The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives

Transcription

1 Native America: A Primary Record Series 2 The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives General and Tribal Files, Primary Source Media

2 The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives General and Tribal Files, Filmed from the holdings of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University Primary Source Media

3 Primary Source Media 12 Lunar Drive, Woodbridge, CT Tel: (800) and (203) Fax: (203) P.O. Box 45, Reading, England Tel: (+44) Fax: (+44) All rights reserved, including those to reproduce this book or any parts thereof in any form Printed and bound in the United States of America 2004 iii

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Collection Overview....v Introduction to the Collection. vi Editorial Note......xii Reel Index.xiv Acknowledgments...xxi The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives, General and Tribal Files, , Part 1, General Files.1 Part 2, Tribal Files 71 iv

5 COLLECTION OVERVIEW Since its founding in 1922, the Association on American Indian Affairs (AAIA) has promoted the rights of more than 300 Native American tribes throughout the United States. Over the course of its history, the Association has stood on the forefront of battles for Native American rights, from protection of land and water resources and the right of self-determination to the right to worship freely and to secure equal educational opportunity for their children. The work of the Association has embraced eight areas of concern to Native Americans: education, economic development, health and sanitation, land tenure, irrigation, preservation of culture and religion, tribal sovereignty, and youth. Among its major achievements was its role as catalyst for the enactment of the Indian Child Welfare Act in The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives document the role of this important twentieth-century Native American advocacy organization. This microfilm edition of the Archives is filmed from the holdings of the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton University. The Archives, which include materials dating from 1922 to 1983, are one of the most comprehensive research collections on the struggles of Native Americans in the twentieth century. Correspondence, minutes, reports, articles, clippings, and other printed materials provide a wealth of valuable information for researchers. Most of the records are unique and cannot be found in any other collection. To cite just one example, rare materials from 1920s and 1930s illuminate early efforts in the pursuit of Native American rights, which in turn influenced many later initiatives. Native America, Series 2, the AAIA General and Tribal Files, document the work of the AAIA. The large and comprehensive general subject files deal with matters of national scope and reflect the importance the AAIA attached to effecting change in Washington. These files are distinguished by materials concerning a wide array of organizations, government agencies, key people, legislation, selected court cases, and issues of concern to Native Americans. Particularly well represented are the American Indian Development Corporation, the American Indian Policy Review Commission, the Association of Contract Tribal Schools, and the National Congress of American Indians. Of special interest are the files relating to the Association s vexed relationship with Commissioners of Indian Affairs Dillon Myer and Glenn Emmons in the 1950s, both of whom advocated termination of federal responsibilities for Native Americans. The single largest component of the Archives is the tribal files, which consist of significant and rare materials related to more than 300 tribes and document the Association s work on local issues with the tribes. These files are organized alphabetically, initially by state and then by tribe, organization, or other subject. Taken together, the AAIA general and tribal files provide a wealth of materials for researchers interested in Native American studies, American studies, economics, U.S. history, social welfare studies, and ethnic studies. v

6 INTRODUCTION A better understanding of the role played by the Association on American Indian Affairs (AAIA) may be gained by looking at an overview of Indian reform groups. This overview also shows some but not all of the problems documented in the AAIA Papers. History of the Native American Reform Movement By 1900 the most prominent Indian reform group was the Indian Rights Association (IRA) of Philadelphia. Founded in 1882, the IRA sought to civilize and assimilate Indians by making them citizens. These goals were to be achieved by education, Christian conversion, and individualizing tribal property. The IRA maintained a Washington agent who monitored the Indian Office activities and congressional legislation. During the summers, IRA representatives visited Indian reservations to investigate various trouble spots. Although the IRA often criticized the Indian Office, especially its dishonest field workers, its overall philosophy conformed closely to the government s policies. Both the office and government policies sought ways for Indians to be assimilated into white society, and Native American traditions were perceived to be obstacles to this agenda. In the early 1920s three new Indian reform groups emerged in response to the Bursum Bill of This legislation sought to settle land disputes between the Pueblo Indians and non-indians who settled after 1848 on Pueblo holdings in the Rio Grande Valley. Galvanized by the extreme bias against Pueblo claims, Santa Fe artists, anthropologists, and writers organized the New Mexico Association on Indian Affairs (NMAIA). Also in opposition to the Bursum Bill, some New York City residents formed the Eastern Association on Indian Affairs (EAIA) in December EAIA founders owned property in Santa Fe and were interested the life and arts of the Pueblo in the Rio Grande Valley. The NMAIA and the EAIA cooperated closely in the early years. In this battle, John Collier, a former social worker, took the lead against the Bursum Bill; he formed his own group, the American Indian Defense Association (AIDA), in May Collier s group was headquartered in New York City, but it also established branches on the West Coast. John Collier s Divisive Role The NMAIA, EAIA, and AIDA represented a significant shift from prevailing assimilation goals. Though most of these activists probably believed in the eventual assimilation of Indians, they tended to be much more tolerant of Indian cultures. Second, the reform groups, especially Collier s AIDA, were willing to attack the Indian Office directly. Collier, for example, saw defeating the Bursum Bill as the first step in a complete overhaul of the Indian Office. He attempted to do exactly that when he served as Commissioner of Indian Affairs from 1933 to Almost from the beginning, however, members of the NMAIA and the EAIA were suspicious of John Collier. Concerned about antagonizing the government, the two associations favored a revision of the Bursum Bill, while Collier demanded totally new legislation and focused his criticism on Secretary of Interior Albert B. Fall and Commissioner of Indian Affairs Charles R. Burke. In the midst of the legislative battle, Collier fired Francis Wilson, a popular Santa Fe attorney, because he had endorsed a compromise bill. The final break came when Collier met Pueblo leaders at Santo Domingo Pueblo in August 1923 without first consulting the NMAIA. vi

7 When Collier presented a draft bill to the Pueblo leaders that the NMAIA thought promised too much, one NMAIA representative tried to table the measure. After this move was rejected, the NMAIA leaders bolted the meeting. The Pueblo Land Act finally passed in 1924; it set terms for the eviction of settlers on Indian land, but its results proved disappointing. Collier continued to take a very active role in Indian reforms after 1924; however, the EAIA faded sharply. Oliver La Farge Joins EAIA A major boost for the EAIA came in February 1930 when Oliver La Farge joined the board of directors. A promising anthropologist and winner of the 1930 Pulitzer Prize for Laughing Boy, a novel about the Navajo, La Farge quickly schooled himself on Indian affairs and assisted the EAIA s Indian health program and its encouragement of Indian arts and crafts. Unfortunately, La Farge was badly embarrassed when he and anthropologist and EAIA president, Herbert Spinden, appeared before the 1931 Senate hearings to defend Herbert Hagerman, a New Mexico leader who had worked on the Pueblo Land Board and organized a new Navajo tribal council. Collier claimed that Hagerman was honest but incompetent and should be removed from office. Armed with information from Collier, the senators successfully dominated over the ill-prepared and weak defense of La Farge and Spinden. In 1932 La Farge opposed the election of Franklin Roosevelt, and he resisted John Collier s subsequent appointment as Indian commissioner. Spinden resigned the presidency of the EAIA, and several members suggested that the group disband. La Farge fought off dissolution and, not surprisingly, found himself elected president of the EAIA. Once in command, La Farge learned that a half-dozen angels supported the EAIA and discouraged recruiting new members. The organization consisted of only eighteen people, six fewer than the number on the board of directors. Within a year, La Farge increased membership to 180 and restored the health program and payment of field representatives. In 1933 the EAIA changed its name to the National Association on Indian Affairs to suggest that it was more than a regional organization. More remarkable than the survival of the EAIA, La Farge and Collier ignored their past differences after Collier became Indian commissioner in 1933 and began to cooperate closely. One reason for their rapport was their shared belief in the practical application of social science to the problems of Indian administration. As a result, Collier appointed La Farge to help devise a written system of Navajo, and later the commissioner asked him to organize a tribal government for the Hopi. La Farge also supported the Collier administration during the government s controversial livestock reductions on the Navajo reservation and its attempts to revise the Navajo tribal council. La Farge sometimes suggested modifying Navajo programs, but basically he stood behind the government s efforts. NAIA and AIDA Join to Form New Group Both the NAIA and the AIDA struggled in the period after By 1935, for example, the NAIA could support only one field nurse and was scrambling to fund its publications. The AIDA suffered because many of its members believed the organization s work was done once Collier became commissioner. The two organizations quietly joined in June 1937, calling the combined group the American Association on Indian Affairs. In 1946 it would become the Association on American Indian Affairs (AAIA). The new organization faced continual problems. Wealthy patrons stopped contributing because they disliked the New Deal and Collier s Indian policies. La Farge, who supported himself with vii

8 freelance writing, actually ran the association out of his home. World War II practically stalemated the AAIA s work. Moris Burge, a veteran field representative, entered government service; La Farge resigned and became a historical officer for the Air Transport Service; and Haven Emerson, former president of the AIDA, was left to take charge of the AAIA until La Farge returned in 1946, resumed as president in 1948, and saw the AAIA really come of age. Alexander Lesser, an anthropologist, became a full-time executive director. Felix Cohen, author of the seminal Handbook of Federal Indian Law (1940), served as legal counsel, and in 1950 the AAIA established a legal committee. The AAIA engaged a fund-raising company in 1948 and vastly increased its revenues. La Farge now could delegate authority while retaining control over general policies from his Santa Fe home. The strengthening of the AAIA came at a critical time. John Collier resigned in early 1945, and the Indian Office entered a period of drift. In 1950 Dillon S. Myer, a professional administrator, became commissioner and launched a controversial policy of withdrawing federal services from Indians. Myer asserted that state or local governments should assume responsibilities for Indian welfare. Post World War II AAIA Actions In 1949 a bill was introduced for the rehabilitation of the Navajo and Hopi tribes. When the measure reached the House of Representatives, Antonio Fernandez introduced an amendment to extend state legal jurisdiction over the two reservations, and he also called for the federal government to pay for 80 percent of the states normal share of Social Security benefits to Indians. The AAIA helped persuade President Harry S. Truman to veto the amended bill. Congress approved a new measure six months later. Another example was Felix Cohen s filing briefs amici curiae in suits by Indians in New Mexico and Arizona to win their right to vote in The Supreme Court of Arizona and a special panel of federal judges in New Mexico overturned the two states previous bans on Indian voting. The AAIA also defended the fishing rights of Aleut at Karluk, Alaska, and fought off Myer s attempt to restrict tribes from selecting their own attorneys. Eisenhower Administration Is Unhelpful With the election of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952, La Farge and other AAIA leaders expected improved Indian policies, but just the opposite took place. The Eisenhower campaign promise to consult with Indians on major changes was ignored when Congress in 1953 passed Public Law 280, which allowed states to extend jurisdiction over reservations. The same session approved House Concurrent Resolution 108 that called for an end to Indian tribes special legal status. In February 1954 a joint congressional committee began hearings on terminating individual tribes. Termination meant the federal government would cease to honor its established responsibilities regarding tribes, transfer these commitments to states or local governments, and distribute tribal assets either to the tribes or to individuals. Some twelve tribes underwent termination between 1954 and Fighting Tribal Termination Brings Administrative Changes To fight termination, the AAIA joined forces with the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), an important all-indian organization founded in 1944, with several other reform groups, and with John Collier. La Farge, in particular, was incensed by termination and in 1954 called the policy the most wholesale and heartless attack upon surviving Indians... that has occurred viii

9 in the entire history of the Republic. The real motive behind the policy, he insisted, was white people s intention to gain control over natural resources belonging to the Indians. La Farge was correct, especially regarding the Klamath of Oregon and the Menominee of Wisconsin. These tribes controlled extremely rich timberlands. In the midst of the termination battles, the AAIA suffered an internal crisis. Alexander Lesser, the executive director since 1947, became increasingly assertive and demanding, alienating many on the board of directors. Lesser was also almost fanatical in his opposition to cooperating with the NCAI. La Farge had some reservations, but he saw the NCAI as a growing and positive force. In mid-1956, Lesser resigned under pressure, and his assistant, LaVerne Madigan, became executive director. Her tenure proved highly successful. Though low-keyed, Madigan was a take-charge, self-confident individual with enormous persistence. She shifted the AAIA s focus even more to a national scope. She united, for example, several Indian groups in Florida in order to settle land claims and create an economic assistance program. Her We Shake Hands program tried to tackle the problems of Northern Plains Indians, but it received little cooperation from the Eisenhower administration. Madigan also initiated important work in Alaska where unsettled land claims after statehood in 1959 threatened native peoples. Madigan s dynamic leadership became important when La Farge s health began to fail. Unfortunately, she was killed in a riding accident in 1962, and La Farge died the following year. After Madigan, William Byler became executive director and served until Writer Alden Stevens took over La Farge s post from 1964 to Roger Ernst, former assistant secretary of interior, headed the AAIA from 1968 to 1973, at which time Alfonso Ortiz, a San Juan Pueblo, became the first Indian to lead the group. Ortiz remained until 1988 when Joy Hanley, a Navajo educator, took the reins. Executive directors in the period included Steven Unger ( ), Idrim Resnick ( ), and Gary Kimble, the first Native American to hold the post ( ). Indians Take Charge and Create Change The environment of Indian affairs changed greatly in the 1960s. Termination created much more militant groups, such as the National Indian Youth Council (NIYC) and the American Indian Movement (AIM). These groups lashed out against the Indian Office for serious failures and accused the NCAI and tribal leaders of being government pawns and out of touch with grassroots Indian movements. Largely consisting of young urbanites, AIM, NIYC, and similar militant groups grabbed headlines with protest marches and dramatic occupations of Alcatraz, the Bureau of Indian Affairs building in Washington, and Wounded Knee in South Dakota. During the same period, the tribes also became much more active. Indian leaders developed much stronger and more sophisticated views on tribal rights regarding sovereign power over reservations. They also became much more willing to turn to courts to protect tribal rights and resources. The Native American Rights Fund of Boulder, Colorado, a legal group, played a significant role in assisting tribes with limited resources. Finally, tribes broke the Indian Office s monopoly over Indian affairs. Tribal leaders regularly lobbied the federal government, devised effective publicity, and successfully applied for grants. The new environment meant that the AAIA still worked on issues, but it increasingly did so in conjunction with tribal governments. Past problems such as education, health, and land and ix

10 water rights remained major concerns, but new causes such as protecting holy sites and repatriation of sacred objects and remains came to the fore. Clearly, the days when tribes were powerless and lacked the knowledge to fight their own battles had come to an end. The helped [had] become the helper. The AAIA became an all-indian organization in 1995, and soon it closed the New York office and moved to Sisseton, South Dakota. Contents of the AAIA Archives and Their Research Uses The microfilm edition of the AAIA Archives covers the period from 1851 to 1983, with the bulk of the material dating from 1922, when its predecessor groups were formed, to To protect individuals privacy, records after 1983 remain sealed. The voluminous records are organized into three major series: Organization Files, Subject Files, and Personal Files. The microfilm edition of Native America, Series 2, General and Tribal Files, consists of the bulk of the Subject Files, which are subdivided into General and Tribal Files. The microfilm edition of Native America 3, Publications, Programs, and Legal and Organizational Files, consists of all of the Organizational Files and Personal Files, and the remaining Subject Files Legislation, Legal Files, Publications, and Programs. What is particularly impressive about the collection is that it contains information on such a wide range of issues. Before World War II the holdings focus primarily on the Southwest, especially the Pueblo and the Navajo, but a broader focus developed after La Farge returned from the war, and LaVerne Madigan s tenure as executive director saw the AAIA achieve truly national scope with fieldwork from Florida to Alaska. What types of studies and researchers will find the AAIA Papers useful? The possibilities are far-ranging and exciting. A historian, for example, could use the collection as a resource for writing a history of Indian reform in the twentieth century or a history of the AAIA and its predecessors. Political scientists and students of rhetoric and communications could study the propaganda tactics of La Farge and other figures in the AAIA. This examination might involve, for example, AAIA press releases, appearances before committee hearings, and articles written for newsletters. Such a study might include identifying the targeted audiences and measuring the success of appeals. Political scientists might also look at how the AAIA acted as a pressure group for Indians who made up a miniscule percentage of the public and who before World War II lacked the resources and experience to defend themselves. Native American scholars will find information about their own tribes and the key issues they faced. With so many prominent people associated with the AAIA, the collection will be able to support the writing of various biographies. For example, a portrait of Felix Cohen, the pioneer scholar of Indian law, would be invaluable. One fascinating topic worth investigating is AAIA relations with other organizations, both white and Indian. The cooperation with the NCAI during the 1950s is especially interesting. For La Farge and others, the change meant a total change of outlook. When one Indian wrote La Farge in 1938 to express an interest in joining the AAIA, La Farge politely but firmly rebuffed him, arguing that Indian members would make the AAIA appear self-interested. The prospect of cooperation with the NCAI and the idea of allowing Indians to serve on the board of directors created tensions, especially for Executive Director Lesser. La Farge himself struggled with the change, but in 1958, in the midst of termination, he wrote, did the NCAI not exist, I think we would have to bring it into being. These are just a few of the many research possibilities the AAIA Archives offer. x

11 Scholarship on the AAIA Archives The AAIA Archives have been put to good use since they were deposited with Princeton and processed. Scholars have used the collection to study such topics as the controversy over the Kinzua Dam and the return of Blue Lake to the Taos Pueblo. Robert Hecht researched the papers even before they were organized in order to write Oliver La Farge and the American Indian: A Biography (1991), and Thomas Clarkin partly based his Federal Indian Policy in the Kennedy and Johnson Administrations (2001) on the AAIA holdings. In closing, a microfilm edition of the AAIA Archives means that one of the most important Indian reform organizations can be studied by scholars in many libraries. The result is that our knowledge of Indian affairs in the twentieth century is enhanced, and we are now able to better understand the Indian struggle for civil rights. Donald L. Parman Professor Emeritus Purdue University xi

12 EDITORIAL NOTE The General and Tribal Files of the Association on American Indian Affairs Archives are housed in the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton University. The microform edition of this collection comprises two parts. The relationship of the parts of the microform edition to the original arrangements of the collection at Princeton University is delineated below: Microform Edition Princeton Series Number Princeton Series Title Princeton Subseries Number Princeton Subseries Title Part 1 Series 2 Subject Files Subseries 1 General Files Part 2 Series 2 Subject Files Subseries 2 Tribal Files ORGANIZATION OF MATERIALS The materials were filmed as found. Files are generally organized in ascending or descending chronological order, following the organization of the collection by the Princeton archivist. When there is more than one file with the same title, the files in the microfilm edition have been numbered consecutively e.g. Child Welfare 1, Child Welfare 2. FORMAT This guide lists materials in the order in which they appear on the reels. The date or dates listed on the record of each folder refer to the inclusive dates of materials that are included in the microfilm edition. NOTICE OF UNFILMED MATERIALS Materials excluded from the series that have been published in this microfilm edition are noted in the entry for the file in which they are housed. These materials are available to researchers who use the collection on site at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton University. Files excluded in their entirety are also listed in this collection guide. These files are available to researchers who use the collection on site at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library. Materials were excluded for one of two reasons: Restrictions Under the terms of an access agreement concluded by Princeton University with the AAIA in 1996, the records of the AAIA are closed for a period of 20 years following the date of their creation. Hence, the records created from 1984 to the present do not appear in this microfilm edition. xii

13 Privacy Some materials could not be microfilmed for reasons of confidentiality. In the interest of protecting the privacy of individuals, a concerted effort was made to exclude records that contained personal addresses, phone numbers, and Social Security numbers. xiii

14 REEL INDEX PART 1 The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives General and Tribal Files, Reel Number "The AAIA: Four Decades of Indian History American Academy of Child Psychiatry 1 1 American Academy of Child Psychiatry 2 American Indian Defense Association 2 American Indian Development Corporation 1 American Indian Law Symposium 3 American Indian Lawyer Training Program 1 American Indian Policy Review Commission Report 1 American Indian Policy Review Commission Report 2 American Indians -- United 5 American Institute of Architects Articles 2 6 Articles 3 Arts and Crafts 1 7 Arts and Crafts 2 ATLATL 8 Attorney Contracts With Tribes Australia: Aboriginal Child Welfare 3 9 Australia: Aboriginal Land Rights 1 Australia: National Aboriginal Education Committee 10 Australia: Publications 1 Basso, Keith H. 11 Battelle Memorial Institute Bibb Company 2 12 Bibliographies 1 Boarding Schools 4 13 Boarding Schools 5 Boy Scouts of America 14 Brackish Groundwater 1 Bureau of Indian Affairs: Indian Industrial Development Program 15 Bureau of Indian Affairs: Indian Involvement Program Canada 1 16 Canada 2 Census 1 17 Census 2 Child Abuse 2 18 Child Abuse 3 Child Welfare 3 19 Child Welfare 4 Child Welfare 8 20 Child Welfare 9 Child Welfare Resource People 21 Child Welfare State-of-the-Field Study Clergy League for America 22 Clifford, John College Board 23 Collier, John 1 Community Leaders Conference on Tuberculosis and Health 24 "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Office of Economic Opportunity Community Action Programs on Six Selected Indian Reservations" 1 Corrections 1 Corrections 2 Council of Energy Resource Tribes 2 26 Council of Three Rivers Courts of Indian Offenses 1 27 Courts of Indian Offenses 2 "A Day School Opportunity For All Indian Children" xiv

15 Reel Number Debo, Angie 1 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 3 29 Department of Housing and Urban Development Dowling, Noel S. 30 Dozier, Edward P. Economic Development 5 31 Economic Development 6 Education: Policy 2 32 Education: Policy 3 Education: Policy 6 33 Education: Policy 7 Education: Policy Education: Policy 12 Education: Theory 2 35 Education: Theory 3 Ely, Gertrude 36 Emerson, Haven Federal Recognition of Tribes 1 37 Federal Recognition of Tribes 2 Feuerstein, Reuven: Learning Potential Assessment Device/ Instrumental Enrichment Workshop 2 Field Foundation 1 Fishing and Hunting Rights 2 39 Fishing and Hunting Rights 3 Forbes, Hildegarde B Forbes, Hildegarde B. 3 Foundations 41 Foundations Investigation Guayule 42 Gypsies Health 3 43 Health 4 Health 8 44 Health 9 Health Health 13 Health Health 16 Health Health 20 Health Hecht, Robert A. Housing 3 49 Housing 4 Indian Adoption Project 50 Indian and Native American Employment and Training Coalition Indian Health Year 51 Indian Leaders' Conference 1 Indian Remains and Artifacts 1 52 Indian Remains and Artifacts 2 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act Regulations Revision 4 Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act Regulations Revision 5 Indians Into Medicine Indians of All Tribes Intertribal Articles and Constitutions 55 Inter-Tribal Indian Ceremonial John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation 56 John Hay Whitney Foundation 1 Johnson-O'Malley Act Regulations Revision 1 57 Johnson-O'Malley Act Regulations Revision 2 Jurisdiction 2 58 Jurisdiction 3 Juvenile Justice System 1 59 Juvenile Justice System 2 Kress, Francesca xv

16 Reel Number Kyi-Yo Pow Wow and Indian Country Tour Land Policy 3 61 LaPalme, Armand R. Law and Order 62 Law Students Council, Law Students Civil Rights Research Council Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Sprague, Chester 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Sprague, Chester 2 Mental Health 3 64 Mental Health 4 Militant Movements 65 Miller, Arvid E. MX Missile 66 Myer, Dillon S. National Conference on Child Abuse and Neglect 67 National Conference on Indian Water Rights National Congress of American Indians 3 68 National Congress of American Indians 4 National Indian Education Conference 69 National Indian Education Finance Network National Tribal Chairmen's Association 70 National Tribal Leaders Forums Natural Resources 1 71 Natural Resources 2 Olympic Development Symposium 72 Organization for Social and Technical Innovation 1 Ortiz, Alfonso 73 O'Sullivan, Benjamin C. Philbrook Art Center 74 Phillips Exeter Academy Protect Americans' Rights and Resources 75 Providencia, Sister Reader's Digest 76 Reading is Fundamental (RIF) Relocation Program 1 77 Relocation Program 2 Revey, James Lone Bear 78 Rhoades, Everett R. Rockefeller Grants 1 79 Rockefeller Grants 2 Rosenthal, Elizabeth C Rossin, Alice H. Senungetuk, Joseph 81 Seven States Indian Health Association Social Security 2 82 Social Services 1 Stanford Research Institute 83 Statute of Limitations Sulzberger, Arthur Ochs 84 Sulzberger, Iphigene Ochs Tribal Managers Corps 85 Tribal Reorganization Regulations University of South Dakota 86 Uranium Wassaja 87 Water Rights 1 West Point 88 Westermeyer, Joseph Wieting, Frederick C. 89 Wilder, LeRoy W. World's Fair: Brussels 90 World's Fair: New York Zuern, Ted xvi

17 REEL INDEX PART 2 The Association on American Indian Affairs Archives General and Tribal Files, Part 2: Tribal Files Reel Number Mowa Choctaw Alaska Native Business Credit Fund 1 92 Alaska Native Business Credit Fund 2 Alaskan Association for Native Affairs (formerly Alaska Native Rights Association) 2 Aleut Relocation Association of Village Council Presidents 3 94 Atmautluak Bowhead Whale 5 95 Bowhead Whale 6 Bowhead Whale 9 96 Bowhead Whale 10 A Citizen s Statement on Alaska Native Land Rights 97 Concerned Citizen Correspondence on Native Land Claims 1 Dena Nena Henash/Tanana Chiefs Conference 1 Dena Nena Henash/Tanana Chiefs Conference 2 Dena Nena Henash/Tanana Chiefs Conference 7 Dena Nena Henash/Tanana Chiefs Conference 8 Health Health 4 King Island 101 Kodiak Area Native Association National Interest Lands 102 Native Alaska: Deadline for Justice Native Land Claims Publicity Native Land Claims Publicity 4 Native Land Claims Publicity Nenana 1 Project Chariot and Point Hope Project Chariot and Point Hope 3 Research Projects Sitka Community Association Trans-Alaska Pipeline Trans-Alaska Pipeline 3 Tundra Times and Rock, Howard Tundra Times and Richards, Thomas Jr. General General 3 General General 7 General General 11 General Ak Chin 1 Central Arizona Tribal Water Rights Central Arizona Tribal Water Rights 3 Central Arizona Tribal Water Rights Central Arizona Tribal Water Rights 9 Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache and Orme Dam Fort Mojave Havasupai Havasupai 7 Havasupai Havasupai 13 Hopi xvii

18 Part 2: Tribal Files Reel Number Hopi 2 Hopi Tribal Council and Constitution 119 Hotevilla Bacavi Community School Salt River Land Management Board Salt River Land Management Board 2 San Carlos Apache Jojoba Project San Carlos Apache Jojoba Project 2 Tohono O odham (Papago) Tohono O odham (Papago) 2 Tohono O odham (Papago): Health 123 Tohono O odham (Papago): Water Rights 1 Colorado River Tribes Colorado River Tribes and Headgate Rock Hydroelectric Power Project 1 Child Welfare Child Welfare 2 Continental Divide High School Continental Divide High School 4 Education Education 3 Intermountain School 128 Irrigation Navajo Area School Board Association 129 Navajo Boundary Extension 1 Navajo Day School Cost Analysis - A Plan for K 8 Day Schools on the Navajo Reservation" 2 Navajo Day School Cost Analysis - A Plan for K 8 Day Schools on the Navajo Reservation" 3 Navajo Tribal Council 3 Navajo Tribal Council Delegates Visit Uranium Uranium 2 General General 4 General Agua Caliente Cahuilla Claims Council of California Indians Jamul Diegueno Jamul Diegueno 3 General General 4 Child Welfare Child Welfare 2 Crow Creek Sioux 139 Devils Lake Sioux 1 Devils Lake Sioux Devils Lake Sioux 7 Devils Lake Sioux Devils Lake Sioux Code of Justice Fort Berthold Youth Home 142 Grave of Sitting Bull Lake Traverse Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Lake Traverse Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux 7 Lake Traverse Sisseton-Wahpeton Lake Traverse Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Constitution Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux 4 Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux 9 Pine Ridge Oglala Sioux Tribal Council Minutes Rapid City Rosebud Sioux Rosebud Sioux 3 Yankton Sioux Yankton Sioux 4 Seminole and Miccosukee Seminole and Miccosukee 3 Seminole and Miccosukee xviii

19 Part 2: Tribal Files Reel Number Seminole and Miccosukee 9 Seminole and Miccosukee Seminole and Miccosukee 14 Seminole and Miccosukee Seminole Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Fort Hall Shoshone-Bannock Fort Hall Shoshone-Bannock 4 General Choctaw 1 Tunica-Biloxi Tunica-Biloxi 2 Gay Head Wampanoag Mashpee 1 Child Welfare Chippewa 1 Choctaw Choctaw 3 Blackfeet Blackfeet 3 Blackfeet Blackfeet 8 Child Welfare Crow 1 Fort Belknap Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Fort Peck Assiniboine-Sioux 1 Northern Cheyenne Northern Cheyenne 3 Northern Cheyenne Northern Cheyenne 8 Northern Cheyenne Northern Cheyenne 13 Northern Cheyenne History: From the Far North to Montana 167 Northern Cheyenne Originals Omaha Omaha 3 Omaha Omaha 9 Duck Valley Shoshone-Paiute and Wildhorse Reservoir Duck Valley Shoshone-Paiute and Wildhorse Reservoir 2 Moapa Paiute 171 Pyramid Lake Paiute 1 Pyramid Lake Paiute Pyramid Lake Paiute 6 All Indian Pueblo Council 173 Child Welfare Pueblo Pueblo 2 Pueblo of Santa Clara Pueblo of Santa Clara 2 Pueblo of Taos Blue Lake Pueblo of Taos Blue Lake 6 Pueblo of Taos Bypass 177 Pueblo of Tesuque General Allegany Seneca Investigation into St. Regis Mohawk Indian School Iroquois Law and Order Project Seneca and Kinzua Dam Seneca and Kinzua Dam 3 Seneca and Kinzua Dam Seneca and Kinzua Dam 8 General General 4 Hatteras Tuscarora: Data for Federal Recognition Hatteras Tuscarora: Petition for Federal Recognition 2 Lumbee Lumbee 2 Creek xix

20 Part 2: Tribal Files Reel Number Creek 3 Kiowa, Comanche and Apache Part 2: Tribal Files Reel Number Kiowa, Comanche and Apache 2 Osage Osage 5 Crow s Shadow Institute 188 Gold Beach Land Swindle Catawba Catawba 2 Child Welfare (Including Tribal-State Agreement) Child Welfare (Including Tribal-State Agreement) 2 Colville Lands 191 Cowlitz Samish 192 Skokomish 1 General General 2 Child Welfare Child Welfare 3 Menominee Menominee 3 Oneida Oneida 4 General 197 xx

21 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The project would not have been possible without assistance from many individuals. Primary Source Media wishes to thank Ben Primer, Associate University Librarian for Rare Books and Special Collections at Princeton University Library, for his commitment to making this collection widely available and his support of this project. We extend a debt of gratitude to Dan Linke, University Archivist and Curator of Public Policy Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library at Princeton, for serving as project director at the Library, for his dedication to making the project run smoothly, his advice and counsel throughout the project, his unfailing good humor, responsiveness to myriad questions, and editorial skills. Special thanks go to Jack Trope, Executive Director of the Association on American Indian Affairs, for his commitment to the project and his generous cooperation, and to the Board of Directors of the AAIA for entrusting PSM with the publication of their records. At PSM, Bennett Lovett-Graff was instrumental in securing Princeton as a prospective publishing partner on this and other collections. Barbara Rader first recognized the value of this collection, pursued a contract for it, and served as PSM s editorial manager of the project. Thanks to PSM s manufacturing department for exemplary work: Barbara Phoenix, who served with dedication as manufacturing project manager; and JoAnn Lebel for overseeing the smooth manufacturing operation. PSM s editorial aides, Kimberly White and Christine Gauvreau, meticulously reviewed all the files, prepared the materials, and helped to create the collection guide. xxi

22 Box Folder Description Years Notes 57 1 "The AAIA: Four Decades of Indian History" 57 2 A and S Tribal Industries 1985 Access restricted for 20 years from Aaron E. Norman Fund Aboriginal Public Policy Institute Access restricted for 20 years from 57 5 Acorn Foundation Trust Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Access restricted for 20 years from Access restricted for 20 years from Access restricted for 20 years from 57 9 Ad-Net Access restricted for 20 years from Advance Advisory Committee on Indian Affairs Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 1993 Access restricted for 20 years from Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians Items from 1989 were not Agricultural Extension Services Agriculture Items from 1988 were not AKC Fund Alan Guttmacher Institute 1993 Access restricted for 20 years from Alcohol and Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Abuse Alcohol and Drug Abuse Access restricted for 20 years from 58 3 Alliance of Native Americans 1988 Access restricted for 20 years from 1

23 Box Folder Description Years Notes 58 4 Alovis, Barbara Amazon Network 1993 Access restricted for 20 years from 58 6 American Academy of Child Psychiatry American Academy of Child Psychiatry American Anthropological Association 58 9 American Association for the Advancement of Science American Civil Liberties Union American Civil Liberties Union: Pamphlet on Indian Reorganization Act 59 1 American Freedom From Hunger Foundation Items from 1985 were not Access restricted for 20 years from 1988 Access restricted for 20 years from American Heritage Foundation American Indian/Alaskan Native Nurses Association 59 4 American Indian Archaeological Institute 59 5 American Indian Businessmen's Association n.d American Indian Charter Convention February American Indian Charter Convention 2 March Access restricted for 20 years from 59 8 American Indian College Fund Access restricted for 20 years from 59 9 American Indian Dance Theatre Access restricted for 20 years from American Indian Defense Association American Indian Development Corporation American Indian Development Corporation

24 Box Folder Description Years Notes 60 2 American Indian Development Corporation American Indian Development Finance Institute Planning Conference Proceedings American Indian Development Finance Institute Planning Conference Proceedings American Indian Federation American Indian Forestry Association American Indian Graduate Student Association Selected items were not 60 8 American Indian Law Clinic 1992 Access restricted for 20 years from 60 9 American Indian Law Students Association American Indian Law Symposium 1986 Access restricted for 20 years from American Indian Lawyer Training Program American Indian Lawyer Training Program American Indian Lawyers Association Selected item was not 1987 Access restricted for 20 years from American Indian Memorials 1955 Items from 1992 were not American Indian Movement American Indian National Bank Items from 1984 were not American Indian Nurses Association American Indian Policy Review Commission 61 5 American Indian Policy Review Commission Report

25 Box Folder Description Years Notes 61 6 American Indian Policy Review Commission Report American Indian Policy Review Commission Report American Indian Press Association American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation 62 4 American Indian Science and Engineering Society 62 5 American Indian Scouting Outreach American Indian Society of Creative Arts Access restricted for 20 years from Items from were not American Indian Technical Services 1987 Access restricted for 20 years from 62 8 American Indian Women's Service League American Indians -- United American Institute of Architects Americans for Children's Relief Americans for Indian Opportunity Items from were not Amnesty International 1992 Access restricted for 20 years from 63 3 Amory, Cleveland Anderson, Arnold T Anderson, Frank R Anderson, Owanah Access restricted for 20 years from 63 7 Anderson/ Lucey Presidential Campaign Angelita's Fund Anti-Indian Sentiment Appointment Calendar Access restricted for 20 years from 4

26 Box Folder Description Years Notes Arizona State University Indian Education Program "Arrows in the Dust" (Columbia Broadcasting System) n.d Articles Articles Articles Articles Articles Items from were not Articles Access restricted for 20 years from 64 5 Articles: La Farge, Oliver Artists Space Access restricted for 20 years from 64 7 Arts and Crafts Arts and Crafts Arts and Crafts Items from were not Arts and Crafts Access restricted for 20 years from 65 4 Arts and Crafts Access restricted for 20 years from 65 5 Arts and Crafts Resource Guide Access restricted for 20 years from 65 6 Associated Indigenous Communications 65 7 Association of American Indian Physicians 65 8 Association of Contract Tribal Schools (ACTS) Association of Contract Tribal Schools (ACTS) Access restricted for 20 years from Items from 1984 and 1987 were not

27 Box Folder Description Years Notes 66 2 Association of Contract Tribal Schools (ACTS) Association of Native American Health Professionals 1983 Access restricted for 20 years from (Duplicates were not filmed.) ATLATL Privacy information was not 66 5 Attorney Contracts With Tribes Aurora Foundation Access restricted for 20 years from 66 7 Australia: Aboriginal Child Welfare Australia: Aboriginal Child Welfare Australia: Aboriginal Child Welfare Items from 1985 were not Australia: Aboriginal Land Rights Australia: Aboriginal Land Rights Australia: Aboriginal Law Centre Access restricted for 20 years from 67 5 Australia: Kimberley Land Council Australia: Law Reform Commission Australia: Law Reform Commission Australia: National Aboriginal Education Committee Australia: Publications Australia: Publications 2 n.d Australia: Queensland Aboriginal Legislation Australia: Tomlinson, John Australia: Trade Union Committee on Aboriginal Rights Australia: Uranium Australia: General Items from 1984 were not. 6

28 Box Folder Description Years Notes 68 8 Avalon Foundation Avon Glove Corporation 1984 Access restricted for 20 years from B. de Rothschild Foundation for the Arts and Sciences Bad Hand, Howard P Baer, Linda L Access restricted for 20 years from Bahti, Tom Baker, John E., Sr Ban the Dam Jam 1991 Access restricted for 20 years from Banbury Fund Access restricted for 20 years from Barbara Warden Foundation Barker Welfare Foundation Barksdale Foundation Barrett, Janet Access restricted for 20 years from Basso, Keith H Items from were not Battelle Memorial Institute 1992 Access restricted for 20 years from 69 2 Bauer, Gary 1987 Access restricted for 20 years from 69 3 Baumgartner, Leona Beardsley, Helen M Folder was not microfilmed because of privacy information Becker, Edward J Beddall, Thomas H., Jr Privacy information was not 69 7 Bell, Griffin B Ben-Ami, Henri Benefit Performance of Indians

29 Box Folder Description Years Notes Bennett, Robert L Bergen, Alfreda Janis Items from were not. Privacy information was not Better Business Bureaus Better Business Bureaus Items from were not Bibb Company Bibb Company Bibliographies Items from were not Bibliographies 2 n.d Big Bear Spiritual Run 1988 Access restricted for 20 years from 70 6 Bigart, Homer Birchfield, J. Kermit, Jr Items from were not. Privacy information was not 70 8 Bison 1989 Access restricted for 20 years from 70 9 Black, Algernon D Black, Charles L., Jr Black Hills Sioux Nation Council Black War Veterans of the United States Association 1993 Access restricted for 20 years from Blackbird, Edith Folder was not microfilmed because of privacy information Blackwolf, Charles

30 Box Folder Description Years Notes 71 1 Blanchard, Evelyn Lance Items from were not Blatchford, Herb Blue Hill Foundation Board for Fundamental Education Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Boarding Schools Items from were not. Privacy information was not 72 3 Boarding Schools 9 n.d Bobelu, Carolyn Access restricted for 20 years from 72 5 Bolivian Textiles 1990 Access restricted for 20 years from 72 6 Borbridge, John, Jr Folder was not microfilmed because of privacy information Borg-Marks and Payne Company 1988 Access restricted for 20 years from 72 8 Botelho, Eugene Bowler, Alida C Boy Scouts of America Brackish Groundwater Brackish Groundwater

31 Box Folder Description Years Notes Bradford, Penelope S Items from were not. Privacy information was not 73 1 Brady, Steven C., Sr Access restricted for 20 years from 73 2 Brando, Marlon, Sr Brennan, Jere Broadcasting Access restricted for 20 years from 73 5 Broden, Leo Privacy information was not 73 6 "Broken Arrow" (20th Century Fox) Bronson, Ruth Muskrat Brookings Institution Brophy, William A Brown, Ivan Brown, Oscar Deric n.d. Access restricted for 20 years from Brown Thunder, Joseph, Jr Access restricted for 20 years from Bruner, Edward M Buder, Kathryn M Access restricted for 20 years from Bureau of Indian Affairs: Aberdeen Area Office Bureau of Indian Affairs: Aberdeen Area Office Bureau of Indian Affairs: Bill of Particulars Against Bureau of Indian Affairs: Conferences Bureau of Indian Affairs: Conferences Bureau of Indian Affairs: Credit Program Access restricted for 20 years from