Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance
|
|
- Alyson King
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance I. Genes, Chromosomes, and Genotypes II. Germ Cells and Their Formation III. Formation of the Embryo IV.The Randomness of Inheritance V. Dominance and Epistasis VI.Sex-Related Inheritance
2 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance Learning Objective: For students to understand basic genetic terms and Mendel s laws of inheritance and to be able to apply this knowledge to predict genetic outcomes using Punnett squares.
3 I. Genes, Chromosomes, and Genotypes Gene The basic unit of inheritance found on chromosomes. Chemically made of DNA, the molecule that forms the genetic code for a specific body protein. Allele A different version of the same gene (B vs. b). Originally the result of mutation. Chromosome The structural carrier of genes (roughly 1,000 genes on a chromosome). Inherited in pairs. Largely consists of long strands of DNA. Locus The specific location of a gene on a chromosome (plural is loci).
4 Genes Chemically composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), consisting of nucleotides : base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) sugar (deoxyribose) phosphate (phosphoric acid) The genetic code or codon AAG = Lysine
5
6 30-50 million years Evolution of Cattle: 1 million years 1/4 million years
7 Evolution of Cattle: Cattle have 30 pairs of chromosomes, one member from each parent. A chromosome bears approx. 1,200 genes for a total of approx. 36,000 genes. Eldridge, 1985
8 Chromosome numbers of Livestock species: Cattle, bison, goats 60 Horses 64 Donkeys 62 Pigs 38 Rabbits 44 Sheep 54 Chickens 78 Turkeys 80 This karyotype is for which species?
9 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance II. Germ Cells and Their Formation
10 II. Germ Cells and Their Formation Mendel s Laws of Inheritance: 1) Segregation The separation of paired chromosomes bearing genes during germ formation. 2) Independent Assortment The independent separation of genes at different loci on the same chromosome during germ formation. 3) Recombination The formation of a new combination of genes on a chromosome as a result of crossing-over during germ formation.
11 Mendel s Laws of Inheritance: 1) Segregation The separation of paired chromosomes bearing genes during germ formation.
12 Mendel s Laws of Inheritance: 2) Independent Assortment The independent separation of genes at different loci during germ formation.
13 Mendel s Laws of Inheritance: Parental Genotypes: JJBB JJBb JjBb J J J j B B B Gametes: b b
14 Mendel s Laws of Inheritance: 3) Recombination The formation of a new combination of genes on a chromosome as a result of crossing-over during germ formation, which ensures equal proportions of gene combinations as observed in the offspring generation.
15 Mendel s Laws of Inheritance: Exception to Independent Assortment and Recombination is Linkage. Example: Rose-combed Creeper Chickens {R = Rose comb/ r = Single comb; C = Creeper/ c = Normal}
16 Example: Rose-combed Creeper Chickens Line A Line B Parental RRCC X rrcc lines {Rose-Creeper} {Single-Normal} RrCc F 1 cross RrCc X rrcc Backcross (Test for linkage)
17 RrCc X rrcc Backcross mating RC Rc rc rc rc RrCc Rrcc rrcc rrcc 22 (P) (P) Rose-Creeper Rose-Normal Single-Creeper Single-Normal L = R/T (L = linkage coefficient) L = 5/60 = 8.3% (L=50% indicates no linkage)
18 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance III. Formation of the Embryo Single Gene Effects: A trait influenced by a single gene Dominance Only 1 gene copy is needed (B_) Recessive Two gene copies are needed (bb)
19 III. Formation of the Embryo Single Gene Effects: Homozygous dominant (BB) Phenotype = Bay color Heterozygous (Bb) Phenotype = Bay color Homozygous recessive (bb) Phenotype = Sorrel color
20 Littlejohn, M.D., K.M. Henty, K. Tiplady, T. Johnson, C. Harland, T. Lopdell, R.G. Sherlock, W. Li, S.D. Lukefahr, B.C. Shanks, D.J. Garrick, R.G. Snell, R.J. Spelman, and S.R. Davis Functional reciprocal mutations of the prolactin signalling pathway define hairy and slick cattle. Nature Communications 5, Article NC 2014
21 More trait examples of simply inherited traits are available at the ANSC 3335 website (Course Documents).
22 Punnett Square Method Bay versus Sorrel Mating of a BB stallion x bb mare Mare Stallion B b 100% of offspring should be heterozygous and Bay colored.
23 Punnett Square Method Mating of a Bb stallion x bb mare Mare b B Stallion b 1:1 genotypic and phenotypic ratio
24 Punnett Square Method Stallion B b Mating of a Bb stallion x Bb mare Mare B A 1:2:1 genotypic and a 3:1 phenotypic ratio b
25 Punnett Square Method - Roan Shorthorns Mating of a Rr bull x Rr cow Cow R R Bull r 1:2:1 genotypic and phenotypic ratio r
26
27 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance IV. The Randomness of Inheritance Prediction of number of unique gene combinations in gametes and in zygotes: Gametes: Zygotes: 2 n 3 n Aa = 2 1 = 2 (A,a) Aa x Aa = 3 1 = 3 = (AA, Aa, aa) AaBB = 2 1 = 2 (AB, ab) AaBb = 2 2 = 4 (AB, Ab, ab, ab) AaBb x AaBb = 3 2 = 9 (AABB, AABb, AAbb, AaBB, AaBb, Aabb, aabb, aabb, aabb) n = = 1.27 x ; = 5.15 x 10 47
28 Quantitative traits, which by definition are influenced by many genes, have a normal distribution (a bellshaped frequency distribution) due to the cumulative and independent effects of many genes.
29 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance V. Dominance and Epistasis No dominance The phenotypic expression of the heterozygote is exactly mid-way between both homozygous genotypes (i.e., expression of both alleles; co-dominance ). Partial dominance The phenotypic expression of the heterozygote more closely resembles the expression of the homozygous dominant genotype (e.g., incomplete dominance ). Complete dominance The phenotypic expression of the heterozygote is identical to the expression of the homozygous dominant genotype. Overdominance The phenotypic expression of the heterozygote is outside the range of the expressions of the homozygous genotypes but usually more closely resembles the expression of the homozygous dominant genotype. Epistasis Inter-allelic interaction. The phenotypic expression of an allele at one locus depends on the alleles present at one or more other loci.
30 V. Dominance and Epistasis A linear model approach
31 V. Dominance and Epistasis Examples: No dominance Roan Shorthorn cattle; Calico cats. Partial dominance Comprest Herefords; HYPP in horses. Complete dominance Polled cattle; Bay colored horses; White-belted Hampshire hogs. Overdominance Fertility in F 1 cows; Sickle-cell anemia in humans; Warfarin resistance in rats. Epistasis and Palomino colors in horses.
32 V. Dominance and Epistasis Examples: Partial dominance Comprest Herefords Photo credit: Harlen Ritchie Photo credit: J.F. Lasley
33 Epistasis - In the Rabbit Gene Symbols: A = Agouti C = Color c chl = Light chinchilla Agouti A_C_E_ E = Color e = Red Rabbit video Light chinchilla A_c chl _E_ Ghost chinchilla A_c chl _ee Red A_C_ee
34 V. Dominance and Epistasis A horse breeder recently observed a rare Tobaloosa horse and was so impressed that he decided to produce his own. The photo reveals what resembles a Tobiano from the front-half and an Appaloosa from the rear-half of the animal. He first plans on mating a Tobiano stallion (also called Pinto) to an Appaloosa mare. His next plan is to take a Tobianomarked offspring from this mating and backcross it to an unrelated but nicely marked Appaloosa.
35 Punnett Square Method Trait Gene Phenotype Tobiano T Large spots or patches of color t Solid body color (no spots) Appaloosa A Solid body color (no spots) a White rump with small dark spots a) Predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcomes and also show these as ratios for the offspring from the first mating (Tobiano stallion with the genotype of Tt AA to an Appaloosa mare with the genotype of tt aa) using the Punnett Square method. Assume complete dominance at both loci. Tip: the T_A_ genotype will produce a Tobiano phenotype.
36 Punnett Square Method Mating of a TtAA stallion x ttaa mare Mare ta Stallion TA ta 1:1 genotypic and phenotypic ratios
37 b) The breeder keeps an offspring from the first mating that shows Tobiano markings with a genotype of TtAa. Predict the genotypic and phenotypic outcomes and also show these as ratios for the second mating (the Tobiano-marked offspring from the first mating above to a well marked Appaloosa, tt aa) using the Punnett Square method. TA Ta ta ta ta TtAa Ttaa ttaa ttaa 1:1:1:1 genotypic and phenotypic ratio
38 V. Dominance and Epistasis Coat Color of Horses: A = Bay a = black B = Bay b = sorrel C = Color C CR = Cremello (dilution)
39 Chapter 17 - Genetics Coat Color Genotypes of Horses: Solids A_B_C_ = Bay aab_c_ = black A_bbC_ = sorrel Dilutes A_B_C C CR = A_bb_C C CR = Palomino A_B_C CR C CR = Perlino A_bbC CR C CR = Cremello Color dilutions website
40 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BC CR bc bc CR
41 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BC CR BBC CR C CR bc bbcc bc CR bbc CR C CR
42 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC Bay BC CR bc BBC CR C CR Perlino bbcc Sorrel bc CR bbc CR C CR Cremello
43 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino bc bbcc Sorrel bc CR bbc CR C CR Cremello
44 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino bc bbcc Sorrel bc CR bbc CR C CR Cremello
45 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR BbCC Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino bc BbCC bbcc Sorrel bbc CR C CR bc CR Cremello
46 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR BbCC Bay Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino bc BbCC Bay bbcc Sorrel bbc CR C CR bc CR Cremello
47 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR BbCC Bay Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino BbC CR C CR bc BbCC Bay bbcc Sorrel BbC CR C CR bbc CR C CR bc CR Cremello
48 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR BbCC Bay Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino BbC CR C CR Perlino bc BbCC Bay bbcc Sorrel bbcc CR BbC CR C CR bbcc CR bbc CR C CR bc CR Perlino Cremello
49 Punnett Square Method - x Mating (Bb CC CR ) BC BC CR bc bc CR BC BBCC BBCC CR BbCC Bay Bay BC CR BBCC CR BBC CR C CR Perlino BbC CR C CR Perlino bc BbCC Bay bbcc Sorrel bbcc CR Palomino BbC CR C CR bbcc CR bbc CR C CR bc CR Perlino Palomino Cremelo
50 Punnett Square Method
51 Punnett Square Method
52 Punnett Square Method
53 Punnett Square Method
54 Punnett Square Method
55 Punnett Square Method
56 Punnett Square Method
57 Punnett Square Method - x Mating ( ) Genotypes: 1 BBCC 2 BBCC CR 1 BBC CR C CR 2 BbCC 4 2 BbC CR C CR 1 bbcc 2 bbcc CR 1 bbc CR C CR Phenotypes: 3 Bay (B_CC) 6 (B_CC CR ) 3 Bay Cremello ( Perlino ) (B_C CR C CR ) 1 Sorrel (bbcc) 2 Palomino (bbcc CR ) 1 Sorrel Cremello ( Cremello ) (bbc CR C CR )
58 Chapter 3 Mendelian Inheritance VI. Sex-Related Inheritance Sex-Linked Genes carried on the X-sex chromosome (e.g., the classic example of calico female cats). Sex-Limited phenotypic expression of a trait is limited to one sex (e.g., milk production and semen quality). Sex-Influenced Modes of gene expression differ between males and females. For example, in certain breeds of cattle and sheep, only one gene is needed for males to express horns but two genes are needed for females to express horns.
59
Introduction to be read or described to the participants:
Introduction to be read or described to the participants: When breeding animals, it is important to understand the reasons why the offspring (foal, lamb, calf, etc.) look a certain way or have the traits
More informationGenetics and Punnett Squares
Name: Class: Date: Genetics and Punnett Squares Introduction The results of crossing two individuals can be predicted by making a Punnett square. At the top of the square, the two possible alleles from
More informationChapter 2: Traits and How They Change
Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change Section 2: Genetics Heredity x Genetics Mendel s experiments Punnett Square For the test: study power point and textbook Important Info to remember : We inherit 2
More informationGenetics beyond Mendel
Genetics beyond Mendel Some exceptions to Mendel s principles: Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive. Many traits are controlled by more than one gene (polygenic traits) Snapdragons HUH? http://www.dobermann-review.com/info/genetics/mendels_genetic_laws/gregor%20mendel.jpg
More informationUnderstanding Genetics
Understanding Genetics INDEX Understanding genetics 3 Carrier mating disease risks 5 While this booklet focuses on cattle as an example, this information is useful for all species. DNA is essential to
More informationTopic 3 Other patterns of Inheritance (heredity) Pre Class Reading Assignment. 1. Read pgs
Topic 3 Other patterns of Inheritance (heredity) Pre Class Reading Assignment 1. Read pgs 608 610 2. Define the following terms a. Wild type b. Mutant c. Incomplete dominance d. Codominance 1 Topic 3 Other
More informationChapter 2: Traits and How They Change
Chapter 2: Traits and How They Change Section 2: Genetics Heredity x Genetics Mendel s experiments Punnett Square For the test: study the powerpoint and textbook 1)What is Heredity? 2)What is genetics?
More informationThe gene is a substance that satisfies two essential requirements:
Gregor Mendel The term genetics (in Greek, means to generate) was coined by William Bateson in 1905 Original Mendelian definition of the gene (word coined by Johanssen from genetics ):That inherited
More informationparents to offspring.
Not all traits are simply inherited by dominant and recessive alleles l (Mendelian Genetics). In some traits, neither allele is dominant or many alleles control the trait. Below are different ways in which
More informationMendel s Second Set of Experiments Dihybrid Crosses
Mendel s Second Set of Experiments Dihybrid Crosses Mendel s first set of experiments proved the Law of Segregation; an individual contains factors which segregate from one another during meiosis. Each
More informationFull Name: Period: Heredity EOC Review
Full Name: Period: 1 4 5 6 7 Heredity EOC Review Directions: For each genotype below, indicate whether it is a heterozygous (write: He) OR homozygous (write: Ho). 1. Tt BB DD ff tt dd dd Ff TT Bb bb FF
More informationGenetics Test Review
Genetics Test Review Vocabulary to Know 1) Punnett Square chart used to determine the probable outcome of genetic crosses 2) Heredity The passing of traits from parent to offspring 3) Gregor Mendel The
More informationGENES AND CHROMOSOMES CHROMOSOMES IN SEX CELLS. Horse Science: How Inheritance Works in Horses Page 3. dam unite and grow into the new animal.
Horse Science: How Inheritance Works in Horses Page 3 Two tiny cells are the only links of inheritance an animal has with its parents. A sperm cell from the sire and an egg cell from the dam unite and
More informationIntroduction to Genetics
Name: Introduction to Genetics Keystone Assessment Anchor: BIO.B.2.1.1: Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e. dominant, recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked,
More information8. How many different kinds of gametes can normally be produced by an organism with the genotype RrYy? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Name: Biology 3201 Heredity Assignment March 25, 2011 Part A: Multiple choice. Choose the BEST answer. If you are unsure, guess. (15 points) 1. Which branch of biology deals with the principles of variation
More informationThe Science of Maryland Agriculture
Edition 3 (2016) GOAL STATEMENT: Students will learn how to predict plant and animal offspring traits or characteristics using genetics. Note: Students will need to have previous knowledge of basic genetics,
More informationThe Science of Maryland Agriculture
GOAL STATEMENT: Students will learn how to predict plant and animal offspring traits or characteristics using genetics. OBJECTIVES: Students will apply the concepts of genotype and phenotype to scenarios
More informationNAME pg. 1 Unit 7: Inheritance Study Guide 1. Describe what happens in each phase of Meiosis. Interphase: Meiosis I:
NAME pg. 1 1. Describe what happens in each phase of Meiosis. Interphase: Meiosis I: Meiosis II: Prophase I: Metaphase I: Anaphase I: Telophase I: Prophase II: Metaphase II: Anaphase II: Telophase II:
More informationTeams *List of Student Teams will be placed here * 4 Teams
What is Science? Game Rules 1. Group member to answer question will rotate for each group response. 2. Groups will have a chance to steal the question once the time has gone off. 3. Use your buzzers to
More informationUnit 8: GENETICS PACKET
Unit 8: GENETICS PACKET This packet is designed to help you understand several concepts about GENETICS. As you practice the exercises on each handout, you will be able to: Make and defend a claim based
More informationX-Sheet 4 Genetics: Inheritance and Terminology
X-Sheet 4 Genetics: Inheritance and Terminology 21 Key Concepts Genetics is a science and specific terms are used. Make sure that you know and understand the following terms before you continue. Locus:
More informationOklahoma Ag in the Classroom Coats and Genes Genetic Traits in Cattle
Oklahoma Ag in the Classroom Coats and Genes Genetic Traits in Cattle Objective The student will read about heredity and explore genetic traits in cattle. Background Agriculturists are pioneers in the
More informationChapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea. What is the difference between a character and a trait? Give a concrete example to illustrate the difference.
Chapter 11 Mendel and the Gene Idea What is the difference between a character and a trait? Give a concrete example to illustrate the difference. What is a true breeding plant? How does it differ from
More informationIncomplete and Codominance
Incomplete and Codominance Snapdragons HUH? http://www.dobermann-review.com/info/genetics/mendels_genetic_laws/gregor%20mendel.jpg http://faculty.pnc.edu/pwilkin/incompdominance.jpg Explain the difference:
More informationUnit 6 Review Game Page 1
Unit 6 Review Game Page 1 1 The,,, and O blood types found in humans refer to the genotype. phenotype. quality of the blood. frequency of the alleles. size of the red blood cells. 2 In a two-factor cross,
More informationPatterns of Intermediate Inheritance
Patterns of Intermediate Inheritance Exceptions to Mendel s Principles Mendel s 3 principles provide us with an important foundation in building our knowledge of genetics. However, there are many types
More informationDehorning cattle via genetics
IRISH CATTLE BREEDING FEDERATION Dehorning cattle via genetics Tuesday 11 th April Portlaoise 1 Outline Background Genetics of Polled gene Polled vs Horned How to increase Polled gene Breeding for the
More informationArchival copy: for current recommendations see or your local extension office.
NAME ADDRESS CLUB 4-H HORSE PROGRAM HORSE SCIENCE This educational material has been prepared for 4-H use by the Cooperative Extension Services of the U.S. Department of Agriculture and State Land-Grant
More informationGENETICS 20 FEBRUARY 2013
GENETICS 20 FEBRUARY 2013 Lesson Description In this lesson, we: Look at the definition of genetics. Discuss Mendel s concept of dominance & the law of segregation. Cover terminology of the genetic concepts.
More informationDo not write in margin QUESTIONSHEET 1
QUESTIONSHEET 1 Mendel s first law states that only one of a pair of contrasting characters may be represented in a single gamete. His second law states that either of a pair of contracting characters
More informationGregor Mendel. 19 th century Austrian monk Studied pea plants in his garden. Father of modern genetics
GENETICS Gregor Mendel 19 th century Austrian monk Studied pea plants in his garden Father of modern genetics Blending Theory Incorrect idea that was popular during Mendel s time Thought that an offspring
More informationMission to Mars. Day 8 Heredity
Mission to Mars Day 8 Heredity 7.14A define heredity as the passage of genetic instructions from one generation to the next generation 7.14C recognize that inherited traits of individuals are governed
More informationChapter 10: Dihybrid Cross Worksheet
Name: Period: Date: Chapter 10: Dihybrid Cross Worksheet In rabbits, gray hair is dominant to white hair. Also in rabbits, black eyes are dominant to red eyes. These letters represent the genotypes of
More informationBy IRENE STAMATELAKYS. Homozygous tobiano and homozygous black could be winners for your breeding program, if you know how to play your cards.
By IRENE STAMATELAKYS Homozygous tobiano and homozygous black could be winners for your breeding program, if you know how to play your cards. COURTESY ANN STOCKSTILL n poker, a pair is not much to brag
More informationName: Block: Date: Black Chickens _ White Chicken Erminette Chickens
Name: Block: Date: Honors Biology Incomplete/ Co-Dominance/ Multiple Alleles 1. Many genetic traits have a stronger dominant allele and a weaker recessive allele. This is known as complete dominance. Some
More informationColour Genetics. Page 1 of 6. TinyBear Pomeranians CKC Registered Copyright All rights reserved.
Colour Genetics Dogs have probably been domesticated for at least 15 000 years. The first dogs likely had an appearance much like the wolf or coyote. However, over the time they have been domesticated,
More informationa. pink x pink b. red x white c. pink x white Genotypic Genotypic Genotypic %: %: %: Phenotypic Phenotypic Phenotypic %: %: %:
Non-Mendelian Genetics Practice Packet Most genetic traits have a stronger, dominant allele and a weaker, recessive allele. In an individual with a heterozygous genotype, the dominant allele shows up in
More informationGenetics Discussion for the American Black Hereford Association. David Greg Riley Texas A&M University
Genetics Discussion for the American Black Hereford Association David Greg Riley Texas A&M University Topics Managing Genetic Defects in Cattle Populations Contemporary Groupings Data Collection and Reporting
More informationNON-MENDELIAN GENETICS:
NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS: INCOMPLETE DOMIANCE CO-DOMINANCE (aka Multiple Alleles) SEX-LINKED INHERITANCE POLYGENIC TRAITS Name: This practice contains assignments for the standards listed above. We will
More informationBasic Mendelian Genetics & Color Genetics Basic Definitions Mendel demonstrated with corn that genes could be predictably combined.
Basic Mendelian Genetics & Color Genetics Basic Definitions Mendel demonstrated with corn that genes could be predictably combined. For horses, there are 32 pairs of chromosomes which hold 2.7 billion
More information7.013 Problem Set
7.013 Problem Set 2-2013 Question 1 You are working with the following parental flies (P1-P4). P1: Light body color and normal wings P2: Light body color and wingless P3: Dark body color and wingless P4:
More informationTHE PALOMINO HORSE. Department of Genetics, Uniuersity of California, Berkeley, and University of Virginia, Charlottesuilk. Received March 15, 1961
THE PALOMINO HORSE W. E. CASTLE AND W. R. SINGLETON Department of Genetics, Uniuersity of California, Berkeley, and University of Virginia, Charlottesuilk Received March 15, 1961 T is the purpose of this
More informationTypical KRT25 and SP6 Crosses
Typical KRT25 and SP6 Crosses Legend: Dr Mitch Wilkinson and Bunny Reveglia (AA) homozygous for KRT25 Damele, Native, Canadian, Fredell, WY Salt Wells Mustang and many Nevada mustang gene (AG) heterozygous
More informationGenetics and Inheritance
+ Genetics and Inheritance + Intro to Genetics Every living thing plant or animal, microbe or human being has a set of characteristics inherited from its parent or parents. Your DNA holds the genetic code
More informationName: Incomplete and Co-Dominance Practice Due: 01/19/17
Name: Incomplete and Co-Dominance Practice Due: 01/19/17 Most genetic traits have a stronger, dominant allele and a weaker, recessive allele. In an individual with a heterozygous genotype, the dominant
More informationBiol 321 Genetics S 02 Exam #1
Biol 321 Genetics S 02 Exam #1 Name: 1. (8 pts) The main concept in the central dogma of molecular biology is that DNA does not code for protein directly but rather acts through an intermediary molecule
More informationLife #4 Genetics Notebook
Life #4 Genetics Notebook Life #4 Learning Targets Life #4 Vocabulary: Eye Color what color are your eyes? Brown, Green, Hazel Dominant Blue Recessive Freckles do you have freckles? Say yes only if you
More informationMonohybrid & Dihybrid Practice
Biology 1 Monohybrid & Dihybrid Practice PACKET Name: Date: Hour: Complete the following monohybrid crosses: draw a Punnett square, list the ratio and describe the offspring IF INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. Be
More informationAll Breed Genetics - FAQs
All Breed Genetics - FAQs Content: Equine Coat Color: what is the genotype of my horse (if your horse is not color tested)?... 2 Phenotype versus Genotype why did we choose this notation?... 3 Why did
More informationThursday, June 7, 2018
Thursday, June 7, 2018 Objective: Use a Punnett Square to predict offspring from Mendelian and non-mendelian crosses A Do Now: Word Search, 5 minutes. Write down words you DO NOT understand. What is the
More information1) A child is born with blue eyes even though BOTH his parents have brown eyes. How is this possible?
Warm Up 1) A child is born with blue eyes even though BOTH his parents have brown eyes. How is this possible? 2) Can two blue eyed parents have a brown eyed child? Explain why or why not. Genetics: The
More informationHorse Coat Colours and Markings. Cindy Harper Onderstepoort Laboratory for Applied Veterinary Genetics
Horse Coat Colours and Markings Cindy Harper Onderstepoort Laboratory for Applied Veterinary Genetics Basic Colours Black Bay Chestnut Genetic Control of the Basic Colours Melanocytes produce melanin pigment
More informationThe Suri Gene Supreme A Crossbreeding Conundrum. By Mike Safley.
By Mike Safley. The idea of crossbreeding suris with huacayas is controversial. The concept creates cognitive dissonance. Many, maybe most of you, may not like the ideas presented here. Don Julio Barreda,
More informationWorksheet: Dihybrid Crosses Ex) A tall green pea plant (TTGG) is crossed with a short white pea plant (ttgg).
Worksheet: Dihybrid Crosses Ex) A tall green pea plant (TTGG) is crossed with a short white pea plant (tg). TT or Tt = tall tt = short GG or Gg = green gg = white TG TG TG TG 16 Tall/Green : 0 Tall/White
More informationBiology- Genetics: Who Dares Wins Probability and Heredity Lab Report
iology- Genetics: Who Dares Wins Proaility and Heredity La Report QUESTION/PROLEM: How can you predict the possile results of genetic crosses? ACKGROUND INFO The purpose of this La report is to find out
More informationFruit Fly Exercise 1- Level 1
Name StarGenetics Fruit Fly Exercise 1- Level 1 Description of StarGenetics In this exercise you will use StarGenetics, a software tool that simulates mating experiments, to analyze the nature and mode
More informationApplications of Linear Algebra: Genetics Armeen Moshrefi, Sarah Rogers, Meghan Wolf, Jesus Zambrano Math 247: Jen-Mei Chang
Applications of Linear Algebra: Genetics Armeen Moshrefi, Sarah Rogers, Meghan Wolf, Jesus Zambrano Math 247: Jen-Mei Chang Introduction Genetics is a branch of biology that deals with the mechanisms of
More informationBertrand Langlois 1, Andrea Valbonesi 2, Carlo Renieri 2
REMAINING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE INHERITANCE OR ROAN COAT COLOR IN HORSES Bertrand Langlois 1, Andrea Valbonesi 2, Carlo Renieri 2 1 - INRA-CRJ-BIGE 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France 2 -School of environmental
More informationContents. The Genetic Equation of Paint Horses
Contents The Genetic Equation of Paint Horses.........IFC Tobiano..................................1 Overo...................................1 Tovero...................................3 Breeding the Tobiano
More informationOccasionally white fleeced Ryeland sheep will produce coloured fleeced lambs.
Genetic Testing Service available for Members Occasionally white fleeced Ryeland sheep will produce coloured fleeced lambs. The Society offers members a genetic testing service, carried out by Cardiff
More informationCanine Coat Colour Genetics & the Miniature Schnauzer. Presented by Catherine McMillan
Canine Coat Colour Genetics & the Miniature Schnauzer Presented by Catherine McMillan Understanding Pigment In the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis are cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes are derived
More information~Book Features~ ~Table of Contents~
~Book Features~ Step-by-step explanations of how hereditary genetics work 85+ color photos At-a-glance charts, tables, and illustrations Interactive questions to help you check your knowledge Extensive
More informationLAB. NATURAL SELECTION OF STRAWFISH
Period Date LAB. NATURAL SELECTION OF STRAWFISH You have already been introduced to the idea that when an organism is selected by nature to survive, it then has the opportunity to reproduce and pass on
More informationGenetic Profile Test Results Horse: The Double Standard Owner: Alison Umberger
Horse and Owner Information Horse The Double Standard DOB 2016-04-24 Breed Paint Age 0 years, 11 months Color Sorrel Sex Mare Discipline All Around Height....... Registry APHA Reg Number 1060828 Sire Double
More informationHorse Coat Color Genetics and Identification. By Jesse Azevedo Last edited: 3/05/12
Horse Coat Color Genetics and Identification By Jesse Azevedo Last edited: 3/05/12 Basics Base colors: Black, Bay, Chestnut Extension (E) - whether or not true black pigment (eumelanin) can be formed in
More informationEquine Color Genetics
Equine Color Genetics Equine Color Genetics 4 th Edition D. Phillip Sponenberg Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Virginia, USA Rebecca Bellone UC Davis California, USA This edition first
More informationHow is Coat Color Controlled in Dogs?
How is Coat Color Controlled in Dogs? Coat color is the most challenging physical feature to assess for dogs there are multiple loci interacting (epistasis, polygenetic traits), pleiotropy, and an allelic
More informationEx: Four O Clock Flower s Punnett Square. O Clock Flowers. Red Pink White. Straight Wavy Curly. Complete Dominance (aka: Mendelian Genetics)
Class Notes Genetis: lternate Patterns of Inheritane Complete Dominane (aka: Mendelian Genetis) = Ours when heterozygous individuals and dominant homozygous individuals are indistinguishable in phenotype.
More informationRegular Registry Paint Bred Registry Breeding Stock Registry Refer rule 107 Solid Horses under rule 108 Solid Horses under rule 109
HORSE REGISTRATION APPLICATION PAINT HORSE ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA ABN: 43 003 155 691 P.O. BOX 1008, DUBBO NSW 2830 Ph 02 6884 5513 Fax 02 6884 5517 Email: office@painthorse.net.au Website: www.painthorse.com.au
More informationT acterized by very finely dispersed spotting patterns consisting of
STUDIES ON SPOTTING PATTERNS 11. GENETIC ANALYSIS OF VARIEGATED SPOTTING IN THE HOUSE MOUSE L. C. DUNN Columbia University, New York Received July 20, 1936 INTRODUCTION HE varieties of mice known to fanciers
More informationGenetic Profile Test Results Horse: Jax Owner: Amanda Palmer
Horse and Owner Information Horse Jax DOB 2017-02-11 Breed Paint Age 0 years, 3 months Color Sorrel Overo Sex Stallion Discipline....... Height....... Registry APHA Reg Number pending Sire The Sugar Daddy
More informationBeef Cattle Genomics: Promises from the Past, Looking to the Future
Beef Cattle Genomics: Promises from the Past, Looking to the Future A.D. Herring*, D.G. Riley, J.O. Sanders, P.K. Riggs and C.A. Gill Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University, College Station
More informationDachshund Genetics: Language:
Dachshund Genetics: A good breeder of any dog must know something about genetics. This page is to help those that breed as a rare hobby or those that have a kennel and wish to learn more. Genetics are
More informationUnderstanding Genetics
Understanding Genetics and the Sire Summaries 1 Understanding Genetics and the Sire Summaries The goal of this workbook is to give young people a basic understanding of dairy cattle genetics and how it
More informationSynchroGait. Text: Lisa S. Andersson, Capilet Genetics and Kim Jäderkvist, Swedish University of agricultural Sciences (SLU).
SynchroGait Learn about your horse s natural ability for different gaits Get help from the DNA-test SynchroGait to learn about your horse s genetic potential for gaits. The test is very easy to use and
More informationVersion: 08/03/2017 Page 1 of 5
Equine Colour and Pattern Testing AG CCC CD CHP DW(W1-22) Agouti (black pigment distribution) Chestnut/Red Factor/Extension Cream Dilution Champagne Dilution Dominant White The Agouti gene controls the
More informationT genetics. Indeed many facts concerning it had already been established
THE C OF COLOR INHERITANCE IN HORSES W. E. CASTLE Division of Genetics, University of California, Berkeley, California Received October, 27, 1947 HE study of color inheritance in horses was begun in the
More informationJiggling Genes. By Philip Sponenberg
By Philip Sponenberg ALPACA BREEDING - CONCEPTS AND BASICS Genetics is the science of how traits pass down generation to generation. Many people think that genetics can be a predictive science - accurately
More informationAdvanced Animal Science TEKS/LINKS Student Objectives One Credit
First Six Weeks Career/Safety/Work Habits AAS 1(A) The student will identify career development and entrepreneurship opportunities in the field of animal systems. AAS 1(B) The student will apply competencies
More informationGENETIC CALCULATOR (HORSE COLOUR) Help File K Yorke
GENETIC CALCULATOR (HORSE COLOUR) Help File GENETIC CALCULATOR (HORSE COLOUR) Help File All rights reserved. No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or
More informationAssigning breed origin to alleles in crossbred animals
DOI 10.1186/s12711-016-0240-y Genetics Selection Evolution RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Assigning breed origin to alleles in crossbred animals Jérémie Vandenplas 1*, Mario P. L. Calus 1, Claudia A. Sevillano
More informationColor Coat Genetics AMERICAN UARTER HORSE. Sorrel Chestnut Bay Brown. Black Palomino Buckskin Cremello. Perlino Red Dun Dun Grullo
AMERICAN UARTER HORSE Color Coat Genetics Sorrel Chestnut Bay Brown Black Palomino Buckskin Cremello Perlino Red Dun Dun Grullo Red Roan Bay Roan Blue Roan Gray WHAT ARE THE COLOR GENETICS OF A SORREL?
More informationMajor aspects of Appaloosa horse coat color genetics by Sandra Sowerwine Montgomery
Major aspects of Appaloosa horse coat color genetics by Sandra Sowerwine Montgomery A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE
More informationUnderstanding Genetics
Understanding Genetics and the Sire Summaries 1 Understanding Genetics and the Sire Summaries The goal of this workbook is to give young people a basic understanding of dairy cattle genetics and how it
More informationGenetic Profile Test Results Horse: Happy De La Rigole Owner: Ninon Gautier
Horse and Owner Information Horse Happy De La Rigole DOB 2017-04-22 Breed Curly Horse Age 0 years, 3 months Color Buckskin Sabino Sex Mare Discipline....... Height....... Registry ICHO/NACHR Reg Number
More informationThe Game Breeding Game: What are the rules of the game?
The Game Breeding Game: What are the rules of the game? The Game Breeding Game: Where are we heading? SA Stud Book Elite Breeding Symposium 30 April 2014 Bloemfontein Jacques van Rooyen Pri.Sci.Nat Faculty
More informationGenetic & Breeding Concepts Sheep and Goat Expo 2017 San Angelo
Presentation Overview Genetic & Breeding Concepts Sheep and Goat Expo 2017 San Angelo Andy D. Herring Department of Animal Science andy.herring@tamu.com General breeding and genetics terms and concepts
More informationChincoteague Pony Colors
Chincoteague Pony Colors http://www.colorfulchincoteague.mistysheaven.com (c) 2014, Amanda Geci/The Colorful Chincoteague Genetics Basics Gene-A segment of DNA capable of producing a specific trait. Locus-Location
More informationGenetics and Miniature horses. Munro Marx Unistel Medical laboratories
Genetics and Miniature horses Munro Marx Unistel Medical laboratories Miniature Horses Miniature horses are bred all over the world They are particularly popular in Europe and the USA Over the last number
More informationFour-Horns, Split Eyelids. by Eric Medway. The Inheritance of Four (Multiple) Horns
Four-Horns, Split lids by Eric Medway The Inheritance Four (Multiple) Horns Historically, two propositions have been made. Simply, one states that the allele for four horns is dominant, whilst the other
More informationInherited Recessive Genetic Testing for U.S. Red and Black Wagyu Cattle A Fact Sheet and Guide for Producers REVISED 11/01/2014
Inherited Recessive Genetic Testing for U.S. Red and Black Wagyu Cattle A Fact Sheet and Guide for Producers REVISED 11/01/2014 Inherited Recessive Traits and the Five Disorders What is a Recessive Trait?
More informationOutline. Genetic Testing: Understanding Results & Putting Them Into Practice. Review Terms. Review Terms 5/4/ Primer
Genetic Testing: Understanding Results & Putting Them Into Practice Kari J Ekenstedt, DVM, PhD Katie Minor, RN College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota April 29 th, 2016 Outline 1. Primer
More informationTest Results Summary. Owner: Darby Dan Farm 8 th Nov Distance Plus (USA) v1.0. Distance Plus (SAF) v1.0. Distance Plus (ANZ) v1.
Test Results Summary Owner: Darby Dan Farm 8 th Nov 2017 Sample ID Horse Name Sire Dam Sex Year of Birth Speed Gene Test (ANZ) (EU) (USA) (SAF) Dirt V Turf Elite Performance Test v3.1 Inbreeding Value
More informationInherited Recessive Genetic Testing for U.S. Red and Black Wagyu Cattle A Fact Sheet and Guide for Producers REVISED 2/22/2011
Inherited Recessive Genetic Testing for U.S. Red and Black Wagyu Cattle A Fact Sheet and Guide for Producers REVISED 2/22/2011 Inherited Recessive Traits and the Five Disorders What is a Recessive Trait?
More informationDominant and recessive brown in goats
Dominant and recessive brown in goats Dp Sponenberg, C Lamarsh To cite this version: Dp Sponenberg, C Lamarsh. Dominant and recessive brown in goats. Genetics Selection Evolution, BioMed Central, 1996,
More informationSuperhero Genetics Project (Due: April 11, 2016)
Name: Period: Superhero Genetics Project (Due: April 11, 2016) It is your job to be a comic matchmaker! Once your superheroes marry, it is your job to predict the traits of their first born child. Checklist-Please
More informationCrossbreeding Systems and The Theory Behind Composite Breeds
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Range Beef Cow Symposium Animal Science Department 12-4-1991 Crossbreeding Systems and The Theory Behind Composite Breeds
More informationContemporary Grouping for Beef Cattle Genetic Evaluation
Contemporary Grouping for Beef Cattle Genetic Evaluation Reprinted from the 8 th Edition of the Beef Improvement Federation Guidelines Every weight or measurement of an animal is an observation of its
More informationInheritance of Leaf Shape and Main Vein Color in Caladium 1
ENH1006 Inheritance of Leaf Shape and Main Vein Color in Caladium 1 Z. Deng and B.K. Harbaugh 2 The ornamental value of caladiums (Caladium hortulanum Birdsey) depends, to a great extent, on leaf characteristics
More information