NAME pg. 1 Unit 7: Inheritance Study Guide 1. Describe what happens in each phase of Meiosis. Interphase: Meiosis I:

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1 NAME pg Describe what happens in each phase of Meiosis. Interphase: Meiosis I: Meiosis II: Prophase I: Metaphase I: Anaphase I: Telophase I: Prophase II: Metaphase II: Anaphase II: Telophase II: Number the pictures of Meiosis so that they are in the correct order. Match the picture with the correct phase name.

2 NAME pg Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis Meiosis Number of Cells Produced? Type of Cells Produced? Haploid or Diploid? Identical or Different? Number of Divisions? Phases? Homologous Chromosomes Pair Up? Crossing Over Occurs? Nondisjunction May Happen? Purpose? 3. I can apply the laws of inheritance to determine genotypes and phenotypes. a. Define Genotype. Give an example. b. Define Phenotype. Give an example. c. Define Dominant. d. Define Recessive. e. Define Homozygous. f. Define Heterozygous. g. What happens if a person has a dominant allele and a recessive allele? h. What is Mendel s Law of Independent Assortment? Give an example. i. What is Mendel s Law of Segregation? Give an example. 4. I can solve the following Monohybrid & Dihybrid Punnett Squares Use the traits in the table. List the letters you will use in the parentheses. Trait Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Flower Color Purple ( ) White ( ) Seed Shape Round ( ) Wrinkled ( ) Plant Height Tall ( ) Short ( ) a. Homozygous Dominant Seed Shape crossed with Heterozygous Seed Shape b. White Flowers crossed with Heterozygous Purple Flowers Phenotypic ratio: : Phenotypic ratio: :

3 NAME pg. 3 c. Work an example of a P1 cross for Plant Height and then work the F1 cross. What are the phenotypic and genotypic ratios of the F2 generation? P1 Cross (offspring = F1 generation) F1 Cross (offspring = F2 generation) F1 F1 Phenotypic ratio: : F2 F2 Phenotypic ratio: : d. Parent 1: Heterozygous Tall Plant with Heterozygous Purple Flowers Factor & list the alleles: Parent 2: Heterozygous Tall Plant with White Flowers Factor & list the alleles: Phenotypic Ratio: Tall & Purple: Tall & White: Short & Purple: Short & White What is the probability of these plants producing offspring that are BOTH Heterozygous Tall & Heterozygous Purple? 5. I can identify and explain complex inheritance patterns including codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits. Identify Incomplete Dominance & Codominance in these pretend scenarios using the clues in the question. a. Zoggles can have blue spotted fur if they are homozygous for blue. They will have red spotted fur if they are homozygous for red. If they are heterozygous, their fur will have both blue spots and red spots. Is this Codominance or Incomplete Dominance? How do you know? Circle the clues in the question. b. Blimpies can have long wings if they are homozygous for long. They will have short wings if they are homozygous for short. If they are heterozygous, they will have wings that are medium length. Is this Codominance or Incomplete Dominance? How do you know? Circle the clues in the question. Identify the inheritance pattern, genotypic ratio & phenotypic ratio in each of these complex inheritance scenarios. c. Homozygous horses can have chestnut brown fur or they can have white fur. Heterozygous horses have fur that is an intermediate blend of both colors, which produces a golden tan color. These heterozygous horses are known as Palominos. Both mares and stallions have an equal chance of being Palomino. i. Is this codominance or incomplete dominance, or sex-linked? Why? ii. Chestnut horse crossed with a White horse iii. Palomino horse crossed with a Palomino horse Phenotypic ratio: : :

4 NAME pg. 4 d. When white chickens are crossed with black chickens, the result is not a grey chicken, but a chicken with both black and white feathers. These heterozygotes are called Speckled. Chicken gender does not affect the phenotype. i. Is this codominance or incomplete dominance, or sex-linked? Why? ii. Black Chicken crossed with a White Chicken iii. Speckled Chicken crossed with a Speckled Chicken e. There are 4 different blood groups in humans because there are 3 alleles. Gender does not affect the likelihood of inheriting a specific blood type. Type A will have the A protein on their red blood cells. Type B will have the B protein on their red blood cells. Type O is recessive to both A and B; type O has neither protein on their red blood cells. If a person is heterozygous for A and B blood, they will have both the A protein and the B protein on their red blood cells. These heterozygotes are called Type AB. i. Is this codominance, incomplete dominance, or sex-linked? Why? ii. Type AB crossed with Type O Phenotypic ratio: A: B : AB : O Phenotypic ratio: A: B : AB : O iii. Can a Heterozygote B mom and a Heterozygote A dad have a child with Type O blood? f. Males are more likely to inherit Duchenne Muscluar Dystrophy (DMD) than females. A female can be heterozygous for DMD but not have the disorder. Males inherit the trait from their mothers. i. Is this codominance, incomplete dominance, or sex-linked? Why? ii. Carrier (heterozygous) female crossed with an affected male iii. Can a male with DMD have a normal son? iv. Can a female with DMD (homoz.) have a normal son? v. Can a normal female have a son with DMD?

5 NAME pg I can interpret pedigrees to identify the genotypes and inheritance patterns. Identify the type of inheritance pattern as: X-linked Dominant, X-linked Recessive, Y-linked, Autosomal Dominant, or Autosomal Recessive a. 2 unaffected parents have affected offspring; an affected female has an unaffected father b. 2 affected parents have an unaffected offspring; all unaffected parents have only unaffected offspring c. All males offspring are affected every generation d. Males are more likely to have the trait; all affected females have an affected father; an affected father may have an unaffected daughter e. All daughters are affected if the father is affected but there may be unaffected sons Inheritance Pattern Clues Trait is never passed father to son Male has the trait; ALL daughters are affected Male has the trait; all sons and grandsons have the trait Male does not have the trait; no sons or grandsons have the trait Unaffected parents can have affected offspring Affected children can be male or female May skip generations Males or Females can be carriers One parent has the trait = at least one child has the trait The trait appears every generation 2 unaffected parents do NOT have affected children Trait is never passed father to son Males more likely to have trait Only females can be carriers Passed from mother to son to daughter Work the pedigree problem on the back.