-By Aesop Which of the fol owing is the BEST objective summary of the fable? 2. Explain why the comma is in between the words strong and fast.

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1 The Dog and the Reflection A Dog was crossing a plank bridge over a stream with a piece of meat in his mouth when he happened to see his own reflection in the water. He thought it was another dog with a piece of meat twice as big, so he let go of his own piece of meant and flew at the other dog to get the larger piece. But, of course, all that happened was that he got neither, for one was only a reflection, and the other was carried away by a strong, fast current. -By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Dog and the Reflection by Aesop teaches the lesson to be thankful for what you have instead of always wanting more. A dog had a piece of meat but wanted another piece that he thought was better. He dropped the piece of meat into a stream and lost it only to find out he was looking at his reflection. In the end, he was left with nothing. b. The Dog and the Reflection by Aesop teaches the lesson to be thankful for what you have instead of always wanting more. The grass is not always greener on the other side, and people should not want what does not belong to them. The dog made a stupid mistake which cost him everything. He dropped the piece of meat into a stream, and in the end, he was left with nothing. c. The Dog and the Reflection by Aesop teaches the lesson to be thankful for what you have instead of always wanting more. A dog had a nice, large piece of meat. He walked over to a bridge across a stream. He was looking at his reflection, but he did not realize this. He wanted the piece of meat that his reflection had, so he dropped his own piece to try and get the other piece of meat. The current, however carried his piece of meat away. In the end, the dog had nothing at all. He should have kept the one he had. d. The Dog and the Reflection by Aesop teaches the lesson to be thankful for what you have instead of always wanting more. According to the story, the dog let go of his own, and flew at the other dog to get the larger piece. This was wrong, and it teaches the reader the lesson that you should be satisfied with what you have. The grass is not always greener on the other side. But, of course, all that happened was that he got neither; for one was only a reflection, and the other was carried away by a strong, fast current. 2. Explain why the comma is in between the words strong and fast. 3. Explain how the setting affects the plot. a. The dog was on a plank bridge which caused the conflict. b. The stream allowed the dog to see his reflection which led to the conflict. c. The stream had a current in it which caused the climax. d. The bridge was over a stream which caused the theme.

2 The Fox and the Grapes A hungry Fox saw some fine bunches of Grapes hanging from a vine that was trained along the branches of a tree. The fox did his best to reach them by jumping as high as he could into the air. But it was all in vain, for they were just out of reach. So, he gave up trying and walked away with an air of dignity and unconcern, remarking, "I thought those Grapes were ripe, but I see now they are quite sour. By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop teaches the lesson that a person should not make excuses and give up on what is hard to do. The fox was very hungry. He saw grapes hanging and tried as hard as he could to reach them by jumping up very high. But even though he tried very hard, the grapes were too high, and he could not reach them. So, he gave up and walked away. However, instead of admitting that he couldn t reach them, he made up a lie and said that the reason he could not reach them was because they were sour. b. The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop teaches the lesson that a person should not make excuses and give up on what is hard to do. The fox wanted some grapes, but he could not jump up high enough to reach them. After giving up, the fox made up the excuse that the grapes were sour. Therefore, the fox tried to act like something was wrong with the grapes instead of saying they were hard to reach. c. The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop teaches the lesson that a person should not make excuses and give up on what is hard to do. First of all, the fox was very hungry. He should have tried to find something else to eat instead of the grapes that were too high. He couldn t reach them, so instead of admitting that they were too high, the fox tried to say that he did not get them because they were sour. A ton of people do this in life. They make excuses instead of owning up to what they cannot do. d. The Fox and the Grapes by Aesop teaches the lesson that a person should not make excuses and give up on what is hard to do. The fox wanted some grapes, and he did his best to reach them by jumping as high as he could into the air. When he couldn t reach them, he made up an excuse by saying the grapes were sour, and he didn t want them anyway. Which word means the same thing as the underlined word dignity? a. shame b. intelligence c. pride d. rudeness What does the underlined part in vain mean? a. useless b. beneficial c. helpful d. wrong Which of the following best helps to develop the theme of this fable? a. The grapes were high on a vine. b. The fox could not jump. c. The fox walked away unconcerned. d. The grapes were ripe.

3 The Fox and the Crow A Fox once saw a Crow fly off with a piece of cheese in its beak and settle on a branch of a green pine tree. "That's for me, as I am a Fox," said Master Reynard, and he walked up to the foot of the tree. "Good day, Mistress Crow," he cried. "How well you are looking today. How glossy your feathers! How bright your eye.! I feel sure your voice must surpass that of other birds, just as your beauty does. Let me hear but one song from you that I may greet you as the Queen of Birds." The Crow lifted up her head and began to caw her best, but the moment she opened her mouth, the piece of cheese fell to the ground, only to be snapped up by Master Fox. "That will do," said he. "That was all I wanted. In exchange for your cheese I will give you a piece of advice for the future. Never trust flatterers. - Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Fox and the Crow by Aesop teaches the lesson that one should not trust flatterers. The crow should have known that the fox was up to something when the fox began to talk about how beautiful and wonderful she was. In the end, the fox took the crow s cheese and basically insulted the crow by calling her stupid. b. The Fox and the Crow by Aesop teaches the lesson that one should not trust flatterers. The fox began by saying, What a noble bird I see above me! The fox then began to flatter the crow by telling her she was beautiful and that he knew her voice would be sweet. Finally, the crow decided to sing, and according to the story, down came the cheese. This teaches the lesson that flattery can make someone make unwise decisions. c. The Fox and the Crow by Aesop teaches the lesson that one should not trust flatterers. The fox wanted to trick the crow into letting go of her cheese. After paying the crow many compliments, the flattered crow opened her mouth to sing for the fox. At this point, the cheese fell out, and the fox got it. d. The Fox and the Crow by Aesop teaches the lesson that one should not trust flatterers. The crow was sitting on a branch. She had some cheese in her mouth, and the fox wanted to get the cheese. The fox told the crow that she was noble and beautiful, and that she should be the queen of all of the birds. The crow was very flattered by the fox s compliments, so to show the fox just how well she could sing, she opened her mouth to give out a loud caw. At this point, the cheese fell down, and the fox snatched it up. A Fox once saw a Crow fly off with a piece of cheese in its beak and settle on a branch of a green pine tree. 2. Reread this sentence. Explain why a comma is NOT needed in between the two adjectives green and pine. 3. Which of the following helps to develop the theme of this fable the most? a. the setting The crow was on a branch of a green pine tree. b. Fox s words the things that the fox says to the crow, like How well you are looking today. c. the bird s actions The bird wanted to give the fox the cheese. d. the bird s actions flying with the cheese in its beak

4 The Gnat and the Bull A Gnat alighted on one of the horns of a Bull and remained sitting there for a considerable time. When it had rested sufficiently and was about to fly away, it said to the Bull, "Do you mind if I go now?" The Bull merely raised his eyes and remarked, without interest, "It's all one to me. I didn't notice when you came, and I won t know when you go away. By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Gnat and the Bull by Aesop teaches the lesson that we are often of greater importance in our own eyes than in the eyes of others. The gnat was wrong to think highly of itself. The gnat thought it was bothering the bull, but the bull did not even know the gnat was there. b. The Gnat and the Bull by Aesop teaches the lesson that we are often of greater importance in our own eyes than in the eyes of others. A gnat was resting on a bull, and when it was ready to fly away, the gnat asked the bull if he minded if he left. The bull told the gnat he didn t care, that he never knew he was there to start with. In conclusion, the gnat thought he was important, but the bull did not. c. The Gnat and the Bull by Aesop teaches the lesson that we are often of greater importance in our own eyes than in the eyes of others. When the gnat was ready to leave the bull s back it asked, Do you mind if I go now? The bull replied, It s all one to me; I didn t notice when you came, and I won t know when you go away. This shows that the gnat thought he was important, but he really was not. d. The Gnat and the Bull by Aesop teaches the lesson that we are often of greater importance in our own eyes than in the eyes of others. A gnat should have known that the bull would not feel it. A bull is huge compared to a small gnat. It is no wonder that the bull had no idea that the gnat had even been there. The gnat learned a lesson, that he was not very important. 2. Which of the following definitions best fits the underlined word alighted? a. studied b. stuck c. landed d. ignored 3. Which of the following words best fits the definition of the word sufficiently? a. enough b. long c. slept d. easy 4. Which of the following best contributes to the development of the theme in this fable? a. the setting the gnat sat on the bull for a long time. b. the characters The gnat was concerned but the bull was not. c. the climax The gnat was about to fly away. d. the author s word choice

5 The Tortoise and the Eagle A Tortoise, discontent with his lowly life, and envious of the birds he saw showing off in the air, begged an Eagle to teach him to fly. The Eagle protested that it was useless for him to try, as nature had not provided him with wings, but the Tortoise pressed him with requests and promises of treasure, insisting that it could only be a question of learning the craft of the air. So at length the Eagle agreed to do the best he could for him and picked him up in his talons. After soaring with him to a great height in the sky, he let him go. The sad, wretched Tortoise fell headlong and was dashed to pieces on a rock. - By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Tortoise and the Eagle by Aesop teaches the lesson that if man had all he wished for, he would often be ruined. The tortoise was not happy just staying on the ground. It wanted to fly, which was a bad idea to have. The eagle decided to help the tortoise, but in the end the tortoise fell and was killed. The tortoise should not have tried to fly. b. The Tortoise and the Eagle by Aesop teaches the lesson that if man had all he wished for, he would often be ruined. The tortoise was unhappy with his own abilities and talked the eagle into teaching him to fly. After taking him into the sky, the eagle let go of the tortoise, and the tortoise fell to its death. c. The Tortoise and the Eagle by Aesop teaches the lesson that if man had all he wished for, he would often be ruined. According to the story, the tortoise was discontented and envious. He watched the birds show off in the air, and begged the eagle to teach him to fly. The Eagle tried to tell the tortoise that it was a bad idea, but the tortoise promised him treasures and finally talked the eagle into it. The Eagle picked up the tortoise in its talons and took the tortoise high into the sky. When the eagle let go, however, the tortoise fell to the ground and was killed. d. The Tortoise and the Eagle by Aesop teaches the lesson that if man had all he wished for, he would often be ruined. This is a very important lesson to think about. People should be thankful that they do not have everything that they want. They say money is the root of all evil, and this can be true. The tortoise should have been happy with what it had instead of wanting what it did not have. 2. Which of the following definitions best fits the underlined word discontented? a. unhappy b. bored c. whining d. satisfied 3. What are talons? After soaring with him to a great height in the sky, he let him go. 4. Explain why the comma is after sky. The sad, wretched Tortoise fell headlong and was dashed to pieces on a rock. 5. Explain why the comma is in between sad and wretched.

6 The Crab and His Mother An old blue Crab said to her son, "Why do you walk sideways like that, my son? You ought to walk straight." The Young Crab replied, "Show me how, dear mother, and I'll follow your example." The Old Crab tried, but tried in vain, and then saw how foolish she had been to find fault with her child. -By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Crab and His Mother by Aesop teaches the lesson that it is best to lead by example. After instructing her son not to walk sideways, her son, who could not seem to master the task, asked his mother to demonstrate how to walk straight. When she tried herself, she found that this was impossible. b. The Crab and His Mother by Aesop teaches the lesson that it is best to lead by example. The crab was walking sideways one day and his mother asked him why he was walking that way. She told him that he needed to walk straight. The young crab asked his mother to show him how to do this so that he could follow her example. She tired, but she could not do it. After she realized it was impossible, she felt foolish. c. The Crab and His Mother by Aesop teaches the lesson that it s not what s on the outside that counts but what is on the inside. The mother crab was judging her child by the way he walked sideways. She did not think this was right. However, after trying to walk sideways herself, she felt foolish. She should not have judged her son by the way he walked. d. The Crab and His Mother by Aesop teaches the lesson that what goes around comes around. The mother crab tries to tell her son to walk straight instead of sideways. Then, when she tries to show him, she realizes it is impossible. This shows that what goes around comes around because what her son could not do, she could not do either. 2. Which of the following definitions best fits the underlined words in vain? a. not good enough b. it was of no use c. extremely hard d. without help An old blue Crab said to her son, Why do you walk sideways like that, my son? Sometimes a comma should be placed between two adjectives. The underlined words old and blue are adjectives. Explain why a comma is NOT needed between these two adjectives. 4. Which of the following best contributes to the development of theme in this fable? a. The setting The crabs are trying to walk on sand and cannot. b. The mother s actions and her dialogue. c. The author s word choice like dear and old. d. The son s character traits - submissive

7 The Wolf in Sheep s Clothing A Wolf resolved to disguise himself in order that he might prey upon a flock of sheep without fear of detection. So he clothed himself in a sheepskin and slipped among the sheep when they were out at pasture. He completely deceived the shepherd, and when the flock was penned for the night, he was shut in with the rest. But that very night as it happened, the shepherd, requiring a supply of mutton for the table, laid hands on the Wolf in mistake for a Sheep and killed him with his knife on the spot. -By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Wolf in Sheep s Clothing by Aesop teaches the lesson that appearances can be deceptive. In order to capture a sheep, a wolf dressed as a sheep. The shepherd wanted mutton for supper that night and being deceived into believing that the wolf was a sheep, the shepherd killed the wolf. b. The Wolf in Sheep s Clothing by Aesop teaches the lesson that appearances can be deceptive. It was an unfortunate day for the wolf because the shepherd was deceived into thinking the wolf was a sheep. In the end, the wolf got what he deserved because the shepherd killed him. c. The Wolf in Sheep s Clothing by Aesop teaches the lesson that appearances can be deceptive. In order to capture a sheep, a wolf resolved to disguise himself. The shepherd wanted mutton for supper that night and being deceived into believing that the wolf was a sheep, the shepherd killed the wolf. d. The Wolf in Sheep s Clothing by Aesop teaches the lesson that appearances can be deceptive. The wolf preyed upon an entire flock of sheep, but since he was disguised, the wolf had no fear of detection. The flock was penned in for the night, and the wolf, who looked like a sheep, was penned up with them. The shepherd wanted mutton for supper that night and being deceived into believing that the wolf was a sheep, the shepherd killed the wolf with a knife. 2. Which of the following definitions best fits the underlined word deceived? a. tricked b. hid from c. lied to d. saw So he clothed himself in a sheepskin and slipped among the sheep when they were out at pasture. 3. Explain why a comma is NOT needed before the word and in this sentence. 4. Explain how the setting shapes the plot.

8 The Fox and the Monkey A Fox and a Monkey were on the road together and fell into a dispute as to which of the two was the better born. They kept it up for some time until they came to a place where the road passed through a cemetery full of monuments. The Monkey stopped and looked about him and gave a great sigh. "Why do you sigh?" said the Fox. The Monkey pointed to the tombs and replied, "All the monuments that you see here were put up in honor of my forefathers, who in their day were eminent men." The Fox was speechless for a moment, but quickly recovering he said, "Oh! Don't stop at any lie, sir. You're quite safe. I'm sure none of your ancestors will rise up and expose you." Boasters brag most when they cannot be detected. -By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Fox and the Monkey by Aesop teaches the lesson that boasters brag most when they cannot be detected. While on a road together, the fox and monkey got into a dispute over which one had better ancestors. They came to a cemetery that was full of tombstones. The monkey pointed to the tombs and bragged that all of the tombs were of his ancestors who were eminent men. The fox did not know what to say to this, but realized that the monkey was bragging and said, I m sure none of your ancestors will rise up and expose you. b. The Fox and the Monkey by Aesop teaches the lesson that it is never good to argue. The fox and monkey get into an argument, and the fox wins because the monkey is only bragging. c. The Fox and the Monkey by Aesop teaches the lesson that show-offs brag most when nobody is around to oppose their boasts. The monkey and fox were in a graveyard, and the monkey was bragging by saying that every tomb present represented the greatness of his ancestors. The fox then pointed out that of course nobody was around to expose what he may be lying about. d. The Fox and the Monkey by Aesop teaches the lesson that secrets should not be told in graveyards. The monkey and fox were in a graveyard when the monkey tells the fox a secret. The monkey confides in the fox and foolishly tells him that all of his ancestors were great men who have died. The fox then tells the monkey that nobody there can confirm this, so the secret should not have been told there. 2. Which of the following definitions best fits the underlined word dispute? a. argument b. game c. lie d. secret "All the monuments that you see here were put up in honor of my forefathers, who in their day were eminent men." 3. Which of the following is the best definition for the underlined word eminent? a. famous b. unknown c. rich d. Poor 4. Explain how the setting shapes the plot.

9 The Bald Man and the Fly A Fly settled on the head of a Bald Man and bit him. In his eagerness to kill it, he hit himself with a smart slap. But the Fly escaped and said to him disrespectfully, "You tried to kill me for just one little bite. What will you do to yourself now, for the heavy smack you have just given yourself?" "Oh, for that blow I hold no grudge," he replied, "for I never intended myself any harm. But as for you, you contemptible insect, who lives by sucking human blood, I'd have done a good deal more than that for the satisfaction of dashing the life out of you! - By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Bald Man and the Fly by Aesop teaches the lesson that harm often comes to a person when he/she least expects it. The bald man did not expect to harm himself, but the fly knew that it would happen. The bald man tells the fly that he would hurt himself even more if needed in order to rid himself of the pest. b. The Bald Man and the Fly by Aesop teaches the lesson that satisfaction often comes from hurting others. The fly was extremely annoying to the bald man, so in order to kill it, the bald man slapped himself on the head. The fly, however, escaped. In my opinion, the fly outsmarted the bald man, even though the man received some satisfaction in attempting to kill the fly. c. The Bald Man and the Fly by Aesop teaches the lesson that if one takes notice of despicable enemies, he is likely to bring injury on himself. In an attempt to kill the fly, the bald man slapped himself. After the fly taunts the man, the man also admits that he would have injured himself even more in order to rid himself of the fly. d. The Bald Man and the Fly by Aesop teaches the lesson what goes around comes around. The man missed the fly and slapped himself. Next, the fly taunts, You tried to kill me for just one little bit. What will you do to yourself now, for the heavy smack you have just given yourself? Then the man replies that he did not intend to hurt himself but that he would willingly hurt himself even more if needed to kill the fly. 2. Which of the following definitions would best fit in place of the underlined word smart? a. intelligent b. stinging c. neat d. clever But as for you, you contemptible insect, who lives by sucking human blood, I'd have done a good deal more than that for the satisfaction of dashing the life out of you! 3. Explain why a comma is placed after the word insect and after the word blood in this sentence. 4. Which of the following best contributes to the development of the theme in this fable? a. The setting is a kitchen. b. The bald man s desire to kill the fly c. The resolution when the bald man says I d have done a good deal more than that for the satisfaction of dashing the life out of you. d. The word choice that the author uses.

10 The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg A man and his wife owned a very special goose. Every day the goose would lay a golden egg, which made the couple very rich. "Just think," said the man's wife, "If we could have all the golden eggs that are inside the goose, we could be richer much faster. "You're right," said her husband, "We wouldn't have to wait for the goose to lay her egg every day." So, the couple killed the goose and cut her open, only to find that she was just like every other goose. She had no special golden eggs inside of her at all, and they had no more golden eggs. -By Aesop Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the fable? a. The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg by Aesop teaches the lesson that it is what is on the inside and not the outside that counts. Even though the goose was laying one golden egg a day, on the inside, the goose had no golden eggs. The couple should not have killed the goose. Instead, they should have been happy with one golden egg per day. b. The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg by Aesop teaches the lesson that people should not be greedy. A couple owned a goose that laid a golden egg every day. Out of greed, the couple decided to kill the goose in order to have all of the golden eggs inside of the goose. When they killed it, the couple found that their goose was just like every other goose. She had no eggs inside of her. Their greed left them without a goose and without daily golden eggs. Greed will always end in destruction. That is why people must watch out for it. c. The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg by Aesop teaches the lesson that all that glitters is not gold. A couple had a goose that laid golden eggs, but on the inside the goose had no gold at all. According to the story, She had no golden eggs inside of her at all, and they had no more golden eggs. d. The Goose That Laid the Golden Egg by Aesop teaches the lesson that greed results in nothing. A man and his wife owned a goose that daily laid a golden egg. In order to receive all of the golden eggs at once, the couple killed the goose, but found no golden eggs inside. Not only did they lose the goose, they also lost the daily golden egg. She had no special golden eggs inside of her at all, and they had no more golden eggs. 2. Sometimes, a comma is needed in between two adjectives. Explain why no comma is need between the two adjectives special and golden. 3. Which of the following best contributes to the development of the theme? a. the setting The story is set on a farm. b. the characters motives- The couple killed the goose to get more eggs. c. the husband s silly personality trait d. the plot- the goose laying eggs

11 The Cat and the Mice There was once a house that was overrun with Mice. A Cat heard of this and said to herself, "That's the place for me," and off she went and took up her quarters in the house. The cat caught the Mice one by one and ate them. At last the Mice could stand it no longer, and they determined to take to their holes and stay there. "That's awkward," said the Cat to herself: "the only thing to do is to coax them out by a trick." So she considered a while, and then she climbed up the wall and let herself hang down by her hind legs from a peg and pretended to be dead. By and by a Mouse peeped out and saw the Cat hanging there. "Aha!" it cried. You're very clever, madam, no doubt, but you may turn yourself into a bag of meal hanging there if you like, yet you won't catch us coming anywhere near you." If you are wise, you won't be deceived by the innocent appearances of those whom you have once found to be dangerous. Write an objective summary for this fable on the lines below. Remember, an objective summary must be put in your own words, cannot contain opinions, focuses on the main idea, and omits minor details.

12 The Crow and the Pitcher A thirsty Crow found a Pitcher with some water in it, but so little was there that, try as she might, she could not reach it with her beak, and it seemed as though she would die of thirst within sight of the remedy. At last she hit upon a clever plan. She began dropping pebbles into the Pitcher, and with each pebble the water rose a little higher until at last it reached the brim, and the knowing bird was enabled to quench her thirst. Necessity is the mother of invention. Write an objective summary for this fable on the lines below. Remember, an objective summary must be put in your own words, cannot contain opinions, focuses on the main idea, and omits minor details.

13 The Monkey as King At a gathering of all the animals, the Monkey danced and delighted them so much that they made him their King. The Fox, however, was very much disgusted at the promotion of the Monkey. So having one day found a trap with a piece of meat in it, the Fox took the Monkey there and said to him, "Here is a dainty morsel I have found, sire; I did not take it myself because I thought it ought to be reserved for you, our King. Will you be pleased to accept it?" The Monkey made at once for the meat and got caught in the trap. Then he bitterly reproached the Fox for leading him into danger, but the Fox only laughed and said, "O Monkey, you call yourself King of the Beasts and haven't more sense than to be taken in like that!" Write an objective summary for this fable on the lines below. Remember, an objective summary must be put in your own words, cannot contain opinions, focuses on the main idea, and omits minor details.

14 The Mouse, The Crow, and The Hawk A Mouse and a Frog struck up a friendship; they were not well mated, for the Mouse lived entirely on land while the Frog was equally at home on land or in the water. In order that they might never be separated, the Frog tied himself and the Mouse together by the leg with a piece of thread. As long as they kept on dry land, all went fairly well. However, coming to the edge of a pool, the Frog jumped in, taking the Mouse with him, and began swimming about and croaking with pleasure. The unhappy Mouse, however, was soon drowned, and he floated about on the surface in the wake of the Frog. There the mouse was spied by a Hawk, who pounced down on him and seized him in his talons. The Frog was unable to loosen the knot which bound him to the Mouse, and thus he was carried off along with him and eaten by the Hawk. Write an objective summary for this fable on the lines below. Remember, an objective summary must be put in your own words, cannot contain opinions, focuses on the main idea, and omits minor details.

15 The Fox Without a Tail A fox once fell into a trap, and after a struggle, managed to get free but with the loss of his tail. He was then so much ashamed of his appearance that he thought life was not worth living unless he could persuade the other Foxes to part with their tails also, and thus divert attention from his own loss. So he called a meeting of all the Foxes and advised them to cut off their tails. "They're ugly things anyhow," he said, "and besides they're heavy, and it's tiresome to be always carrying them about with you." But one of the other Foxes said, "My friend, if you hadn't lost your own tail, you wouldn't be so keen on getting us to cut off ours. Write an objective summary for this fable on the lines below. Remember, an objective summary must be put in your own words, cannot contain opinions, focuses on the main idea, and omits minor details.

16 Child Labor An American Memory By Janice Anders Think About It When you think of the social problems that have plagued America s past, what do you think about? The Civil Rights Movement of the mid 20 th Century probably comes to mind. Or the struggle women undertook in the early 20 th Century to secure their right to vote. Or the slavery issue that sent our northern states into a long, bloody civil war with our southern states. But would you think of child labor? Probably not. Child labor is an often forgotten social problem that plagued America from its earliest days until it was finally outlawed by the Fair Labor Standards Act in the 1930s. What is Child Labor? So what is child labor? you may be asking yourself. Simply put, child labor is the employment of children in jobs. It can cover a wide range of jobs, not all of them bad. But for the most part, the American problem was horrible. It often involved placing children into inappropriate or even dangerous work environments. For example, during Industrialization, it was not uncommon for children to work right alongside adults from sunrise to sundown in factories and mills. Some History By the 1830s, America had laws on the books that restricted the employment of young children in certain industries, but these laws were lax and went unenforced. Adding to the problem was the view that child labor wasn t a big problem. In rural areas, kids had always helped out on the farms, so thinking of children working in mills and factories didn t raise many eyebrows. Also, many people believed that giving children the opportunity to work helped lower class families that could use the extra money to survive. The Child Labor Reform Movement Many Americans were growing concerned about the child labor problem in America, and they worked hard to reform child labor. In 1904, a group called the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) was established. It worked to raise awareness of child labor issues. Also in the early 1900s, a photographer named Lewis Hine took many pictures of children working in factories and mills. These photographs were viewed by the public and greatly swayed public opinion. Many states started passing stricter laws regarding the employment of minors. In the late 1930s, the labor reform movement had a major victory when Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. Minors over age 16 could only work in non-hazardous occupations, and the age of 18 was set as the minimum age for working in hazardous jobs. A Global Problem? Although child labor has been all but eradicated in America, it continues to be a problem throughout the world. Many countries still allow the exploitation of children in a variety of jobs. There are many international organizations currently monitoring the child labor problem across the globe and working to stop the mistreatment of children everywhere. They send a very clear message to any country still allowing this horrible practice stop child labor now!

17 Child Labor- An American Memory Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the article? a. The article Child Labor - An American Memory by Janice Anders explains the injustices of child labor until it was outlawed in the 1930s. When child labor was legal, children were working long hours under often dangerous conditions. Even though there were laws set during the 1800s to prevent young children from working, these laws were not enforced, and many looked upon child labor as beneficial to families. It was not until the 1930s when the Fair Labor Standards Act was passed that set laws preventing children under the age of sixteen from working in hazardous jobs. While in America, child labor has ended, this continues to be a serious issue in other countries. b. The article Child Labor- An American Memory by Janice Anders explains the injustices of child labor until it was outlawed in the 1930s. Children were forced to work in dangerous jobs and often worked from sun up to sun down right alongside adults. By the 1830s, there were laws on the books that prohibited young children from working, but nobody paid any attention to these laws. Kids helped out on the farms, which was needed during this time because there was so much work to do. Children who came from poor families also worked to help make ends meet. In 1904, a committee was established to help bring awareness to the tremendous problem. There was also a photographer who took pictures of kids working. These pictures helped people see the big problem. In the 1930s, a law was passed preventing children under the age of 16 from working. Child labor is a global problem to this day. In other countries, children are still forced to work. There are still organizations that fight against child labor everywhere around the world. c. The article Child Labor An American Memory by Janice Anders explains the injustices of child labor until it was outlawed in the 1930s. According to the article, the American problem was horrible. It often involved placing children into inappropriate or even dangerous work environments. Finally in the 1930s, laws were set in place to end child labor in America. However, the problem still exists in other countries, and there are organizations who work globally to end child labor everywhere. d. The article Child Labor- An American Memory by Janice Anders explains the injustices of child labor until it was outlawed in the 1930s. There has never been a more dangerous problem for America than child labor. Children were forced to work long hours in dangerous jobs. In the 1930s, thanks to the help of a photographer, an act was passed that ended child labor. This most likely saved the lives of thousands of children. Today, however, the struggle continues. We all must join forces to help end child labor all over the world. Or the slavery issue that sent our northern states into a long, bloody civil war with our southern states. Explain why the comma is used between the words long and bloody. What text structure is mainly used under the heading The Child Labor Reform Movement? a. compare/contrast b. problem/solution c. chronological order d. description

18 McDonald's in global profit free fall as people everywhere increasingly reject chemically-altered toxic fast food By Mike Adams For decades, McDonald's has been the poster child of chemically-altered factory-made fast food. While preying on the emotional imprinting of children with on-site playgrounds and social engineering marketing tactics, the restaurant's true fundamental ethics are reflected in the horrors of the factory food industry: imprisoned chickens in tiny cages, genetically modified soy as meat fillers, chemically-altered menu ingredients and a geopolitical form of processed food imperialism that has resulted in McDonald's restaurants "occupying" hundreds of nations around the world while exporting obesity, diabetes and heart disease globally. Slowly but surely, the public has increasingly caught on to the McDonald's sleight-of-food stage magic. Feel-good advertising can't cover up the truth about its inhumane treatment of animals, genetically modified food ingredients and insidious social programming that tries to equate the restaurant with an emotional state of bliss. "Happy Meal..." seriously? I doubt the chickens who were slaughtered for that meal were very happy... Corporate earnings in free fall Now, the global restaurant chain is feeling the financial vacuum that happens when people realize you've been feeding them poison. Corporate earnings are "in an absolute free fall", reports Quartz.com. "McDonald s announced today that sales at stores open at least a year were down more 1.7% worldwide, and dropped 4% in the all important US market." And where are people going instead? To restaurants like Chipotle, which was once owned in large part by McDonald's but has since branched off and found a groove with more health-conscious customers who really do give a hoot where their food ingredients come from. In this process, McDonald's, which has been far too slow to wake up to the reality of informed consumers and food transparency, has become a sort of garbage food depot for the nutritionally ignorant. It's the kind of place that attracts people who are so uninformed about food and nutrition that they think Kraft Macaroni and Cheese contains real cheese. Or that the "All Natural" label claim means organic. Desperate to make up for lost ground, McDonald's has announced its intention to remove "human antibiotics" from its chicken meat supply. In a document entitled, McDonald s Global Vision for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Food Animals," the company says it hopes to prohibit the use of antimicrobials in food animals that are by WHO definition 'critically important' to human medicine, and not presently approved for veterinary use."

19 McDonald's in global profit free fall as people everywhere increasingly reject chemically-altered toxic fast food 1. Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the article? a. The article McDonald s in Global Profit Free Fall As People Everywhere Increasingly Reject Chemically-Altered Toxic Fast Food by Mike Adams discusses McDonald's problem with processed food. It is disgusting how McDonald s has tried to appeal to young children with happy meals when their chicken nuggets and other foods are made of ingredients that are bad for people s health. People have started to catch on and are now going to places like Chipotle instead. McDonald s has suffered financially because people are finding out about their fake ingredients, and it is only right that they do so. McDonald s needs to change! People s health matters. b. The article McDonald s in Global Profit Free Fall As People Everywhere Increasingly Reject Chemically-Altered Toxic Fast Food by Mike Adams discusses the financial decline that McDonald s has suffered over the past few years. According to the article, sales have dropped more 1.7% worldwide, and dropped 4% in the all important US market. This is due mainly to their chemically altered menu. Now that people are more educated about how important it is to eat real organic food, they are staying away from the mega food chain. As a result, McDonald s is suffering financially. c. The article McDonald s in Global Profit Free Fall As People Everywhere Increasingly Reject Chemically-Altered Toxic Fast Food by Mike Adams discusses the problem that McDonald s finds itself in due to their menu filled with processed food. Slowly, but surely, people have caught on to the fact that McDonald s food is not something that they need to consume. People are also becoming aware of how poorly McDonald s treats its chickens. Currently, McDonald s is realizing its financial hardship that happens when people become educated. Unless people do not care at all where their food comes from, they are avoiding McDonald s and choosing more healthy places to eat. McDonald s is just now trying to solve some of their problems by saying that the food chain will remove human antibiotics from their chicken and other meat products. d. The article McDonald s in Global Profit Free Fall As People Everywhere Increasingly Reject Chemically-Altered Toxic Fast Food by Mike Adams discusses how the public has become aware of McDonald s use of processed food and inhumane treatment of its chickens. Due to this awareness by consumers, McDonald's has seen a major drop in earnings. In an effort to mend its loss, McDonald s is now vowing to have human antibiotics removed from its chicken. For decades, McDonald's has been the poster child of chemically-altered factory-made fast food. 2. What is meant by the words poster child in this sentence? In this process, McDonald's, which has been far too slow to wake up to the reality of informed consumers and food transparency, has become a sort of garbage food depot for the nutritionally ignorant. 3. Explain why the comma is after the word McDonald s and after the word transparency. 4. Reread the last paragraph of the article. Which of the following text structures is mainly used in this last paragraph? a. compare/contrast b. chronological c. problem/solution d. description

20 Family Camping Fun While getting away from the hustle and bustle of city life is one of the reasons families choose to go camping, for kids it s the ultimate adventure. If you are planning a family camping trip this summer, here are some tips that will ensure your vacation is both a safe and fun experience. 1. Pre-camping preparation If you have small children, you may want to select a tent that will accommodate all of you comfortably. On the other hand, if you are camping with experienced older children, it may be a good idea to purchase additional pup tents to give them some sense of independence. Another great tip is to practice assembling the tents in your backyard so as to avoid wasting time at the camp site. 2. Selecting a campsite Depending upon whether you decide to rough it or choose a campsite that is close to amenities, you can research the many campsites online that offer comprehensive information on the area. This will enable you to decide not only what equipment, clothing, and food you need to take, but the available hiking areas and points of interest as well. Ensure that the campsite you select is an official campsite area. Moreover, when researching camping sites, it s a good idea to look for those areas that are on the high ground. Thus, if it rains, your tent and equipment will not become water logged. 3. Make a checklist. This is very important to ensure you do not forget anything on your camping trip. Among the items on your checklist, some of the more important items you will need are: Cooking gear such as a frying pan, a few pots, a bucket, barbecue grill or stove, bags with a Ziploc, and cooking utensils. In addition, food containers and canned goods are best. It is also recommended that you prepare meals at home and package them in containers for the trip. Also bring water, a can opener, hot water kettle and coffee pot, and a cooler with a block of ice. You will definitely want to serve food to children on paper plates that can be thrown away. Packing the appropriate clothing is also essential. Depending upon the location, wearing light layers is a good idea as well as packing some sweaters and jackets for the evening hours. Extra socks, hats, and gloves may also be warranted. If you intend to engage in some hiking, proper hiking boots are necessary. Sleeping bags, first aid kit, flashlights, cell phone, garbage bags, toiletries, sunscreen, ointments, a map of the area, insect repellent, games for the kids, and rainwear are also all important. 4. Choose an area to set up the tents. Ensure there are no rocks or debris where the tent will be set up. Most campgrounds will post warning signs or instructions regarding specific animals and vegetation. 5. Ensure that it is set up further away from the tents. After you have roasted the marshmallows, sang songs, and told ghost stories, douse the fire before going to bed. Finally, enjoy the entire camping experience. Sleeping under the stars, communing with nature, and relishing the time spent with family will not only bring a family closer together, but the memories of this experience will last forever.

21 Family Camping Fun Which of the following is the BEST objective summary of the article? a. The article Family Camping Fun suggests five tips to ensure that a family has a safe and fun camping trip. Choosing a campsite is of major importance, along with preparing for the trip prior to going and making a checklist including important things that need to be packed. b. The article Family Camping Fun suggests that camping can be a great deal of fun but only if the family follows certain safety procedures. According to the article, pre-preparation must be completed prior to the trip. People should practice setting up their tents in their backyard before going camping. Selecting a campsite is also important. It is very important to make sure that the campsite is an official campsite area. It is also suggested that tents be set up on high ground to avoid problems with rain. In addition, making a checklist is also important to make sure that campers do not forget needed materials. Campers should also choose to set up their tents away from rocks and debris and away from other campers. c. The article Family Camping Fun suggests that camping can be fun for a family if five important instructions are followed. These five suggestions are the best ones for camping. For example, the article suggests that campers choose a campsite that is close to amenities. This makes sense because if you do not set up camp near a restroom, it is going to be scary at night when you have to walk a long way. The article also argues that a list should be made prior to going camping. This will make sure nothing of importance is left behind. d. The article Family Camping Fun suggests campers should only go camping if they are responsible enough to follow five simple rules. If people cannot prepare beforehand, they should not go camping because they will only run into trouble. Making a list and setting up the tent in a safe and reasonable area will aid in a fun, safe trip. Camping is a very good activity for families to draw closer. You will definitely want to serve food to children on paper plates that can be thrown away. 2. Rewrite this sentence from the article to correct the misplaced modifier. On the other hand, if you are camping with experienced older children, it may be a good idea to purchase additional pup tents to give them some sense of independence. 3. A comma is often needed between two adjectives. Explain why a comma is not needed between the two adjectives experienced and older. 4. Which of the following text structures is mainly used in this article? a. compare/contrast b. chronological c. problem/solution d. listing

22 Easy Ways to Make your Home More Eco-Friendly We all want to do our part to protect the environment, but without a large paycheck, that can seem arduous, if not impossible. But doing your part doesn t have to be hard. Small steps add up to a big difference, you just have to know which ones to take. Use less water. Saving water is all about small steps, here are a few that will help save big. Shut off the water while you brush your teeth Take showers that are a minute or two shorter Only flush the toilet when you need to Only run full loads of laundry and dishes Buy from sustainable producers. These are farmers, ranchers, and other producers that use techniques that pollute less and use less water. You can do some research online or ask at your local organic market to find these products. Use less energy. If you don t have the money to buy a hybrid car or convert your house to solar power, you can make a big difference with small changes. Buy energy efficient appliances. They may be more expensive, but make up for the increased cost in lower energy bills. Unplug chargers when you re not using them. Cell phones and other chargers use up powers even if there s nothing attached to them. Put devices with remotes, like T.V.s, VCRs, and stereos, on a power strip and turn them off when you re not using them. These devices use a lot of power to run the remote receiver even when the device is off Walk or ride for short trips on your bike. Buy local products. It takes energy to transport food and other products across the country. Buying local not only supports your local economy, it helps them use less energy. When it comes to saving energy and water, it s a great idea to get the kids involved. You can even make it a game. Have them track how much water and electricity everyone is using. You can compete to see who uses the least water. You can often count on your kids to help keep you on track when given the task. Reuse. Most of us know the three R s: reduce, reuse, recycle, but when we work on conserving, we often leave reuse out of the picture. While you can often find tips on how to reuse common products from other people, what you need most is creativity. With a little thought there are many items around your home that can be reused toilet paper holders can be used to sow seeds for the vegetable patch. And old yogurt containers can be cut into strips to make plant labels. Old food jars can be refilled with homemade foods or can make great impromptu vases. We all knowing that going green means better for the environment, but it s also better for you. Conserving resources also helps save money, which is something most people are happy to live with.