5 th Grade Science Pre-assessment Organisms & Environments Unit 5 KEY

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1 5 th Grade Science Pre-assessment Organisms & Environments Unit 5 KEY 1. Sun Grass Grasshopper Spider Bird Using the food chain above, how would a large decrease in the spider population affect the other members of the ecosystem? A. The number of birds and grasshoppers would increase. B. The number of birds and the amount of grass would decrease. C. The number of grasshoppers and the amount of grass would increase. D. The number of grasshoppers would decrease, and the number of birds would increase. Explain your answer choice: The fewer spiders there are the less the birds have to eat so their population would decrease and the amount of grasshoppers would increase because of a lack of predators. So the more grasshoppers the amount of grass would decrease due to them eating it. 2. Observe the illustrations below. Which of the above, best illustrates how energy flows through a food chain? A. Food Chain A B. Food Chain B C. Food Chain C D. Food Chain D Explain your answer choice: Is the correct order because the producer is first followed by a herbivore and then on to the carnivores. 3. In a food chain, what do the arrows and the directions of the arrows represent? For example it is important to show an arrow going from the producers to the consumers. The arrows represent the transfer of energy. The direction represents the direction the energy is moving. Consumers get their energy from the producers, so the energy travels from the producers to the consumers. a. What is a producer and give three examples. Producers are organisms that make their own food. Any green plants that makes its own food through photosynthesis b. What is a consumer and give three examples.

2 Consumers need to eat other organisms to get the energy to live. Any animal is a consumer. 4. Define the terms: Herbivore, Carnivore, and Omnivore and give two examples of each. Herbivore Plant eater: cow, deer, grasshopper, moose, etc Carnivore Eats other animals: lion, tiger, shark, etc. Omnivore Eats both plant and animal materials: humans, bears, pigs, etc. 5. Define the terms Predator and Prey and describe the relationship between these two types of organisms. Predator An animal that hunts down and eats other animals Prey An animal that gets hunted down and eaten by other animals. The predator relies on the prey, if the number of prey goes down, so will the number of predators. If the number of predators increases the number of prey will decrease. Each organism s population is related to the other. 6. When a student drinks milk, they become part of a food chain. What is the original energy source of the food chain that includes the student and the milk? Explain your answer choice. A. Soil B. Cows C. Grass D. Sun Explain your answer choice: The sun starts every food chain original source of energy 7. Use the following prairie organisms to create a food web. Make sure to show the proper transfer of energy: rabbit, prairie dog, grasshopper, crow, grass, wolf, and snake.

3 8. Using the food web above, what animals would be affected if a disease wiped out all of the insects? Explain what would happen to the populations of the organisms affected. With a disease wiping out all the insects in the web, the spider and toad populations would no longer have this source of food. Their numbers, in turn, would probably decrease which will affect the bird and snake populations, probably decreasing each if other food sources are not easily available 9. The Department of Transportation has decided to extend a road through a wetland area. The road will be a four lane highway and will take 1 year to complete. To ensure that the road is safe, it has been decided that sand and rocks will need to be brought in to make sure the ground is firm. Also, many trees & plants will be removed to make room for the road. Explain the effects of this new road construction on the habitat and the organisms that live there. The wetland area would become much drier because of the new sand and soil brought in. This would make it difficult for wetland creatures to survive, thus they would die off. Also, pollution from the construction and use of the road could affect the living organisms in the area. Many organisms could not adapt fast enough and die off. 10. Define complete metamorphosis and incomplete metamorphosis. Explain how they are similar and different. Complete metamorphosis is when an organism goes through four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult; while incomplete metamorphosis is when an organism goes through three distinct stages: egg, nymph, and adult.

4 11. Draw and label the life cycle of a butterfly. 12. Draw and label the life cycle of a grasshopper. 13. Are humans an example of metamorphosis? Why or why not? Humans are not an example of metamorphosis. Humans are born looking like they will as an adult only smaller. Metamorphosis involves a huge physical change. (Could also say that humans are direct descent.) 14. An adult female dog has a long tail and short straight brown fur with a white spot on her chest. She carries in the morning paper and brings it to her master. She sleeps on the couch when her master is not at home. A male pup has a long tail, long brown curly fur, and lots of white spots on her back. She ignores the morning paper and she sleeps on the couch when her master is away. A female pup has a long tail, short brown straight fur, and a white spot on his chest. He tears up the morning paper whenever he gets a chance. He sleeps in a basket near the fireplace. - Based on the information above, which pup is more likely to be the adult female dog's offspring? The female pup

5 - Which traits did you use to make your choice? Long tail and Short straight brown fur with white spot of chest - Explain why you used these traits to make your choice and no other items. These are the traits that are inherited from parent to offspring. The others are learned behaviors. 15. Barn swallows are among the fastest flying birds. A barn swallow has been observed flying as fast as 46 miles per hour. All of the following are inherited traits of a barn swallow EXCEPT A. Migrating south for the winter B. Singing mating songs C. Eating from a bird feeder D. Building nests made of mud 16. Bullfrogs are a type of amphibian that lives in wet habitats. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY a learned behavior of bullfrogs? A. Jumping when frightened B. Laying eggs in water C. Avoiding insects that cause illnesses D. Swimming underwater 17. Animals display a wide variety of characteristics. Some characteristics are learned behaviors. Explain how animals learn some behaviors? Animals learn by watching other animals and change their behaviors. 18. Foxes are animals that usually hunt for food at night. Basic hunting abilities are not considered a learned behavior, since hunting is an instinct for survival. Give 2 specific examples of an inherited trait that helps a fox hunt successfully. Color for camouflage, good eyesight, teeth for killing, sense of smell, etc. 19. Give 1 specific example of a learned hunting behavior that a fox could use to hunt more successfully. Discovering where their prey lives in abundance, sneaking up on prey from up-wind, etc.

6 20. List the 4 major structures of a plant. List what each of the structures does to help the plant survive. Plant Structure Function Roots Brings in water, anchors the plant Stem Holds plant upright, sends water & food throughout the plant Leaves Makes food, releases oxygen Flower Reproduction, attracts pollinators 21. Animals develop physical adaptations to conform to their environments. Complete the table below: Animal Structure Function Blubber, fur, feathers To stay warm in cold temperatures Quills, claws, camouflage, speed Protection or defense from predators Answers may vary: Sharp Teeth Rip and tear flesh, for food 22. Why do different birds have different beaks like the ones pictured? Explain your answer. The birds live in different environments and thus have different diets. The beaks are used to eat different things so the birds need different beaks. Some are made for ripping flesh, some are for digging out small marine creatures, some are for getting insects out of wood, and some are for cracking nuts.