, FAO. pp FAO (2010). National Fishery Sector Review, Papua New Guinea. 20p. Gillett, R & I. Cartwright. (2010). Gillett, R. (2010). Gillett, R. (2011). Gumoi, E., Kavanamur, D., Aloi, D. and Okole, H. (2004). Hunt, C (2001). The future of Pacific Island fisheries. (FFA & SPC). 46 p. Fisheries Centres in the Pacific Islands: Lessons Learned. SPC Newsletter 133, 6p. Fisheries of the Pacific Islands Regional and national information. FAO. 290p. Rapid rural appraisal of the Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). University of Papua New Guinea, 146p. The Capture of national and local sustainable benefits from Pacific Marine Resources. National research Institute, PNG. Paper to the UNTAD Workshop: Commodity-based Development in Pacific Island Countries, Sept Kailola, P. (1995). Fisheries Resources Profiles: Papua New Guinea. Report no. 95/45, Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara, Solomon Islands. 445 p. Kinch, J. (2004). A Review of the Beche-de-mer Fishery and its Management in Papua New Guinea. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. 54

171 NFA (2007). NFA (2001). A review of fisheries and marine resources in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. 44 p. National Beche-de-mer Management Plan. PNG National Government: Port Moresby. NFA (2008). The National Fisheries Authority Corporate Plan National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby. NFA (2010). NFA (2010). NFA (2012). NRI (2010). National Statistics Office. (2000). PNG (2010). PNG (2010). Preston, G. (2001). Provincial Fisheries Advisors Conference, Alotau, Milne Bay. Power Point Presentations. Draft Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and East Sepik Provincial Government. 26p. Coastal Fisheries Development Mini Symposium. Provincial Fisheries Profiles. Power Point Presentations. Papua New Guinea District and Provincial Profiles. National Research Institute. 190p. National Population Census. National Statistics Office: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. PNG Development Strategic Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. PNG Medium Term Development Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. A Review of the PNG Fisheries Sector. Gillett, Preston and Associates for the Asian Development Bank. 55

172 Annex 16: Provincial Fisheries Profile Madang Province DRAFT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR PROFILE MADANG PROVINCE PAPUA NEW GUINEA DECEMBER

173 1 OBJECTIVE Past lessons learnt from development initiatives in the Papua New Guinean fisheries sector (including marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture) have highlighted issues relating to the sustainability, reliability and credibility of data and other information types, sourced at Provincial and sub-national levels. The development of Provincial Fisheries Sector Profiles, funded by the ACP Fish- II Programme of the European Union, is an attempt to address this problem and to identify ways and means to increase monitoring and dissemination at provincial level. The hope is that improved data monitoring systems, once established and maintained, will make up-to-date data available to investors, development partners, relevant government authorities and other interested in sustainable development and responsible management of fisheries resources in Papua New Guinea. This Fisheries Sector Profile for Madang Province is one of five example profiles, developed following a standard template that has been developed by the ACP-II Programme. 2 MAPS OF PROVINCIAL LAND AND WATER AREAS 2.1 LAND MAP 57

174 2.2 SEA MAP 58

175 3 KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS The statistics presented in tabular form below are derived from a number of sources, as indicated. 3.1 POPULATION Total Population: 365,106 Population growth rate: 2.7% Population by District / Local Level Government areas Bogia: LLG = 3 Wards = 90 Population = Madang, LLG = 3 Wards = 49 Population = Middle Ramu: LLG = 4 Wards = 94 Population = Rai Coast; LLG = 4 Wards = 84 Population = Sumkar; LLG = 2 Wrds = 64 Population = Usino Bundi; LLG = 3 Wrds = 70 Population = Population of fishers and families (by District / LLG) Not Available Population of fisheries support personnel (by District / LLG) Not Available 3.2 SOCIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Male (%) Female (%) Total 365, Less Than 15 Years 160, Years 198, Older than 64 Years 6, Source 2000 Census, NRI GEOGRAPHY Provincial land area: 253,195 Area of Territorial sea: Not Available Inland waterways (rivers, lakes) Not Available Districts (main characteristics re water Bogia: resources) River/lake districts? Coastal, Islands and Inland district including rives (Ramu) and coast fringed with coastal ranges (Ruboni and Adelbert). Mainly marine/coastal fisheries. 59

176 Length of provincial coastline Road system 3.4 MAIN INDUSTRIES Madang: Coastal, Islands and Inland district with coastal ranges (Adelbert Range, Gogol Valley and Upper Sogeram Valley). Mainly marine fisheries. Middle Ramu: Inland district access to rivers and freshwater fisheries. Rai Coast: Coastal, Islands and Inland district with coastal ranges. Mainly marine fisheries. Sumkar: Coastal, Islands and Inland district with coastal ranges. Mainly marine fisheries. Usino Bundi: Inland district access to rivers and freshwater fisheries. Not available Not available Economic activities within the Province include Food Crops, Betel Nuts, Coconuts, Cocoa and Livestock. % Engaged of total % Engaged for cash of total households households Food Crops Betel Nuts Coconuts Cocoa Livestock NRI, POLITICAL SYSTEM Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s Provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the Provincial Governors. As is the case in all provinces, Madang Province is responsible for its own Provincial assembly and administration. The Madang Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). Madang Province is headed by an elected Governor, who is a regional member of the PNG National Parliament. Madang Province has 6 District Administrators/Open Members (each representing one of the six Districts in the Province) in the National Parliament. The next administrative level below District is Local level Governments (LLG). Madang Province has 19 LLGs, of which 18 are rural and 1 is urban (Madang). Each LLG is headed by an elected President. The next administrative level is a Ward. There are 451 wards within Madang Province with each Ward represented by elected Councillors who operate under the LLG President. Each Ward has a Ward Development Committee, comprising Ward Councillors appointed to different sectors. Ward Councillors form the LLG Assembly. 60

177 Main revenue streams for the Province includes national government grants, as well as revenues raised at Provincial level through land taxes and head tax for all people over 18 years (at LLG level). Fisheries Re-current expenditure, 2010 (1000s of Kina): Travel & Subsistence 12.0 Utilities 10.0 Office materials and supplies 5.0 Operational materials and supplies 5.0 Transport and fuel 10.0 Routine maintenance expenses 3.0 Other Operational expenses 5.0 Total: ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Number of districts 6 Number of Local Level Governments 19 (18 rural, 1 urban) Number of wards 451 Number of members 489 Constraints facing the fisheries: Lack of peoples participation. Lack of extension services. Lack of dissemination of technical information. Lack of access to credit facilities. Shortage of manpower and lack of qualified manpower. Lack of program oriented training. Lack of logistics. Recent funding requests to NFA from the Province for support to have additional Provincial staff based in each of the district to be used as extension staff to assist in the development of marine, coastal and inland activities has been submitted. NFA have provided considerable training to provincial fisheries staff. 4 SECTORAL POLICY, PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT 4.1 STRUCTURE OF THE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION The primary organisation charged with administration, planning and management of coastal fisheries in the Province is the Fisheries Department. The Director of Fisheries reports to the Provincial Ministry and has a total Staff establishment, as of Dec 2012, of 11 persons (see table below) of which 8 positions were filled. Position Director 14 District Fisheries Coordinator 12 Grade 61

178 Position Grade Enforcement Coordinator 12 Coastal Fisheries Development Officer 11 Inland Fisheries Development Officer 11 District Fisheries Officer - Bogia 10 (currently vacant) District Fisheries Officer - Madang 10 (currently vacant) District Fisheries Officer - Raicoast 10 District Fisheries Officer - Sumkar 10 District Fisheries Officer - Middle Ramu 10 (currently vacant) District Fisheries Officer - Usino Bundi 10 (currently vacant) Executive Assistant 8 Driver 1 Cleaner 1 Unattached Officers 2 The coastal section of the Provincial fisheries major focus is the assistance and development of the small scale fisheries within the Province. Limited funding access and staffing hinders this development. Improvements associated with access to new equipment, fishing gear, boats fishing techniques, landing sites/markets are identified as key issues. The coastal section does not currently have policies, development plans and guidelines developed, however it is acknowledged that much of this information is well known it just has not been documented. The lack of documentation identifying these issues is a constraint to the development of the province especially in accessing funds. 4.2 OWNERSHIP OF PHYSICAL ASSETS The following is a listing of assets owned by NFA in the Province: Town Asset type Market Valuation (PGK) Land Buildings Madang Coastal fishing station 138, ,000 Madang 2 x jetties 54, ,000 Madang 2 x L40 residences n.a. n.a. Madang 1 x residence and fence 19,000 60,000 Madang 1 x H55 residence 32, ,500 Source: NFA database. 4.3 REGISTRATION & LICENSING All commercial fishing operations and their vessels operating within Provincial waters are regulated including registration of fishing and support vessels with NFA. All subsistence and artisanal fishing vessel operating within the Provincial waters are not registered by the Province. Artisanal fishers and subsistence and small scale aquaculture farmers are not required to be registered at the Provincial, Local Level Government or Wards. However, fish farmers associated with the NFA lead Tilapia development programmes are registered for the purpose of coordination of development training and assistance. Commercial scale aquaculture would be registered and managed by NFA not by the Province. 4.4 PROVINCIAL DATABASE SYSTEMS The Provincial fisheries are mandated to collect catch and effort data on both subsistence and artisanal fishing and aquaculture activities within the province. Data is currently not collected on any fisheries 62

179 (coastal or inland) or aquaculture production system. No routine systems for collection for even basic fish capture or fishing effort is in place, or for aquaculture production in the Province. The lack of data prevents an understanding of fishing pressures, stock populations and the development of suitable sustainable management plans. Data is collected on commercial fishing operations undertaken within the Provincial waters by NFA (requirement of the fisher s licences). All data is housed with NFA. Data collected and stored by NFA is variable with most based on export figure (weigh) collected for each fishery. The sea cucumber fishery is an example fishery. Data storage, analysis and management protocols remain a function of NFA not the Provincial government. Increased participation of Provincial fisheries in these processes and information exchange needs to improve. The recently developed Madang Fishing Society collects data of fish landed and sold by their members. Therefore, no information available to understand current fishing pressure nor available to implement management decisions. Little effort is placed on the collection of catch and effort data to be used to manage these fisheries. Development and expansion of all fisheries is constantly spoken about. The data in most cases is not available to justify expansions of current fisheries. 4.5 TAX, FEES, DUTIES AND SUBSIDIES TO FISHERIES The Province does not apply any form of fees, duties or taxes to small-scale coastal fisheries, licensing or permitting systems or tax exemptions for import of equipment and spares for such fisheries or for the nascent aquaculture sector. Provincial revenues derived from this sector originate from taxes generated from commercial fishery and/or aquaculture businesses operating within the Province. Taxes for these commercial operations are collected by the national government and dispersed throughout the nation. Taxes derived from these operations within the Province are not paid directly to the Province administration. The extent to which Madang Province shares in the revenue generated from fishery activities within the extended jurisdiction boundary of the Province seaward into the territorial sea remains unclear, although the presence of such operations clearly have benefits. The Province certainly shares in the benefits of commercial fisheries operating within the Provinces waters with the national government through the NFA. 4.6 SAFETY Provincial subsistence and artisanal fishers and non-commercial aquaculture operations are not regulated and thus do not have any government regulations on safety and OHS. Commercial operations, depending on the industry are regulated by national regulations and licence agreements. NFA has an enforcement and compliance officers assigned to this province to monitor the commercial fishing operations associated with RD tuna. 4.7 SECTOR MANAGEMENT Access to transport and funds to maintain them, hinders the ability of the officers to engage with communities and fishers within the Province. This is seen as an impediment to the development of fisheries. All management regulations are developed by NFA with enforcement limited. All management regulations are developed by NFA and the Province adopts. Enforcement of these regulations is less than ideal however they have only one staff and he is doing a good job. There are no provincial regulations for fishing boats, fisherman and aquaculture; however the Province can develop these if needed. The province has identified a review of national regulations and amendments to suit the Province are needed. One exception is with the sea cucumber fisheries where the Province has indicated they will review national management plans and regulations but wish to be included in all discussions/reviews and wish to have the right to develop their own. Recent assessment within the Province indicated that three commercial species were not recorded, hinting at major 63

180 overharvesting. They support the extension of the three year ban on this fishery. No documentation was provided. Community led, Locally Managed Marine Areas (LMMA) is situated within the Province. The development of these LMMA has been in part associated with NGO assistance. Most are small community/village owned areas that are in general non extraction areas designated by the resource owners. The Province does not have any data if these areas collect any scientific based data to provide evidence if they are assisting in protecting and enhancing nature stock populations of specific resources. Fisherman in general are compliant with regulations, however enforcement at the subsistence and artisanal level of extraction is all but absent. Additional training and support is required for staff to be able to undertaken their tasks. Not enough staff and therefore this is a hindrance. 4.8 SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Fisheries sector goal: Sustainable development and management of coastal and inland resources in provincial waters to generate cash income and food security to enhance the livelihoods of the rural population (Anguru, pers. com., 2012). Sectoral objectives: 1. Improve Capacity of Provincial and District Fisheries sector performance. 2. Improve and increase fish production in Madang Province. 3. Improve current fish marketing operation and infrastructure facilities. 4. Promote and Develop Aquaculture in the Province. 5. The Madang Provincial Fisheries Policy is currently in draft form and has to be endorsed and approved through the normal administrative and organizational procedures when it finally gets approval. 6. The Provincial Fisheries Policy will drive all the activities in fisheries development and enhancement in Madang Province. 7. The farmer to farmer extension services model approach to be adopted from the agriculture sector to compliment exchange or transfer of skills and know-how to promote fish culture. 8. Identification, recommendation and eventual acquiring of suitable fishing craft for coastal artisanal fisheries development by ward communities at both district and urban areas using the best approach in assisting cluster or community groups to have easy access to fisheries development credit funds. 9. This and other activities in the sector will form the foundation of the provincial fisheries policy and that revenue will be generated from and through fisheries business. The Provincial fisheries department lists the following sector programmes: Provincial Fisheries Administration and Management. Coastal Fisheries Development. Monitoring Control (Compliance) Surveillance (MCS). Fisheries Officers Training. Current major developments: Coastal Fisheries Development Programme o Village Fisheries Credit Scheme Pump Boat Project o Fish Market Project o Fisheries Cooperative Society Project 64

181 o Women in Fisheries Business o Community Base Fisheries Management Aquaculture Development o Fish Farm construction demonstration o Fish Farmer Training. o Hatchery development and fingerling supply Industry Development o Pacific Marine Industrial Zone (PMIZ) Project Madang Market and Fish Market Development Project The PNG Marine School in Madang provides more advanced and officer-level vocational training for the merchant shipping. Japanese (JICA) have assisted the province to build small ice plants and fish landing facility at the Provincial building. This facility is currently leased to NFA to provide an operational base for the fisherman society (see meeting with society for additional information). Plans have been agreed for JICA to build a new fish market/wharf for the Province. 4.9 INSPECTION OF WILD CAUGHT & CULTURED FISH PRODUCTS There are no Provincial regulations associated with inspection of subsistence and artisanal wild caught resource products for any purpose. Individual fishers and communities members regulate the health and condition of marketable products through selective purchasing. All commercial fishery operations are governed by national laws and regulations monitored by NFA. NFA have several staff personnel based in Madang to ensure the commercial fishing loining plant and vessels associated with the facility are complaint to PNG and international standards. Functions delegated by NFA to the Province under the terms of the MOA include: Audit & Certification Activities. Fisheries Monitoring, Control & Surveillance. Appraisal of proposals for funding. Industry liaison with license operators. Facilitating the recruitment & operation of on-board observers (industrial vessels) OFFICERS AUTHORISED UNDER RELEVANT ACTS Enforcement is regulated by national regulations and laws. Enforcement is undertaken with the Police. Main functions are compliance associated with the commercial fishing operations within the provinces. Illegal fishing practices e.g. dynamite is remains an on-going issues. Only one staff member at the Provincial levels works in enforcement. No enforcement vessel and therefore problematic for the enforcement officer when required to travel in a timely manner. The staff member has undertaken training at the NFA training College in Kavieng and has been on training exchange in Darwin with AMSA WEATHER FORECASTS/SAFETY AT SEA SERVICES The Provincial fisheries through radio and phone sources notify the general public of inclement weather conditions. The fisheries cooperative and its society members, when operating were used as an additional conduit to circulate this information. 65

182 5 MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES (INDUSTRIAL, SEMI- INDUSTRIAL, ARTISANAL) 5.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE FAO summarises the PNG fisheries resources as The small-scale fisheries of Papua New Guinea (PNG) reflect the diversity of the country s coastal environments. Along the mainland and high island coasts and in the smaller island communities fishing activities include the harvesting of the reef flats, spear fishing, shallow-water hand-lining from dugout canoes, netting, and trapping in the freshwater reaches of large rivers. In the swampy lowland areas net fisheries for barramundi, catfish, and sharks occur, while in the Gulf of Papua and parts of the Northern Islands Region there are also village-based lobster fisheries. Collection of invertebrates, both commercially (beche-de-mer, trochus and other shells) and for subsistence purposes is extensive, and may exceed finfish harvesting. Commercial shrimp-trawling operations take place in the Papuan Gulf and other parts of southern PNG. A small number of vessels use long line gear to catch sashimi-grade tuna for export to overseas markets by air. By far the largest fishery in the country is the purse seine tuna fishery, in which both locally-based and foreign-based vessels participate. Fisheries in the waters of PNG were categories by FAO into six activities these include; coastal commercial, coastal subsistence, offshore locally based, offshore foreign based, freshwater and aquaculture. The marine fisheries have two very distinct components, offshore and coastal: Offshore fisheries are undertaken on an industrial scale by local and foreign purse seiners and long liners. There is also an industrial-scale shrimp fishery. In 2009 PNG reported to FAO a fishery fleet composed of 583 vessels, all larger than 12 m LOA, composed of 17 trawlers, 214 purse seiners, 83 trap setters, 30 long liners, 10 other type of liners, 153 multipurpose vessels and 76 other fishing vessels. Foreign flagged purse seiners also operate within the PNG EEZ. Coastal fishing is primarily carried out for subsistence purposes and or small scale artisanal fishing for sales in local markets. In addition, there are some coastal fisheries that are export oriented: beche-de-mer, lobster, and trochus (FAO, 2010). Within the Madang Province coastal fisheries development include both subsistence and artisanal fishers which are to be promoted from the highest level for people at ward areas to directly benefit in terms of their actual participation. Cluster communities or groups have been identified to be greatly involved with fisheries resource development. The groups in the subsistence fishery catch resources for personal and or extended family consumption. In certain circumstance when excess fish is caught these resources may be traded or sold. These fishers use traditional fishing techniques in general. The largest fishing group involves the artisanal group who are mainly part time fishers that catch and utilise a proportion of fish for direct consumption and sell surplus to small markets at ward/village or to medium markets in town or growth centres. A wide range of traditional and modern equipment is used. The artisanal fishers whom fish as a full time living use outboard motors to access offshore reef areas, fishing grounds and/or utilise fish aggregation devices (FAD s). Their main markets would be the medium or the large main markets for fish sales. Currently these groups have to be properly organized in order to land large quantity of fish at local markets. The local fishing boats used in marine, coastal and inland water ways are not registered by the provincial government. 66

183 The Madang Province has currently one commercial fishing operator utilising a land based facility in Madang that produces tuna loins and cans for export. The regulations and associated income generation derived from this operation all rests with the national government and NFA. The Provincial government does not collected data on subsistence or artisanal marine, coastal and inland water fisheries and therefore cannot provide stock information pertaining to current stock population s exploitation levels. All commercial fishery data collection programmes on resource utilisation within the provincial waters (e.g. sea cucumbers) are the responsibility of NFA. In general data collected is based on weight of product exported. Fishing groups are also encouraged to be more organized, innovative and seek appropriate advice on practical approaches in venturing into fisheries business. The sector has a fully operational co-operative society which the main business of mobilising and organising groups for registration, training of the members and eventually buying their catch for retail and wholesale market. Organization of primary fisheries co-operative societies will be a major task to be carried out in all the districts which currently only three are registered in the whole Province. 5.2 BECHE-DE-MER Sea cucumbers have a long history of exploitation in the Madang Province. Sea cucumbers have been an extremely important resource commodity in rural communities to increase opportunities for income development. PNG is now the third largest exporter of beche-de-mer in the world, with the majority of exports heading to the Special Administrative Region (SAR) of Hong Kong. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. This information is held by NFA whom are responsible for the fisheries management and regulations. Data provided by NFA include; Year Volume (kg) , , , , , ,240 Source NFA data base NFA has gazetted the National Beche-de-mer Management Plan, for regulation and management of the beche-de-mer fishery in PNG. This management plan recommended an initial three year moratorium on the collection of all species for commercial use. This ban has just been extended for another three years to provide additional time to allow stock populations to recover from past exploitation levels. The Province has endorsed the NFA decision to extend the total ban on the collection, sale and exporting of all species of Beche-de-mer. However, the Provinces has indicated that they wish to have greater input in all future discussions and the decision making process relating to this fishery. 5.3 MARINE GASTROPODS (TROCHUS, GREEN SNAIL) Trochus (Trochus niloticus) and to a lesser extent green snail (Turbo marmoratus) have been harvested commercially and for subsistence use within Madang Province communities for many years. The shell has been exported for use in the international button trade with waste shell used for a wide range of products (e.g. tiles, cosmetics). 67

184 Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. This information is held by NFA whom are responsible for the fisheries management and regulations. Data provided by NFA for Trochus and green snail include; Year Trochus Volume (kg) Green Snail Volume (kg) , , , , , , , , , , Source NFA data base Both gastropod species are regulated and managed by NFA under specifies pieces of legislation that include size limits, harvesting times, closed seasons and a ban on SCUBA and hooker use. The minimum harvestable size for trochus is 8 cm and the maximum size is 12 cm. The minimum size limit allows the trochus to reach sexual maturity, while the maximum size limit ensures that older specimens are not harvested, thus maximising reproduction. 5.4 GIANT CLAM No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.5 PEARL OYSTER No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.6 MOLLUSCS No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.7 CORAL, COASTAL, DEMERSAL DEEP-WATER AND LIVE REEF FINFISH Coral reef and coastal finfish in Madang Province belong to the overall Indo-west Pacific faunal community. The reef fishes are very similar to those inhabiting other areas within this vast region, stretching eastward from East Africa and the Red Sea to the islands of Micronesia and Polynesia. There is a wide range of fin fish species within the province with the majority harvested for subsistence, artisanal and in some cases commercial exploitation. These resources contribute to the food security of the communities of this province. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. Similar very limited information is collected by NFA on these fisheries with the exception of several of the commercially harvested fin fish species for the live food trade, aquarium and small scale fisheries (e.g. Spanish mackerel). All other fish data sold from the province is lumped together as fish. Export data of fin fish at the species level sold by commercial operators operating in the Province is collected. This information is based on weight only. There is no provincial level management of these resources. Data provided by NFA for finfish include: 68

185 Year Volume (kg) Source NFA data base The LRFFT is managed under the National Live Reef Food Fishery Management Plan. The plan imposes size limits, restrictions on 1) fishing methods (to hand-lining only by resource owners), 2) areas of operations, 3) reporting procedures, and 4) other requirements detailed in the plan. The plan prohibits 1) the export of undersized LRFFT species 2) fishing within or in close proximity to a declared spawning aggregation site or known recreational diving spots, 3) the use explosives, noxious substances (including cyanide and naturally derived substances in any form) for the purpose of killing, stunning, rendering disabled or capturing LRFFT species, and 4) the use of hookah gear or scuba gear for capturing LRFFT species. 5.8 TUNA Oceanic pelagic tunas such as skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga), and coastal inshore pelagic tunas such as mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) and long-tail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) are caught by subsistence, artisanal and commercial fishers within the Madang Province. These pelagic fish play a significant role in the food security of coastal and island people and small scale income opportunities. The provincial government does not regulate the species and therefore information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. The Madang Fisheries Cooperative Association collects artisanal weight of these species traded through their operation. Data was not available. Commercial tuna fishing within the EEZ, archipelagic and coastal waters of PNG are well management under the National Tuna Fishery Management Plan and all data are held at NFA. Tuna fishing through the use of purse-seine and long line fisheries is by far the largest fisheries within PNG and generates considerable income opportunities to the nation. All commercial tuna fishing takes place outside of provincial waters. Madang Province houses one commercial tuna loining and canning operation which is discussed in section E21 of this report. 5.9 SHARKS Sharks have been targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the Madang Province for their fins and for food. Most landings are opportunistic with sharks caught when fishing for a range of resources. The subsistence and small scale artisanal shark fisheries are not regulated by the province nor national government. However, the commercial shark fin fishery is managed under the National Shark Long-line Management Plan, which allows for nine licensed long line vessels that specifically target sharks SPINY LOBSTER Spiny lobsters (Panulirus sp.) have been targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the Madang Province for food. No information was provided pertaining to this fishery. This fishery is regulated by the National Lobster Fishery Management Plan. This plan outlines several management regulations, including size limits, and the prohibition on taking berried (egg-bearing) female lobsters at any time of the year. All companies purchasing and exporting lobsters must be licensed by NFA. Minimum size and weight specifications apply to all species. 69

186 5.11 MUD CRAB The mud or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the Madang Province for food. No information was provided pertaining to this fishery. This fishery currently is not regulated either by the provincial or national government PRAWNS No information was provided pertaining to the harvest ad or trade of marine prawns and its fisheries in this province TURTLES All marine turtles found within Madang Province and the nation are listed on Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which means that the international trade in turtle species and their products is prohibited. Papua New Guinea is a signatory to CITES. In PNG, only the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea),is protected under the Fauna (Protection and Control) Act. Listing animals as "protected" turns them into state property and killing, purchasing or possessing a protected animal may incur fines of PGK /animal. No information was provided pertaining to the harvest and or trade of turtles within this province OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Game fishing The game fish fishery is in its infancy in PNG, although two large clubs operate out of Lae and Port Moresby, with smaller clubs in other provincial centres. These clubs in general are run and cater for expat communities and tourist. No information was provided on the establishment, frequency and operational activities of sport fishing within Madang Province. Sport fishing is limited, with the majority of residence fishing for food security not for sport LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE Subsistence fish resources are landed directly at the fisher s community and taken directly to their individual houses. All fish and marine resources traded are sold either directly from the fisher s boat and/or house at the community or through community based markets. Fishers in Madang, the main township do utilise the new NFA OFCF small scale fisheries wharf and ice plant/freezer storage facility to sell fish but the majority land their vessel in close proximity to villages (beaches, river) and sell this catch directly from their vessels FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the Province to develop small scale fishers and aquaculture societies, cooperatives and associations to provide an avenue where small scale artisanal fishers can market their products and maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout the nation and assistance through NFA and development partners will continue. Training on all aspects of management of cooperatives, infrastructure (e.g. building, ice machines, and freezers storage) and marketing have been provided. The society was commissioned in 2010 and started operations in March It is fully registered and currently has around 300 members each with a single share worth PGK across the districts and a small number of women members. The society has four distribution points in 4 districts (including Madang itself) and includes full time fisherman. There is no aquaculture growers associated as yet but as production of tilapia develops it is anticipated this group will join. There is a full time chairperson and operations staff and the society is managed by a board. 70

187 The society purchases fish directly from members and on sells them to local domestic markets. In time with increased product, larger markets within the nation will be targeted. The society pays 10 Kina per kilogram for reef fish and 6-7 kina for pelagic species. They do purchase invertebrates (e.g. crabs, crayfish). Issues remain associated with some members selling their product outside of the society, however through continued awareness programmes this should be reduced. Fish are sold based on current local market values. The society has a small freezer truck that is used to distribute product and they do service local restaurants. The facility used by the society is located on the provincial fisheries ground with access to the water. The facility is owned by NFA and was built through development funds donated by the Japanese OFCF. In the long term, once the society is profitable a long term lease agreement will be made with NFA. The society currently sells ice to the fisherman and in time wish to provide fishing gear, eskies and fuel to its members. The long term plan is to have the districts members operating their own societies which then on sell the fish products to a Madang Fisheries Cooperative who markets the products. The society collects data on the weight of all fish purchased, normally on a common name basis and money paid to fisherman and monies derived from the sale (data was supplied to the team). Since operations they have average between kilograms a month. The election earlier plus poor sea conditions this year greatly decreased fishing in the region and subsequent throughput through the society. Verbal indications from the chairperson indicated that fisherman need to fish further afield to access reef fish but pelagic species are abundant. Training programmes associated with improved fishing techniques and gears are regularly requested by the members. No information or discussions were undertaken regarding long term management of the targeted species and their stock populations. Additional support from NFA and the provincial fisheries has been requested and is required to ensure this society and members attain their goals. Transportation of fish around the Province remains a major issue reducing the successful operation of the society. Currently, aquacultured Tilapia has not been sold but once production reaches levels in the region that product can be readily supplied then the chairperson would like to have farmers involved in the society COMMERCIAL FISHING COMPANIES The Province hosts the RD Tuna and RD Fishing Companies. Together, these companies employ around 3,000 local workers at the fish (tuna) cannery, fish storage plant, ice making machine and the fishing vessels. The RD Group also operates about 30 vessels including purse seiners, reefer (carrier) vessels, ranger boats and fuel tankers. Madang Province will also see the development of the Pacific Marine Industrial Zone (PMIZ) at Vidar. This project is an initiative of the Madang Provincial Government and the National Government with the leading Agencies being the Department of Trade & Industry and the National Fisheries Authority. The project is going through the preliminary work for the design and construction of the fishing port and the container wharf. The development of the PMIZ Project will see a big investment drive through the construction of mainly fish processing plants or establishments and other service providers will be invited to operate within the vicinity of this project locality. This project will create a lot more employment opportunities than the current employees for the RD Tuna Canners and the RD Fishing. There will also be many spinoff businesses through signing of contracts with local companies in many aspects of providing services and proper management of these entities. Under the company corporate responsibility programme to the communities associated with the RD tuna operation a number of programmes have been developed. These include; 71

188 Technical Training school providing skills associated with mechanical training. Students completing these technical courses are required to work for the company for 2 years. Kindergarten school free to workers and communities in close proximity to the operations. This included training of local teachers. Scholarships for workers children to attend primary and high schools. Provide seedlings (vegetables, coconuts etc.) to staff to grow themselves. Provide limited accommodation: currently small size dormitory (130 people) however expansion plans are underway to greatly increase accommodation opportunities for staff. Free medical access to all staff and dependants (company doctor). 50 KG of fish each week is provided to the regional hospital. The fishing industry is also compliant to the Fisheries Management Act 1998 as well as the rules and regulations stipulated in this legislation. It is envisaged that this project will be regulated to be a special economic zone (SEZ) and its legislative framework drawn for approval by parliament and currently is in draft form JOINT VENTURES There are currently no joint fishing ventures operating within the Province FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through development plans has articulated the development of artisanal and small scale fisheries within the province. On the ground programmes remain small and yet to be fully implemented. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the government and LLG and funds to undertake these programmes. Training and capacity building have been identified as major constraints. The recent NFA OFCF funded development and commissioning of the small artisanal ice plant and freezing facility in Madang has and will remain beneficial to the development of the artisanal fishing community. The marine, coastal and freshwater environments associated with this Province play an essential role in providing subsistence and small scale income opportunities for the majority if not all communities within the Province. Long term sustainable management of these resources needs to be a high priority to ensure benefits continue. Promotion of coastal fisheries development is a high policy aim for the Province, where the intention is for artisanal fishers at ward level to directly benefit in terms of their actual participation. Cluster communities or groups have been identified for maximum participation in such development initiatives. These artisanal fisher groups are mainly those that have received and been trained to operate pump boats in the Province. These groups mainly catch fish for direct consumption and sells surplus to small markets at ward/village or to medium-sized markets in towns or other urban centres. The pump boat fishery is another initiative undertaken by the Madang Provincial Government with funding support and technical support from the National Development Bank and RD Fishing respectively. The training component of the pump boat has been completed and the recipients of these boats can now apply their fishing skills and techniques they acquired in their fishing operations and the general maintenance of these fishing crafts. The boats are currently non-operational due mainly to engine problems and plans are to revive these fishing crafts to go into full time fishing. There are multimillion kina projects being developed in Madang Province and environment becomes an issue that needed to be addressed. Other groups being targeted by development initiatives are those that use vessels powered by outboard motors for fishing either on reef areas or fishing of anchored fish aggregating devices (FADs). Main markets for the landings of such fishers include the urban large main markets. Fishing 72

189 groups are also encouraged to be more organized, innovative and seek appropriate advice on practical approaches in venturing into fisheries business. The sector has a fully operational co-operative society which the main business of mobilising and organising groups for registration, training of the members and eventually buying their catch for retail and wholesale market. Organization of primary fisheries co-operative societies will be a major task to be carried out in all the districts which currently only three are registered in the whole Province. Efforts are underway to organise these fisher groups in order to ensure effective preservation, handling and distribution of the large quantities of fish landed by these groups, so as to minimise waste and avoid over-supply to local markets. There will be deep sea tailings placements (DSTP) by Ramu Nickel Mine, the Marengo Mine will be piping its mineral products to the coast for shipment and the Pacific Marine Industrial Zone (PMIZ) atvidar. The coastal areas and the environment is a concern here for the fisheries resources, fauna and flora. The people will be affected more because of the fact that they are dependent on the mangrove areas and spawning sites for fishery resources and other uses of the sea environment. Development of the Pacific Maritime Industrial Zone in Madang. This involves tuna canneries, tuna loining plants and in vessel servicing in a scheme that requires foreign vessels operating in PNG and some other Pacific Island countries to deliver tuna to a marine industrial park located near Madang. 6 INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES 6.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE The Province has considerable river (e.g. Ramu River) and freshwater systems that are used to support the communities through food security and small scale income generation. The inland capture fishery is predominately used for subsistence purposes utilising in the most part traditional fishing practise undertaken by both male and females. Fish resources over and above subsistence are either traded (barter) or sold within the communities. There are no fisheries currently operating for commercial purposes. Several non-endemic fin fish species have been introduced into the inland water systems of this Province (e.g. common carp, tilapia) to provide additional subsistence food security and income generation opportunities. No information was provided to indicate risk assessments, EIA and community consultations were undertaken before these introductions. Their environmental effects on the natural systems are unknown. Potential tourist based fishing activities associated with the water ways has been highlighted by provincial government as potential income opportunities but have yet to be developed. Government lead (NFA and provincial) fish farming activities have been initiated (Refer to section G of this report). 6.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY There was no information provided associated with stock assessments and population dynamics of inland fish, fishers and natural resources. Traditional fishing techniques are predominately used to capture freshwater resources. This includes dugout canoes and small scale banana fibreglass boats and out board engines. A wide range of fishing techniques are used depending on the resource targeted and the environment in which they live. This includes, hand collecting (e.g. turtle shells form river beds), nets, hook and lines and spears. Documents pertaining to individual fisheries for inland waters were not available. 73

190 6.3 OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Information discussed above. 6.4 HISTORY OF INLAND FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT Information is unavailable. 6.5 FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the Province to develop small scale fishers and aquaculture societies, cooperatives and associations to provide an avenue were small scale artisanal fishers can market their products and maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout the nation and assistance through NFA and development partners will continue. Training on all aspects of management of cooperatives, infrastructure (e.g. building, ice machines, and freezers storage) and marketing have been provided. Inland water capture fishers have had little participation in the Madang Fisheries Cooperative due mainly to the subsistence nature of theses fisheries. However it is envisaged that as production increases the involvement of fish farmers in societies to market their products will develop. This is described in section G4 of this report. 6.6 LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE All fish and inland water resources are exchanged at the village/community level. In the larger communities this may be associated with small scale local produce markets or family owned roadside/riverside stalls 6.7 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through development plans has articulated the importance of inland fisheries and resources for food security and small scale income generation. They highlight the development of aquaculture as the basis to improve food security and in time generate income generation opportunities. Apart from aquaculture (described in section G of this report) little on the ground infrastructures (markets, landing sites, ice machine etc.) have been developed. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the government and LLG and funds to undertake these programmes. This is further complicated by the remoteness and isolation of these communities and the fact that other sectors (e.g. health, education, and infrastructure) take precedence. Training and capacity building have been identified as major constraints. The inland waters, their resources and environments play an essential role in providing subsistence and small scale income opportunities for all inland communities within the province. Long term sustainable management of these resources needs to be a high priority to ensure benefits continue. 7 AQUACULTURE 7.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE There are no commercial aquaculture production systems (marine, brackish or freshwater) currently operating within the Province. Previously, a commercial barramundi operation with marine grow-out facilities operated with assistance of the EU funded fisheries program and commercial investments. This operation was not commercially viable and subsequently closed. Small scale freshwater aquaculture is active within the Province and is almost entirely focussed on the culture of tilapia primarily for food security for isolated inland communities. The development of tilapia culture has been piloted by NFA who have provided funds, training and extension and assistance (technical and monetary) directly to the Provincial fisheries staff and farmers. 74

191 The current pilot programme has included the development of small (8 x 4 m) individual earthen ponds located throughout the Province. These operations are very small and designed to provide very low levels of animal husbandry with production goals aimed very much at the household level. These production systems are too small to be considered semi commercial and subsequently little if any trade is undertaken. However, both farmers and the Provincial authorities see aquaculture as a primary opportunity for increasing rural livelihoods and income generation opportunities and wish to expand the current production capabilities. Farmed tilapia and aquaculture in general is documented as a significant future income generating opportunity for inland communities. Provincial development plans reflect this. The Province with assistance with NFA has a small scale demonstration farm which is used as a training tool for new farmer. There is no production facility within the province and therefore access to fingerling to restock existing and new farms is problematic. Currently fingerlings are sourced directly from farmers from cultured stocks or imported from the government funded freshwater hatchery in the highlands. 7.2 ANNUAL PRODUCTION Detailed production figures are not available. Anecdotal sources suggest total Provincial production of tilapia to be in kilograms rather than tonnes. Aquaculture is very much at the initial phase based almost exclusively on subsistence farming practises. 7.3 HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT Aquaculture commenced in the Province with the introduction of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in the early 2000 s. This was initiated by private sector operators, who were financially supported by EU fisheries project. Tilapia culture commenced as a result of initiatives by NFA to increase food security and rural livelihoods. Development to date has been very slow. 7.4 AQUACULTURE ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) Fish farmers are currently not organised. Fish farmers in the Province currently sell whatever small amount of production they have, in excess to household needs, to either local markets, or to the fishermen societies, e.g. Madang Fisheries Cooperative Society. 7.5 SUPPORT FOR AQUACULTURE Applied research in support of aquaculture has been undertaken by NFA through their work-plan and budgets, and also with financial support provided by development partners (e.g. ACIAR). Research has included feed development, hatchery techniques, grow-out methodologies, assistance in planning and development. This information through extension and training programmes has been delivered by NFA to provincial fisheries staff and farmers. Specific details on the number of training programmes and farmers trained are not available. Aquaculture has been developed with major assistance from NFA. This is to increase food security for inland and river based communities as well, in time, provide an additional albeit small opportunity for income generations. Currently there are a large number of farmers culturing small numbers of tilapia in small (3 x 6 m) back yard ponds. Additional capacity building and training is needed to increase production and marketing assistance in due course is required. A number of fish farmers are members of the Madang fisheries Society and will in time use this outlet to market excess fish. Issues highlighted included stock densities, feed requirements, access to fingerlings genetic improvements and management of fish movements (man-made and accidental). 7.6 AQUACULTURE PERMITTING & LICENSING The Province currently has no regulatory role in permit and license matters relating to aquaculture, nor do they have regulative powers attached to environmental impact assessments in the Province. 75

192 These roles lie with NFA. The Province has yet to develop specific aquaculture development plans, protocols, guidelines, risk assessments and the like to ensure long term management of this developing industry. Similarly no information was provided associated with economic assessments on the viability of Tilapia farming and/or additional potential species. 7.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION Tilapia farming has contributes positively to the food security of those households that engaged in tilapia farming. However, no data are currently collected regarding production, employment, or economic significance of fish farming. 7.8 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through their development plans have articulated the importance of aquaculture for the basis to improve long term food security and small scale income generation opportunities for inland communities within the province. Apart from the financial and technical assistance provided by NFA under the Project Development Fund (PDF) Scheme to develop the culture of Tilapia little long term development planning has been finalised. The Province recognises the need to formulate a development planning framework but certainly requires sustained and long-term assistance in this endeavour. This first requires careful consideration of constraints, problems, the relative strengths and opportunities, together with weaknesses and threats facing the development of aquaculture in the Province. No risk analysis has yet been undertaken. At the policy level, no clear policy has been articulated for aquaculture, although it is mentioned in passing in sectoral development plans. No work has yet been conducted to examine local or indigenous species that might offer culture potential. The presence of industrial fish processors within the Province, offers the potential for sourcing fish meal for fish feed, and thus constitutes a significant potential productive advantage, that requires careful analysis. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the provincial government, LLG and farmers and funds to undertake these programmes. This is further complicated by the remoteness and isolation of these communities and the fact that other sectors (e.g. health, education, and infrastructure) take precedence. Inland fish farming is believed to offer huge potential for Madang Province. A farmer-to-farmer model is being used as a tool for extension services at districts as well as the LLG s and their wards. Currently there are a good number of fish farms which are in their infant stage and a few have gone into fingerling production stage for other farmers to access to expand the number of ponds within their ward settings. The province has at current more than 400 hundred fish ponds either owned by groups or individuals. New ponds are being constructed and interest is growing in this sector for fingerling production to supply to these ponds for rearing. Training, capacity building, access to consistent supply of fingerlings, cheap and reliable access to feed and markets have been identified as major constraints. No Provincial Fisheries Policy. Limited Staff Strength. No Training Plan for Officers. Lack of Office Equipment. Lack of Logistics (in performing MCS duties, in conducting fishermen training, and women in fisheries programme, extension activities). Limited Funding for Implementation of Projects. Ineffective Community Based Organization (CBO). Current Sector Structure is not suitable for Implementation of programmes. 76

193 8 POST-HARVEST Small fish markets are located in main District centres. The fish market network in the Province is generally poor and ad hoc due to a lack of infrastructure. 9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE No Information. 10 SUPPORT INDUSTRIES 10.1 SHIP YARDS, BOAT BUILDING, REPAIR FACILITIES There are three ship yards operating within the Province, 2 privately owned commercial scale fishing based repair operations and one government operation. Small scale out board engine and boat repair operations does exist in the urban centres REPAIR SHOPS There is no commercial scale fishing based repair operations within the province. Small scale out board engine and boat repair operations does exist in the urban centres ICE PLANTS Fishers in Madang, the main township purchase ice from the OFCF-NFA funded provincial small scale fisheries wharf and ice plant/freezer storage facility. Throughout the province small scale operators do sell small amounts of ice to the communities of which a proportion is used for fishing purposes GEAR MANUFACTURING There is no fishing gear or equipment manufacturing within the Province BUSINESS RELATIONS The Provincial fisheries on behalf of NFA undertake a number of regulative functions and information gathering activities associated with the commercial fishing operations within the province, Most of these activities are associated with the large scale tuna processing facility and their associated purse-seine vessel. All regulations are managed by NFA. No analysis on the relationship between the fisheries sector and the wider business community appears to have been undertaken. Access to finance by stakeholders, ranging from fishers to traders, is reported as a constraint due to the high cost of borrowing but detailed figures on this factor are not available. 11 REVIEW AND UPDATING OF THE PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE To be decided by the Province. 12 LITERATURE / INFORMATION SOURCES ON THE PROVINCE S FISHERIES SECTOR The lists of publications below were used to obtain information and data for this profile. ADB (2009). Anguru, B. (2012). Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Completion Report.30p. Fisheries Sector Brief for the incoming member of Parliament, Madang Province. Provincial Government 77

194 Coates, D. (1996). Diffey, S. (2005). FAO (2009). Internal report. P7 Review of the Present Status of, and Constraints to, Inland Fisheries Development: the Pacific Island counties. IPFC Working Party of Experts on Island Fisheries, RAPA, Bangkok. Market and Market Linkages Study. Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project, National Fisheries Authority, Government of Papua New Guinea, and the European Union. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics: Food balance sheets. In: FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics Rome, FAO. pp FAO (2010). National Fishery Sector Review, Papua New Guinea. 20p. Gillett, R & I. Cartwright. (2010). Gillett, R. (2010). Gillett, R. (2011). Gumoi, E., Kavanamur, D., Aloi, D. and Okole, H. (2004). Hunt, C. (2001). Kailola, P. (1995). Kinch, J Madang Provincial Government. (2010). Madang Provincial Government. (2011). Madang Provincial Government. (2012). NFA (2001). The future of Pacific Island fisheries. (FFA & SPC). 46 p. Fisheries Centres in the Pacific Islands: Lessons Learned. SPC Newsletter 133, 6p. Fisheries of the Pacific Islands Regional and national information. FAO. 290p. Rapid rural appraisal of the Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). University of Papua New Guinea, 146p. The Capture of national and local sustainable benefits from Pacific Marine Resources. National research Institute, PNG. Paper to the UNTAD Workshop: Commodity-based Development in Pacific Island Countries, Sept Fisheries Resources Profiles: Papua New Guinea. Report no. 95/45, Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara, Solomon Islands. 445 p. A Review of the Beche-de-mer Fishery and its Management in Papua New Guinea. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Kalibobo Madang Vision 2010, Power Point. Provincial Government Presentation. Five Year Fisheries Development Plan. Power Point. Provincial Government Presentation. Fisheries Sector Brief for the incoming member of Parliament Madang Province. 7p. National Beche-de-mer Management Plan. PNG National Government: Port Moresby. NFA (2007). A review of fisheries and marine resources in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. 44 p. NFA (2008). The National Fisheries Authority Corporate Plan National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby. 78

195 NFA (2010a). NFA (2010b). NFA (2012). NRI (2010). National Statistics Office. (2000). PNG (2010a). Provincial Fisheries Advisors Conference, Alotau, Milne Bay. Power Point Presentations. Draft Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and East Sepik Provincial Government. 26p. Coastal Fisheries Development Mini Symposium. Provincial Fisheries Profiles. Power Point Presentations. Papua New Guinea District and Provincial Profiles. National Research Institute. 190p. National Population Census. National Statistics Office: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. PNG Development Strategic Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. PNG (2010b). PNG Medium Term Development Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. Preston, G. (2001). A Review of the PNG Fisheries Sector. Gillett, Preston and Associates for the Asian Development Bank. 79

196 Annex 17: Provincial Fisheries Profile East New Britain Province EAST NEW BRITAIN PROVINCE DRAFT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR PROFILE PAPUA NEW GUINEA December

197 1 OBJECTIVE Past lessons learnt from development initiatives in the Papua New Guinean fisheries sector (including marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture) have highlighted issues relating to the sustainability, reliability and credibility of data and other information types, sourced at provincial and sub-national levels. The development of Provincial Fisheries Sector Profiles, funded by the ACP Fish- II Programme of the European Union, is an attempt to address this problem and to identify ways and means to increase monitoring and dissemination at provincial level. The hope is that improved data monitoring systems, once established and maintained, will make up-to-date data available to investors, development partners, relevant government authorities and other interested in sustainable development and responsible management of fisheries resources in Papua New Guinea. This Fisheries Sector Profile for East New Britain Province is one of five example profiles, developed following a standard template that has been developed by the ACP-II Programme. 2 MAPS OF PROVINCIAL LAND AND WATER AREAS East New Britain Province is comprises of a number of small offshore coastal islands and coastal ranges dominate the landscape just inland of the coast with a total land area of 15,274km PROVINCIAL LAND MAP To be provided. 2.2 PROVINCIAL SEA MAP To be provided. 3 KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS The statistics presented in tabular form below are derived from a number of sources, as indicated in the bibliography. 81

198 3.1 POPULATION Total Population: 220,133 Population growth rate: 2.5% Population by District / Local Level Government Gazelle: areas LLG = 5 Wards = 130 Population = Kokopo: LLG = 4 Wards = 84 Population = 58,345 Pomino: LLG = 5 Wards = 119 Population = 44,964 Rabaul: LLG = 4 Wards = 53 Population = 27,048 Population of fishers and families by District / Local Level Government areas Population of fisheries support personnel by District / Local Level Government areas Source 2000 Census 3.2 SOCIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Not Available Not Available Male (%) Female (%) Total Less Than 15 Years 92, Years 121, Older than 64 Years Source 2000 Census, NRI Provincial concerns highlighted in the East New Britain Provincial Development Plan (ESPDP) include: Accelerating population growth and pressure on arable land. High mortality rates. Development of informal settlements (squatters) in urban areas. Out-migration from rural to urban areas. Insufficient transport infrastructure and poor communication facilities. Limited access to safe drinking water. Inadequate governance with poor coordination. Cooperatives and aid posts not functioning. Disintegration of traditional leadership structure. Increase in land disputes. High illiteracy rates. Widespread poverty problem complex. Malnutrition. Limited access to basic social services. Expansion of alcohol and drug related habits and incidents. Increase in sex related crimes and accidents. 82

199 Domestic violence and child abuse. Prevalence of HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Degrading traditional moral value. Common attitudes among residents to neglect the rule of law. Lack of vision and prospects among youth for their communities. Development of sense of segregation or marginalization among youth. Demographic data (age distribution, family Not Available size, sex ratio) Religion Not Available Ethnic groups Not Available Education (literacy levels, primary, Not Available secondary, tertiary education) Women s position in society Not Available Sanitary, housing and Health situation 5 : Not Available Fishers standard of living in general Moderate-good. Fishing undertaken on subsistence, artisanal or part-time commercial basis as supplement to numerous other incomes generating activities. Income per capita (Province) Not Available Fishers alternative occupations Food crops, Betel nuts, Coconuts, Cocoa, Livestock. Source 2000 Census 3.3 GEOGRAPHY Provincial land area: 15,274km 2 Area of Territorial sea: Not Available Area of shelf (to 200 m Not Available depth): Inland waterways (rivers, Not Available lakes) Districts (geographical Gazelle: characteristics) Coastal and Inland district including mountains. Freshwater and marine fisheries. Kokopo: Coastal, island (e.g. Duke of York) and Inland district including mountains including marine estuarine and rives systems. Freshwater and marine fisheries. Pomino: Coastal and Inland district including extensive mountains. Freshwater and marine fisheries Rabaul: Coastal, island and Inland district including marine estuarine and rives systems. Freshwater and marine fisheries. Length of provincial coastline Not Available Source: 2000 census and NRI,

200 Road system Source 2000 Census 3.4 MAIN INDUSTRIES A network of roads connects the majority of the coastal communities however the remote and mountainous regions road and transport linkages are sparse. Economic activities within the province include Coconuts, Food crops, Betel nuts, Cocoa, Coffee and fishing. % Engaged of total % Engaged for cash of total households households Food Crops Betel Nuts Coconuts Cocoa Livestock NRI, POLITICAL SYSTEM Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the provincial Governors. As is the case in all Provinces, East New Britain Province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. The East New Britain Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). East New Britain Province is headed by an elected Governor (Mr Ereman Tobaining), who is a regional member of the PNG National Parliament. The Province has 4 District Administrators/Open Members (each representing one of the six Districts in the Province) in the National Parliament. The next administrative level below District is Local level Governments (LLG). East New Britain has 18 LLGs. Each LLG is headed by an elected President. The next administrative level is a Ward. There are 386 wards within East New Britain with each Ward represented by elected Councillors who operate under the LLG President. Each Ward has a Ward Development Committee, comprising Ward Councillors appointed to different sectors. Ward Councillors form the LLG Assembly. Main revenue streams for the Province includes national government grants, as well as revenues raised at Provincial level through land taxes and head tax for all people over 18 years (at LLG level). No information was provided detailing recent past and current budget allocations for the Department of Fisheries and marine Resources. 3.6 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the Provincial Governors. As is the case in all provinces, East New Britain Province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. The East New Britain Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). 84

201 4 SECTORAL POLICY, PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT 4.1 STRUCTURE OF THE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION The primary organisation charged with administration, planning and management of coastal fisheries in the Province is the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources. The Provincial Adviser reports to the Provincial Ministry and has a total number of 5 staff members as of Dec 2012, (see table below). Position Number of Staff Provincial Fisheries Advisor 1 Provincial Fisheries Officers (full time) 3 1 x MCS 1 x Industrial Relations 1 x Project Coordinator Support Staff 4 1 x Administration Officer 1 x Data Operator 2 x Drivers District Fisheries Officers 4 LLG Fisheries Officers NFA OWNERSHIP OF PHYSICAL ASSETS IN THE PROVINCE Town Asset type Market Valuation (Kina) Kokopo Land Buildings 2 x houses & 3 x Fish markets 465, , Rabaul Warehouses, officers & 300, , Staff accommodation Blanche 8 x houses 200, , x Vacant Land Fisheries Station 700,000.00?? Duke of York 1 x High School 1,270, Information provided by NFA asset register (2012). 4.3 REGISTRATION All commercial fishing operations and their vessels operating within Provincial waters are regulated including registration of fishing and support vessels with NFA. All subsistence and artisanal fishing vessel operating with the Provincial waters are not registered by the Province. Artisanal fishers and subsistence and small scale aquaculture farmers are not required to be registered at the Provincial, Local Level Government or Wards. However, fish farmers associated with the NFA lead Tilapia development programmes are registered for the purpose of coordination of development training and assistance. Commercial scale aquaculture would be registered and managed by NFA not by the Province. 4.4 LOCAL DATA COLLECTION The Provincial fisheries are mandated to collect catch and effort data on both subsistence and artisanal fishing and aquaculture activities within the province. Data is currently not collected on any fisheries (coastal or inland) or aquaculture production system. No routine systems for collection for even basic 85

202 fish capture or fishing effort is in place, or for aquaculture production in the Province. The lack of data prevents an understanding of fishing pressures, stock populations and the development of suitable sustainable management plans. Data is collected on commercial fishing operations undertaken within the Provincial waters by NFA (requirement of the fisher s licences). All data is housed with NFA. Data collected and stored by NFA is variable with most based on export figure (weigh) collected for each fishery. The sea cucumber fishery is an example fishery. Data storage, analysis and management protocols remain a function of NFA not the provincial government. Increased participation of provincial fisheries in these processes and information exchange needs to improve 4.5 TAX, FEES, DUTIES AND SUBSIDIES TO FISHERIES The Province does not apply any form of fees, duties or taxes to small-scale coastal fisheries, licensing or permitting systems or tax exemptions for import of equipment and spares for such fisheries or for the nascent aquaculture sector. Provincial revenues derived from this sector originate from taxes generated from commercial fishery and/or aquaculture businesses operating within the province. Taxes for these commercial operations are collected by the national government and dispersed throughout the nation. Taxes derived from these operations within the Province are not paid directly to the province administration. The extent to which East New Britain Province shares in the revenue generated from fishery activities within the extended jurisdiction boundary of the province seaward into the territorial sea remains unclear, although the presence of such operations clearly have benefits. The Province certainly shares in the benefits of commercial fisheries operating within the provinces waters with the national government through the NFA. 4.6 SAFETY Provincial subsistence and artisanal fishers and non-commercial aquaculture operations are not regulated and thus do not have any government regulations on safety and OHS. Commercial operations, depending on the industry are regulated by national regulations and licence agreements. NFA has an enforcement and compliance officers assigned to this province to monitor the commercial fishing transhipment operations undertaken within the Provinces. 4.7 SECTOR MANAGEMENT Provincial subsistence and artisanal fisheries and aquaculture licensing and management systems (licensing, regulations etc.) are all but absent preventing long term sustainable development of these activities. Commercial operations undertaken within the province are regulated by NFA. Sector management is the responsibility of the Provincial Fisheries Department, based in Kokopo. The goal of the Fisheries and Maine Resources sector is: To develop the fisheries sector as an emerging industry capable of helping to grow the ENB economy. Their objectives include; To increase the contribution of this sector to the local economy by both increasing investment in small business development, fisheries training and the creation of business spinoffs for locals, resulting from fishing investment The fisheries sector has the following key priority programs that the 5 year plan will address include; Infrastructure Development 86

203 Market infrastructure development Fish farmers and fisher folks mobilization and empowerment Training and up skilling of the current provincial fisheries manpower 4.8 DEVELOPMENT The East New Britain Provincial fisheries division has developed an Integrated Fisheries Development Strategy which is in line with the Provincial Development Plan (ENB DSP 2011 to 2021). The Sectoral strategies include: 1. Encourage local participation in commercial coastal and inland fisheries and marine resource development. Local people will be encouraged to improve subsistence and artisanal fishing into commercial coastal and inland fisheries. This will be done through local fisherman mobilization and training in storage, processing and simple packaging for both local and international markets 2. Partnership and Strategic Alliance To establish an effective stringent partnership within economic sectors, and to partner the private sector and NGOs in the development and promotion of local fisheries projects 3. Improve marketing, storage and maintenance of facilities. There will be improvements made on marketing, storage and maintenance facilities to boost the sector. A close consultation with the commerce, infrastructural agencies and public utilities providers will be strengthened to achieve this fully 4. Improve administrative and management capacities of the sector The administrative and management capacities of the fisheries sector will need to be improved in order that marine resource are sustainable managed. Current major developments plans include: Fishery Facility Development This program will involve the assessment of facilities for rehabilitation and improvement aimed at providing a market access to coastal fisher folks Coastal Fisheries This program will involve the training of coastal fisher folks and marketing of their product at local market Industrial Fishery Development This program will involve the establishment of a Marine Industrial Park that will provide an avenue for processing and marketing Fishery Storage Facility This will involve the building of a major storage facility at Toboi to use by foreign fishing vessel for trans-shipment These development programme areas are designed to further developed and focus on supporting artisanal fisheries in the Province and conducting a fishery resource inventory whilst promoting fisheries export to domestic and overseas market. This will involve sourcing support from the National Fisheries Authority and other relevant stakeholders build capacity and promoting the sector. 87

204 The Japanese bilateral assistance programme OFCF agency designed, constructed and commissioned the community based fisheries ice plant and freezer storage facility through NFA for the Provincial fisheries sector. 4.9 INSPECTION OF WILD CAUGHT & CULTURED FISH PRODUCTS There are no Provincial regulations associated with inspection of subsistence and artisanal wild caught resource products for any purpose. Individual fishers and communities members regulate the health and condition of marketable products through selective purchasing. All commercial fishery operations are governed by national laws and regulations monitored by NFA. NFA have several staff personnel based in Kokopo/Rabaul to ensure the commercial fishing transhipping operations and vessels associated with this activity are complaint to PNG and international standards. Functions delegated by NFA to the Province under the terms of the MOA include: Audit & Certification Activities. Fisheries Monitoring, Control & Surveillance. Appraisal of proposals for funding. Industry liaison with license operators. Facilitating the recruitment & operation of on-board observers (industrial vessels) OFFICERS AUTHORISED UNDER RELEVANT ACTS No information was provided or available WEATHER FORECASTS/SAFETY AT SEA SERVICES The Provincial fisheries through radio and phone sources notify the general public of inclement weather conditions. The fisheries cooperative and its society members, when operating were used as an additional conduit to circulate this information. 5 MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES 5.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE FAO summarises the PNG fisheries resources as The small-scale fisheries of Papua New Guinea (PNG) reflect the diversity of the country s coastal environments. Along the mainland and high island coasts and in the smaller island communities fishing activities include the harvesting of the reef flats, spear fishing, shallow-water hand-lining from dugout canoes, netting, and trapping in the freshwater reaches of large rivers. In the swampy lowland areas net fisheries for barramundi, catfish, and sharks occur, while in the Gulf of Papua and parts of the Northern Islands Region there are also village-based lobster fisheries. Collection of invertebrates, both commercially (beche-de-mer, trochus and other shells) and for subsistence purposes is extensive, and may exceed finfish harvesting. Commercial shrimp-trawling operations take place in the Papuan Gulf and other parts of southern PNG. A small number of vessels use long line gear to catch sashimi-grade tuna for export to overseas markets by air. By far the largest fishery in the country is the purse seine tuna fishery, in which both locally-based and foreign-based vessels participate. Fisheries in the waters of PNG were categories by FAO into six activities these include; coastal commercial, coastal subsistence, offshore locally based, offshore foreign based, freshwater and aquaculture. The marine fisheries have two very distinct components, offshore and coastal: Offshore fisheries are undertaken on an industrial scale by local and foreign purse seiners and long liners. There is also an industrial-scale shrimp fishery. In 2009 PNG reported to FAO a fishery fleet composed of 583 vessels, all larger than 12 m LOA, composed of 17 trawlers, 214 purse seiners, 83 trap setters, 30 long liners, 10 other type of liners, 153 multipurpose 88

205 vessels and 76 other fishing vessels. Foreign flagged purse seiners also operate within the PNG EEZ. Coastal fishing is primarily carried out for subsistence purposes and or small scale artisanal fishing for sales in local markets. In addition, there are some coastal fisheries that are export oriented: beche-de-mer, lobster, and trochus (FAO, 2010). Within the East New Britain Province coastal fisheries development include both subsistence and artisanal fishers which are to be promoted from the highest level for people at ward areas to directly benefit in terms of their actual participation. Cluster communities or groups have been identified to be greatly involved with fisheries resource development. The groups in the subsistence fishery catch resources for personal and or extended family consumption. In certain circumstance when excess fish is caught these resources may be traded or sold. These fishers use traditional fishing techniques in general. The largest fishing group involves the artisanal group who are mainly part time fishers that catch and utilise a proportion of fish for direct consumption and sell surplus to small markets at ward/village or to medium markets in town or growth centres. A wide range of traditional and modern equipment is used. The artisanal fishers whom fish as a full time living use outboard motors to access offshore reef areas, fishing grounds and/or utilise fish aggregation devices (FADs). Their main markets would be the medium or the large main markets for fish sales. Currently these groups have to be properly organized in order to land large quantity of fish at local markets. The local fishing boats used in marine, coastal and inland water ways are not registered by the provincial government. The East New Britain Province has no land based commercial fishing operators however commercial transhipping of purse-seine caught tuna is undertaken within the sheltered bays of Rabaul harbour. The regulations and associated income generation derived from this operation all rests with the national government and NFA. The provincial government does not collected data on subsistence or artisanal marine, coastal and inland water fisheries and therefore cannot provide stock information pertaining to current stock population s exploitation levels. All commercial fishery data collection programmes on resource utilisation within the provincial waters (e.g. sea cucumbers) are the responsibility of NFA. In general data collected is based on weight of product exported. Fishing groups are also encouraged to be more organized, innovative and seek appropriate advice on practical approaches in venturing into fisheries business. The sector has a fully operational co-operative society which the main business of mobilising and organising groups for registration, training of the members and eventually buying their catch for retail and wholesale market. Organization of primary fisheries co-operative societies will be a major task to be carried out in all the districts which currently only three are registered in the whole Province. 5.2 BECHE-DE-MER Sea cucumbers have a long history of exploitation in the East New Britain Province. Sea cucumbers have been an extremely important resource commodity in rural communities to increase opportunities for income development. PNG is now the third largest exporter of beche-de-mer in the world, with the majority of exports heading to the Special Administrative Region (SAR) of Hong Kong. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. This information is held by NFA whom are responsible for the fisheries management and regulations. Data provided by NFA include; 89

206 Year Volume (kg) , , , , , , , , ,474 Source NFA data base NFA has gazetted the National Beche-de-mer Management Plan, for regulation and management of the beche-de-mer fishery in PNG. This management plan recommended an initial three year moratorium on the collection of all species for commercial use. This ban has just been extended for another three years to provide additional time to allow stock populations to recover from past exploitation levels. The province has endorsed the NFA decision to extend the total ban on the collection, sale and exporting of all species of Beche-de-mer. However, the Provinces has indicated that they wish to have greater input in all future discussions and the decision making process relating to this fishery. 5.3 MARINE GASTROPODS (TROCHUS, GREEN SNAIL) Trochus (Trochus niloticus) and to a lesser extent green snail (Turbo marmoratus) have been harvested commercially and for subsistence use within East New Britain communities for many years. The shell has been exported for use in the international button trade with waste shell used for a wide range of products (e.g. tiles, cosmetics). The Provinces has a commercial shell button export company that purchases both trochus and green snail shell nationally and export the product to Asian centres. The majority of the shells are exported with a lower grade shells made into first stage button processed. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. This information is held by NFA whom are responsible for the fisheries management and regulations. Data provided by NFA for Trochus include: Trochus Green Snail Year Volume (kg) Volume (kg) , , , , , , , , , , Source NFA data base 90

207 Both gastropod species are regulated and managed by NFA under specifies pieces of legislation that include size limits, harvesting times, closed seasons and a ban on SCUBA and hooker use. The minimum harvestable size for trochus is 8 cm and the maximum size is 12 cm. The minimum size limit allows the trochus to reach sexual maturity, while the maximum size limit ensures that older specimens are not harvested, thus maximising reproduction. 5.4 GIANT CLAM No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.5 PEARL OYSTER No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.6 MOLLUSCS No information was provided pertaining to these animals and fisheries in this Province. 5.7 CORAL, COASTAL, DEMERSAL DEEP-WATER AND LIVE REEF FINFISH Coral reef and coastal finfish in East New Britain Province belong to the overall Indo-west Pacific faunal community. The reef fishes are very similar to those inhabiting other areas within this vast region, stretching eastward from East Africa and the Red Sea to the islands of Micronesia and Polynesia. There is a wide range of fin fish species within the province with the majority harvested for subsistence, artisanal and in some cases commercial exploitation. These resources contribute to the food security of the communities of this Province. Information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. Similar very limited information is collected by NFA on these fisheries with the exception of several of the commercially harvested fin fish species for the live food trade, aquarium and small scale fisheries (e.g. Spanish mackerel). All other fish data sold from the province is lumped together as fish. Export data of fin fish at the species level sold by commercial operators operating in the Province is collected. This information is based on weight only. There is no provincial level management of these resources. Data provided by NFA for finfish include: Year Volume (kg) Source NFA data base The LRFFT is managed under the National Live Reef Food Fishery Management Plan. The plan imposes size limits, restrictions on 1) fishing methods (to hand-lining only by resource owners), 2) areas of operations, 3) reporting procedures, and 4) other requirements detailed in the plan. The plan prohibits 1) the export of undersized LRFFT species 2) fishing within or in close proximity to a declared spawning aggregation site or known recreational diving spots, 3) the use explosives, noxious substances (including cyanide and naturally derived substances in any form) for the purpose of killing, stunning, rendering disabled or capturing LRFFT species, and 4) the use of hookah gear or scuba gear for capturing LRFFT species. 5.8 TUNA Oceanic pelagic tunas such as skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga), and coastal inshore 91

208 pelagic tunas such as mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) and long-tail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) are caught by subsistence, artisanal and commercial fishers within the East Sepik Province. These pelagic fish play a significant role in the food security of coastal and island people and small scale income opportunities. The provincial government does not regulate the species and therefore information pertaining to time series data including species collected, weight, location of capture, fisher and CPUE data are not held by the province. The East Sepik Fisheries Cooperative Association when it was operating collected artisanal weight of these species traded through their operation. Data was not available. Commercial tuna fishing within the EEZ, archipelagic and coastal waters of PNG are well management under the National Tuna Fishery Management Plan and all data are held at NFA. Tuna fishing through the use of purse-seine and long line fisheries is by far the largest fisheries within PNG and generates considerable income opportunities to the nation. All commercial tuna fishing takes place outside of provincial waters. East New Britain Province waters are used as a commercial fish transhipping locations. All operations are regulated and managed by NFA with assistance of the Provincial fisheries staff. 5.9 SHARKS Sharks have been targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the East New Britain Province for their fins and for food. Most landings are opportunistic with sharks caught when fishing for a range of resources. The subsistence and small scale artisanal shark fisheries are not regulated by the Province or National Government. However, the commercial shark fin fishery is managed under the National Shark Long-line Management Plan, which allows for nine licensed long line vessels that specifically target sharks SPINY LOBSTER Spiny lobsters (Panulirus sp.) have been targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the East New Britain Province for food. No information was provided pertaining to this fishery. This fishery is regulated by the National Lobster Fishery Management Plan. This plan outlines several management regulations, including size limits, and the prohibition on taking berried (egg-bearing) female lobsters at any time of the year. All companies purchasing and exporting lobsters must be licensed by NFA. Minimum size and weight specifications apply to all species MUD CRAB The mud or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is targeted by coastal subsistence and artisanal fishers within the East New Britain Province for food. No information was provided pertaining to this fishery. This fishery currently is not regulated either by the Provincial or National Government PRAWNS No information was provided pertaining to the harvest ad or trade of marine prawns and its fisheries in this Province TURTLES All marine turtles found within East New Britain and the nation listed on Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which means that the international trade in turtle species and their products is prohibited. Papua New Guinea is a signatory to CITES. In PNG, only the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea),is protected under the Fauna (Protection and Control) Act. Listing animals as "protected" turns them into state property and killing, purchasing or possessing a protected animal may incur fines of PGK /animal. No information was provided pertaining to the harvest and or trade of turtles within this Province. 92

209 5.14 OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Game fishing The game fish fishery is in its infancy in PNG, although two large clubs operate out of Lae and Port Moresby, with smaller clubs in other provincial centres. These clubs in general are run and cater for expat communities and tourist. No information was provided on the establishment, frequency and operational activities of sport fishing within the East New Britain Province. Sport fishing is limited, with the majority of residence fishing for food security not for sport LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE Subsistence fish resources are landed directly at the fisher s community and taken directly to their individual houses. All fish and marine resources traded are sold either directly from the fisher s boat and/or house at the community or through community based markets. Fishers in Kokopo and Rabaul, the main township have access to wharfs and fisheries centres. In Kokopo, through the Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (KFCA) fishers utilise the OFCF small scale fisheries ice plant/freezer storage facility to sell fish. However, the majority land their vessel in close proximity to villages (beaches, river and/or sell this catch directly from their vessels or along the main road FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the Province to develop small scale fishers and aquaculture societies, cooperatives and associations to provide an avenue where small scale artisanal fishers can market their products and maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout the nation and assistance through NFA and development partners will continue. Training on all aspects of management of cooperatives, infrastructure (e.g. building, ice machines, and freezers storage) and marketing have been provided. Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association (KFCA) was set up in March It includes 48 member societies, 20 of which have paid membership fees (8 societies very active) and are active members whilst the remaining societies are undertaking discussions to join. Each society has between 8-15 members and each fisheries society pays 500 kina to register with the association. Members pay a fee to their societies (amounts not provided). Primarily role of the KFCA is to purchase fish from the societies and market them. Fish are sold whole or filleted to local markets. The cooperative receives and sells approximately 200kg a week of which 70 kg of fish are filleted (mackerels, snappers). In the future the association wishes to expand and is currently exploring additional services for its members (e.g. fuel, equipment, boats etc.). The association wished to expand into the entire province in due course. JICA volunteer assists the manager on all aspects of the association which includes fish storage, filleting marketing and data collection/payment. The association collects individual fish weight, total numbers and species for all fish landed and purchased at the association and its collection points within the province districts. A JOCV has been assigned to the cooperative whose main role is to assist in the development and information collection. The data are yet to be analysed to provide catch and effort data. Some files were provided. NFA has been active in setting up this cooperative and programs and with continue assistance to develop the association, training and advice. NFA owns the land the facility is located on and through support from OFCF commissioned the ice plant, freezer storage, filleting room and provided a truck to distribute ice and the collection and distribution of fish to the local markets and businesses. The ice machine produces kg blocks per day. In addition to the central facility, 10 small district freezing facilities were developed through NFA funding by the KFCA to store society member fish to be collected by the KFCA. These facilities include freezers, backup generators and eskies. 93

210 Fishing techniques used include Gill nets (range of sizes targeting a range of fish), hand lines, hooks, and target both shallow and deep water benthic species (including deep water snappers). Traps are used however traditional fishing techniques and equipment are slowly changing to increase CPUE. Canoes and small fibreglass banana boats are used by all society fishers COMMERCIAL FISHING COMPANIES There are no commercial fishing companies or land based facilities located within the East New Britain Province. Commercial transhipping of purse-seine caught tuna from the fishing vessels to mother ships are undertaken within Rabaul harbour. These operations are regulated and managed by NFA and all income generated by taxes and licence are paid to the national government. The communities of the Province generate income opportunities by providing general services and goods to the vessels and crew JOINT VENTURES There are currently no joint fishing ventures operating within the Province FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through development plans has articulated the development of artisanal and small scale fisheries within the Province. On the ground programmes remain small and yet to be fully implemented. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the government and LLG and funds to undertake these programmes. The marine, coastal and freshwater environments associated with this province play an essential role in providing subsistence and small scale income opportunities for the majority if not all communities within the province. Long term sustainable management of these resources needs to be a high priority to ensure benefits continue. 6 INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES 6.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE The Province has river and freshwater systems that are used to support the communities through food security and small scale income generation. The inland capture fishery is predominately used for subsistence purposes utilising in the most part traditional fishing practise undertaken by both male and females. Fish resources over and above subsistence are either traded (barter) or sold within the communities. There are no fisheries currently operating for commercial purposes. Several non-endemic fin fish species have been introduced into the inland water systems of this province (e.g. common carp and tilapia) to provide additional subsistence food security and income generation opportunities. No information was provided to indicate risk assessments, EIA and community consultations were undertaken before these introductions. Their environmental effects on the natural systems are unknown. Potential tourist based fishing activities associated with the water ways has been highlighted by provincial government as potential income opportunities but have yet to be developed. Government lead (NFA and provincial) fish farming activities have been initiated (Refer to section G of this report). 6.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY There was no information provided associated with stock assessments and population dynamic of inland fish, fishers and natural resources. Traditional fishing techniques are predominately used to capture freshwater resources. This includes dugout canoes and small scale banana fibreglass boats and out board engines. A wide range of fishing techniques are used depending on the resource targeted and the environment in which they 94

211 live. This includes, hand collecting (e.g. turtle shells form river beds), nets, hook and lines and spears. Documents pertaining to individual fisheries for inland waters were not available. 6.3 OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Information discussed above. 6.4 FISHER ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) NFA has assisted the province to develop small scale fishers and aquaculture societies, cooperatives and associations to provide an avenue were small scale artisanal fishers can market their products and maximise returns. This programme initiative has been on-going for a number of years throughout the nation and assistance through NFA and development partners will continue. Training on all aspects of management of cooperatives, infrastructure (e.g. building, ice machines, and freezers storage) and marketing have been provided. Inland water capture fishers have had little participation in the Kokopo Fisheries Cooperative Association due mainly to the subsistence nature of theses fisheries. 6.5 LANDINGS INFRASTRUCTURE All fish and inland water resources are exchanged at the village/community level. In the larger communities this may be associated with small scale local produce markets or family owned roadside/riverside stalls 6.6 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through development plans has articulated the importance of inland fisheries and resources for food security and small scale income generation. They highlight the development of aquaculture as the basis to improve food security and in time generate income generation opportunities. Apart from aquaculture (described in section G of this report) little on the ground infrastructures (markets, landing sites, ice machine etc.) have been developed. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the government and LLG and funds to undertake these programmes. This is further complicated by the remoteness and isolation of these communities and the fact that other sectors (e.g. health, education, and infrastructure) take precedence. Training and capacity building have been identified as major constraints. The inland waters, their resources and environments play an essential role in providing subsistence and small scale income opportunities for all inland communities within the province. Long term sustainable management of these resources needs to be a high priority to ensure benefits continue. 7 AQUACULTURE 7.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE There are no commercial aquaculture production systems (marine, brackish or freshwater) currently or in the past operating within the province. Small scale freshwater aquaculture is active albeit currently at a very small scale within the Province and is almost entirely focussed on the culture of tilapia primarily for food security for isolated inland communities. The development of tilapia culture has been piloted by NFA who have provided funds, training and extension and assistance (technical and monetary) directly to the provincial fisheries staff and farmers. The current pilot programme has included the development of small (8 x 4 m) individual earthen ponds located throughout the Province. These operations are very small and designed to provide very low levels of animal husbandry with production goals aimed very much at the household level. These production systems are too small to be considered semi commercial and subsequently little if any trade is undertaken. However, both farmers and the Provincial authorities see aquaculture as a primary 95

212 opportunity for increasing rural livelihoods and income generation opportunities and wish to expand the current production capabilities. Farmed tilapia and aquaculture in general is documented as a significant future income generating opportunity for inland communities. Provincial development plans reflect this. The Province with assistance from NFA has a small scale demonstration farm which is used as a training tool for new farmers. There is no production facility within the Province and therefore access to fingerling to restock existing and new farms is problematic. Currently fingerlings are sourced directly from farmers from cultured stocks or imported from the government funded freshwater hatchery in the highlands. 7.2 ANNUAL PRODUCTION Detailed production figures are not available. Anecdotal sources suggest total provincial production of tilapia to be in kilograms rather than tonnes. Aquaculture is very much at the initial phase based almost exclusively on subsistence farming practises. 7.3 HISTORY OF AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT Aquaculture activities within the Provinces are limited. Tilapia culture commenced as a result of initiatives by NFA to increase food security and rural livelihoods. Development to date has been very slow. 7.4 AQUACULTURE ORGANISATIONS (SOCIETIES, CO-OPERATIVES, ASSOCIATIONS) Aquaculture is in its infancy with very low production resulting in very limited cultured fish sold throughout the Province, none at the current stage are sold through societies. All fish cultured are either common carp or tilapia. The development of small scale aquaculture societies is part of the NFA led Provincial aquaculture programs. It is envisaged when production levels increased the development of aquaculture societies joining cooperatives to provide an avenue where aquaculture producers can market their products and maximise returns. 7.5 SUPPORT FOR AQUACULTURE Applied research in support of aquaculture has been undertaken by NFA through their work-plan and budgets, and also with financial support provided by development partners (e.g. ACIAR). Research has included feed development, hatchery techniques, grow-out methodologies, assistance in planning and development. This information through extension and training programmes has been delivered by NFA to Provincial fisheries staff and farmers. This programme is remains in its infancy within East New Britain Province. Specific details on the number of training programs and farmers trained are not available. 7.6 AQUACULTURE PERMITTING & LICENSING The Province currently has no regulatory role in permit and license matters relating to aquaculture, nor do they have regulative powers attached to environmental impact assessments in the province. These roles lie with NFA. The Province has yet to develop specific aquaculture development plans, protocols, guidelines, risk assessments and the like to ensure long term management of this developing industry. Similarly no information was provided associated with economic assessments on the viability of Tilapia farming and/or additional potential species. 7.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION Tilapia farming has contributes to food security of those households that engaged in tilapia and carp farming. However, no data are currently collected regarding production, employment, or economic significance of fish farming. 96

213 7.8 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS The Province through their development plans have articulated the importance of aquaculture for the basis to improve long term food security and small scale income generation opportunities for inland communities within the province. Apart from the financial and technical assistance provided by NFA under the Project Development Fund (PDF) Scheme to develop the culture of Tilapia little long term development planning has been finalised. The Province recognises the need to formulate a development planning framework but certainly requires sustained and long-term assistance in this endeavour. This first requires careful consideration of constraints, problems, the relative strengths and opportunities, together with weaknesses and threats facing the development of aquaculture in the Province. No risk analysis has yet been undertaken. At the policy level, no clear policy has been articulated for aquaculture, although it is mentioned in passing in sectoral development plans. No work has yet been conducted to examine local or indigenous species that might offer culture potential. The current lack of industrial fish processors within the Province reduces the potential for sourcing fish meal for fish feed, and thus reduces the economics of commercial aquaculture. Constraints to these developments are based around human capacity within the Provincial government, LLG and farmers and funds to undertake these programmes. This is further complicated by the remoteness and isolation of these communities and the fact that other sectors (e.g. health, education, and infrastructure) take precedence. Training, capacity building, access to consistent supply of fingerlings, cheap and reliable access to feed and markets have been identified as major constraints. 8 POST-HARVEST Small fish markets are located in main District centres. The fish market network in the Province is generally poor and ad hoc due to a lack of infrastructure. In time it is expected that aquaculture products will be sold through these facilities. 9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC VALUE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE No information. 10 SUPPORT INDUSTRIES 10.1 SHIP YARDS, BOAT BUILDING, REPAIR FACILITIES There is no commercial scale fishing based repair operations within the province. Small scale out board engine and boat repair operations does exist in the urban centres REPAIR SHOPS There is no commercial scale fishing based repair operations within the province. Small scale out board engine and boat repair operations does exist in the urban centres ICE PLANTS Fishers in Kokopo the main township purchase ice from the OFCF-NFA funded provincial small scale fisheries ice plant/freezer storage facility. Throughout the province small scale operators do sell small amounts of ice to the communities of which a proportion is used for fishing purposes (e.g. Rabaul) GEAR MANUFACTURING There is no fishing gear or equipment manufacturing within the Province. 97

214 10.5 BUSINESS RELATIONS The Provincial fisheries on behalf of NFA undertake a number of regulative functions and information gathering activities associated with the commercial fishing operations within the province, Most of these activities are associated with the large scale tuna processing facility and their associated purse-seine vessel. All regulations are managed by NFA. No analysis on the relationship between the fisheries sector and the wider business community appears to have been undertaken. Access to finance by stakeholders, ranging from fishers to traders, is reported as a constraint due to the high cost of borrowing but detailed figures on this factor are not available. 11 REVIEW AND UPDATING OF THE PROVINCIAL FISHERIES PROFILE To be decided by the Province. 12 INFORMATION SOURCES ON THE PROVINCE S FISHERIES SECTOR The lists of publications below were used to obtain information and data for this profile. ADB (2009). Anon (1997). Coates, D. (1996). Diffey, S. (2005). East New Britain Government (2011). East New Britain Provincial Administration (2003). Papua New Guinea: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project. Completion Report.30p. East New Britain Province: North Coast Marine Resources Survey. 70p. Review of the Present Status of, and Constraints to, Inland Fisheries Development: the Pacific Island counties. IPFC Working Party of Experts on Island Fisheries, RAPA, Bangkok. Market and Market Linkages Study. Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project, National Fisheries Authority, Government of Papua New Guinea, and the European Union. East New Britain Strategic Development Plan ENB Government. East New Britain Provincial Administration Fisheries Sector Corporate Plan Promoting Fisheries Development in East New Britain. 75p. Provincial Government Publication. FAO (2009). Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics: Food balance sheets. In: FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics Rome, FAO. pp FAO (2010). National Fishery Sector Review, Papua New Guinea. 20p. Gillett, R & I. Cartwright. The future of Pacific Island fisheries. (FFA & SPC). 46 p. (2010). Gillett, R. (2010). Fisheries Centres in the Pacific Islands: Lessons Learned. SPC Newsletter 133, 6p. Gillett, R. (2011). Fisheries of the Pacific Islands Regional and national Gumoi, E., Kavanamur, D., Aloi, D. and Okole, H. (2004). information. FAO. 290p. Rapid rural appraisal of the Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Project (RCFDP). University of Papua New Guinea, 146p. 98

215 Hunt, C. (2001). The Capture of national and local sustainable benefits from Pacific Marine Resources. National research Institute, PNG. Paper to the UNTAD Workshop: Commodity-based Development in Pacific Island Countries, Sept Kailola, P. (1995). Fisheries Resources Profiles: Papua New Guinea. Report no. 95/45, Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara, Solomon Islands. 445 p. Kinch, J A Review of the Beche-de-mer Fishery and its Management in Papua New Guinea. A Report prepared for the National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. NFA (2001). National Beche-de-mer Management Plan. PNG National Government: Port Moresby. NFA (2007). A review of fisheries and marine resources in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. 44 p. NFA (2008). The National Fisheries Authority Corporate Plan National Fisheries Authority, Port Moresby. NFA (2010a). Provincial Fisheries Advisors Conference, Alotau, Milne Bay. Power Point Presentations. NFA (2010b). Draft Memorandum of Agreement between NFA and East Sepik Provincial Government. 26p. NFA (2012). Coastal Fisheries Development Mini Symposium. Provincial Fisheries Profiles. Power Point Presentations. NRI (2010). Papua New Guinea District and Provincial Profiles. National Research Institute. 190p. National Statistics Office. (2000). National Population Census. National Statistics Office: Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. PNG (2010a). PNG Development Strategic Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. PNG (2010b). PNG Medium Term Development Plan Government Printing Office, Port Moresby. Preston, G. (2001). A Review of the PNG Fisheries Sector. Gillett, Preston and Associates for the Asian Development Bank. 99

216 Annex 18: Provincial Fisheries Profile Milne Bay Province DRAFT PROVINCIAL FISHERIES SECTOR PROFILE MILNE BAY PROVINCE PAPUA NEW GUINEA DECEMBER

217 1 OBJECTIVE Past lessons learnt from development initiatives in the Papua New Guinean fisheries sector (including marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture) have highlighted issues relating to the sustainability, reliability and credibility of data and other information types, sourced at provincial and sub-national levels. The development of Provincial Fisheries Sector Profiles, funded by the ACP Fish- II Programme of the European Union, is an attempt to address this problem and to identify ways and means to increase monitoring and dissemination at provincial level. The hope is that improved data monitoring systems, once established and maintained, will make up-to-date data available to investors, development partners, relevant government authorities and other interested in sustainable development and responsible management of fisheries resources in Papua New Guinea. This Fisheries Sector Profile for Milne Bay Province is one of five example profiles, developed following a standard template that has been developed by the ACP-II Programme. It should be noted that Milne Bay is unique in that it has developed a Fisheries Profile to guide investment. The Profile sets forth the potential for the Province, and includes an analysis of development potential for capture fisheries, mariculture, aquarium fish, and demersal marine resources. 2 MAPS OF PROVINCIAL LAND AND WATER AREAS Milne Bay Province comprises 10 large islands, 155 small islands/atolls and a large number of coral cays comprise 25% of this land mass, rest is PNG mainland. Coral reefs are widespread, covering about 100,000 sq km of the sea area. 2.1 PROVINCIAL LAND MAP 101

218 2.2 PROVINCIAL SEA MAP To be provided by the Province. 3 KEY PROVINCIAL STATISTICS The statistics presented in tabular form below are derived from a number of sources, as indicated. 3.1 POPULATION Total Population 6 : 275,364 (5% of PNG national population) Population growth rate 7 : 2.5% Population by District / Local Level Government areas See table below Rural population 8 : 262,422 (95.3%) Population of fishers and families (by District / LLG) Not Available Population of fisheries support personnel (by District / LLG) Not Available Districts Population Local Level Wards Governments Alotau 97, Esa ala 55, Samarai/Murua 57, Kiriwina/Goodenough 64, SOCIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Male (%) Female (%) Total Less Than 15 Years 86, Years 117, Older than 64 Years 5, Source: 2000 census. Demographic data (age distribution, family size, sex ratio) Religion 9 Ethnic groups Education (literacy levels, primary, secondary, tertiary education) Women s position in society 41.3% of the people under the age of 15, and only 2.8% aged 60 and over. Predominantly Christian, 60% are United Church. n.a. Adult literacy rate (>15 years) 79% Predominantly matrilineal (meaning clan membership, territorial rights, and land 6 Source: household survey Source: 2000 census. 8 Source: household survey Milne Bay

219 inheritance are determined through the female line). MBP acclaimed as a gender advocate Province, with mainstreaming of gender issues in development plans. Rated in top 5 Provinces in PNG for female student enrolment (51% since 2007) Sanitary, housing and Health situation 10 : Infant mortality (per 1000 live births): 69 Child mortality rate (per 1000 live births): 28 HIV/AIDs (detected ): 115 Fishers standard of living in general Moderate-good. Fishing undertaken on subsistence, or part-time commercial basis as supplement to numerous other incomes generating activities Income per capita (Province) PGK Fishers alternative occupations Copra, livestock rearing, crop production 26 major languages are spoken in the Province. 3.3 GEOGRAPHY Provincial land area: Area of Territorial sea: Area of shelf (to 200 m depth) 11 : Inland waterways (rivers, lakes) Districts (geographical characteristics) Length of provincial coastline Road system 14,125 sq. km 115,239 sq. km 41,150 sq. km. Length, area? n.a. 2,120 km Good network of roads on the mainland around Alotau and the extensive oil palm developments 3.4 MAIN INDUSTRIES Economic activities within the province include Palm oil, coffee, copra, sewn timber and marine products (beche-de-mer, shells, pearl), agriculture (home consumption & cash crops) fishing (subsistence & artisanal), Arts & Crafts. 10 Source: 2000 census. 11 ANZDEC,

220 % Engaged of total % Engaged for cash of total households households Food Crops Betel Nuts Coconuts Fishing Poultry NRI, POLITICAL SYSTEM Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the Provincial Governors. As is the case in all Provinces, Milne Bay Province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. The Milne Bay Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). Milne Bay Province is headed by an elected Governor (Mr Titus Philomon), who is a regional member of the PNG National Parliament. The Province has 4 District Administrators/Open Members (each representing one of the four Districts in the Province) in the National Parliament. The next administrative level below District is Local level Governments (LLG). Central has 1 LLGs. Each LLG is headed by an elected President. The next administrative level is a Ward. There are 2394 wards within Milne Bay Province with each Ward represented by elected Councillors who operate under the LLG President. Each Ward has a Ward Development Committee, comprising Ward Councillors appointed to different sectors. Ward Councillors form the LLG Assembly. Main revenue streams for the Province includes national government grants, as well as revenues raised at Provincial level through land taxes and head tax for all people over 18 years (at LLG level). Revenues are also generated by the business arm of the Provincial Government (East New Britain Development Corporation) through activities such as copra exports, shipping fees and real estate. Since 2010, the budget of the Department of Fisheries and marine Resources has been around PGK300,000 per annum, allocated as follows: Administration Aqua/Mariculture Coastal Fisheries PGK 100, (Other Services, Delivery Grant) PGK 130, (PPG) PGK 70, (PPG) Note: District Fisheries separately receive about PGK 40,000 per annum. 3.6 ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Papua New Guinea s Parliament is made up of 89 single-member electorates and 20 regional electorates, which correspond with Papua New Guinea s provinces and the National Capital District. Members from these electorates also serve as the provincial Governors. As is the case in all Provinces, Milne Bay Province is responsible for its own provincial assembly and administration. The Milne Bay Provincial Government has considerable autonomy with regard to fisheries development and management, as provided for under Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-Level Governments (No 29 of 1998). 104

221 4 SECTORAL POLICY, PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT 4.1 STRUCTURE OF THE FISHERIES ADMINISTRATION The primary organisation charged with administration, planning and management of coastal fisheries in the Province is the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources, which is one of the Divisions of the Economic Services Sector. The Division is currently led by the Provincial Fisheries Adviser located at Alotau Provincial HQ.. Total Staff establishment, as of Dec 2012, totalled 10 persons (see table below). Position 1. Administration/Management: Provincial Program Advisor Coordination: Aquaculture Fisheries Coordinator Coastal Fisheries Coordinator Fisheries Enforcement/MCS Coordinator 3. Extension: 4 x District Fisheries Officers 2 x LLG Based Officers Grade The Division also performs delegated function of the National Fisheries Authority as per the MOA with Milne Bay Provincial Government. The duties are absorbed by the current structure of the division and duties performed by the gazetted fisheries officers. These activities include; Fisheries Surveillance & Enforcement. Audit & Certification of Fish Export Products. Support and assistance to Fisheries Observer Program. District and Industry liaison. Fisheries Training & Extension. Special Fisheries Projects intervention in the Province. There are four District Headquarters at Rabaraba for Alotau, Losuia for Kiriwina/ Goodenough, Esa ala for Esa ala and Bwagaoia for Samarai/Murua districts. Currently, there are also fisheries extension officers based at Rabaraba, Huhu, Bolubolu, Losuia, Bwagaoia, Tagula, and Guasopa. The Special Advisor on Fisheries & Forestry matters to the Office of the Governor is housed within the Division due to problems with Office Space at the Office of the Governor for Milne Bay Province. District Fisheries Activities are based on the potentials identified by the respective District and LLGs. Lack of staff due to funding constraints to undertake the work and therefore activities are constrained. The Provinces 10 year strategic development plan for the fisheries sector identifies concerns and constraints. The Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources has developed a training plan for its staff and model fish producers. 105

222 4.2 OWNERSHIP OF PHYSICAL ASSETS The following is a listing of assets owned by NFA in the Province: Town Asset type Market Valuation (PGK) Land Buildings Alotau Warehouse, freezer, residence, 172, ,000 fence Samarai Fish processing 5,000 40,000 Samarai 2 x 3-bedroom old residences 5,000 40,000 Samarai 2-bed residence (being 2,500 2,500 demolished) Samarai Vacant land 2,500 Samarai 2 x 3-bedroom old residences 5,000 40,000 Samarai Vacant land 10,000 - Samarai Vacant land 7,000 - Samarai Tech school, workshops, jetty 50, ,000 Samarai Institutional building 50,000 7,450,000 Source: NFA database. Details of equipment provided NFA, and buildings/equipment provided by development partners (e.g. OFCF, EU, ADB etc.) were not available at time of writing. 4.3 REGISTRATION No system of registration for fishing vessels, fishermen or aquaculture facilities is in place in the Province. Trading companies operating in the Province are licenced by NFA. These include: Kiwali Exports (dry marine, shells and shark fins, fish maw). Nako Fisheries (fin fish products, Pearl meat). Asia Pac (dry marine, shells and shark fins, Fish maw). Milne Bay Marine Resources (dry marine, shells and shark fins, fish maw). Ewena Business Group. (currently not exporting). Eastern Business Group (dry marine, shells and shark fins). Coral Sea Mariculture (CSMC) (aquaculture, hatchery license, farming license, export license of processed pearl products, export of pearl shells). Seaweed Marine (PNG) Ltd (aquaculture, trial farming license, facility license, export license, and buyers license). The Province does not regulate the subsistence and artisanal fisherman, vessels or aquaculture activities. All commercial fishing activities are registered and regulated by NFA. Provinces can set regulations associated with the development of the fisheries sector but have not and rely on NFA to provide this information. The Province intends to put a local area/ provincial licence in place to ensure management of the fisheries/aquaculture, but this has not progressed. 4.4 LOCAL DATA COLLECTION The Provincial fisheries are mandated to collect catch and effort data on both subsistence and artisanal fishing and aquaculture activities within the Province. Data is currently not collected on any fisheries (coastal or inland) or aquaculture production system. No routine systems for collection for even basic fish capture or fishing effort is in place, or for aquaculture production in the Province. The lack of 106

223 data prevents an understanding of fishing pressures, stock populations and the development of suitable sustainable management plans. Data is collected on commercial fishing operations undertaken within the Provincial waters by NFA (requirement of the fisher s licences). All data is housed with NFA. Data collected and stored by NFA is variable with most based on export figure (weigh) collected for each fishery. The sea cucumber fishery is an example fishery. Data storage, analysis and management protocols remain a function of NFA not the provincial government. Increased participation of provincial fisheries in these processes and information exchange needs to improve. Data is however available on fish purchased at the Huhu main fish market (operated by the Huhu LLG as a cooperative), where the weight for each individual fish at species level sold to the market is recorded. Data is also collected on the time the fish has been in storage, to ensure the fish are fresh. Such data is not however systematically collected and analysed by the Fisheries Department. No hard data on artisanal fisheries is known other than that collected through development partner projects, e.g. RCFDP (EU-funded). The one position in the provincial fisheries administration for data collection/monitoring is unfilled. Only commercial data collected by NFA officers none by provincial officers. The only catch (landings) data available for small scale fisheries is collected at the Milne Bay LLLG Local Fisheries Market Fisherman (refer meeting notes) not at the provincial fisheries. A number of development funded projects have collected specific sets of data on artisanal fisheries resources but none as yet have developed a sustainable programme. No institutional data collected. No data is collected on effort nor have any of the very limited data been analysed to help understanding time series fishing effort and management of the individual fisheries. 4.5 TAX, FEES, DUTIES AND SUBSIDIES TO FISHERIES The Province does not apply any form of fees, duties or taxes to small-scale coastal fisheries, licensing or permitting systems or tax exemptions for import of equipment and spares for such fisheries or for the nascent aquaculture sector. Provincial revenues derived from this sector originate from taxes generated from commercial fishery and/or aquaculture businesses operating within the province. Taxes for these commercial operations are collected by the national government and dispersed throughout the nation. Taxes derived from these operations within the province are not paid directly to the province administration. The extent to which Milne Bay Province shares in the revenue generated from fishery activities within the extended jurisdiction boundary of the Province seaward into the territorial sea remains unclear, although the presence of such operations clearly have benefits. The Province certainly shares in the benefits of commercial fisheries operating within the provinces waters with the national government through the NFA 4.6 SAFETY Provincial subsistence and artisanal fishers and non-commercial aquaculture operations are not regulated and thus do not have any government regulations on safety and OHS. Commercial operations, depending on the industry are regulated by national regulations and licence agreements. NFA has an enforcement and compliance officers assigned to this Province to monitor the commercial fishing operations. 4.7 SECTOR MANAGEMENT Fisheries sector management is the responsibility of the Provincial Fisheries Department, based in Alotau. Current functions/activities assigned to the Department, in line with the current IPDP, can be listed as follows: 107

224 Provincial Fisheries Policy & Administration: Administration, coordination, development and management of capture fisheries activities (inland and marine) aquaculture in the Province. Aquaculture/Mariculture Development and management: Promotion and creation of an enabling environment for the development of aquaculture for food, but also raising of aquarium fisheries, in both coastal and inland communities to create employment and income earning opportunities. Strengthening fisher organisations: support for improved community-based coordination as appropriate with district authorities, local level governments, stakeholders, fishing industry, communities and other relevant institutions promoting and facilitating the development of community-orientated fishing and related activities. Improved MCS Creation of an Enforcement Coordinator position as part of the Province establishment, to coordinate the fisheries Monitoring, Control and Surveillance activities, and ensure proper action at Provincial level as required under the MoA between the Province and NFA. Provincial fisheries staff are constrained, lack the skills and support and funds to deliver the services to the province. Lack of internal training for staff. Budget not enough to deliver the services needed. Data associated with CPUE is non-existent for the subsistence and artisanal fisheries, whilst all commercial fisheries are management and data collected by NFA. 4.8 SECTOR DEVELOPMENT Milne Bay Provincial Government and Assembly has developed an Integrated Provincial Development Plan (IPDP) as mandated under sec 25, 3(d) of the Organic Law on Provincial and Local Level Governments. The current IPDP (MBP, 2011) is consistent with PNG Vision 2050, DSP 2030 and the Medium term Development Plan IPDP describes intended outcomes/ results, with each sector responsible for developing own strategies to deliver these results, taking into account resources, strengths, opportunities and challenges facing the particular sector. Fisheries falls under Focus Area 2: Broad-based Economic Development. Sectors included are: agriculture & livestock, commerce & industry, micro- medium and small enterprises; Fisheries & Marine Resource sector; and Forestry. The vision statement for Fisheries and Marine Resources Sector is: a sustainable marine and inland fishery industry for Milne Bay. Seven outcomes are listed for the Sector: 1. Development of a fisheries policy to address the lack of specific policies for village-level fishery-related activities, and to increase the role, participation and investment of local (provincial) fishermen and their communities in private sector fishery businesses, so as to increase rural livelihood generation and diversification of trade in marine products; 2. Development of a comprehensive fisheries database for the Province: to address the current poor level of data collection, analysis and generation of statistics on fish consumption, processing, exports/trade, and socio-economic factors on the subsistence, commercial and industrial fisheries (as well as aquaculture). This is needed to support the development of management and development strategies. 3. Support for sustainable aquaculture: fish farming forms part of the national food security policy, and provinces are obliged to adopt strategies that increase aquaculture production for local food security, import substitution and livelihoods creation. Specific outputs listed include: establishment of fingerling, feed and distribution facilities; creation of incentives through a credit facility for private and small-holder entrepreneurs. 108

225 4. Commercial fisheries development in strategic areas of the Province: the Province believes there is untapped potential for marine and inland fisheries development to increase broad0based economic development. The Province s Fishery Sector Development Plan prioritises the establishment of certain impact projects in strategic areas to promote employment and income earning opportunities for coastal and inland communities. Specific outputs listed include: establishment of fish markets, aquaculture enterprises, an aquarium fish fishery, increased placement of FADs, and a prawn fishery in Alotau District. 5. Improved extension system or Milne Bay fishermen: to address the lack of extension services to provincial fishermen. Skills development and practical training and suitable initiatives are needed to increase participation of fishermen in to start-up fishery-related businesses. Specific outputs listed include: increasing the TVET school in fishery training, and undertaking a survey to assess needs for fisheries development throughout the Province. 6. Enforcement of fishery laws and regulations: Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is considered a threat to marine resource sustainability in the province, perpetrated by foreign flag vessels from Asia. The large area of Provincial waters and absence of effective monitoring, control and surveillance capacity is a major cause for IUU fishing. Improved MCS and enforcement is a priority for the Province, and is being pursued with assistance provided by NFA. Specific outputs listed include the establishment of a MCS centre in the Province. 7. Improved Fisheries Division capacity: the low level of capacity (staff, resource and finance) for the Province s Fisheries Division for many years is acknowledged under the IPDP. One result of this is the low level of support/extension afforded to rural fishers, particularly in inland fisheries, and the virtual absence of support for aquaculture, despite it being identified as a development propriety. An assurance is given to address current technical and manpower issues to improve performance of the Fisheries Division in supporting provincial fisheries management and development. Specific outputs listed include: recruitment of additional staff, purchase of vehicles, provision of staff housing, and capacity building (training, operational procedures, finance and equipment). NFA is fully funding the Provincial Field Extension Programme(PGK18,000 per annum)n under the new MoA between Milne Bay and NFA. It is interesting to note that Focus Area 3 Ensuring Food security - does not mention fisheries at all. Other focus areas under IPDP of direct relevance to fisheries includes Focus Area 4: Sustainable Environment which includes increase local community knowledge of the need for environmental and conservation responsibility, and Focus Area 5: Promoting Ecotourism, which includes references to the definite potential of increasing non-consumptive fisheries-related activities such as sport fishing, SCUBA diving and snorkelling. In reaction to the above, the Provincial Fisheries Department is currently engaged in implementing the following projects: Huhu Fish Market this is the main fish retail facility supporting fisheries cooperatives in the province. It is being managed through collaborative efforts between the Province (LLG notes) with financial and technical assistance provided by NFA. Equipment provided by development partners such as OFCF includes ice making, ice crusher, chest freezers, weighing equipment, and office furniture and equipment. Bubuleta Aquaculture facility aimed at supporting small fish farmers in the Province. The facility is remains in the development phases. Future planned projects (as of December 2012) include: 109

226 Inshore Fish Aggregation Devices: a number of anchored, locally made and specificallydeigned for coastal fisheries FDAs are due for installation, with funding support provided by NFA. Trap Net Fishery: NFA is providing technical and financial assistance for installation of trap nets in 14 maritime Provinces under the NFA Coastal Fisheries Development Project. Stakeholders indicated that the large development projects (EU fisheries and ADB) that have worked within the province had little long term assistance and benefits on the ground for LLG s and their communities. It is clearly acknowledged that funding support to the provincial fisheries is not adequate and needs to be increased. There is considerable interest in having inshore FADs deployed, through NFA assistance, in the areas associated with the 4 fishing societies that sell to the main market, to assist increasing catch rates. CFDA have not had anything to do province. Some major development partner interventions in the Province have included: Rural Coastal Fisheries Development Programme in Papua New Guinea (Project No: 8.ACP.PNG.017): Funded by EU. Provided considerable assistance to the province. Activities in support of increased fish production involved the provision of appropriate fishing vessels and gear based around four centres Milne Bay, Madang, Kavieng, and Lae. Resource assessment surveys were undertaken by the University of Papua New Guinea through the Motupore Marine Biology facility (national consultants were also engaged to assist in resource surveys and assessments). Most of this work was done using existing studies and will focus on the sites where the major inputs were planned: Milne Bay, Madang, Morobe and New Ireland. Community Coastal and Marine Conservation Project: Funded by UNDP and implemented by Conservation International (CI). Aims were to develop community management of marine resources in Milne Bay Province (expanded and extended with funding from the Global Environment Facility) Marine Protected Areas project Implemented by Conservation International in Milne Bay with funding of around PGK 23 million to achieve management of the benthic resources (effectively Trochus and beche-de-mer) through resource assessment studies and increasing public awareness. 4.9 INSPECTION OF WILD CAUGHT & CULTURED FISH PRODUCTS There are no Provincial regulations associated with inspection of subsistence and artisanal wild caught resource products for any purpose. Individual fishers and communities members regulate the health and condition of marketable products through selective purchasing. All commercial fishery operations are governed by national laws and regulations monitored by NFA. NFA have a number of personnel based at their national headquarters that monitor the commercial fishing operations undertaken in the NCD and province to ensure compliance to PNG and international regulations. Functions delegated by NFA to the Province under the terms of the MOA include: Audit & Certification Activities; Fisheries Monitoring, Control & Surveillance; Appraisal of proposals for funding; Industry liaison with license operators; Facilitating the recruitment & operation of on-board observers (industrial vessels) 110

227 The Province struggles, however, to undertake such functions, due to institutional constraints, including: In adequate institutional and political support. Limits of funding. Inadequate staff ceiling. In adequate support infrastructure and other support utilities and services. In adequate support for effective extension and training at the community level OFFICERS AUTHORISED UNDER RELEVANT ACTS No information was provided or available WEATHER FORECASTS/SAFETY AT SEA SERVICES The Provincial fisheries through radio and phone sources notify the general public of inclement weather conditions. The fisheries cooperative and its society members, when operating were used as an additional conduit to circulate this information. 5 MARINE CAPTURE FISHERIES (INDUSTRIAL, SEMI- INDUSTRIAL, ARTISANAL) 5.1 OVERALL STRUCTURE FAO summarises the PNG fisheries resources as The small-scale fisheries of Papua New Guinea (PNG) reflect the diversity of the country s coastal environments. Along the mainland and high island coasts and in the smaller island communities fishing activities include the harvesting of the reef flats, spear fishing, shallow-water hand-lining from dugout canoes, netting, and trapping in the freshwater reaches of large rivers. In the swampy lowland areas net fisheries for barramundi, catfish, and sharks occur, while in the Gulf of Papua and parts of the Northern Islands Region there are also village-based lobster fisheries. Collection of invertebrates, both commercially (beche-de-mer, trochus and other shells) and for subsistence purposes is extensive, and may exceed finfish harvesting. Commercial shrimp-trawling operations take place in the Papuan Gulf and other parts of southern PNG. A small number of vessels use long line gear to catch sashimi-grade tuna for export to overseas markets by air. By far the largest fishery in the country is the purse seine tuna fishery, in which both locally-based and foreign-based vessels participate. Fisheries in the waters of PNG were categories by FAO into six activities these include; coastal commercial, coastal subsistence, offshore locally based, offshore foreign based, freshwater and aquaculture. The marine fisheries have two very distinct components, offshore and coastal: Offshore fisheries are undertaken on an industrial scale by local and foreign purse seiners and long liners. There is also an industrial-scale shrimp fishery. In 2009 PNG reported to FAO a fishery fleet composed of 583 vessels, all larger than 12 m LOA, composed of 17 trawlers, 214 purse seiners, 83 trap setters, 30 long liners, 10 other type of liners, 153 multipurpose vessels and 76 other fishing vessels. Foreign flagged purse seiners also operate within the PNG EEZ. Coastal fishing is primarily carried out for subsistence purposes and or small scale artisanal fishing for sales in local markets. In addition, there are some coastal fisheries that are export oriented: beche-de-mer, lobster, and trochus (FAO, 2010). Within Milne Bay Province coastal fisheries development include both subsistence and artisanal fishers which are to be promoted from the highest level for people at ward areas to directly benefit in terms of their actual participation. Cluster communities or groups have been identified to be greatly involved with fisheries resource development. 111

228 The groups in the subsistence fishery catch resources for personal and or extended family consumption. In certain circumstance when excess fish is caught these resources may be traded or sold. These fishers use traditional fishing techniques in general. The largest fishing group involves the artisanal group who are mainly part time fishers that catch and utilise a proportion of fish for direct consumption and sell surplus to small markets at ward/village or to medium markets in town or growth centres. A wide range of traditional and modern equipment is used. The artisanal fishers whom fish as a full time living use outboard motors to access offshore reef areas, fishing grounds and/or utilise fish aggregation devices (FAD s). Their main markets would be the medium or the large main markets for fish sales. Currently these groups have to be properly organized in order to land large quantity of fish at local markets. The local fishing boats used in marine, coastal and inland water ways are not registered by the provincial government. The Milne Bay Province does not have any commercial fishing operator utilising a land based facility. The Provincial government does not collected data on subsistence or artisanal marine, coastal and inland water fisheries and therefore cannot provide stock information pertaining to current stock population s exploitation levels. All commercial fishery data collection programmes on resource utilisation within the provincial waters (e.g. sea cucumbers) are the responsibility of NFA. In general data collected is based on weight of product exported. Milne Bay Province possesses some of the most highly diverse, coral reefs, mangrove forests, and sea-grass beds in the world. Ecosystems are relatively pristine condition, compared with other countries in the Region. Many endemic fish and coral species and rare/endangered species, including dugong, marine turtles, giant clam, seabirds, black coral 12. Time series for changes in vessel numbers, production, CPUE etc. for the major marine fisheries has not been attempted. 5.2 BECHE-DE-MER Fishery Currently, around 21 species of beche-de-mer are taken from Milne Bay Province waters: amberfish (Thelenota anax), black teatfish (Holuthuria whitmae), blackfish (Actinopyga miliaris), brown sandfish (Bohadschia vitiensis), chalkfish (Bohadschia similes), curryfish (Stichopus hermanni), deep-water redfish (Actinopyga echinites), dragonfish (Stichopus horrens), elephant trunkfish (Holuthria fuscopuntata), flowerfish (Pearsonothuria graeffei), golden sandfish (Holuthuria scabra versicolour), greenfish (Stichopus chloronotus), lollyfish (Holuthuria atra), pinkfish (Holuthuria edulis), prickly redfish (Thelenota ananas), sandfish (Holuthuria scabra), snakefish (Holuthuria coluber), stonefish (Actinopyga lecanora), surf redfish (Actinopyga mauritiana), tigerfish (Bohadschia argus), and white teatfish (Holuthuria fuscogilva). During the late 1800s, Milne Bay was visited by considerable numbers of foreign vessels seeking beche-de-mer (Roe, 1961). The standard practice was to erect curing houses on beaches in several places, leave a limited staff to supervise operations at each station, and employ local people to gather beche-de-mer from the reefs and shallows for processing ashore. In 1885, 10 ships were working in the Louisiade Islands, collecting around 500 t of beche-de-mer annually (Moore, 2003). This period was a time of tension between islanders and traders and many beche-de-mer traders and islanders died during skirmishes and conflicts over provisions, resources, women, treatment, and inequitable exchange. Anecdotal evidence suggests that exploitation of beche-de-mer in Milne Bay declined in the latter half of the 19 th Century. Beche-de-mer harvesting was also affected in the first half of the 20 th Century 12 Much of the material presented in this section is reproduced from NFA (2007). 112

229 when the Chinese and Japanese markets were closed due to the Sino-Japanese War and World War II. During the 1970s, the only area of PNG that was producing beche-de-mer in commercial quantities was Milne Bay, through the (then) Samarai Fisheries Project (the forerunner of the Milne Bay Fishing Authority, see below). There were limited exports during this period until the Bwanabwana Fishing Company (the forerunner of Nako Marine, see below) began operations in the mid-1970s. Milne Bay's bechede-mer fishery has been operating since then (Kinch, 2002a). The increase in exploitation and exports of beche-de-mer from Milne Bay Province over the last 20 years is linked to the removal of trade barriers to the Peoples Republic of China during the late 1980s, and China s concurrent increase in wealth and purchasing power since adopting a capitalist economy. This increase in wealth has vastly increased the demand for marine products, with significant impacts on prices paid. The latest boom in production is also associated with drops in supplies from other major beche-de-mer producing countries, and this is reflected in the prices paid to fishers. This has provided an incentive for them to shift from the fin-fish fishery and for farmers to shift from agricultural cash-cropping, and to relax religious taboos regarding the harvest of sea cucumbers. PNG is now the third largest exporter of beche-de-mer in the world, with the majority of exports heading to the Special Administrative Region (SAR) of Hong Kong. Milne Bay Province supplies approximately 32% of all exports from PNG. Exports of BDM for Milne Bay Province rose from 27,793 kg in 1994 (worth PGK236,720) to 201,267 kg in 2006 (worth PGK13,138, ) (Kinch, 2004a). In recent years, the low-value species, lollyfish, has dominated exports. Methods of harvesting of beche-de-mer in Milne Bay Province include hand-collection while wading on reefs, free diving, or the use of lead "bombs", which have small harpoons imbedded in the bottom of a weight. Beche-de-mer is produced by a process of boiling, cleaning, drying and smoking and requires the use of boiling containers (typically discarded 200 litre oil drums); smoke sheds and racks, and large quantities of firewood. The boiling and drying process is to preserve and prepare the product for marketing. Drying is a slow process that takes several days. The drying racks are usually housed in a small wooden stick-framed building covered with woven coconut palm fronds, which helps to concentrate the heat and smoke. After the curing process is finished, the beche-de-mer are then packed in copra or plastic sacks and delivered to the market or sold to trade stores. Year Production (kg) , , , , , , , , , , Source: NFA database. 13 Source: NFA statistical database. 113

230 Resource status The earliest stock assessments for Milne Bay Province are noted by Lindholm (1978). In 1980, a marine resource inventory was conducted around the Samarai Islands and along the Long Kossman Reef (which stretches from Ware Island to the Bramble Haven Islands) (Chesher, 1980a). A sea cucumber stock assessment was conducted in 1997 by NFA in conjunction with the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. Eighteen species were identified from the survey with densities ranging from animals/ha (Lokani et al., 1997). The Milne Bay Stock Assessment and Bio-geographical Survey was carried out in 2001 as a collaborative effort between the Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO), NFA, and Conservation International (CI) (see (Skewes et al., 2003a). Specific objectives of this stock assessment were to assess the current state of sea cucumber resources and other sedentary resources (e.g. clams), and to collect habitat data on Milne Bay Province. In total, 1,126 sites were surveyed across Milne Bay Province over a six-week period. The stock assessment determined a mean density of animals/ha for all commercial sea cucumber species. The mean density of high-value species was 5.22/ha. Individual species had the following mean densities: amberfish 0.63/ha, black teatfish 0.18/ha, blackfish 0.12/ha, brown sandfish 0.99/ha, curryfish 0.09/ha, elephant trunkfish 0.04/ha, flowerfish 0.37/ha, greenfish 3.81/ha, lollyfish 9.81/ha, pinkfish 2.15/ha, prickly redfish 0.47/ha, stonefish 0.02/ha, surf redfish 0.12/ha, tigerfish 1.33/ha, and white teatfish 0.42/ha (Skewes et al., 2002). The current total allowable catch (TAC) for Milne Bay Province is 140 mt, up from the original TAC of 60 mt. The original TAC was based on export data that were assessed by NFA in The stock assessment estimated that the maximum sustainable yield for the beche-de-mer fishery in Milne Bay Province was 108 mt. Despite fishers' concerns, and the increase in territorial disputes over sea cucumber resource areas, and despite the results of the most recent stock assessment, the TAC and the number of overall exports remain high. Harvesting pressure continues as prices continue to rise, and there is some concern over the long-term sustainability of this very important fishery: not only to Milne Bay's coastal and island people, but also to the revenue this resource generates through the service sector and the national economy. A marine resources stock assessment was carried throughout the Milne Bay Province during 11th October to 19th November 2001 as a collaborative effort between the Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO), the National Fisheries Authority (NFA) and Conservation International. This stock assessment was proposed by the Director of Kiwali Exports, Mr Jon Luc Critten and moved by the Chairman and Governor Titus Philemon at the 3rd Milne Bay Provincial Beche-de-mer Management Committee held on the 07th March The James Cook University research vessel, the RV James Kirby was used for this survey. A total of 1,126 sites were surveyed throughout the Milne Bay Province, with 164 sites surveyed in the Kiriwina LLG and 64 sites surveyed in the immediate waters of the Trobriand Islands (Kinch, 2002d). The results of the stock assessment show that even though there are still significant numbers of beche-de-mer left in the MBP, the overall density of beche-de-mer in the MBP at 21 beche-de-mer per hectare is much lower than other areas of the Torres Straits and the Great Barrier Reef which have around 160 beche-de-mer per hectare and similar to heavily depleted fisheries such as the Timor Box (27 beche-de-mer per hectare). The current Total Allowable Catch (TAC) of 140 metric tonnes is above the maximum level for sustainability of 108 metric tonnes. Current management framework In the early 20 th Century, attempts were made to manage the province's beche-de-mer fishery via the Pearl, Pearl Shell and Beche-de-mer Ordinance, which prohibited the harvesting of sea cucumbers between the high water mark and a line drawn parallel to and a distance of 800 m from the high water mark (Kinch, 2002a, 2004a). 114

231 Today, NFA has gazetted the National Beche-de-mer Management Plan, for regulation and management of the beche-de-mer fishery in PNG. This plan now supersedes the previous Milne Bay Beche-de-mer Management Plan. This new plan outlines several management regulations, including size limits (Table 5), a closed season from 1 October 15 January each year (or when the TAC for each province has been reached), gear restrictions (which prohibit the harvesting of sea cucumbers at night with the use of underwater lights), and the use of underwater breathing devices such as scuba or hookah gear. Companies purchasing and exporting beche-de-mer must be licensed by NFA. Minimum size limits (live and dried animals)is in place for 21 of the major exported species (NFA, 2001, Kinch, 2004a). 5.3 TROCHUS Fishery Trochus (Trochus niloticus) are typically found in shallow, high wave energy areas of barrier and fringing reefs in depths of up to 10 m. They are relatively slow-growing gastropod molluscs that feed on filamentous algae and generally avoid sandy sea bottoms and living corals. Population densities generally decrease with depth, while mean individual sizes increase. Trochus have been harvested commercially in Milne Bay Province since the late 1800s, with further expansion in the mid-1970s when the market value increased considerably as a result of the fashion industry using buttons made from natural products. Trochus shell is also occasionally used in the production of handicrafts and jewellery. Trochus meat is also an important subsistence food source. Two other trochus species (T. maculatus and T. pyramis) exist but are currently of no commercial value because their shell walls are too thin. Because trochus inhabit easily accessible areas on coral reefs, they are readily found and collected either by waders on reef flats or by divers in relatively shallow water (i.e. < 5 m). Despite their cryptic behaviour and inconspicuous algae-covered shells, they are easily spotted by divers and are susceptible to over-fishing. During processing, trochus are first boiled and the flesh extracted and consumed immediately, or smoked for later consumption, trade or sale. The shell is then stored and later sold at trade-stores in the village, to exporting company vessels on their buying rounds, or directly to exporters in Alotau. Trochus exports have remained relatively consistent (Table 6), with fluctuations due to the rise and fall in market prices. The decline in exports since 2004 is due to the presence of a button factory in Rabaul, so there are fewer exports to traditional button-making areas in Asia. Trochus exports from Milne Bay Province in 1994 were 84,675 kg (worth PGK 471,205). In 2004, the figure was 42,550 (worth PGK403,929). Yearly production varies, with an average of around 80,000 kg. 115

232 Year Production (kg) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Source: NFA database. Resource status During the 2001 Milne Bay Stock Assessment and Bio-geographical Survey, an estimated stock size of approximately 74.0 t was given for trochus in Milne Bay Province (Skewes et al., 2003a). This estimate is thought to be an underestimate of the true stock size because stock assessments for trochus require targeted sampling of the preferred habitat, which is the high energy reef crest. Also, juvenile trochus are very difficult to sample as they are not only small, but also cryptic (Castell, 1997). Further surveys using appropriate sampling protocols are required. Management framework The main piece of government legislation with regards to harvesting trochus is the 2002 Notice of Prohibition of Taking Sedentary Organisms. This notice prohibits the harvesting of trochus at night with the use of underwater lights, and the use of underwater breathing devices such as scuba or hookah gear. The minimum harvestable size for trochus is 8 cm and the maximum size is 12 cm. The minimum size limit allows the trochus to reach sexual maturity, while the maximum size limit ensures that older specimens are not harvested, thus maximising reproduction. Companies purchasing and exporting trochus must be licensed by NFA. AsiaPac Ltd in Alotau is a trading company specialising in purchasing trochus, black and gold lip pearl shell and shark fins from Provincial fishermen, and selling on to mostly Asian buyers (e.g. Hong Kong). Beche-de-mer were also purchased prior to implementation of the national ban on catches. The Company has been operating for over 20 years. Exported 2 containers (13 tonne a container) this year. Some degree of business with button blank processor MSB (PNG) Ltd. In Kokopo, (East New Britain Province) in past years but mainly export shells as commodities directly overseas. The Company s data indicates that average sizes of purchased trochus within the province have decreased in recent years, most purchased are mainly in the 8-10 cm range. The general perception is 116

233 that more effort is required to maintain catch rates, including fishing in locations further afield than a few years ago. Similarly, lower numbers of shark fins are collected these days. Fishers have indicated to the company that it difficult to capture sharks close to shore and coastal communities these days. Overexploitation is assumed responsible for this. The company indicated that prices for shark fins have decreased lately, perhaps due to increasing awareness in the main Asian markets of the plight of shark resources world-wide due to over-exploitation for the fin trade. The company may be interested in exporting seaweed if and when production increases. NFA collects export data (total tonnes) for all products from the company. No arrangement is in place for sharing this data at provincial level, or any analyses that may be performed on the data. 5.4 GIANT CLAM Fishery Giant clams belong to the family Tridacnidae (Munro, 1993). Of the nine species of giant clams (Wells, 1997), possibly seven occur in Milne Bay Province: giant clam (Tridacna gigas), southern giant clam (Tridacna derasa), scaly clam (Tridacna squamosa), small giant clam (Tridacna maxima), crocus clam (Tridacna crocea), bear paw clam (Hippopus hippopus), and the china clam (Hippopus porcellanus). The harvesting of giant clams has always been an important subsistence activity for Milne Bay Province's coastal and islands people. It has, however, undergone periods of intense commercial activity, which seeks out giant clams for their adductor muscle. Poaching of giant clams has been a problem since the early-1920s, but the main period of extensive poaching was between 1967 and 1981, which saw a sharp increase in the number of illegal Taiwanese fishing vessels in the province (Kinch, 2001). In 1996, there were reports that Asian buyers at Losuia (Trobriand Islands) had illegally purchased more than one tonne of giant clams, which were subsequently smuggled to Port Moresby and shipped to overseas destinations mixed with other seafood exports (Kinch, 2002b). Commercial fisheries for giant clams developed in Milne Bay Province in the wake of the reduction of illegal fishing by Taiwanese vessels, and in response to sustained demand. The Milne Bay Fisheries Authority (MBFA) began exporting giant clams from the province from (Lokani and Ada, 1998), followed by Nako Marine in 1995 (Table 7). In 1997, 16 mt of clam shells were also exported. In May 1988, the purchase and export of wild giant clams was banned by the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). This ban was lifted in 1995 on the understanding that a management plan for the sustainable harvest of giant clams was in place. Although the Milne Bay Province Giant Clam Fishery Management Plan had been drafted by NFA, it was never gazetted because of confusion over the responsibility for enforcing the plan and because of opposition from commercial and political interests. In 2000, exports of all giant clam products in Milne Bay Province were reintroduced. Resource status The first stock abundance estimates for giant clams in Milne Bay Province were carried out in 1980 in the southeast of the province (Chesher, 1980a). Survey results estimated giant clam densities of 39 animals/ha for all species. In 1996, a combined stock assessment by the (then) South Pacific Commission (SPC) and NFA was carried out in the Engineer and Conflict Groups of islands. Results from this survey recorded the following mean densities for individual species: Hippopus hippopus 20.1/ha, Tridacna maxima 17.9/ha, Tridacna crocea 11.9/ha, Tridacna squamosa 5.8/ha, Tridacna derasa 5.3/ha, Tridacna gigas 0.4/ha and Hippopus porcellanus 0.3/ha. Ledua et 117

234 al.(1996) suggested that stock densities of all giant clam species were down by 82% of the original population, with overall densities of all giant clam species estimated at only 0.5/ha. The 2000 marine biodiversity survey conducted by CI, reported that most Tridacna species were small, and that few large individuals had been seen (Allen et al., 2003). During the 2001 Milne Bay Stock Assessment and Biogeographical Survey, the overall densities of Tridacna gigas were 0.82 animals/ha, Tridacna maxima 1.79/ha, Tridacna derasa 0.34/ha, Tridacna squamosa 1.37/ha, Tridacna crocea 14.85/ha and Hippopus hippopus 0.41/ha (Skewes et al., 2003a). Management framework Giant clams have been listed in the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) Appendix II since 1985 (Table 8) (Wells, 1997). Species listed in Appendix II are deemed not currently threatened with extinction but are at risk of becoming so unless trade is regulated (Wijnstekers, 1995). The objectives outlined in the aforementioned ungazetted Milne Bay Province Giant Clam Fishery Management Plan were to manage the wild population of giant clams and to maintain the fishery at an economically sustainable level. Fishing restrictions under this plan stated that fishing for giant clams was to be limited to free diving (i.e. no use of hookah gear or scuba). The use of mechanical fishing methods such as ropes with hooks were also not to be used and all fishing was to be carried out from small boats with a maximum of 40 hp outboard. Marketing restrictions under the plan also stated that giant clam products should meet all CITES conditions of export, with all exports inspected and certified by a CITES inspector. All adductor muscles destined for export should be declared as adductor muscle, and all giant clam products destined for export should state whether the clams were raised from a farm or harvested from the wild (National Fisheries Authority, 1996). In order to ensure the sustainability of giant clam populations in Milne Bay Province, several approaches to management could be proposed. These include the establishment of marine protected areas, which would concentrate the remaining adult clams so that their reproduction can be facilitated by their closer proximity; and, seeding cultured giant clams of sufficient size or in sufficient numbers and releasing these into the wild to produce adult populations. Harvesting quotas coupled with size restrictions could also offer prospects for management. Chesher (1980a) suggested size limits for the commercial harvest of giant clams in Milne Bay Province at 45 cm and 65 cm (across the widest part of the shell) for Tridacna gigas and 30 cm and 55 cm for Tridacna derasa. Currently, the main piece of government legislation that mentions the harvesting of giant clams is the Notice of Prohibition of Taking Sedentary Organisms. This notice prohibits the harvesting of giant clams at night with the use of underwater lights, and the use of underwater breathing devices such as scuba or hookah gear. 5.5 PEARL OYSTER Fishery The pearl shell fishery dates back to at least the 1880s (Roe, 1961). Three species of pearl shell are found in Milne Bay Province: goldlip pearl shell (Pinctada maxima), blacklip pearl shell (Pinctada margaritifera), and the rayed pearl shell (Pinctada radiata) also called "lapi". The blacklip pearl shell provides an important income source for artisanal fishers in Milne Bay Province (Table 9). The larger goldlip pearl shell is mostly found in deeper open water and is rarely associated with emergent coral reefs. Therefore, it is difficult for fishers to harvest them without using specialised underwater breathing devices, which are prohibited for artisanal fishers. In 2004, a high point of production, 29,850 kg were exported from MBP (worth PGK159,165). Before this year, average yearly production did not rise above 10,000 kg. 118

235 A. Blacklip Year Production (kg) , , , , , , , Source: NFA database. B. Goldlip Year Production (kg) , , Source: NFA database. Resource status Early stock assessments for pearl shell were carried out in the late 1970s and early 1980s (Chesher, 1980a, b). During the 2001 Milne Bay Stock Assessment and Biogeographical Survey, the density of blacklip pearl shells was 0.19 animals/ha (Skewes et al., 2003a). This is considered a gross underestimate as pearl oysters are quite cryptic. Therefore, a specific assessment protocol should be developed to estimate their actual abundance. 119

236 Management framework the 2002 Notice of Prohibition of Taking Sedentary Organisms. This notice prohibits the harvesting of pearl oysters at night with the use of underwater lights, and the use of underwater breathing devices such as scuba or hookah gear. The minimum harvestable size for blacklip pearl oysters is 9 cm (basal width). The minimum size for goldlip pearl oysters is 13 cm and the maximum size is 23 cm. The minimum size limit for goldlip allows them to reach sexual maturity before they are harvested, while the maximum size limit ensures that larger, older oysters will remain for reproduction. Companies purchasing and exporting pearl oysters must be licensed by the National Fisheries Authority. 5.6 MOLLUSCS Fishery Molluscs form an important part of the subsistence diet of rural coastal communities in Milne Bay Province. The shell species most commonly consumed include the commercially harvested species, Pinctada margaritifera and Trochus nilotus; and non-commercial shells such as Acra spp., Anadara spp., Anodontia edentula, Asaphis violascens, Atactodea striata, Atrina spp., Cassis cornuta, Cellana spp., Cerithium nodulosor, Cerithium spp., Chama spp., Charonia tritonis, Chicoreus spp., Chlamys senatoria, Clypeomorus batillariaeformis, Codakia spp., Conus spp., Cymatium spp., Cymia lacera, Cypraea spp., Decatopecten radula, Dendostrea folium, Distorsio spp., Fragum spp., Gafrarium spp., Gari spp., Gloripallium pallium, Haliotis spp., Hippopus spp., Isognomon spp., Lambis spp., Latirolagena smaragdula, Latirus polygonus, Lioconcha castrensis, Littoraria spp., Mactra spp., Melo spp., Monodonta labio, Natica spp., Nerita spp., Neverita spp., Oliva spp., Patella flexuosa, Patelloida saccharina, Periglypta spp., Pinctada maculate, Pinctada radiate, Pitar spp., Pleuroploca trapezium, Polinices spp., Polymesoda spp., Pteria penguin, Rhinoclavis spp., Ruditapes variegates, Saccostrea cuccullata, Siphonaria spp., Spondylus spp., Strombus luhuanus, Tapes literatus, Tectarius spp., Tectus spp., Tellina spp., Terebra spp., Terebralia spp., Thais spp., Trachycardium spp., Tridacna spp., Trochus maculates, Turbo spp., and Vasum turbinellus (Kinch, 2003a). Women and girls are the predominant collectors, although men occasionally help. Molluscs are often eaten as snacks or are cooked in a soup with local greens. The Strombid gastropod, Strombus luhuanus or blood mouth conch, has traditionally been one of the most important molluscs in the outer islands (where there are suitable sandy sea-grass habitats). The shells are collected by walking and wading during the day, usually on an ebbing tide. These shells are often processed for later consumption, trade or sale. In mangrove areas, such as the Samarai Group and the Suau coast, species such as Littoraria spp., Terebralia spp., Anodontia edentula, and Polymesoda spp., are regularly harvested and sold in the markets at Samarai and Alotau. There is also a small market for ornamental molluscs, which are sold to tourists or passing yachts. Mother-of-pearl is often used in inlay work in Trobriand Island carvings, while Spondylus spp. is used in the production of ceremonial shell money, known locally as "bagi". The main bagi production area is the eastern Louisiade Islands. 120

237 Production of shell by year: Year Production (kg) , Source: NFA database. Resource status Unknown for individual species. Management framework None in place. 5.7 CORAL REEF FINFISH Coral reef finfish in Milne Bay Province belong to the overall Indo-west Pacific faunal community. The reef fishes are very similar to those inhabiting other areas within this vast region, stretching eastward from East Africa and the Red Sea to the islands of Micronesia and Polynesia. A total of 209 coral reef finfish species representing 69 genera and 27 families have been reported in Milne Bay Province as being edible. Just over half of these fish belong to the families Serranidae, Acanthuridae, Scaridae, Lutjanidae and Holocentridae (Allen, et al., 2003). Coral reef finfish commonly caught for consumption, trade or sale include: Acanthuridae, Alectis ciliaris, Apogonidae, Aprion virescens, Atherinidae, Balistidae, Belonidae, Bolbometopon muricatum, Carangidae, Charcharinidae, Chelinus spp., Choerodon anchorago, Dasyatidae, Decapterus russelli, Diagramma spp., Elegatis bipinnulatus, Epinephelus spp., Fistularia commersonii, Galeocerdo cuvieri, Grammatorcynos bilineatus, Hologymnosus doliatus, Kyphosus spp., Lethrinus spp., Lutjanus spp., Megalaspis cordyle, Monotaxis grandoculus, Mugilidae, Mullidae, Naso spp., Ostracidae, Paracanthurus hepatus, Pentaprion longimanus, Platax spp., Platycephalidae, Plectropomus spp., Plectrorhinchus spp., Pomacanthidae/Chaetodontidae, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Scariidae, Scolopsis xenochrous, Scombridae, Selar spp.,serranidae, Siganus spp., Sphyraena spp., Thalassoma hardwickei, Trachinotus blochii, Upeneus vittatus, and Variola spp. Fishery Coral reef finfish have been continuously exploited since the arrival of people in the area some thousands of years ago. It is only since the 1960s, however, that efforts have been made to develop this into a commercial fishery. During the 1970s two fishing operations started up but were later unsuccessful. These were the Nimoa Fishing Association and the Louisiade Fisheries. The Bwanabwana Fishing Company was also operational on Samarai Island, and in 1980, the Milne Bay Fishing Authority (MBFA) was established. The formation of the MBFA amalgamated the previous efforts of the Department of Primary Industries' fisheries division with national government marketing endeavours into a single 121

238 statutory corporation. The purpose of the MBFA was to provide marketing outlets for fishers, and to provide training and extension services in fishing technology, boat building, maintenance and other related skills required for fishing (ANZDEC, 1995). A fisheries station was subsequently established at Samarai with out-stations established at Vakuta, Kaulametu, Brooker and Tagula. A freezer plant was also constructed at Bwagaioa on Misima Island. For the first two or three years, the MBFA functioned with the support of government funding. From 1984 onwards, additional capital was injected by way of the International Food and Agriculture Development Artisanal Fisheries Program (ANZDEC, 1995). The MBFA was finally closed in 1990 due to a breakdown in its organisational structure, over-capitalisation in equipment, overstaffing, high overhead purchasing costs, transportation, processing, and marketing, and a lack of protection by the government in the areas of illegal fishing and buyers from other provinces. In addition, the program also carried out a range of extension, training and other subsidised activities of a non-profit kind (ANZDEC, 1995). Resource rights were another problem. While in operation, the average volume of fish processed by MBFA during one month was approximately 10 t (Table 12), with the bulk of the fisheries product comprised of low-value coral reef finfish. It was finally recommended that the MBFA operation be commercialised by involving private enterprises, and in 1995, most MBFA assets, boats, staff and the manager were acquired by Nako Marine (see below). During the early and mid-1990s, a fisheries company was started by Misma Mine Ltd under an agreement with the PNG national government. Coral Sea Fisheries purchased a "mother" ship that cruised the islands, encouraging villagers to fish. Coral Sea Fisheries was in operation from , and during this period, it exported 56 t of fish (Table 13). According to comments by Australian fish distributors in Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, and Brisbane, there were problems relating to grading, undersize fish and species identification (Mounsey, 1996). Nako Marine was originally a subsidiary company of Masurina Ltd., which was founded in Nako Marine previously purchased coral reef finfish from island and coastal fishers using a fleet of vessels carrying large ice boxes. Most of the fish purchased by Nako Marine were sold domestically to supermarket chains and larger catering companies. Because most coral reef finfish are sold domestically, exports are limited (Table 14). Fresh and smoked coral reef fin-fish are also sold at local markets and the main market in Alotau. Estimates of annual fisheries production from Milne Bay Province's coral reefs range from 10,296 15,740 t/year (ANZDEC, 1995). Coral reef finfish production, by year: Year Production (kg) , , , , , , , , Source: NFA database. 122

239 Resource status Marine biodiversity surveys conducted in Milne Bay Province by CI in 1998 and 2000, recorded 1,109 reef fish species, comprising 357 genera and 93 families. The most abundant 10 families, in terms of number of species, were gobies (Gobiidae), wrasses (Labridae), damselfishes (Pomacentridae), cardinalfishes Apogonidae), groupers (Serranidae), butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae), blennies (Blenniidae), surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae), snappers (Lutjanidae), and parrotfishes (Scaridae), all of which account for 58.7% of the total reef fauna (Allen, 2003). The species of coral reef finfish present at any particular location within Milne Bay Province depends on the availability of food and shelter and the diversity of the substrata. The highest number of coral reef finfish species are usually found in areas with predominantly coral or rock reef substratum, relatively clear water, periodic strong currents, and the presence of additional habitats (sand-rubble, seagrass, mangroves, etc.) in close proximity (i.e. within easy swimming distance of the primary coral reef habitat) (Allen, 2003). Milne Bay Province's coral reef finfish are presently fished relatively lightly. Destructive fishing methods such as dynamite and cyanide have not been used for many years, although Derris root is still used in some locations. Management framework None 5.8 LIVE REEF FISH TRADE (DIRECT HUMAN CONSUMPTION) Fishery The live reef food fish trade (LRFFT) involves catching certain species of reef finfish and keeping them alive in pens until there are enough fish to be freighted overseas, primarily to Asian countries. These live fish are either airfreighted or transported by specially-built boats to overseas markets. A wide range of LRFFT species are sold, but volumetrically, cods and groupers (Epinephelus spp. and Plectropomus spp.) are the primary target species. Many target species of the LRFFT are relatively uncommon, long-lived, slow growing, late maturing, and undergo a sex change, all of which make these fish vulnerable to overfishing. Two live reef fish operations were previously in operation in Milne Bay Province: one in the Trobriand Islands and the other in the D Entrecausteaux Islands. The latter was a joint operation with a Hong Kong-financed and Port Moresby-based company, and a local youth organisation supported by the National Youth Office. Wataluma, on Goodenough Island, was the base of this LRFFT enterprise, which operated from with exports during this time totalling more than 33 t (Table 15). The major targeted LRFFT species for this operation was the IUCN red-listed humphead Maori wrasse (Chelinus undulates) and various species of coral trouts (Plectropomus spp.). Exports of LRFFT species in 1998 from MBP totalled 11,756 kgs (worth PGK482,011) 14. The trial permit issued for this LRRFT operation stipulated the specific gear that could be used to capture the fish and the means of export; it also prohibited the use of chemicals and the degradation of coral reefs. A maximum of 120 t of LRFFT species was allowed (Milne Bay Provincial Government, 1998). The permit was later cancelled when it was discovered that the LRFFT operation was using cyanide to collect fish. The amount of cyanide being used was estimated to be around 2 t/month (Lokani and Kibikibi, 1998). Fishers became sick after ingesting large amounts of cyanide from collecting fish for the LRFFT. 14 Source: NFA statistics database. 123

240 The LRFFT was also considered by the now-defunct Coral Sea Fisheries and several other projects and companies in recent years. Since 2004, the LRFFT has been operating again in the Goodenough Island region. There are no current exports details for this new LRFFT operation. Over the past decade, demand has increased dramatically, resulting in overfishing for LRFFT species in most locations, including all of Southeast Asia and much of the Indo-Pacific. In general, the LRFFT operates in a given area for one to two years before moving on after target LRFFT species and market-size fish become scarce or governments or communities become disgruntled. Resource status During the 2001 joint sea cucumber stock assessment between NFA, CSIRO and CI, LRFFT species were recorded at all survey sites. These data have never been analyzed for a variety of reasons. Two surveys for spawning aggregations were completed in the Goodenough and Nuakata Islands areas by Conservation International (Rhodes, 2004; Wangunu, 2005). These surveys appeared to be conducted prior to or post optimal spawning periods, and therefore minimal spawning activity was observed. Based on findings from the two CI surveys, several recommendations were made: 1) an immediate closure of the LRFFT operation on Goodenough Island, 2) the implementation of a temporal catch, sales, possession and export ban in all areas for all LRFFT species during reproductive seasons (once these were established), and 3) the initiation of baseline abundance data gathering, from which to gauge the impacts of the LRFFT (Rhodes, 2004). Management The LRFFT is managed under the National Live Reef Food Fishery Management Plan. The plan imposes size limits (Table 16), restrictions on 1) fishing methods (to hand-lining only by resource owners), 2) areas of operations, 3) reporting procedures, and 4) other requirements detailed in the plan. Before an LRRFT operation can begin, community approval is necessary. A licensed LRFFT operator is allowed only one station with up to 20 holding cages for each management area. Each fish cage must be 3 m X 3 m X 4 m in size, and have a holding capacity of no more than 700 kg. A quarantine cage must also be constructed separately from fish cages for storing diseased fish for observer and quarantine purposes. For trans-shipment, fish cages may be towed to only one management area upon receipt of written approval from the Managing Director of NFA, at least 14 days prior to the actual trans-shipment. The Live Reef Food Fishery Management Plan also prohibits 1) the export of undersized LRFFT species 2) fishing within or in close proximity to a declared spawning aggregation site or known recreational diving spots, 3) the use explosives, noxious substances (including cyanide and naturally derived substances in any form) for the purpose of killing, stunning, rendering disabled or capturing LRFFT species, and 4) the use of hookah gear or scuba gear for capturing LRFFT species. Minimum size limits apply to the 12 of the most important LRFFT species. NFA also reserves the right to cease LRFFT operations in a management area in order to maintain a healthy reef fish stock. 5.9 TUNA Oceanic pelagic tunas such as skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga), and coastal inshore pelagic tunas such as mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), frigate tuna (Auxis thazard) and long-tail tuna (Thunnus tonggol) are known to be present in Milne Bay waters. Fishery In the mid-1990s, Nako Marine acquired two impounded Taiwanese longline vessels to begin tuna operations. Tuna was exported from Milne Bay Province from (Table 17), with some catch sold domestically. Nako Marine later sold these two vessels due to increasing unprofitability in exporting sashimi-grade tuna. There is currently no provincial longline fishing, although there are Port 124

241 Moresby-based vessels regularly fishing in Milne Bay Province, with the catch returned to Port Moresby for off-loading, processing and sale. Although no stock assessments have been conducted in Milne Bay Province for oceanic or coastal tunas, estimates for annual tuna potential have been attempted. Annual oceanic tuna potential has been estimated to be 60,000 t/year for skipjack tuna, 15,000 t/year for yellowfin, with small catches of albacore and bigeye tuna (ANZDEC, 1995). Coastal tunas have little value on the international fish markets, but feature regularly in local markets. The potential yield for mackerel and frigate tunas is estimated at a few hundred t/year, while long-tail tuna at a few t/year (ANZDEC, 1995). Tuna production by year: Year Production (kgs) , , Source: NFA database. Management framework The tuna fishery in PNG is managed under the National Tuna Fishery Management Plan. Purse-seine fishing is limited to PNG's northern waters, supplying fish to canneries in Lae, Madang and Wewak. Division II of the National Tuna Fishery Management Plan deals with tuna longline operations. The plan limits the total number of licenses tuna longline vessels to 100. Licenses are restricted to PNG-registered and flagged vessels, and locally based foreign fishing vessels operated by PNG companies. The total allowable catch for tunas caught by the longline fishery is 10,000 t/year. Longline tuna vessels are not allowed to fish within six miles from any land, island or declared reef. Between 2000 and 2002, four longline vessels ran aground aground on the reefs at Jomard and Panadalusdalu Islands, Bramble Haven and the Long/Kosmann Reef, allegedly fishing for shark. In 2001, four tuna longline vessels were impounded by the Milne Bay provincial government for having large quantities of sharkfin on board. In 1997, the Milne Bay provincial government introduced the Archipelagic Commercial Fishing (Milne Bay Waters) Prohibition Act. This act was an attempt to protect and conserve pelagic and nonpelagic fish stocks from being overexploited. But because NFA is responsible for managing the tuna fishery through its National Tuna Fishery Management Plan, the Archipelagic Commercial Fishing (Milne Bay Waters) Prohibition Act has no legal standing. Under Section 29 of the PNG Fisheries Management Act, game fishing clubs must, by law, supply records, returns and other information deemed necessary for the management, development and conservation of fishery resources including game fish in PNG waters. Managed on regional basis, through WCPFC DEMERSAL DEEP-WATER FISH The primary species caught by deepwater fishing include snappers (Etelis spp., Aphareus spp. and Pristipomoides spp.), sea breams (Gnathodentix spp. and Gymocranius spp.), and fusiliers (Paracaesio spp.). There is also a wide variety of other species including the less desirable Gempylids and sharks (Carcharhinus spp.). Species characteristic of shallow waters, also include snappers (Lutjanus spp.), emperors (Lethrinus spp.), trevallies (Caranx spp. and Seriola spp.), and groupers (Epinephelus spp.). Shallow-water species are also caught because of bottom irregularities; the swing of the fishing craft at anchor usually results in a considerable depth range being fished (Kinch, 2004b). Small Pristipomoides spp. are regularly sold in the Alotau market. 125

242 Fishery Deepwater fishing is an extension of typical shallow reef fishing methods, with slight variations for fishing at greater depths and for larger fish. The basic principle of this method is to lower a weighted line with baited hooks to the sea bottom and to attract fish to the hook with chum or burley bait. Fishing depths may reach m. During the 1970s and 1980s, the development of the deepwater snapper fishery received considerable attention through programs run by the South Pacific Commission (SPC now called the Secretariat of the Pacific Community), with assessments conducted in Milne Bay Province around Samarai Island in 1982 (Chapman and Fusimalohi, 1998; Sundberg and Richards, 1982). Additional research was also conducted near Misima in the late 1970s (Alu and Mee, 1979). During the 1982 Milne Bay Province fishing trials, catch-per-unit-of effort for deepwater snappers was between 2.5/kg/line-hour (Sundberg and Richards, 1982) and 3.0 kg/line-hour (Chapman and Fusimalohi, 1998). Given the preponderance of reef area in Milne Bay Province, it is possible that a significant number of deepwater snapper could be found. Using a rule of thumb estimate of 0.7 t of deep-water snapper/nautical mile (Polovina et al., 1990), estimates of the total deep-water snapper biomass could 1,150 t. Dalzell and Preston (1992) report that the annual maximum sustainable yield for deep-water fishes in the Pacific is thought to be between 10% and 30% of the unexploited biomass. This would mean that the maximum sustainable yield for Milne Bay Province could range from t/year. Given that there has been no commercial fishing for deepwater snapper, and thus no catch records and no resource estimates, these figures are purely speculative. Resource status No information. Management framework None SHARKS Shark fins contain proteinaceous fibres of elastin and collagen, called fin needles, which are highly prized in Asian markets, primarily for their use in the production of shark fin soup. Shark fins that are used commercially include the anal fin, caudal fin, pectoral fins, dorsal fins, and the lower caudal fin. The yield of shark fins depends on several factors, including species and size of shark, type of cut and degree of drying. Fishery Shark-fining is an expanding income-earning opportunity for many coastal and island fishers in Milne Bay Province. The most common species taken in the artisanal shark fin fishery include the blacklip reef shark (Carcharhinus melantropterus), lemon shark (Negaprion acutidens), whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus), grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhychos), tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvieri) and hammerhead species (Sphyrna spp.). The main method used for fishing is the vertical dropline. Common bait includes turtles, moray eels, stingrays and fish. Drying methods for shark fins include sun, wind and smoke drying. Shark fin exports have averaged around 2.8 t/year over the last few years (Table 19). Using the conversion ratio of 1.44% for dry fin weight to whole wet shark weight (Anderson and Ahmed, 1993), this would equal approximately 194 t of wet whole shark caught each year. In 1999, 52 kg of shark maw (stomach) was exported; and 100 kg of frozen shark meat was exported in During the 1980s, the Milne Bay Fisheries Authority also exported minor amounts of tanned shark skins, teeth, cartilage and oil. Shark fin exports grew from 861 kg in 1994 (worth PGK47,193) to 2,775 kg in 2005 (worth PGK594,104). 126

243 Resource status No information. Management framework Sharks are extremely vulnerable to overfishing primarily due to their long lifespan, late maturation, slow growth rate, and low fecundity (Musick et al., 2000; Barker and Schluessel, 2005). There are two primary difficulties in devising a management strategy for artisanal shark fin fishing in Milne Bay Province: there are no current abundance assessments of sharks in the area, and there is no way to accurately determine the volume of sharks caught by commercial shark longline vessels. The commercial shark fin fishery is managed under the National Shark Long-line Management Plan, which allows for nine licensed longline vessels that specifically target sharks. The catch from commercial shark fin longliners would need to be incorporated into a provincial artisanal shark fin management plan, after adequate abundance estimates had been established SPINY LOBSTER Fishery The main lobsters that are caught in Milne Bay waters are the double-spined ornate lobster (Panulirus pencillatus), ornate lobster (Panulirus ornatus), painted lobster (Panulirus versicolor) and the longlegged spiny lobster (Panulirus longpipes). Lobsters are caught by spear fishing while free-diving on reef slopes and crests. The use of underwater torches is a common practice, which is often more effective than searching for lobsters during the day, when they tend to reside in crevices and in the reef. Lobsters are boiled or roasted on the coals of fires for home consumption, and boiled and smoked for trade or for sale in local markets. Fresh lobster tails are sold to Nako Marine, supermarkets, and hotels in Alotau; and whole fresh lobsters can be purchased in the main market in Alotau. Fresh lobster tails are sold domestically to supermarket chains and larger catering companies, or are exported (table). Lobster exports from MBP peaked at 6,900 kg in 1999 (worth PGK418,621), declining to 1,750 in 2005 (worth PGK121,060). Spiny lobster production, by year: Year Production (kg) , Source: NFA database. 127

244 Resource status During the 2001 joint sea cucumber stock assessment between NFA, the CSIRO and Conservation International, the overall density for lobsters was estimated at 0.31/ha (Skewes et al., 2003a). This is most likely an underestimate as some species have very restricted habitat range, such as Panulirus penicillatus (Pitcher, 1993). Therefore, abundance estimates for lobsters require targeted sampling of appropriate habitats in order to produce adequate population estimates. Localised overharvesting has been reported in some localities in Milne Bay Province. Due to the long larval phase of lobster juveniles, lobsters will in time be restocked naturally. Management framework Management for the lobster fishery is guided by rules under the National Lobster Fishery Management Plan. This plan outlines several management regulations, including size limits (Table 21), and the prohibition on taking berried (egg-bearing) female lobsters at any time of the year. Companies purchasing and exporting lobsters must be licensed by NFA. Minimum size and weight specifications apply to all species MUD CRAB Fishery The mud or mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is the only known species of mud crab sold commercially in Milne Bay Province. Mud crabs are caught using a variety of methods, depending on the tide and location. During low tide, women use a forked stick to the hold the mud crab down, ensuring that both claws are immobilised. Traps or snares are used in some locations, as well as bait to lure mud crabs into the open. When caught, the mud crabs are tied with bush string to secure the claws and to ensure easy transportation. Mud crabs can survive for a few days when kept tied and in a cool place. Mud crabs are sold at local markets or the main market in Alotau. They are also sold to local hotels. There have been no reported exports of mud crabs from Milne Bay Province since 1997, when 950 kg of frozen and live mud crabs were exported. Main production areas are the Trobriand Islands, the Samarai Group and the Suau coast. NFA data indicates production for a single year (1995) of 624 kg. Resource status No information. Management framework There are no national or provincial management plans for the protection of mud crabs. Ideally, mud crabs should not be taken or sold if their shell is less than 15 cm in width (measured from each point across the back of the shell), although undersized mud crabs are regularly sold in the Alotau market PRAWNS Fishery Milne Bay Province's prawn fishery, which began operations in 1981, was small in comparison with that in the Gulf of Papua. Milne Bay's prawn fishery had two vessels owned by Nako Marine, which trawled in the fishing grounds of Saubina, Laimoda and Gaidasu in the Orangie Bay off the Suau coast. The main trawling season was March August. The prawn fishery in Milne Bay ceased operations in 2001, due to resource access disputes. 128

245 The main prawn species caught were banana prawns (Panaeus merguiensis) followed by giant or black tigers (Panaeus monodon), endeavours (Metapenaeus ensis), and tigers (P. semisulcatus) (Baule et al., 1996; Evans and Opnai, 1995). Before 1994, the catch was transported to either Samarai or Alotau, but after 1994, it was off-loaded at Mullins Harbour and transported by road to Alotau. This allowed the two vessels to fish more intensively. When operational, the fishery had an average annual yield of 13.9 t (Tables 22 and 23). Besides fishing effort, variation in annual catch can also be related to rainfall and freshwater discharge from rivers. Fluctuations in the discharge rates of rivers entering prawn nursery areas affect the timing and biomass of prawn recruitment. NFA data indicates production for a single year (2008) of 65 kg. Resource status The first prawn stock assessment in the province was in 1984, and was conducted in Milne Bay itself (Coates et al., 1984). Assessments followed in Orangie Bay when the area became an established fishery. The maximum sustainable yield was initially estimated to be around t (Evans and Opnai, 1994, 1995), but more probably around 30 t (Evans and Opnai, 1995). In the mid-1990s it was suggested that banana prawn stocks were already overexploited in Orangie Bay (Baule et al., 1996). Management framework Management in the mid-1990s for the Orangie Bay prawn fishery focused on limiting the number of fishing licenses to three, restricting vessel sizes to an overall length of 14 m, and protecting juveniles in nursery areas (Evans and Opnai, 1995). A yield total of 30 t was also suggested. Currently, the prawn fishery in PNG is managed by the Gulf of Papua Prawn Fishery Management Plan. This plan, as its title suggests, is specifically for the Gulf of Papua. Specific management mechanisms detailed in the plan, including licensing and fishing restrictions, area closures, the use of vessel monitoring systems, monitoring and reporting, and an observer program. Special consideration should be given to avoiding adverse impacts on subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries TURTLES There are possibly six species of turtles found in the coastal waters of Milne Bay Province. These include the flatback (Natator depressor), green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), loggerhead (Caretta caretta), and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea). Leatherbacks and olive ridleys are known from occasional sightings, and flatbacks may stray onto the south-eastern Suau coast. The remaining species use Milne Bay waters as feeding grounds, for mating, nesting and as a migratory pathway. Fishery Sea turtle harvesting in Milne Bay Province is a traditional fishery undertaken by coastal and island peoples for turtle meat and eggs for consumption, trade and sale. Utilitarian items such as sewing needles and lime spatulas, jewellery items such as earrings and bracelets, and ceremonial items are made from the shell of the hawksbill turtle. Hatchlings and juveniles are sometimes caught for children s amusement. Turtles do not play a big part in revenue for Milne Bay islanders, unlike other parts of PNG such as the Western, Gulf and Central provinces (Kwan, 1991, 1994; Prescott, 1986) although turtles are occasionally sighted for sale in Alotau and district markets, selling for around PGK for a green turtle and PGK for a hawksbill turtle (Kinch, 2003b). Resource status A harvesting survey conducted from at Brooker Island in the West Calavdos Chain of the Louisidae Archipelago, showed the extent of dependency on sea turtle resources by some island communities. During this period, 149 green turtles and 50 hawksbill turtles were harvested by Brooker Islanders. Turtle eggs are also highly prized as a food source and trade item, and during this 129

246 same period, eggs were taken from 408 green turtle nests and 196 hawskbill turtle nests (Kinch, 1999, 2002c, 2003b). A monitoring program was later developed for the West Calvados Chain and the Conflict Group (Kinch, 2002c), with surveys conducted in January 2003 (Kinch, 2003b) and December 2003 (Bell et al., 2004). This monitoring program has now ceased. Management framework All marine turtles are listed on Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) (Table 24), which means that the international trade in turtle species and their products is prohibited. Papua New Guinea is a signatory to CITES. In PNG, only the leatherback turtle is protected under the Fauna (Protection and Control) Act. Listing animals as "protected" turns them into state property and killing, purchasing or possessing a protected animal may incur fines of PGK 500/animal. To assist in the management of sea turtle resources in Milne Bay Province it has been suggested that the Department of Environment and Conservation review the current protection status of all sea turtles in PNG and change their status from unprotected to protected (if appropriate), and ban the commercial sale of all turtle products (Kinch, 2003b). Other management activities that could be pursued include the continuation of the assessment of nesting turtle populations and identification of key recruitment areas in the province, and inclusion of a tagging program. It may be possible to conduct satellite tracking and aerial surveys to determine migratory paths and foraging areas of nesting turtles. A monitoring program that evaluated the level of subsistence harvesting of turtles and eggs would also be useful in assessing trends and assist in estimating annual mortality. Such a monitoring program could be developed as part of a school project for islands in the targeted area, or could be carried out by part-time community rangers/recorders, in conjunction with an appropriately designed education and awareness programs for schools and public education campaigns. The main emphasis of this program would be in educating future harvesters about the biology and life cycle of these animals, and to create a greater awareness of the need for a sustainable and sensible approach to harvesting these species without wastage or unnecessary mortality (Kinch, 2002c, 2003b) OTHER FISHING ACTIVITIES (RECREATIONAL FISHING, SUBSISTENCE, FIXED GEARS ETC.) Game fishing The game fish fishery is in its infancy in PNG, although two large clubs operate out of Lae and Port Moresby, with smaller clubs in other provincial centres. The Milne Bay Game Fishing Club was established in The club has regular fishing contests and has won several local and PNG national records (Table 18). Because of the habitat and the distance to fishing grounds, game fish caught by members of the Milne Bay Game Fishing Club are restricted to smaller inshore pelagic and other fighting fish. There has been some interest in developing an offshore fish aggregation device program CORAL REEFS Because of its near equatorial location, Milne Bay Province has extensive coral reef systems estimated to include some 5,355 km² of reefs and shoals under 20 m deep (Table 25) (Skewes et al., 2003a). These reef systems are in close proximity to what is regarded as the epicentre of marine species diversity (an area known as the "Coral Triangle", which includes Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, southern Japan, northern Australia and the Solomon islands). 130

247 Resource status A total of 494 species of stony coral are known from PNG. During marine biodiversity surveys conducted by Conservation International in 1998 and 2000, 418 Scleractinian coral species were documented (Fenner, 2003). Coral species consisted mainly of zooxanthellate (algae-containing, reefbuilding) Scleractinian corals, with 97% of the species found in PNG falling into this group. In addition, there were six azooxanthellate (lacking algae) Scleractinians and 12 corals that were non- Scleractinians (helioporids, clavulariids, milleporids, and stylasterids). The most speciose genera are listed in Table 26. These 11 genera account for about 63% of the total observed species (Fenner, 2003). Dominant substrate observed on the coral reefs and shoals in Milne Bay Province was sand (65.5%) followed by rubble (10.0%) and hard substrate (8.1%) (Skewes et al., 2003b). Shoals were sandier than shallow reefs, whereas shallow reefs had more "pavement", consolidated rubble and hard substrate. The average percentage of live coral cover in Milne Bay Province was 6.6%, with an estimated 31,594 ha of live coral. Reef and shoal edges had the highest average cover of live coral, and the shallow reef top, the lowest. Even so, the shoal top strata contained the bulk of the live coral cover by area (48% of total live coral). The dominant growth forms for live coral in the Milne Bay Province were massive (28%), branching (26%), and digitate (19%), however, there were marked differences in the cover of each growth form among the different strata. Branching coral was more prevalent in the deeper strata, and sub-massive more prevalent on the shallower strata. Digitate forms were highest on the reef edge and shoal top, and encrusting coral most prevalent on the shoal and reef edges (Skewes et al., 2003b). Overall cover of dead standing (in situ) coral in Milne Bay was 0.3%, with an estimated 1,262 ha of dead standing coral with an overall mortality rate of 3.8%. The main coral growth forms affected by mortality were foliose and branching corals (Skewes et al., 2003b). The overall average cover of soft coral was 0.80% and there was an estimated 3,844 ha of soft coral in the 2001 study area, with Sarcophyton spp. dominant (Skewes et al., 2003b). Coral bleaching Coral bleaching has been regularly reported in latitudes north of S (Davies et al., 1997; Sweatman et al., 2002; Miller et al., 2004), with shallow fringing reefs (less than 20 m deep) mostly affected. Coral bleaching was recorded at every site in Milne Bay, and was conspicuously absent at southern sites, including the vast Louisiade Archipelago. Branching corals (particularly Acropora spp. and Pocillopora spp.) are the more severely affected. Bleaching in Milne Bay Province occurs at the time of the annual maximum monthly surface sea 131